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迎(ying)客(ke)松屹(yi)立在黃山風景區玉屏(ping)樓(lou)的(de)(de)青獅石(shi)旁，海拔1670米(mi)處(chu)。樹(shu)高9.91米(mi)，胸圍2.05米(mi)，枝(zhi)下高2.54米(mi)。樹(shu)干(gan)中(zhong)部伸出長達7.6米(mi)的(de)(de)兩(liang)大側(ce)枝(zhi)展向前方，恰似一(yi)位好客(ke)的(de)(de)主人，揮展雙(shuang)臂，熱情地歡(huan)迎(ying)五湖四海的(de)(de)賓(bin)客(ke)來黃山游(you)覽。游(you)客(ke)到此(ci)，頓(dun)時游(you)興倍增，紛紛攝影留(liu)念，引(yin)以為幸。

游玩勝地

迎(ying)(ying)客松作為中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)同世界人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)友誼的(de)象征，早已蜚聲中(zhong)外。我國(guo)國(guo)家領導人(ren)(ren)曾(ceng)在(zai)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)大會堂的(de)巨(ju)幅“迎(ying)(ying)客松”國(guo)畫(hua)前，接見過無數(shu)友好使者，同世界各(ge)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)結(jie)下了深厚的(de)友誼。迎(ying)(ying)客松作為國(guo)之瑰寶，是(shi)當之無愧的(de)。

迎客松(song)是黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)的(de)(de)譽稱，系(xi)松(song)科松(song)屬的(de)(de)常綠喬(qiao)木。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)、清涼峰自然(ran)保護(hu)區、牯牛降自然(ran)保護(hu)區以及與(yu)浙(zhe)、贛交界(jie)山(shan)(shan)地(di)，海拔600—700米(mi)以上地(di)帶(dai)均有分(fen)布。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)，其(qi)外(wai)形與(yu)我國華北(bei)、西北(bei)的(de)(de)油松(song)極為相似(si)，故(gu)過去一(yi)(yi)直被當作油松(song)。1936年我國植(zhi)物學家(jia)們(men)來這(zhe)里進行實地(di)考察(cha)后，經(jing)鑒(jian)定認為，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)針葉短、微細，樹脂道的(de)(de)數量、位(wei)置與(yu)油松(song)截然(ran)不(bu)同，是一(yi)(yi)新(xin)種定名(ming)為黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(Pinus hwangshanensis)。1961年著名(ming)林學家(jia)鄭萬鈞等(deng)將黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)與(yu)臺灣松(song)合并為一(yi)(yi)種，改其(qi)學名(ming)為(Pinus taiwanensis)，仍保留“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)”這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)中名(ming)。

經濟價值

黃山松(song)(song)還(huan)具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)經濟(ji)價值。據《徽州府志(zhi)》記載，徽墨的(de)宗(zong)師奚廷硅(gui)(gui)曾用黃山松(song)(song)松(song)(song)煙為原料，制做出“豐肌膩理(li)、光輝如漆”，經久不(bu)褪，香味濃(nong)郁的(de)佳墨。因此，深得南唐后主李煜的(de)厚愛，并賜給“國姓(xing)”，奚廷硅(gui)(gui)改稱(cheng)李廷硅(gui)(gui)。黃山松(song)(song)的(de)材質(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)馬尾松(song)(song)為優(you)，可供建筑、橋梁(liang)、家具及木纖維(wei)工(gong)業的(de)原料，并可采割松(song)(song)脂(zhi)。

相關介紹

黃山

黃(huang)山被譽為“天下(xia)第一(yi)奇

山(shan)(shan)”的(de)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)，以奇(qi)松(song)、怪石、云海、溫(wen)泉(quan)、冬雪(xue)“五(wu)絕”聞名于(yu)世，而人們對黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)奇(qi)松(song)，更是情有獨鐘。山(shan)(shan)頂上，陡(dou)崖(ya)邊，處(chu)處(chu)都有它們瀟(xiao)灑、挺秀的(de)身影。

黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)最(zui)妙的(de)(de)(de)觀松(song)(song)(song)處，當然(ran)(ran)是曾被(bei)徐霞客(ke)稱為“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)絕勝處”的(de)(de)(de)玉屏樓了(le)。樓前懸崖(ya)上有(you)“迎(ying)客(ke)”、“陪(pei)客(ke)”、“送(song)客(ke)”三大名松(song)(song)(song)。迎(ying)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)姿態(tai)(tai)優美(mei)，枝干(gan)遒勁，雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)飽(bao)經風霜，卻仍然(ran)(ran)郁(yu)郁(yu)蒼蒼，充滿(man)生機。它有(you)一叢青翠(cui)的(de)(de)(de)枝干(gan)斜伸(shen)出(chu)去(qu)，如(ru)同好客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)主人(ren)(ren)(ren)伸(shen)出(chu)手(shou)臂，熱(re)情地歡迎(ying)賓客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)到來。如(ru)今(jin)，這棵迎(ying)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)已經成為黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)奇松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)代表，乃至整個黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)象征了(le)。陪(pei)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)正(zheng)(zheng)對玉屏樓，如(ru)同一個綠(lv)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)巨人(ren)(ren)(ren)站(zhan)在(zai)那兒，正(zheng)(zheng)陪(pei)同游人(ren)(ren)(ren)觀賞(shang)美(mei)麗的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)風光。送(song)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)姿態(tai)(tai)獨(du)特，枝干(gan)蟠曲，游人(ren)(ren)(ren)把它比作(zuo)“天然(ran)(ran)盆(pen)景”。它向山(shan)(shan)(shan)下伸(shen)出(chu)長長的(de)(de)(de)“手(shou)臂”，好像(xiang)在(zai)跟游客(ke)依依不舍地告(gao)別。迎(ying)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)是黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)譽稱，系松(song)(song)(song)科松(song)(song)(song)屬的(de)(de)(de)常綠(lv)喬木。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、清涼峰自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護區、牯牛降自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護區以(yi)及與(yu)浙、贛交界山(shan)(shan)(shan)地，海拔600—700米以(yi)上地帶均有(you)分布。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)，其外(wai)形(xing)與(yu)我國(guo)華北(bei)、西北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)油松(song)(song)(song)極為相似(si)，故過去(qu)一直(zhi)被(bei)當作(zuo)油松(song)(song)(song)。

黃(huang)山(shan)延綿(mian)數百里，千(qian)峰(feng)萬壑，比比皆(jie)松(song)。黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)，它(ta)分布于海(hai)拔(ba)800米以(yi)上(shang)高山(shan)，以(yi)石為母(mu)，頑強(qiang)地扎根于巨巖裂隙。黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)針葉粗短，蒼(cang)翠濃(nong)密，干曲枝(zhi)虬(qiu)，千(qian)姿(zi)百態。或倚岸挺拔(ba)，或獨立峰(feng)巔，或倒懸絕(jue)壁，或冠(guan)平如蓋(gai)，或尖削(xue)似(si)劍。有的循崖度壑，繞石而(er)(er)過；有的穿罅穴縫，破石而(er)(er)出。忽懸、忽橫、忽臥、忽起，“無樹非(fei)松(song)，無石不松(song)，無松(song)不奇(qi)”。

黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)是由黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)獨(du)特地貌(mao)、氣(qi)(qi)候而形成(cheng)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國松(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種變體。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)生(sheng)長在(zai)(zai)(zai)海拔800米(mi)以(yi)上的(de)(de)地方，通常是黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)北坡(po)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1500-1700米(mi)處(chu)，南坡(po)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1000-1600米(mi)處(chu)。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)千姿(zi)百態(tai)和黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)自然環(huan)境有(you)著很大的(de)(de)關系。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)的(de)(de)種子能(neng)夠被(bei)風(feng)送到花崗巖(yan)的(de)(de)裂縫中(zhong)(zhong)去(qu)，以(yi)無堅不摧、有(you)縫即(ji)入的(de)(de)鉆勁，在(zai)(zai)(zai)那(nei)里(li)發芽、生(sheng)根、成(cheng)長。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)泥土稀少，但花崗巖(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)紅色的(de)(de)長石(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)鉀(jia)，夏天雷雨后空氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)氮氣(qi)(qi)變成(cheng)氮鹽，可以(yi)被(bei)巖(yan)層(ceng)和泥土吸(xi)收(shou)，進而為松(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)根系吸(xi)收(shou)；

黃山松

鳳凰松：其干低(di)矮，平(ping)分(fen)二(er)杈，一枝昂(ang)然斜伸，宛若(ruo)鳳凰引頸；一枝平(ping)展四(si)射，恰似鳳凰開屏。

蒲(pu)團松：其粗矮(ai)的(de)主干(gan)頂端，枝(zhi)條團團鋪散(san)，構成圓形(xing)的(de)平頂樹冠，狀如蘑菇，相傳僧(seng)人常在其頂打(da)盤靜(jing)坐(zuo)。

雙龍松：二干盤旋虬曲于(yu)懸(xuan)崖(ya)峭壁(bi)之上，形似二龍嬉(xi)戲于(yu)云海(hai)松濤(tao)之中。

連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)松:連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)松為(wei)黃(huang)山(shan)十(shi)大名松之一，列入(ru)世界遺(yi)產(chan)名錄。位于自(zi)“黑(hei)虎松”去“始信峰”途中左側。樹(shu)高20多米(mi)，在離地2米(mi)處樹(shu)分兩(liang)干，并(bing)蒂(di)齊肩，其粗細(xi)、高低幾乎一模一樣。因為(wei)人(ren)們常以(yi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)比喻夫妻，所(suo)以(yi)附于此樹(shu)的傳說也是愛(ai)(ai)恨纏綿的唐明皇與楊貴(gui)妃的故事。相傳二(er)人(ren)曾(ceng)于七夕明誓，百年之后同去黃(huang)山(shan)，修身(shen)養性再結連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)。死后二(er)人(ren)果然同游(you)(you)黃(huang)山(shan)，并(bing)留戀此地美景而化身(shen)為(wei)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)松。所(suo)以(yi)攜(xie)手同游(you)(you)的戀人(ren)經由此樹(shu)，都要在這里留影，讓古(gu)樹(shu)為(wei)幸福愛(ai)(ai)情(qing)作證。

還有臥龍松、倒掛松、麒麟松等等。

它(ta)們千(qian)姿(zi)百態(tai)，造型古雅奇(qi)特，猶(you)如(ru)顆顆瑰麗的(de)翠玉，鑲(xiang)嵌在秀麗的(de)群峰(feng)之(zhi)中(zhong)，給黃山增添了(le)無窮的(de)詩情(qing)畫意(yi)。舉世聞名的(de)迎客松可算是這(zhe)些奇(qi)松中(zhong)的(de)佼佼者了(le)。它(ta)蒼勁(jing)奇(qi)秀，俊(jun)俏多姿(zi)，雍(yong)容瀟灑(sa)美不勝收(shou)。

松樹

松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)根系不斷分泌(mi)一(yi)種有機酸，能慢(man)慢(man)溶解(jie)巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)，把(ba)巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)中的(de)礦物鹽類(lei)分解(jie)出(chu)來為己(ji)所(suo)用；花草(cao)、樹(shu)葉等植(zhi)物腐爛后(hou)，也分解(jie)成肥料；這樣黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)便在(zai)貧(pin)瘠的(de)巖縫中也能存活、成長(chang)(chang)。地勢崎嶇不平，懸崖峭壁縱橫堆疊(die)，黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)無法(fa)垂直(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，只(zhi)能彎彎曲(qu)曲(qu)地甚(shen)至朝下生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。由于(yu)要(yao)抗暴風(feng)御冰霜(shuang)，黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)針葉短粗，冠平如削，色(se)綠(lv)深沉，樹(shu)干(gan)(gan)和樹(shu)枝也極堅(jian)(jian)韌(ren)，極富彈性。黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)另一(yi)特點(dian)是，由于(yu)風(feng)吹日(ri)曬，許多松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)只(zhi)在(zai)一(yi)邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)出(chu)樹(shu)枝。黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)姿態堅(jian)(jian)韌(ren)傲然(ran)，美麗奇特，但生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)環境十(shi)分艱苦，因(yin)而(er)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)速度(du)異常緩慢(man)，一(yi)棵(ke)高(gao)不盈丈的(de)黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)，往往樹(shu)齡上百年(nian)，甚(shen)至數百年(nian)；根部常常比樹(shu)干(gan)(gan)長(chang)(chang)幾(ji)(ji)倍、幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)倍，由于(yu)根部很深，黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)能堅(jian)(jian)強地立于(yu)巖石(shi)(shi)(shi)之上，雖歷(li)風(feng)霜(shuang)雨霜(shuang)卻依然(ran)永葆青春。

十大名松

最著名的黃(huang)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)有：迎(ying)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)于(yu)(yu)玉屏(ping)樓的石(shi)獅(shi)前面），送客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)于(yu)(yu)玉屏(ping)樓的右(you)邊），蒲團(tuan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)于(yu)(yu)蓮花溪谷），鳳凰松(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)于(yu)(yu)天海(hai)(hai)），棋盤松(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)于(yu)(yu)平田(tian)石(shi)橋(qiao)），接引松(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)于(yu)(yu)始(shi)信峰），麒(qi)麟(lin)松(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)于(yu)(yu)北(bei)海(hai)(hai)賓館(guan)(guan)和清涼(liang)臺之間），黑虎(hu)松(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)于(yu)(yu)北(bei)海(hai)(hai)賓館(guan)(guan)和始(shi)信峰之間），探海(hai)(hai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)或叫(jiao)舞松(song)(song)(song)(song)（位(wei)于(yu)(yu)天都峰的鯽魚背旁邊）──這(zhe)就是黃(huang)山的十大(da)名松(song)(song)(song)(song)。過去還(huan)曾(ceng)有人編了(le)《名松(song)(song)(song)(song)譜》，收錄了(le)許(xu)多黃(huang)山松(song)(song)(song)(song)，可以數出名字的松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹成百上千，每棵都獨具美(mei)麗、優(you)雅的風格。