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迎(ying)客(ke)松屹立在(zai)黃(huang)山風景區玉屏樓的(de)(de)青獅石旁，海拔1670米(mi)(mi)處。樹高9.91米(mi)(mi)，胸圍2.05米(mi)(mi)，枝(zhi)下高2.54米(mi)(mi)。樹干中部伸出長(chang)達7.6米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)兩大側枝(zhi)展(zhan)向(xiang)前方，恰(qia)似一位好客(ke)的(de)(de)主人，揮展(zhan)雙臂，熱(re)情(qing)地歡迎(ying)五湖(hu)四海的(de)(de)賓客(ke)來黃(huang)山游覽。游客(ke)到此(ci)，頓時(shi)游興倍增，紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)攝影留念(nian)，引以為幸(xing)。

游玩勝地

迎客松作為(wei)中國(guo)(guo)人民同(tong)世(shi)界人民友誼的象征，早已蜚聲中外(wai)。我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家領導人曾在人民大會(hui)堂的巨幅(fu)“迎客松”國(guo)(guo)畫前，接(jie)見過無數友好(hao)使(shi)者，同(tong)世(shi)界各國(guo)(guo)人民結下了深厚的友誼。迎客松作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)瑰寶，是當之(zhi)無愧的。

迎客松(song)是黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)的譽稱，系松(song)科松(song)屬的常綠喬(qiao)木。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)、清涼峰自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區、牯牛(niu)降自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區以及與(yu)浙、贛交(jiao)界山(shan)(shan)地(di)，海(hai)拔600—700米以上地(di)帶(dai)均有分布。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)，其外形(xing)與(yu)我國(guo)華(hua)北、西北的油松(song)極(ji)為相似，故過去一直被當作(zuo)油松(song)。1936年(nian)我國(guo)植物(wu)學家們來(lai)這(zhe)里進行實(shi)地(di)考(kao)察后，經鑒定(ding)認為，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)針葉短、微細，樹脂(zhi)道的數量、位(wei)置與(yu)油松(song)截然不同，是一新(xin)種定(ding)名(ming)為黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(Pinus hwangshanensis)。1961年(nian)著名(ming)林學家鄭萬鈞等將黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)與(yu)臺灣松(song)合并為一種，改其學名(ming)為(Pinus taiwanensis)，仍保(bao)留“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)”這(zhe)一中名(ming)。

經濟價值

黃山松(song)還(huan)具(ju)有(you)較高的(de)(de)經濟價值。據《徽州(zhou)府志(zhi)》記載，徽墨的(de)(de)宗師奚(xi)廷硅(gui)曾(ceng)用(yong)黃山松(song)松(song)煙為原料，制做出(chu)“豐肌膩理、光輝如漆”，經久不褪，香味濃郁的(de)(de)佳(jia)墨。因此，深得(de)南(nan)唐后主李煜的(de)(de)厚愛，并(bing)賜給“國姓”，奚(xi)廷硅(gui)改稱李廷硅(gui)。黃山松(song)的(de)(de)材質(zhi)較馬尾(wei)松(song)為優，可供建筑、橋梁、家具(ju)及木纖維工業的(de)(de)原料，并(bing)可采(cai)割松(song)脂(zhi)。

相關介紹

黃山

黃山被譽(yu)為“天下第一(yi)奇

山(shan)(shan)”的(de)(de)黃山(shan)(shan)，以奇(qi)松、怪石(shi)、云(yun)海、溫泉(quan)、冬(dong)雪“五絕”聞名于世，而人們對黃山(shan)(shan)奇(qi)松，更(geng)是情有獨鐘。山(shan)(shan)頂上，陡崖(ya)邊(bian)，處(chu)處(chu)都有它們瀟(xiao)灑、挺秀的(de)(de)身影。

黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)最妙(miao)的(de)觀(guan)松(song)(song)(song)處，當(dang)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)是(shi)曾被徐(xu)霞客(ke)(ke)(ke)稱為“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)絕勝處”的(de)玉(yu)屏(ping)樓(lou)了。樓(lou)前(qian)懸崖上(shang)有(you)“迎客(ke)(ke)(ke)”、“陪(pei)客(ke)(ke)(ke)”、“送(song)客(ke)(ke)(ke)”三(san)大名(ming)松(song)(song)(song)。迎客(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)姿態優美(mei)，枝(zhi)干(gan)遒勁，雖然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)飽經(jing)風(feng)霜，卻(que)仍然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)郁郁蒼蒼，充滿(man)生(sheng)機。它有(you)一叢(cong)青翠的(de)枝(zhi)干(gan)斜伸出(chu)去，如(ru)同好客(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)伸出(chu)手(shou)臂(bei)，熱情地(di)歡迎賓客(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)到來(lai)。如(ru)今(jin)，這棵迎客(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)已經(jing)成為黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)奇松(song)(song)(song)的(de)代表，乃至整(zheng)個黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)象征了。陪(pei)客(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)正對玉(yu)屏(ping)樓(lou)，如(ru)同一個綠色的(de)巨人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)站在(zai)那兒，正陪(pei)同游(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)觀(guan)賞美(mei)麗的(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)風(feng)光(guang)。送(song)客(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)姿態獨特，枝(zhi)干(gan)蟠曲(qu)，游(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)把它比作“天然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)盆(pen)景”。它向山(shan)(shan)(shan)下伸出(chu)長長的(de)“手(shou)臂(bei)”，好像在(zai)跟游(you)客(ke)(ke)(ke)依依不舍地(di)告別。迎客(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)譽(yu)稱，系松(song)(song)(song)科松(song)(song)(song)屬的(de)常綠喬木(mu)。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、清涼峰自然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保護區、牯牛(niu)降自然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保護區以及與(yu)浙、贛交(jiao)界山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)，海拔600—700米以上(shang)地(di)帶均有(you)分布。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)，其外(wai)形與(yu)我(wo)國華北(bei)、西北(bei)的(de)油松(song)(song)(song)極(ji)為相似(si)，故過去一直被當(dang)作油松(song)(song)(song)。

黃山(shan)(shan)延綿數百里，千峰(feng)萬(wan)壑，比比皆松(song)。黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)，它分布于(yu)海拔800米(mi)以上高山(shan)(shan)，以石(shi)(shi)為母，頑強地扎根于(yu)巨(ju)巖裂隙(xi)。黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)針葉粗(cu)短，蒼翠(cui)濃密(mi)，干曲枝虬，千姿(zi)百態(tai)。或(huo)倚(yi)岸(an)挺拔，或(huo)獨立(li)峰(feng)巔，或(huo)倒(dao)懸絕壁(bi)，或(huo)冠平如蓋，或(huo)尖削(xue)似劍。有(you)的(de)循崖度壑，繞(rao)石(shi)(shi)而過；有(you)的(de)穿罅(xia)穴縫(feng)，破(po)石(shi)(shi)而出。忽(hu)懸、忽(hu)橫、忽(hu)臥、忽(hu)起，“無(wu)樹非松(song)，無(wu)石(shi)(shi)不(bu)松(song)，無(wu)松(song)不(bu)奇”。

黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松是由黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)獨特地貌、氣候(hou)而形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)松樹的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)變體(ti)。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松一(yi)般(ban)生長(chang)在(zai)海拔800米以(yi)上的(de)地方，通常(chang)是黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)北坡(po)在(zai)1500-1700米處，南坡(po)在(zai)1000-1600米處。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松的(de)千姿百態和黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)自然環境有著很大的(de)關系。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松的(de)種(zhong)子能夠(gou)被風送到花崗(gang)巖(yan)的(de)裂縫(feng)中(zhong)(zhong)去，以(yi)無堅不摧(cui)、有縫(feng)即入的(de)鉆勁，在(zai)那里發芽(ya)、生根、成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泥土稀少(shao)，但花崗(gang)巖(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)肉紅色的(de)長(chang)石中(zhong)(zhong)含有鉀，夏天雷雨后空氣中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)氮(dan)氣變成(cheng)(cheng)氮(dan)鹽，可以(yi)被巖(yan)層(ceng)和泥土吸收(shou)，進而為松樹的(de)根系吸收(shou)；

黃山松

鳳(feng)凰松：其干低矮，平(ping)分二杈，一(yi)(yi)枝(zhi)昂然斜伸，宛(wan)若鳳(feng)凰引(yin)頸；一(yi)(yi)枝(zhi)平(ping)展(zhan)四射，恰似鳳(feng)凰開屏。

蒲團(tuan)松(song)：其粗矮的(de)主干頂(ding)端，枝條團(tuan)團(tuan)鋪散，構成(cheng)圓形(xing)的(de)平頂(ding)樹(shu)冠，狀如蘑菇，相(xiang)傳僧人常在(zai)其頂(ding)打盤靜坐。

雙龍(long)松：二(er)干盤旋(xuan)虬(qiu)曲于(yu)懸崖峭壁之(zhi)上，形(xing)似二(er)龍(long)嬉戲于(yu)云海松濤之(zhi)中(zhong)。

連(lian)(lian)(lian)理松(song)(song):連(lian)(lian)(lian)理松(song)(song)為黃(huang)山十大名松(song)(song)之(zhi)一，列入世(shi)界(jie)遺(yi)產名錄。位于自“黑虎(hu)松(song)(song)”去“始(shi)信(xin)峰”途(tu)中(zhong)左側。樹(shu)(shu)高20多米(mi)，在離地2米(mi)處樹(shu)(shu)分兩干，并蒂齊肩，其(qi)粗細、高低幾乎一模一樣。因為人們(men)常(chang)以連(lian)(lian)(lian)理比喻夫妻，所以附于此樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)傳說也是愛(ai)恨纏(chan)綿的(de)(de)(de)唐明皇(huang)與楊貴妃(fei)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)事。相傳二人曾于七夕明誓，百(bai)年之(zhi)后(hou)同去黃(huang)山，修(xiu)身(shen)(shen)養性再(zai)結連(lian)(lian)(lian)理。死后(hou)二人果然同游黃(huang)山，并留(liu)戀此地美景而化(hua)身(shen)(shen)為連(lian)(lian)(lian)理松(song)(song)。所以攜(xie)手同游的(de)(de)(de)戀人經由此樹(shu)(shu)，都(dou)要在這里留(liu)影，讓古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)為幸福愛(ai)情作證。

還有臥(wo)龍松(song)(song)、倒(dao)掛松(song)(song)、麒(qi)麟松(song)(song)等等。

它(ta)們千姿(zi)百(bai)態，造型古(gu)雅奇(qi)特，猶如顆顆瑰(gui)麗(li)(li)的(de)翠玉，鑲嵌在秀麗(li)(li)的(de)群峰之中(zhong)，給黃山增(zeng)添了(le)無窮的(de)詩(shi)情畫意。舉(ju)世聞名的(de)迎客(ke)松可算是這(zhe)些奇(qi)松中(zhong)的(de)佼(jiao)佼(jiao)者了(le)。它(ta)蒼勁奇(qi)秀，俊俏多姿(zi)，雍容瀟灑美不勝收(shou)。

松樹

松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)根(gen)系不(bu)斷分(fen)泌一(yi)種有機(ji)酸，能慢(man)慢(man)溶解(jie)巖石(shi)，把巖石(shi)中的(de)礦物鹽類分(fen)解(jie)出來(lai)為己所用；花(hua)草、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)葉等植物腐爛后(hou)，也分(fen)解(jie)成肥(fei)料；這(zhe)樣(yang)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松便在(zai)貧(pin)瘠的(de)巖縫中也能存活、成長(chang)(chang)。地(di)勢崎嶇不(bu)平，懸(xuan)崖峭壁縱橫堆(dui)疊(die)，黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松無(wu)法垂直生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，只(zhi)能彎(wan)彎(wan)曲曲地(di)甚(shen)至朝下(xia)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。由于(yu)要抗(kang)暴風御冰霜，黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松的(de)針葉短粗(cu)，冠平如削(xue)，色綠深沉(chen)，樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)和樹(shu)(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)也極堅(jian)韌(ren)，極富彈性。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松的(de)另(ling)一(yi)特點(dian)是，由于(yu)風吹日曬，許多松樹(shu)(shu)(shu)只(zhi)在(zai)一(yi)邊長(chang)(chang)出樹(shu)(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松姿態堅(jian)韌(ren)傲(ao)然，美麗奇特，但(dan)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)環境(jing)十分(fen)艱苦，因而生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)速度(du)異常緩慢(man)，一(yi)棵高不(bu)盈丈的(de)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松，往往樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡上百(bai)年(nian)，甚(shen)至數百(bai)年(nian)；根(gen)部常常比樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)長(chang)(chang)幾倍、幾十倍，由于(yu)根(gen)部很深，黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松能堅(jian)強地(di)立于(yu)巖石(shi)之上，雖歷風霜雨霜卻(que)依(yi)然永(yong)葆青春。

十大名松

最著名的(de)(de)黃山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)有(you)：迎客松(song)(song)(song)（位于(yu)(yu)(yu)玉(yu)屏樓的(de)(de)石獅前(qian)面(mian)），送客松(song)(song)(song)（位于(yu)(yu)(yu)玉(yu)屏樓的(de)(de)右邊），蒲團松(song)(song)(song)（位于(yu)(yu)(yu)蓮花溪谷），鳳凰(huang)松(song)(song)(song)（位于(yu)(yu)(yu)天海(hai)），棋盤松(song)(song)(song)（位于(yu)(yu)(yu)平(ping)田石橋），接引松(song)(song)(song)（位于(yu)(yu)(yu)始信峰），麒麟(lin)松(song)(song)(song)（位于(yu)(yu)(yu)北(bei)海(hai)賓(bin)館和清涼臺之(zhi)間），黑虎松(song)(song)(song)（位于(yu)(yu)(yu)北(bei)海(hai)賓(bin)館和始信峰之(zhi)間），探海(hai)松(song)(song)(song)或叫舞(wu)松(song)(song)(song)（位于(yu)(yu)(yu)天都峰的(de)(de)鯽魚(yu)背旁(pang)邊）──這就是黃山(shan)的(de)(de)十大(da)名松(song)(song)(song)。過去(qu)還曾有(you)人(ren)編了《名松(song)(song)(song)譜》，收錄了許(xu)多黃山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)，可以數出名字的(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹成百上千，每棵(ke)都獨具美(mei)麗(li)、優雅的(de)(de)風格。