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迎客(ke)松(song)屹立在黃山(shan)風景(jing)區玉屏樓的青獅石(shi)旁，海拔1670米(mi)處。樹(shu)高9.91米(mi)，胸圍(wei)2.05米(mi)，枝下高2.54米(mi)。樹(shu)干中部伸出長達7.6米(mi)的兩大側(ce)枝展向前方，恰似(si)一位好客(ke)的主(zhu)人，揮展雙臂(bei)，熱情地歡迎五湖四(si)海的賓客(ke)來黃山(shan)游覽(lan)。游客(ke)到此，頓時游興倍增，紛紛攝影留念，引以為幸(xing)。

游玩勝地

迎(ying)(ying)客(ke)(ke)松(song)作為(wei)中(zhong)國人(ren)民(min)同世界人(ren)民(min)友(you)誼的(de)象征，早已蜚(fei)聲(sheng)中(zhong)外。我國國家領導人(ren)曾在人(ren)民(min)大會堂的(de)巨幅(fu)“迎(ying)(ying)客(ke)(ke)松(song)”國畫前，接見(jian)過無數友(you)好使者，同世界各國人(ren)民(min)結下了深厚(hou)的(de)友(you)誼。迎(ying)(ying)客(ke)(ke)松(song)作為(wei)國之(zhi)(zhi)瑰寶，是當之(zhi)(zhi)無愧的(de)。

迎客松(song)(song)(song)(song)是黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)譽稱，系松(song)(song)(song)(song)科松(song)(song)(song)(song)屬的(de)常綠喬(qiao)木。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、清涼峰自(zi)然保護區、牯(gu)牛降自(zi)然保護區以及與浙、贛交界山(shan)(shan)(shan)地，海拔(ba)600—700米(mi)以上地帶(dai)均有分(fen)布。黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，其外形與我國華(hua)北、西北的(de)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)極為相似，故過去一(yi)直被當作油松(song)(song)(song)(song)。1936年我國植物學(xue)(xue)家(jia)們來這里進行實地考察后，經鑒定認(ren)為，黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)針葉短(duan)、微(wei)細，樹脂(zhi)道的(de)數量、位(wei)置與油松(song)(song)(song)(song)截然不同，是一(yi)新(xin)種定名(ming)(ming)為黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(Pinus hwangshanensis)。1961年著名(ming)(ming)林學(xue)(xue)家(jia)鄭萬鈞等將黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)與臺灣松(song)(song)(song)(song)合并(bing)為一(yi)種，改其學(xue)(xue)名(ming)(ming)為(Pinus taiwanensis)，仍保留“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)”這一(yi)中名(ming)(ming)。

經濟價值

黃山松(song)還具有較高的(de)(de)經(jing)濟價值。據(ju)《徽(hui)州府(fu)志》記載，徽(hui)墨的(de)(de)宗師奚廷(ting)硅曾用黃山松(song)松(song)煙為原料(liao)，制做出“豐肌膩(ni)理、光輝如漆”，經(jing)久不褪，香(xiang)味濃(nong)郁(yu)的(de)(de)佳(jia)墨。因此，深得南(nan)唐后(hou)主李煜的(de)(de)厚(hou)愛，并(bing)賜(si)給(gei)“國(guo)姓”，奚廷(ting)硅改稱李廷(ting)硅。黃山松(song)的(de)(de)材質較馬尾松(song)為優，可(ke)供建筑(zhu)、橋梁、家具及木(mu)纖維工(gong)業的(de)(de)原料(liao)，并(bing)可(ke)采割松(song)脂。

相關介紹

黃山

黃山被譽為“天(tian)下(xia)第一奇

山”的黃山，以奇松、怪石、云海、溫泉、冬雪“五絕”聞名于(yu)世，而人們對黃山奇松，更是情(qing)有獨(du)鐘。山頂上，陡崖邊，處處都有它們瀟灑、挺秀的身影。

黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)最妙的(de)(de)觀(guan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)處(chu)，當然(ran)(ran)是(shi)曾被(bei)徐霞(xia)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)稱(cheng)為“黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)絕勝處(chu)”的(de)(de)玉(yu)屏(ping)樓了(le)。樓前懸崖(ya)上有“迎(ying)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”、“陪(pei)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”、“送客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”三(san)大(da)名(ming)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。迎(ying)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)姿(zi)態(tai)優美，枝(zhi)(zhi)干遒(qiu)勁，雖然(ran)(ran)飽(bao)經(jing)(jing)風(feng)霜，卻仍然(ran)(ran)郁(yu)郁(yu)蒼蒼，充(chong)滿(man)生機。它有一叢(cong)青翠的(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)干斜伸出(chu)去，如同(tong)好客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)主人(ren)(ren)伸出(chu)手臂，熱情地(di)(di)歡迎(ying)賓客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)到來。如今，這棵(ke)迎(ying)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)已(yi)經(jing)(jing)成為黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)奇松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)代表(biao)，乃至整個(ge)黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)的(de)(de)象征了(le)。陪(pei)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)正對玉(yu)屏(ping)樓，如同(tong)一個(ge)綠(lv)色的(de)(de)巨人(ren)(ren)站在那兒(er)，正陪(pei)同(tong)游人(ren)(ren)觀(guan)賞美麗的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)風(feng)光。送客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)姿(zi)態(tai)獨(du)特，枝(zhi)(zhi)干蟠(pan)曲，游人(ren)(ren)把它比作(zuo)“天(tian)然(ran)(ran)盆景(jing)”。它向山(shan)下(xia)伸出(chu)長(chang)(chang)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)“手臂”，好像在跟游客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)依(yi)依(yi)不舍地(di)(di)告別。迎(ying)客(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)譽稱(cheng)，系松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)科松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)屬的(de)(de)常綠(lv)喬木。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)、清涼峰自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區、牯牛降自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區以(yi)及與浙、贛交界山(shan)地(di)(di)，海拔600—700米(mi)以(yi)上地(di)(di)帶均有分布。黃(huang)(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)，其外形與我國華北、西北的(de)(de)油(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)極為相似，故過(guo)去一直(zhi)被(bei)當作(zuo)油(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)。

黃山延綿數百里，千峰(feng)(feng)萬壑(he)，比(bi)比(bi)皆松(song)(song)。黃山松(song)(song)，它分布于海拔(ba)(ba)800米以(yi)上高山，以(yi)石為(wei)母，頑強地扎根于巨巖裂隙。黃山松(song)(song)針葉粗(cu)短，蒼翠濃密，干曲枝(zhi)虬，千姿百態。或倚岸挺拔(ba)(ba)，或獨立峰(feng)(feng)巔，或倒懸(xuan)絕壁，或冠平如(ru)蓋(gai)，或尖削似劍。有的(de)循崖度壑(he)，繞石而過；有的(de)穿罅(xia)穴縫，破石而出(chu)。忽(hu)(hu)懸(xuan)、忽(hu)(hu)橫、忽(hu)(hu)臥、忽(hu)(hu)起，“無樹非松(song)(song)，無石不松(song)(song)，無松(song)(song)不奇”。

黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)是(shi)由(you)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)獨特地貌、氣(qi)候而(er)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)中(zhong)國松(song)樹的(de)(de)一種變(bian)體(ti)。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)一般生(sheng)長在(zai)(zai)海(hai)拔800米以(yi)上的(de)(de)地方，通(tong)常(chang)是(shi)黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)北坡在(zai)(zai)1500-1700米處(chu)，南坡在(zai)(zai)1000-1600米處(chu)。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)的(de)(de)千姿百態和黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)自然環境有著很大的(de)(de)關系(xi)。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)松(song)的(de)(de)種子能夠被(bei)風送到花(hua)崗巖的(de)(de)裂(lie)縫中(zhong)去，以(yi)無(wu)堅不摧、有縫即入的(de)(de)鉆勁，在(zai)(zai)那里發芽(ya)、生(sheng)根(gen)、成(cheng)長。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)泥土(tu)(tu)稀(xi)少，但花(hua)崗巖中(zhong)肉紅色的(de)(de)長石中(zhong)含有鉀，夏天雷雨后(hou)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)氮(dan)氣(qi)變(bian)成(cheng)氮(dan)鹽，可以(yi)被(bei)巖層和泥土(tu)(tu)吸(xi)收，進而(er)為松(song)樹的(de)(de)根(gen)系(xi)吸(xi)收；

黃山松

鳳凰松：其(qi)干低矮，平(ping)分二杈(cha)，一(yi)枝(zhi)昂然(ran)斜伸(shen)，宛(wan)若鳳凰引頸；一(yi)枝(zhi)平(ping)展四射，恰似(si)鳳凰開屏。

蒲(pu)團松(song)：其(qi)粗(cu)矮的主干頂(ding)端(duan)，枝條團團鋪散(san)，構成圓(yuan)形的平頂(ding)樹冠，狀如蘑菇，相傳僧(seng)人常在其(qi)頂(ding)打盤靜坐。

雙(shuang)龍(long)松：二(er)干(gan)盤(pan)旋(xuan)虬曲(qu)于(yu)懸崖峭壁之(zhi)上，形似二(er)龍(long)嬉(xi)戲于(yu)云海松濤之(zhi)中。

連(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)松:連(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)松為黃山(shan)十大名(ming)松之一(yi)，列(lie)入(ru)世界遺產名(ming)錄。位于(yu)(yu)自“黑虎(hu)松”去“始信峰(feng)”途中(zhong)左側。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)20多米(mi)，在(zai)離地(di)2米(mi)處樹(shu)(shu)(shu)分(fen)兩(liang)干，并(bing)蒂齊肩(jian)，其粗細、高(gao)低幾乎一(yi)模一(yi)樣(yang)。因為人(ren)(ren)們(men)常(chang)以連(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)比喻(yu)夫妻，所以附于(yu)(yu)此(ci)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)傳說也是愛(ai)恨(hen)纏綿的(de)唐明皇(huang)與楊貴妃(fei)的(de)故(gu)事。相傳二人(ren)(ren)曾于(yu)(yu)七夕明誓，百年(nian)之后同(tong)(tong)去黃山(shan)，修身養性再(zai)結連(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)。死(si)后二人(ren)(ren)果然同(tong)(tong)游黃山(shan)，并(bing)留(liu)戀此(ci)地(di)美景而化(hua)身為連(lian)(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)松。所以攜手同(tong)(tong)游的(de)戀人(ren)(ren)經由此(ci)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)，都要在(zai)這(zhe)里留(liu)影，讓(rang)古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)為幸福愛(ai)情作證。

還有臥龍松(song)、倒掛松(song)、麒麟松(song)等(deng)等(deng)。

它們(men)千姿(zi)百態，造(zao)型古雅(ya)奇特，猶如顆顆瑰麗的翠玉，鑲(xiang)嵌在秀麗的群(qun)峰之中(zhong)，給黃山增添了無窮(qiong)的詩情畫意。舉世(shi)聞名的迎客松可(ke)算是這些(xie)奇松中(zhong)的佼(jiao)(jiao)佼(jiao)(jiao)者了。它蒼勁奇秀，俊(jun)俏多姿(zi)，雍容(rong)瀟灑(sa)美不(bu)勝收。

松樹

松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)根(gen)系不斷分泌一種有機酸，能(neng)(neng)慢慢溶解巖石，把巖石中的(de)(de)(de)礦物鹽類分解出來(lai)為己所用；花草、樹(shu)(shu)葉等植物腐爛后，也分解成(cheng)肥料；這樣黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)便(bian)在(zai)貧瘠(ji)的(de)(de)(de)巖縫中也能(neng)(neng)存活、成(cheng)長。地(di)(di)勢崎嶇不平(ping)，懸崖峭壁縱橫(heng)堆(dui)疊(die)，黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)無法垂直(zhi)生(sheng)長，只能(neng)(neng)彎(wan)彎(wan)曲(qu)曲(qu)地(di)(di)甚至(zhi)朝下生(sheng)長。由(you)于要抗暴(bao)風御冰(bing)霜(shuang)，黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)針葉短粗，冠平(ping)如削，色(se)綠深沉，樹(shu)(shu)干和樹(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)也極(ji)堅(jian)韌，極(ji)富彈性。黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)另一特點(dian)是(shi)，由(you)于風吹(chui)日曬，許多松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)(shu)只在(zai)一邊長出樹(shu)(shu)枝(zhi)。黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)姿態堅(jian)韌傲然，美(mei)麗奇特，但生(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)環境十(shi)分艱苦，因(yin)而(er)生(sheng)長速(su)度異常緩慢，一棵高不盈丈的(de)(de)(de)黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)，往(wang)往(wang)樹(shu)(shu)齡上(shang)百年(nian)，甚至(zhi)數(shu)百年(nian)；根(gen)部常常比樹(shu)(shu)干長幾(ji)(ji)倍(bei)、幾(ji)(ji)十(shi)倍(bei)，由(you)于根(gen)部很深，黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)能(neng)(neng)堅(jian)強地(di)(di)立于巖石之上(shang)，雖歷風霜(shuang)雨霜(shuang)卻依然永(yong)葆青春(chun)。

十大名松

最著名(ming)(ming)的(de)黃山(shan)松(song)(song)有：迎(ying)客松(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于玉屏樓的(de)石獅前面），送客松(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于玉屏樓的(de)右(you)邊），蒲團松(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于蓮花溪谷），鳳凰松(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于天海(hai)），棋(qi)盤松(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于平(ping)田石橋），接引松(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于始(shi)信峰(feng)），麒(qi)麟(lin)松(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于北海(hai)賓館和清涼臺之間），黑虎松(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于北海(hai)賓館和始(shi)信峰(feng)之間），探海(hai)松(song)(song)或(huo)叫舞松(song)(song)（位(wei)(wei)于天都峰(feng)的(de)鯽魚背旁邊）──這就是黃山(shan)的(de)十大名(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)。過去(qu)還(huan)曾有人(ren)編了(le)(le)《名(ming)(ming)松(song)(song)譜(pu)》，收錄了(le)(le)許(xu)多黃山(shan)松(song)(song)，可以數出名(ming)(ming)字的(de)松(song)(song)樹成百上千，每(mei)棵都獨具(ju)美麗、優雅的(de)風(feng)格(ge)。