成書背景
李時珍念(nian)本草(cao)一書歷(li)代注解者(zhe)謬誤(wu)亦(yi)多,遂考(kao)古證今(jin),辨(bian)疑訂誤(wu),廣采博(bo)收群(qun)書,在宋代唐慎微《經史證類(lei)備急本草(cao)》基礎上編成此書。
流傳版本
《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草綱目(mu)》版本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)頗多,除國外各種全譯或節譯本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)外,國內現存約七十二種,大致可分為“一祖三系(xi)(xi)”,即(ji)祖本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(金陵本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、攝元堂本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben))及江(jiang)西本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、錢本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、張(zhang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)三個(ge)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。江(jiang)西本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),主(zhu)要(yao)為明萬歷(li)三十一年(nian)(1603)夏良心、張(zhang)鼎思刻(ke)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)等;錢本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),主(zhu)要(yao)為明崇(chong)禎十三年(nian)(1640)錢蔚起(qi)杭州六有堂刻(ke)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),并(bing)改繪(hui)藥圖(tu),以(yi)及清順(shun)治十二年(nian)(1655)吳(wu)毓(yu)昌太和(he)堂本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),乾隆間《四庫全書(shu)》本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)即(ji)據(ju)此(ci)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)抄錄;張(zhang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)系(xi)(xi)統(tong),主(zhu)要(yao)為清光緒(xu)十一年(nian)(1885)張(zhang)紹棠南京味古(gu)齋刻(ke)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),文字參校(xiao)江(jiang)西本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、錢本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),藥圖(tu)改繪(hui)后增加十余(yu)幅,并(bing)附(fu)《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草綱目(mu)拾遺》。1957年(nian)人民衛(wei)生(sheng)出版社(she)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)即(ji)據(ju)張(zhang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)影印(yin),晚近通行本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)為1977年(nian)人民衛(wei)生(sheng)出版社(she)出版劉衡如校(xiao)點本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),1993年(nian)上海科學技術(shu)出版社(she)金陵本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)影印(yin)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。
校注、整理
《本草綱目》現有劉衡如、劉山永校注本。
作者簡介
李時珍(zhen)(約1518~1593)明(ming)代杰出醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)學(xue)家(jia)。字東璧,晚號(hao)瀕湖(hu)山人(ren)。蘄州(今(jin)湖(hu)北(bei)蘄春)人(ren)。世業醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),父(fu)言(yan)聞(wen),有醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名。幼(you)習儒,三次應鄉(xiang)試不中(zhong)。師事(shi)顧日巖,讀書(shu)(shu)十年(nian)。受(shou)家(jia)庭熏(xun)陶,兼好醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu),遂精醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)。千里就醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)于門,立(li)活不取值。楚王聞(wen)之,聘為(wei)奉祠,掌良醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)事(shi)。世子(zi)(zi)暴厥(jue),治(zhi)(zhi)之即甦。經推薦,赴京師太(tai)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院供職一(yi)(yi)年(nian),或(huo)云嘗授(shou)太(tai)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院院判之職。晚年(nian)因子(zi)(zi)建中(zhong)為(wei)官,遂進封文林郎、四川(chuan)省蓬溪知縣(xian)。念本(ben)草(cao)一(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)歷(li)代注解(jie)者謬誤亦(yi)多,遂考古證(zheng)今(jin),辨疑訂(ding)誤,廣采博收群書(shu)(shu),奮發編修。自嘉(jia)靖三十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(1552年(nian))至(zhi)萬歷(li)六年(nian)(1578年(nian)),歷(li)時二(er)十七載,三易(yi)其稿,著成(cheng)《本(ben)草(cao)綱目(mu)》五(wu)十二(er)卷,初刊于金(jin)陵(ling)。子(zi)(zi)建中(zhong)、建元、建木(mu)及(ji)諸孫(sun)皆(jie)參與(yu)繪制藥(yao)圖(tu),孫(sun)樹宗(zong)、樹聲為(wei)之校對(dui)。甫及(ji)刻(ke)成(cheng),時珍(zhen)即逝。對(dui)脈(mo)(mo)學(xue)亦(yi)深有研究,所(suo)撰(zhuan)《瀕湖(hu)脈(mo)(mo)學(xue)》(1564年(nian))能融會(hui)先賢脈(mo)(mo)學(xue)之精華,刪繁去蕪,講(jiang)求實用,論述較為(wei)通俗(su)簡要,以韻體(ti)文寫成(cheng),便于記誦。此(ci)書(shu)(shu)歸納脈(mo)(mo)象為(wei)二(er)十七種,各撰(zhuan)體(ti)狀詩(shi)、相(xiang)類詩(shi)、主病詩(shi)。另著有《奇經八脈(mo)(mo)考》(1572年(nian)),于奇經循行(xing)路(lu)線(xian)及(ji)證(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)規律(lv)闡發尤多。已佚醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)著有《三焦客難》、《命門考》(或(huo)以為(wei)實系一(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu))、《五(wu)臟圖(tu)論》《瀕湖(hu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)案》《瀕湖(hu)集簡方(fang)》等。次子(zi)(zi)建元,從父(fu)業醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),有醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名。父(fu)卒,獻《本(ben)草(cao)綱目(mu)》于朝廷。四子(zi)(zi)建方(fang),精醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),中(zhong)年(nian)入選太(tai)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)士。弟子(zi)(zi)龐鹿門,傳其醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue);瞿九(jiu)思,傳其儒學(xue)。
書評、序言
《本草綱目》原序
紀(ji)稱(cheng):望龍光,知古劍;覘(zhan)寶(bao)(bao)氣,辨明珠。故萍實商羊,非天明莫洞。厥(jue)后博(bo)物稱(cheng)華,辨字稱(cheng)康,析寶(bao)(bao)玉(yu)(yu)稱(cheng)倚頓(dun),亦(yi)僅僅晨星耳。楚蘄陽李君東璧,一(yi)日(ri)過予 山(shan)園謁予,留飲數(shu)有(you)《本草綱(gang)目》數(shu)十卷。謂予曰(yue)∶時珍(zhen),荊楚鄙人也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。幼多(duo)羸(lei)疾(ji),質成(cheng)鈍椎;長耽(dan)典籍,若(ruo)啖蔗飴。遂漁獵群書,搜羅百(bai)氏。凡(fan)(fan)子(zi)(zi)、史、經(jing)、傳、聲韻、農圃、醫卜(bu)、星相(xiang)、樂府諸(zhu)家(jia),稍有(you)得處(chu),輒著數(shu)言(yan)(yan)。古有(you)《本草》一(yi)書,自炎黃及漢、梁、唐、宋(song),下(xia)(xia)迨(dai)國朝,注解群氏舊矣。第其中(zhong)舛謬差訛(e)遺(yi)漏(lou),不(bu)可枚(mei)數(shu)。乃(nai)敢(gan)奮(fen)編摩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,僭(jian)纂述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權。歲(sui)歷三(san)十稔,書考(kao)八百(bai)余家(jia),稿凡(fan)(fan)三(san)易。復者(zhe)芟(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),闕者(zhe)緝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),訛(e)者(zhe)繩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。舊本一(yi)千五百(bai)一(yi)十八種,今增藥三(san)百(bai)七十四種,分為(wei)一(yi)十六(liu)部(bu),著成(cheng)五十二卷。雖非集成(cheng),亦(yi)粗大備,僭(jian)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)《本草綱(gang)目》。愿乞一(yi)言(yan)(yan),以托不(bu)朽。予開卷細玩,每藥標正(zheng)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)綱(gang),附釋名(ming)(ming)為(wei)目,正(zheng)始也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);次(ci)以集解、辨疑、正(zheng)誤(wu),詳其土產形(xing)狀也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);次(ci)以氣味、主治、附方(fang),著其體用(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上自墳典,下(xia)(xia)及傳奇,凡(fan)(fan)有(you)相(xiang)關,靡不(bu)備采。如(ru)(ru)入(ru)金谷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)園,種色奪目;如(ru)(ru)登龍君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宮,寶(bao)(bao)藏悉陳;如(ru)(ru)對冰(bing)壺玉(yu)(yu)鑒,毛發可指(zhi)數(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。博(bo)而(er)不(bu)繁,詳而(er)有(you)要,綜(zong)核究竟(jing),直窺淵海。茲(zi)豈僅以醫書覯哉(zai)?實性理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精微,格物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《通典》,帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘 ,臣民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重寶(bao)(bao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李君用(yong)心嘉(jia)惠何(he)勤哉(zai)!噫(yi),碔玉(yu)(yu)莫剖,朱紫相(xiang)傾,弊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)久矣。故辨專車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨,必俟魯儒;博(bo)支機之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石,必訪賣卜(bu)。予方(fang)著《 州(zhou)卮(zhi)言(yan)(yan)》,恚博(bo)古如(ru)(ru)《丹鉛卮(zhi)言(yan)(yan)》后乏人也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),何(he)幸睹茲(zi)集哉(zai)!茲(zi)集也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深山(shan)石室無(wu)當,盍鍥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以共天下(xia)(xia)后世味《太玄》如(ru)(ru)子(zi)(zi)云(yun)者(zhe)。
時萬歷歲(sui)庚(geng)寅(yin)春(chun)上(shang)元日弇州山人鳳洲(zhou)王世貞拜撰。
進《本草綱目》疏
湖廣黃州府儒學增廣生員李(li)建元謹奏,為(wei)遵奉(feng)明(ming)例訪書,進(jin)(jin)獻《本(ben)草》以(yi)備采(cai)(cai)擇事。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)伏讀禮部儀制司勘合一(yi)(yi)(yi)款,恭請圣明(ming)敕儒臣(chen)(chen)(chen)開書局纂(zuan)(zuan)修(xiu)(xiu)正史,移(yi)文中外(wai)。凡名家(jia)(jia)(jia)著述,有(you)關國家(jia)(jia)(jia)典章,及紀君臣(chen)(chen)(chen)事跡(ji),他如天文、樂律、醫術、方技諸書,但成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)名言,可以(yi)垂于方來者,即(ji)訪求(qiu)解送(song),以(yi)備采(cai)(cai)入《藝文志(zhi)》。如已(yi)刻行者,即(ji)刷印(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部送(song)部。或其家(jia)(jia)(jia)自欲(yu)進(jin)(jin)獻者,聽任奉(feng)此。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)故父(fu)李(li)時珍,原任楚府奉(feng)祠,奉(feng)敕進(jin)(jin)封文林郎、四川蓬溪知縣(xian)。生平篤學,刻意纂(zuan)(zuan)修(xiu)(xiu)。曾著《本(ben)草》一(yi)(yi)(yi)部,甫及刻成(cheng),忽(hu)值數盡(jin),撰有(you)遺表(biao),令臣(chen)(chen)(chen)代獻。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)切思之(zhi):父(fu)有(you)遺命而(er)子不遵,何(he)(he)以(yi)承先志(zhi);父(fu)有(you)遺書而(er)子不獻,何(he)(he)以(yi)應朝命。矧今修(xiu)(xiu)史之(zhi)時,又值取書之(zhi)會,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)不揣谫陋,不避(bi)斧鉞,謹述故父(fu)遺表(biao)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)父(fu)時珍,幼多羸疾(ji),長成(cheng)鈍椎(zhui),耽嗜典籍,若啖蔗飴。考古證今,奮發編摩,苦志(zhi)辨疑訂(ding)誤,留心纂(zuan)(zuan)述諸書。伏念《本(ben)草》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書,關系頗重,注解群(qun)氏,謬誤亦多。行年三十,力(li)肆(si)校讎;歷歲七旬,功(gong)始成(cheng)就。野人炙背食芹(qin),尚欲(yu)獻之(zhi)天子;微臣(chen)(chen)(chen)采(cai)(cai)珠聚玉,敢不上之(zhi)明(ming)君。昔炎(yan)黃辨百(bai)谷(gu),嘗百(bai)草,而(er)分別氣味之(zhi)良毒;軒轅師岐伯(bo),遵伯(bo)高(gao),而(er)剖(pou)析經絡之(zhi)本(ben)標。遂(sui)有(you)《神農本(ben)草》三卷,《藝文》錄為(wei)醫家(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)經。
及漢末而(er)(er)李當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始加(jia)校修(xiu)(xiu),至(zhi)(zhi)梁末而(er)(er)陶(tao)弘景益以(yi)(yi)注釋,古(gu)藥三(san)百(bai)六十(shi)五(wu)種(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)應(ying)重(zhong)卦。唐(tang)高宗(zong)(zong)命(ming)司空李 重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),長史(shi)蘇(su)恭表請伏(fu)(fu)定,增(zeng)藥一百(bai)一十(shi)四種(zhong)(zhong)。宋太(tai)祖命(ming)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)官劉翰詳(xiang)校,宋仁宗(zong)(zong)再(zai)詔(zhao)補注,增(zeng)藥一百(bai)種(zhong)(zhong)。召醫(yi)(yi)(yi)唐(tang)慎微(wei)合為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《證類(lei)(lei)》,修(xiu)(xiu)補眾本草(cao)(cao)五(wu)百(bai)種(zhong)(zhong)。自(zi)是(shi)人皆指(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全書(shu),醫(yi)(yi)(yi)則目(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奧典。夷考(kao)其間, 瑕不少。有(you)當析(xi)(xi)而(er)(er)混(hun)者,如(ru)葳蕤、女葳,二物而(er)(er)并入一條(tiao);有(you)當并而(er)(er)析(xi)(xi)者,如(ru)南星(xing)、虎(hu)掌(zhang),一物而(er)(er)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二種(zhong)(zhong)。生(sheng)姜(jiang)、薯(shu)蕷,菜也,而(er)(er)列草(cao)(cao)品;檳榔、龍眼,果也,而(er)(er)列木部(bu)。八谷,生(sheng)民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)也,不能明辨其種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei);三(san)菘,日用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔬也,罔克的別其名(ming)稱。黑豆、赤菽,大(da)小同(tong)條(tiao);硝(xiao)石、芒(mang)硝(xiao),水火混(hun)注。以(yi)(yi)蘭花為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蘭草(cao)(cao),卷丹為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)合,此寇氏《衍義》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舛謬;謂黃精(jing)即鉤吻,旋(xuan)花即山(shan)姜(jiang),乃陶(tao)氏《別錄(lu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差訛(e)。酸漿、苦耽,草(cao)(cao)菜重(zhong)出,掌(zhang)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不審;天(tian)(tian)花、栝蔞,兩處圖形,蘇(su)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欠明。五(wu)倍子(zi),構蟲(chong)窠也,而(er)(er)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木實(shi);大(da) 草(cao)(cao),田字草(cao)(cao)也,而(er)(er)指(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)浮萍。似茲(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)(lei),不可枚陳,略(lve)摘一二,以(yi)(yi)見錯誤。若不類(lei)(lei)分品列,何(he)以(yi)(yi)印定群疑?臣(chen)(chen)不揣(chuai)猥愚(yu),僭肆刪述,重(zhong)復者芟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遺缺者補之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)磨刀(dao)水、潦(liao)水、桑柴(chai)火、艾火、鎖陽、山(shan)柰、土茯苓、番木鱉、金柑、樟(zhang)腦、蝎虎(hu)、狗蠅、白蠟(la)、水蛇、狗寶、秋蟲(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)(lei),并今方所(suo)用,而(er)(er)古(gu)本則無;三(san)七、地(di)羅、九(jiu)仙子(zi)、蜘(zhi)蛛香、豬(zhu)腰(yao)子(zi)、勾金皮(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)(lei),皆方物土苴,而(er)(er)稗官不載(zai)。今增(zeng)新藥,凡三(san)百(bai)七十(shi)四種(zhong)(zhong),類(lei)(lei)析(xi)(xi)舊本,分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一十(shi)六部(bu)。雖非集成(cheng),實(shi)亦粗備(bei)。有(you)數名(ming)或(huo)散見各部(bu),總標正名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),余各附釋為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu),正始也;次以(yi)(yi)集解、辨疑、正誤,詳(xiang)其出產形狀(zhuang)也;次以(yi)(yi)氣味、主治、附方,著(zhu)其體(ti)用也。上(shang)自(zi)墳典,下至(zhi)(zhi)傳(chuan)奇,凡有(you)相關,靡不收(shou)采,雖命(ming)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu),實(shi)該物理。我太(tai)祖高皇(huang)帝(di)(di)首(shou)設醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan),重(zhong)設醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學,沛仁心(xin)仁術(shu)于九(jiu)有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中;世宗(zong)(zong)肅(su)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)既(ji)刻(ke)《醫(yi)(yi)(yi)方選要(yao)》,又刻(ke)《衛生(sheng)易簡》,藹(ai)仁政仁聲于率(lv)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠(yuan)。伏(fu)(fu)愿皇(huang)帝(di)(di)陛(bi)下體(ti)道守(shou)成(cheng),遵(zun)祖繼志;當離明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正位,司考(kao)文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)權。留(liu)情民(min)(min)(min)瘼(mo),再(zai)修(xiu)(xiu)司命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu);特詔(zhao)良(liang)臣(chen)(chen),著(zhu)成(cheng)昭(zhao)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典。治身以(yi)(yi)治天(tian)(tian)下,書(shu)當與日月(yue)爭光;壽(shou)國以(yi)(yi)壽(shou)萬民(min)(min)(min),臣(chen)(chen)不與草(cao)(cao)木同(tong)朽。臣(chen)(chen)不勝(sheng)冀望屏營(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)。臣(chen)(chen)建元(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此一得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愚(yu),上(shang)干九(jiu)重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)覽,或(huo)準(zhun)行(xing)禮(li)部(bu)轉(zhuan)發史(shi)館采擇,或(huo)行(xing)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),父(fu)子(zi)銜恩,存歿均戴(dai)。臣(chen)(chen)無任瞻天(tian)(tian)仰(yang)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)。
章節目錄
第一卷 序例
第二卷 序例
第三卷 百(bai)病主治藥
第四卷 百病主治藥(yao)
第五卷 水部
第六卷 火部
第七卷 土部
第八卷 金石部
第九卷 金石部
第十卷 金石部
第十(shi)一卷 金(jin)石部
第十二卷 草部
第十三卷 草部
第十四卷 草部
第十五卷 草部
第十六卷 草部
第十七卷 草部
第十八卷 草部
第十九卷 草部
第二十卷 草部
第(di)二十一卷 草部
第二(er)十(shi)二(er)卷 谷部
第二十(shi)三(san)卷(juan) 谷部
第二十四卷 谷部(bu)
第(di)二十五卷 谷(gu)部(bu)
第(di)二十(shi)六卷 菜部
第(di)二十七(qi)卷(juan) 菜部(bu)
第二十(shi)八(ba)卷 菜部(bu)
第二(er)十九卷 果(guo)部
第三十卷 果部
第三十一卷(juan) 果(guo)部
第(di)三十二(er)卷 果部
第三(san)十三(san)卷 果部
第三十四卷 木(mu)部
第三(san)十五卷(juan) 木部
第三十六卷 木部
第三十(shi)七卷(juan) 木部
第三十八卷 服(fu)器部
第(di)三十九(jiu)卷 蟲部
第四十卷 蟲部
第四十一(yi)卷(juan) 蟲部
第四十(shi)二(er)卷 蟲(chong)部
第四十三卷 鱗部
第(di)四十四卷 鱗部
第四(si)十五卷 介(jie)部
第四十(shi)六卷 介部(bu)
第四十(shi)七卷 禽部
第四十八卷 禽部
第四十九卷(juan) 禽部
第五十卷 獸部
第五十一卷 獸部(bu)
第五十二卷 人部
內容簡介
全書(shu)首(shou)列(lie)(lie)(lie)總目、凡例、附圖。卷(juan)一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)二為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)序例,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)歷(li)(li)代(dai)諸家(jia)(jia)本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)及中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)等(deng)(deng)內容(rong)。首(shou)先列(lie)(lie)(lie)舉《神農本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)經(jing)(jing)》、《名(ming)(ming)(ming)醫(yi)別(bie)(bie)錄》、《雷(lei)公(gong)炮(pao)(pao)炙論(lun)(lun)(lun)》、《唐本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)》等(deng)(deng)四(si)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)著作,并(bing)(bing)(bing)加(jia)簡要(yao)(yao)評介(jie),基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)反映出明(ming)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)學(xue)發(fa)展概況;另又(you)(you)附列(lie)(lie)(lie)引(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)醫(yi)書(shu)二百(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)種(zhong)(zhong),經(jing)(jing)史百(bai)(bai)家(jia)(jia)書(shu)籍四(si)百(bai)(bai)四(si)十(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong),共計七(qi)百(bai)(bai)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)。通(tong)過引(yin)(yin)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)人(ren)專(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)如(ru)神農本(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)例、陶(tao)隱居名(ming)(ming)(ming)醫(yi)別(bie)(bie)錄合(he)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)劑法(fa)(fa)則(ze)(ze)、采(cai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)六氣(qi)(qi)歲物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、七(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)十(shi)(shi)劑、五(wu)(wu)味(wei)宜忌(ji)(ji)、五(wu)(wu)味(wei)偏勝、標(biao)(biao)本(ben)(ben)(ben)陰陽、升降浮沉、臟(zang)腑虛(xu)實(shi)標(biao)(biao)本(ben)(ben)(ben)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)式、引(yin)(yin)經(jing)(jing)報使(shi)、相須相使(shi)相畏(wei)相惡諸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、相反諸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、服藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)食忌(ji)(ji)、妊娠禁(jin)忌(ji)(ji)、飲(yin)食禁(jin)忌(ji)(ji)、李東垣隨證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)凡例、張子(zi)和(he)汗吐(tu)(tu)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)、陳藏器諸虛(xu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)凡例等(deng)(deng),使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)獲得系統整理(li)(li)。卷(juan)三卷(juan)四(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)病(bing)主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi),大(da)致沿襲宋以(yi)(yi)前(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)“諸病(bing)通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”舊例,以(yi)(yi)諸風(feng)(feng)等(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)十(shi)(shi)三種(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),分(fen)列(lie)(lie)(lie)主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),或(huo)于病(bing)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)下(xia)再(zai)分(fen)若干(gan)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),類(lei)(lei)(lei)列(lie)(lie)(lie)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa),復設草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)部(bu)、菜(cai)部(bu)、果木(mu)等(deng)(deng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)綱(gang)(gang),并(bing)(bing)(bing)詳(xiang)其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi),編次(ci)有(you)(you)序,便于臨證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)參考。卷(juan)五(wu)(wu)至卷(juan)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)二為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)各論(lun)(lun)(lun),總目原稱(cheng)載(zai)(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)千八百(bai)(bai)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)二種(zhong)(zhong),經(jing)(jing)實(shi)核為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)千八百(bai)(bai)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)。各論(lun)(lun)(lun)均(jun)以(yi)(yi)“部(bu)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),以(yi)(yi)“類(lei)(lei)(lei)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei),分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水、火、土、金石、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、谷(gu)、菜(cai)、果、木(mu)、服器、蟲、鱗、介(jie)、禽、獸、人(ren)等(deng)(deng)十(shi)(shi)六部(bu),每(mei)(mei)部(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)均(jun)有(you)(you)簡要(yao)(yao)論(lun)(lun)(lun)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。各部(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)再(zai)分(fen)若干(gan)類(lei)(lei)(lei),如(ru)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、芳草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、隰草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、毒(du)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、蔓草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、水草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、石草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、苔(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei),凡六十(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)。每(mei)(mei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)均(jun)標(biao)(biao)注首(shou)載(zai)(zai)文獻(xian)出處(chu),若有(you)(you)歸類(lei)(lei)(lei)變更(geng)或(huo)并(bing)(bing)(bing)入(ru)某藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe),則(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)校(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)說(shuo)明(ming);下(xia)設釋名(ming)(ming)(ming)、集(ji)(ji)解(jie)、辨(bian)題或(huo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)誤(wu)、修治(zhi)(zhi)、氣(qi)(qi)味(wei)、主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)、發(fa)明(ming)、附方(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)(deng)欄目解(jie)說(shuo)。“釋名(ming)(ming)(ming)”下(xia)列(lie)(lie)(lie)舉別(bie)(bie)名(ming)(ming)(ming),并(bing)(bing)(bing)釋命名(ming)(ming)(ming)意義;“集(ji)(ji)解(jie)”介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)產(chan)地、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、形態、采(cai)收等(deng)(deng);“辨(bian)疑正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)誤(wu)”對歷(li)(li)代(dai)本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)有(you)(you)疑誤(wu)者(zhe)予以(yi)(yi)辨(bian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng);“修治(zhi)(zhi)”闡(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)炮(pao)(pao)制方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa);“氣(qi)(qi)味(wei)”闡(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)性(xing)味(wei)及有(you)(you)毒(du)無毒(du);“主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)”包(bao)(bao)括功效(xiao);“發(fa)明(ming)”側重闡(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)點(dian)及李氏學(xue)術(shu)見解(jie);“附方(fang)(fang)(fang)”廣錄以(yi)(yi)該藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)各科病(bing)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)劑。本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)在(zai)唐慎微《經(jing)(jing)史證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)備(bei)急本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)》基(ji)礎上,進行(xing)大(da)量(liang)整理(li)(li)、補(bu)充,并(bing)(bing)(bing)載(zai)(zai)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)李氏發(fa)明(ming)與(yu)(yu)學(xue)術(shu)見解(jie)。其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)成(cheng)就(jiu)包(bao)(bao)括:集(ji)(ji)我國16世(shi)(shi)紀前(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)成(cheng),該書(shu)首(shou)先介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)歷(li)(li)代(dai)本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)和(he)所載(zai)(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),又(you)(you)首(shou)次(ci)載(zai)(zai)入(ru)民(min)間和(he)外(wai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)三百(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong),如(ru)三七(qi)、半(ban)邊蓮、醉魚草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、大(da)風(feng)(feng)子(zi)等(deng)(deng),并(bing)(bing)(bing)附方(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)萬一(yi)(yi)千零九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)六則(ze)(ze)。顯示(shi)當時最先進的(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)法(fa)(fa),除列(lie)(lie)(lie)“一(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)六部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),六十(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目”外(wai),還(huan)包(bao)(bao)括每(mei)(mei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“標(biao)(biao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),列(lie)(lie)(lie)事為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目”,即每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)列(lie)(lie)(lie)釋名(ming)(ming)(ming)、集(ji)(ji)解(jie)等(deng)(deng)項(xiang),如(ru)“標(biao)(biao)龍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),而齒、角、骨、腦、胎、涎皆列(lie)(lie)(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目”;又(you)(you)有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),而不(bu)同部(bu)位為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目。特(te)別(bie)(bie)是在(zai)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),從(cong)(cong)(cong)無機到(dao)有(you)(you)機,從(cong)(cong)(cong)低等(deng)(deng)到(dao)高等(deng)(deng),基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)符合(he)進化(hua)(hua)論(lun)(lun)(lun)觀(guan)點(dian)。全面(mian)(mian)闡(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)所載(zai)(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)知識,對各種(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設立若干(gan)專(zhuan)項(xiang),分(fen)別(bie)(bie)介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)、歷(li)(li)史、形態、鑒別(bie)(bie)、采(cai)集(ji)(ji)、加(jia)工(gong),以(yi)(yi)及藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)、功效(xiao)、主(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)、組方(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng);同時引(yin)(yin)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)自《本(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)(jing)》迄元(yuan)(yuan)明(ming)時期(qi)各家(jia)(jia)學(xue)說(shuo),內容(rong)豐富而有(you)(you)系統。對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)有(you)(you)所發(fa)明(ming),書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)強調對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)應(ying)(ying)該辨(bian)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),如(ru)藜蘆條(tiao)下(xia)稱(cheng)“吐(tu)(tu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)一(yi)(yi),常山吐(tu)(tu)瘧痰,瓜丁吐(tu)(tu)熱痰,烏附尖吐(tu)(tu)濕(shi)(shi)痰,萊菔子(zi)吐(tu)(tu)氣(qi)(qi)痰,藜蘆則(ze)(ze)吐(tu)(tu)風(feng)(feng)痰者(zhe)也”。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦有(you)(you)前(qian)人(ren)所未論(lun)(lun)(lun)及之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)言和(he)精辟理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun),如(ru)辛(xin)夷(yi)條(tiao)下(xia)有(you)(you)“腦為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)神之(zhi)(zhi)府”之(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)(lun)(lun),橘皮(pi)條(tiao)下(xia)稱(cheng)“脾(pi)乃(nai)元(yuan)(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)母(mu),肺乃(nai)攝氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)龠”等(deng)(deng)。書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對過去本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)書(shu)籍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)將兩(liang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)誤(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe),如(ru)葳蕤與(yu)(yu)女萎;一(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)而誤(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe),如(ru)天(tian)南星(xing)與(yu)(yu)虎(hu)掌;品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)混(hun)淆不(bu)清(qing)者(zhe),如(ru)百(bai)(bai)合(he)與(yu)(yu)卷(juan)丹;藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)部(bu)位失(shi)(shi)真(zhen)者(zhe),如(ru)五(wu)(wu)倍子(zi)誤(wu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)果實(shi);藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)歸類(lei)(lei)(lei)不(bu)當者(zhe),如(ru)將薯蕷(yu)列(lie)(lie)(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng),均(jun)予以(yi)(yi)澄清(qing)更(geng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對妄(wang)圖長生(sheng)不(bu)老,服食丹石成(cheng)風(feng)(feng)現象(xiang)進行(xing)了(le)批(pi)判(pan),對黃連、澤(ze)瀉服之(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)仙,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)子(zi)可以(yi)(yi)變魚等(deng)(deng)說(shuo),亦作了(le)駁斥。本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)雖為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)專(zhuan)書(shu),但涉及范圍廣泛,對植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)、動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)、礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)學(xue)、化(hua)(hua)學(xue)、農學(xue)等(deng)(deng)內容(rong)亦有(you)(you)很(hen)多(duo)記(ji)載(zai)(zai)。如(ru)在(zai)礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)對石油的(de)產(chan)地、性(xing)狀作了(le)詳(xiang)細(xi)記(ji)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);在(zai)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),闡(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)了(le)檢驗石膽真(zhen)偽的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa);在(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)學(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),從(cong)(cong)(cong)空氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)濕(shi)(shi)度變化(hua)(hua),以(yi)(yi)推測雨量(liang)的(de)大(da)小(xiao);在(zai)農學(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),闡(chan)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁接技(ji)術(shu),以(yi)(yi)改良果樹(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)通(tong)過對藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)探索與(yu)(yu)考證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),闡(chan)明(ming)某些漢字的(de)字形、讀(du)音(yin);也載(zai)(zai)述(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)些少數民(min)族(zu)和(he)其(qi)(qi)他國家(jia)(jia)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)讀(du)音(yin)和(he)含義。還(huan)記(ji)載(zai)(zai)契(qi)丹族(zu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)羊(yang)皮(pi)、羊(yang)骨占卜(bu)和(he)寫字,吐(tu)(tu)番人(ren)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)燕(yan)脂化(hua)(hua)妝等(deng)(deng)習(xi)俗(su),蒙(meng)古族(zu)裹于牛(niu)皮(pi)內治(zhi)(zhi)療外(wai)傷(shang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)保存了(le)16世(shi)(shi)紀以(yi)(yi)前(qian)大(da)量(liang)文獻(xian)資料,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)的(de)原書(shu)已佚失(shi)(shi),有(you)(you)關資料可從(cong)(cong)(cong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)得以(yi)(yi)窺(kui)見。
影響評價
本(ben)書(shu)刊行(xing)后,促進了本(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)學的進一(yi)步發(fa)展,倪朱謨的《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)匯言》、趙(zhao)學敏的《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)綱目拾遺》、黃宮繡的《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)求真》等,均是在其(qi)(qi)學說啟示下而著成的本(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)典(dian)籍。達爾文(Chrles Robert Darwin)在其(qi)(qi)著作中亦多次引用本(ben)書(shu)的資料,并稱(cheng)之(zhi)為“古代中國百科全書(shu)”。英國李約瑟( Joseph Needham)稱(cheng)贊(zan)李時珍為“藥物學界中之(zhi)王子”。本(ben)書(shu)為本(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)學集大成之(zhi)作。刊行(xing)后,很快流傳到朝(chao)鮮、日(ri)本(ben)等國,后又先(xian)后被(bei)譯成日(ri)、朝(chao)、拉丁、英、法、德、俄等文字。