成書背景
李(li)時珍(zhen)念本(ben)草一(yi)書歷代注解者謬誤(wu)亦多,遂考古證今,辨(bian)疑訂誤(wu),廣采博收群書,在(zai)宋代唐慎(shen)微《經史證類備(bei)急(ji)本(ben)草》基礎上編成此書。
流傳版本
《本(ben)草綱目(mu)》版(ban)本(ben)頗多,除國(guo)外各種(zhong)全譯(yi)或(huo)節譯(yi)本(ben)外,國(guo)內(nei)現存約(yue)七十二(er)(er)種(zhong),大致可(ke)分為(wei)“一(yi)(yi)祖三(san)系(xi)(xi)(xi)”,即祖本(ben)(金陵(ling)本(ben)、攝(she)元堂本(ben))及(ji)江(jiang)西(xi)本(ben)、錢本(ben)、張本(ben)三(san)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統。江(jiang)西(xi)本(ben)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統,主(zhu)要為(wei)明萬(wan)歷(li)三(san)十一(yi)(yi)年(1603)夏良心、張鼎(ding)思(si)刻(ke)本(ben)等;錢本(ben)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統,主(zhu)要為(wei)明崇禎十三(san)年(1640)錢蔚(yu)起杭州六有堂刻(ke)本(ben),并改繪藥(yao)圖,以及(ji)清順治十二(er)(er)年(1655)吳毓昌(chang)太(tai)和堂本(ben),乾隆(long)間(jian)《四(si)庫(ku)全書》本(ben)即據此本(ben)抄錄(lu);張本(ben)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統,主(zhu)要為(wei)清光緒十一(yi)(yi)年(1885)張紹棠南京(jing)味古齋刻(ke)本(ben),文字參校(xiao)江(jiang)西(xi)本(ben)、錢本(ben),藥(yao)圖改繪后增加十余幅,并附(fu)《本(ben)草綱目(mu)拾(shi)遺》。1957年人民衛生(sheng)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)社(she)本(ben)即據張本(ben)影印(yin),晚近通(tong)行本(ben)為(wei)1977年人民衛生(sheng)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)社(she)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)劉(liu)衡(heng)如校(xiao)點本(ben),1993年上(shang)海(hai)科(ke)學技(ji)術出(chu)(chu)版(ban)社(she)金陵(ling)本(ben)影印(yin)本(ben)。
校注、整理
《本(ben)草綱目(mu)》現有劉衡如(ru)、劉山永(yong)校注本(ben)。
作者簡介
李(li)時珍(約(yue)1518~1593)明代杰出醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)家。字東(dong)璧,晚(wan)號(hao)瀕(bin)湖山人(ren)(ren)。蘄(qi)州(今湖北蘄(qi)春)人(ren)(ren)。世業醫(yi)(yi),父言聞,有(you)醫(yi)(yi)名(ming)。幼習(xi)儒(ru),三次(ci)應(ying)鄉試不(bu)中(zhong)。師事顧日巖,讀書(shu)(shu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。受家庭熏陶(tao),兼好醫(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu),遂精(jing)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)。千里就醫(yi)(yi)于門,立活(huo)不(bu)取(qu)值。楚王聞之(zhi),聘為(wei)奉祠,掌良醫(yi)(yi)所(suo)事。世子(zi)(zi)暴(bao)厥,治之(zhi)即甦(su)。經(jing)推薦(jian),赴京師太(tai)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)供職一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),或云(yun)嘗授太(tai)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)院(yuan)判之(zhi)職。晚(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)因子(zi)(zi)建(jian)中(zhong)為(wei)官,遂進封文(wen)林郎、四川(chuan)省蓬溪(xi)知縣。念本草一(yi)書(shu)(shu)歷(li)代注解者謬誤亦(yi)多,遂考古證今,辨疑訂(ding)誤,廣采(cai)博收(shou)群書(shu)(shu),奮(fen)發編修(xiu)。自嘉(jia)靖(jing)三十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1552年(nian)(nian)(nian))至萬歷(li)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1578年(nian)(nian)(nian)),歷(li)時二(er)十(shi)七(qi)載(zai),三易其稿,著成《本草綱目》五十(shi)二(er)卷,初刊于金陵。子(zi)(zi)建(jian)中(zhong)、建(jian)元、建(jian)木及諸孫皆參與繪制藥(yao)(yao)圖(tu),孫樹(shu)宗、樹(shu)聲為(wei)之(zhi)校(xiao)對(dui)。甫及刻(ke)成,時珍即逝(shi)。對(dui)脈學(xue)(xue)亦(yi)深(shen)有(you)研究,所(suo)撰(zhuan)《瀕(bin)湖脈學(xue)(xue)》(1564年(nian)(nian)(nian))能(neng)融會先賢脈學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)精(jing)華(hua),刪繁(fan)去(qu)蕪,講求實用,論述較為(wei)通俗(su)簡要,以韻體(ti)文(wen)寫成,便于記(ji)誦。此書(shu)(shu)歸納脈象為(wei)二(er)十(shi)七(qi)種,各(ge)撰(zhuan)體(ti)狀詩、相(xiang)類詩、主病詩。另著有(you)《奇經(jing)八脈考》(1572年(nian)(nian)(nian)),于奇經(jing)循行路線及證治規律闡發尤多。已佚醫(yi)(yi)著有(you)《三焦(jiao)客難(nan)》、《命門考》(或以為(wei)實系一(yi)書(shu)(shu))、《五臟圖(tu)論》《瀕(bin)湖醫(yi)(yi)案》《瀕(bin)湖集簡方》等。次(ci)子(zi)(zi)建(jian)元,從父業醫(yi)(yi),有(you)醫(yi)(yi)名(ming)。父卒,獻《本草綱目》于朝(chao)廷。四子(zi)(zi)建(jian)方,精(jing)醫(yi)(yi),中(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)入選(xuan)太(tai)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)醫(yi)(yi)士(shi)。弟子(zi)(zi)龐鹿門,傳其醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue);瞿九思,傳其儒(ru)學(xue)(xue)。
書評、序言
《本(ben)草綱目》原(yuan)序
紀稱(cheng):望(wang)龍(long)(long)光,知(zhi)古劍(jian);覘寶(bao)氣(qi),辨(bian)明珠。故萍(ping)實商羊,非天(tian)(tian)明莫洞。厥后博(bo)物稱(cheng)華(hua),辨(bian)字稱(cheng)康(kang),析寶(bao)玉稱(cheng)倚頓(dun),亦僅僅晨星耳。楚(chu)蘄(qi)陽李君東璧,一(yi)(yi)(yi)日過予(yu) 山(shan)園謁(ye)予(yu),留飲數(shu)有《本(ben)草綱目(mu)(mu)》數(shu)十(shi)卷。謂予(yu)曰(yue)(yue)∶時珍,荊楚(chu)鄙(bi)人也(ye)(ye)(ye)。幼多羸疾(ji),質成鈍椎;長耽典籍,若啖(dan)蔗(zhe)飴。遂漁獵群書,搜羅百(bai)(bai)氏(shi)。凡子、史、經、傳、聲韻、農圃(pu)、醫(yi)卜、星相(xiang)、樂府諸(zhu)家,稍有得(de)處,輒著(zhu)數(shu)言(yan)(yan)。古有《本(ben)草》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書,自炎黃及(ji)漢、梁(liang)、唐、宋,下(xia)迨(dai)國朝(chao),注解(jie)群氏(shi)舊矣。第其中舛謬差訛遺漏,不(bu)可(ke)枚(mei)數(shu)。乃(nai)敢奮編摩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi),僭(jian)纂述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權。歲歷三(san)十(shi)稔,書考(kao)八(ba)百(bai)(bai)余(yu)家,稿(gao)凡三(san)易。復者(zhe)芟(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),闕者(zhe)緝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),訛者(zhe)繩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。舊本(ben)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千五百(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)八(ba)種(zhong)(zhong),今增(zeng)藥(yao)三(san)百(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)四種(zhong)(zhong),分為一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)六(liu)部,著(zhu)成五十(shi)二卷。雖(sui)非集成,亦粗大備(bei),僭(jian)名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)《本(ben)草綱目(mu)(mu)》。愿(yuan)乞(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan),以(yi)托不(bu)朽(xiu)。予(yu)開卷細玩,每藥(yao)標正(zheng)名(ming)為綱,附釋(shi)名(ming)為目(mu)(mu),正(zheng)始也(ye)(ye)(ye);次(ci)以(yi)集解(jie)、辨(bian)疑、正(zheng)誤,詳其土(tu)產形狀也(ye)(ye)(ye);次(ci)以(yi)氣(qi)味、主治、附方,著(zhu)其體用也(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)自墳典,下(xia)及(ji)傳奇,凡有相(xiang)關(guan),靡不(bu)備(bei)采。如(ru)(ru)入金谷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)園,種(zhong)(zhong)色奪目(mu)(mu);如(ru)(ru)登龍(long)(long)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宮,寶(bao)藏悉陳;如(ru)(ru)對冰壺(hu)玉鑒,毛發可(ke)指數(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。博(bo)而不(bu)繁,詳而有要(yao),綜核(he)究竟(jing),直窺淵海。茲豈(qi)僅以(yi)醫(yi)書覯(gou)哉?實性(xing)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精微,格物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《通(tong)典》,帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘 ,臣民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重寶(bao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。李君用心嘉惠何(he)勤哉!噫,碔玉莫剖,朱紫相(xiang)傾,弊(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)久矣。故辨(bian)專車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骨(gu),必(bi)俟魯(lu)儒;博(bo)支機(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石,必(bi)訪賣(mai)卜。予(yu)方著(zhu)《 州卮(zhi)言(yan)(yan)》,恚博(bo)古如(ru)(ru)《丹鉛卮(zhi)言(yan)(yan)》后乏人也(ye)(ye)(ye),何(he)幸(xing)睹茲集哉!茲集也(ye)(ye)(ye),藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)山(shan)石室無當,盍(he)鍥(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)共天(tian)(tian)下(xia)后世(shi)味《太玄》如(ru)(ru)子云者(zhe)。
時萬歷(li)歲(sui)庚寅春(chun)上元日弇州山人鳳(feng)洲(zhou)王世貞(zhen)拜撰。
進《本草綱(gang)目》疏
湖(hu)廣黃州(zhou)府儒學(xue)增廣生員(yuan)李(li)建元(yuan)謹奏,為(wei)遵(zun)(zun)奉(feng)明例訪(fang)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),進(jin)獻(xian)《本草(cao)》以備(bei)采(cai)(cai)擇(ze)事(shi)。臣(chen)(chen)伏(fu)讀禮部(bu)儀制司勘合一款,恭請圣明敕(chi)儒臣(chen)(chen)開書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)局纂修正史,移文中外。凡(fan)名家(jia)著(zhu)述,有(you)關(guan)國家(jia)典(dian)章,及(ji)紀(ji)君臣(chen)(chen)事(shi)跡,他(ta)如天文、樂律、醫(yi)術、方技諸(zhu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),但成(cheng)一家(jia)名言,可以垂于方來(lai)者(zhe),即訪(fang)求(qiu)解送,以備(bei)采(cai)(cai)入《藝文志(zhi)(zhi)》。如已刻(ke)行者(zhe),即刷印(yin)一部(bu)送部(bu)。或其(qi)家(jia)自欲(yu)進(jin)獻(xian)者(zhe),聽任奉(feng)此。臣(chen)(chen)故父李(li)時珍,原任楚府奉(feng)祠,奉(feng)敕(chi)進(jin)封文林(lin)郎、四川(chuan)蓬(peng)溪知縣。生平(ping)篤學(xue),刻(ke)意纂修。曾著(zhu)《本草(cao)》一部(bu),甫及(ji)刻(ke)成(cheng),忽值數(shu)盡,撰有(you)遺(yi)表,令臣(chen)(chen)代(dai)獻(xian)。臣(chen)(chen)切思之(zhi)(zhi):父有(you)遺(yi)命(ming)而(er)子不遵(zun)(zun),何以承先志(zhi)(zhi);父有(you)遺(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)而(er)子不獻(xian),何以應朝命(ming)。矧今修史之(zhi)(zhi)時,又值取書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)會,臣(chen)(chen)不揣谫陋,不避斧(fu)鉞,謹述故父遺(yi)表。臣(chen)(chen)父時珍,幼多羸疾(ji),長成(cheng)鈍椎,耽嗜典(dian)籍,若啖蔗飴。考古證今,奮發編摩,苦志(zhi)(zhi)辨疑訂誤,留心纂述諸(zhu)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。伏(fu)念《本草(cao)》一書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),關(guan)系頗重,注解群氏,謬誤亦多。行年三(san)十(shi),力肆校(xiao)讎;歷歲七(qi)旬,功始(shi)成(cheng)就(jiu)。野人炙背食(shi)芹,尚(shang)欲(yu)獻(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)天子;微臣(chen)(chen)采(cai)(cai)珠(zhu)聚玉,敢(gan)不上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)明君。昔炎(yan)黃辨百谷,嘗百草(cao),而(er)分別(bie)氣(qi)味(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)良毒;軒轅師岐伯,遵(zun)(zun)伯高,而(er)剖(pou)析經絡之(zhi)(zhi)本標(biao)。遂有(you)《神(shen)農(nong)本草(cao)》三(san)卷,《藝文》錄為(wei)醫(yi)家(jia)一經。
及漢末而(er)(er)(er)(er)李(li)當(dang)(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)加校修,至(zhi)梁末而(er)(er)(er)(er)陶(tao)弘景(jing)益以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)注釋(shi),古(gu)藥(yao)三(san)百(bai)(bai)六十(shi)(shi)五種,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)應重(zhong)(zhong)卦(gua)。唐高(gao)宗(zong)命(ming)司空李(li) 重(zhong)(zhong)修,長史(shi)蘇(su)恭(gong)表請伏定(ding),增(zeng)(zeng)藥(yao)一百(bai)(bai)一十(shi)(shi)四(si)種。宋太(tai)祖(zu)命(ming)醫(yi)(yi)官劉翰詳校,宋仁(ren)宗(zong)再詔(zhao)補注,增(zeng)(zeng)藥(yao)一百(bai)(bai)種。召醫(yi)(yi)唐慎微(wei)合為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《證類(lei)》,修補眾本(ben)(ben)草(cao)五百(bai)(bai)種。自是(shi)人(ren)皆指(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全書,醫(yi)(yi)則目為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奧典。夷考其(qi)(qi)間, 瑕不(bu)少。有當(dang)(dang)析(xi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)混者(zhe),如葳蕤、女(nv)葳,二物而(er)(er)(er)(er)并入一條;有當(dang)(dang)并而(er)(er)(er)(er)析(xi)者(zhe),如南星、虎掌,一物而(er)(er)(er)(er)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二種。生姜、薯蕷,菜也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)列草(cao)品(pin);檳榔、龍眼,果也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)列木(mu)部(bu)。八谷,生民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)能明(ming)辨其(qi)(qi)種類(lei);三(san)菘,日(ri)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔬也(ye)(ye)(ye),罔克的別(bie)其(qi)(qi)名稱。黑豆、赤菽,大(da)小同條;硝石、芒硝,水(shui)火混注。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)蘭(lan)花(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蘭(lan)草(cao),卷丹為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)合,此(ci)寇氏(shi)《衍義》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舛謬;謂黃精即鉤(gou)吻,旋花(hua)(hua)即山姜,乃陶(tao)氏(shi)《別(bie)錄》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差訛。酸(suan)漿、苦耽(dan),草(cao)菜重(zhong)(zhong)出,掌氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)審;天花(hua)(hua)、栝(gua)蔞,兩處圖形,蘇(su)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欠明(ming)。五倍(bei)子(zi),構蟲窠也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)實;大(da) 草(cao),田字(zi)草(cao)也(ye)(ye)(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)指(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)浮萍。似(si)茲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei),不(bu)可枚陳,略摘一二,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)見錯誤。若不(bu)類(lei)分品(pin)列,何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)印定(ding)群疑?臣(chen)(chen)不(bu)揣猥愚(yu)(yu),僭肆刪述,重(zhong)(zhong)復(fu)者(zhe)芟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遺缺者(zhe)補之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如磨刀水(shui)、潦水(shui)、桑柴火、艾火、鎖陽(yang)、山柰、土(tu)茯(fu)苓、番木(mu)鱉、金(jin)柑、樟腦、蝎(xie)虎、狗蠅、白蠟、水(shui)蛇、狗寶、秋蟲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei),并今方所(suo)用,而(er)(er)(er)(er)古(gu)本(ben)(ben)則無(wu)(wu);三(san)七、地羅、九仙(xian)子(zi)、蜘(zhi)蛛香、豬腰子(zi)、勾金(jin)皮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei),皆方物土(tu)苴,而(er)(er)(er)(er)稗(bai)官不(bu)載(zai)。今增(zeng)(zeng)新(xin)藥(yao),凡三(san)百(bai)(bai)七十(shi)(shi)四(si)種,類(lei)析(xi)舊本(ben)(ben),分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一十(shi)(shi)六部(bu)。雖非(fei)集(ji)成(cheng),實亦粗備。有數名或散(san)見各部(bu),總標(biao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱,余(yu)各附(fu)釋(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目,正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye);次以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)集(ji)解(jie)、辨疑、正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)誤,詳其(qi)(qi)出產形狀也(ye)(ye)(ye);次以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氣味(wei)、主治、附(fu)方,著其(qi)(qi)體用也(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)自墳典,下至(zhi)傳(chuan)奇,凡有相關,靡不(bu)收采,雖命(ming)醫(yi)(yi)書,實該物理(li)。我太(tai)祖(zu)高(gao)皇(huang)帝(di)首設醫(yi)(yi)院,重(zhong)(zhong)設醫(yi)(yi)學(xue),沛仁(ren)心(xin)仁(ren)術于(yu)九有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong);世宗(zong)肅皇(huang)帝(di)既刻《醫(yi)(yi)方選要》,又刻《衛生易簡(jian)》,藹仁(ren)政(zheng)仁(ren)聲于(yu)率土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠。伏愿皇(huang)帝(di)陛下體道守成(cheng),遵祖(zu)繼(ji)志;當(dang)(dang)離(li)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)位,司考文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)權。留情民(min)瘼,再修司命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書;特(te)詔(zhao)良(liang)臣(chen)(chen),著成(cheng)昭代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典。治身以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治天下,書當(dang)(dang)與日(ri)月爭光(guang);壽(shou)(shou)國以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)壽(shou)(shou)萬民(min),臣(chen)(chen)不(bu)與草(cao)木(mu)同朽。臣(chen)(chen)不(bu)勝冀望屏營之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)。臣(chen)(chen)建(jian)元為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)一得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愚(yu)(yu),上(shang)干九重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)覽,或準行禮部(bu)轉發(fa)史(shi)館采擇,或行醫(yi)(yi)院重(zhong)(zhong)修,父子(zi)銜恩,存歿(mo)均戴。臣(chen)(chen)無(wu)(wu)任瞻(zhan)天仰圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)。
章節目錄
第一卷 序例
第二卷 序例
第三卷 百病主治藥
第四(si)卷 百病(bing)主治藥(yao)
第五卷 水部
第六卷 火部
第七卷 土部
第八卷 金石部
第九卷 金石部
第十卷 金石部
第十一(yi)卷 金石部
第十二卷 草部
第十三卷 草部
第十四卷 草部
第十五卷 草部
第十六卷 草部
第十七卷 草部
第十八卷 草部
第十九卷 草部
第二十卷 草部
第二(er)十一卷 草(cao)部
第二十二卷 谷部
第二(er)十三卷 谷部
第(di)二(er)十(shi)四卷 谷部
第二十五(wu)卷(juan) 谷部
第二十六(liu)卷 菜(cai)部(bu)
第二十(shi)七卷 菜部
第二十八卷 菜(cai)部
第(di)二十(shi)九卷(juan) 果部
第三十卷 果部
第三(san)十一卷 果部(bu)
第三(san)十二(er)卷 果部
第三十三卷 果部
第(di)三十四卷 木部
第三十五卷 木部
第三(san)十六卷 木部
第(di)三十七卷 木部
第三十八卷(juan) 服器部
第三(san)十(shi)九卷 蟲部
第四十卷 蟲部
第四十一卷 蟲(chong)部
第四十二(er)卷 蟲部
第四(si)十三卷 鱗(lin)部
第四十四卷(juan) 鱗部
第(di)四十五卷 介部(bu)
第四十六卷 介部(bu)
第(di)四十(shi)七卷 禽部
第(di)四十(shi)八卷(juan) 禽部
第四十九卷(juan) 禽部
第五十卷 獸部
第五十一卷 獸部
第五十二卷 人部
內容簡介
全(quan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)首(shou)列(lie)總(zong)目(mu)(mu)、凡(fan)例(li)、附(fu)(fu)圖(tu)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)二(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)序(xu)(xu)例(li),主(zhu)(zhu)要介(jie)紹(shao)歷(li)代(dai)諸(zhu)家本草(cao)(cao)(cao)及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基本理(li)論(lun)(lun)等(deng)內容(rong)。首(shou)先(xian)列(lie)舉(ju)《神農本草(cao)(cao)(cao)經(jing)(jing)》、《名(ming)(ming)(ming)醫(yi)(yi)別(bie)錄(lu)》、《雷(lei)公炮炙論(lun)(lun)》、《唐本草(cao)(cao)(cao)》等(deng)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)本草(cao)(cao)(cao)著作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),并加(jia)簡要評(ping)介(jie),基本反映(ying)出明(ming)代(dai)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)本草(cao)(cao)(cao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)發展概況;另(ling)又附(fu)(fu)列(lie)引(yin)(yin)用(yong)(yong)醫(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong),經(jing)(jing)史百(bai)(bai)(bai)家書(shu)(shu)(shu)籍四(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong),共計七(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)。通過引(yin)(yin)述(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)(qian)人專(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)如(ru)神農本經(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)例(li)、陶隱居(ju)名(ming)(ming)(ming)醫(yi)(yi)別(bie)錄(lu)合藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)劑法(fa)則、采藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分六(liu)(liu)(liu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)歲物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、七(qi)(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十(shi)(shi)劑、五味(wei)宜(yi)忌(ji)、五味(wei)偏勝、標(biao)(biao)本陰陽、升降(jiang)浮沉、臟腑(fu)虛(xu)實(shi)標(biao)(biao)本用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)式、引(yin)(yin)經(jing)(jing)報(bao)使(shi)、相須(xu)相使(shi)相畏(wei)相惡諸(zhu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、相反諸(zhu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、服藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)食忌(ji)、妊娠禁忌(ji)、飲食禁忌(ji)、李東垣隨證(zheng)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)凡(fan)例(li)、張子和(he)汗吐(tu)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)、陳藏(zang)器諸(zhu)虛(xu)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)凡(fan)例(li)等(deng),使(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)論(lun)(lun)獲得系(xi)統整理(li)。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)三(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)四(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)病主(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),大致沿襲宋(song)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)本草(cao)(cao)(cao)“諸(zhu)病通用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”舊(jiu)例(li),以(yi)(yi)諸(zhu)風等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)十(shi)(shi)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)病證(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),分列(lie)主(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),或于(yu)(yu)(yu)病證(zheng)下(xia)再分若干(gan)證(zheng),類(lei)(lei)列(lie)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)法(fa),復設(she)草(cao)(cao)(cao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、菜部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、果木等(deng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小綱(gang),并詳(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),編(bian)次有(you)(you)(you)(you)序(xu)(xu),便于(yu)(yu)(yu)臨證(zheng)參考。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)五至卷(juan)(juan)(juan)五十(shi)(shi)二(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)論(lun)(lun),總(zong)目(mu)(mu)原(yuan)稱(cheng)載(zai)(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)八(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)二(er)種(zhong)(zhong),經(jing)(jing)實(shi)核(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)八(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)九十(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)論(lun)(lun)均以(yi)(yi)“部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),以(yi)(yi)“類(lei)(lei)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)分類(lei)(lei),分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)、火、土、金石(shi)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)、谷、菜、果、木、服器、蟲(chong)、鱗、介(jie)、禽、獸、人等(deng)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),每(mei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)均有(you)(you)(you)(you)簡要論(lun)(lun)述(shu)(shu)(shu)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)再分若干(gan)類(lei)(lei),如(ru)草(cao)(cao)(cao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山草(cao)(cao)(cao)、芳(fang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、隰草(cao)(cao)(cao)、毒草(cao)(cao)(cao)、蔓(man)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、水(shui)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、石(shi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、苔類(lei)(lei)、雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)等(deng)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei),凡(fan)六(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)。每(mei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)均標(biao)(biao)注首(shou)載(zai)(zai)文獻出處,若有(you)(you)(you)(you)歸類(lei)(lei)變(bian)更(geng)(geng)或并入某(mou)(mou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe),則以(yi)(yi)校正(zheng)說明(ming);下(xia)設(she)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)(jie)、辨(bian)題或正(zheng)誤(wu)(wu)、修治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)、主(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、發明(ming)、附(fu)(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)欄目(mu)(mu)解(jie)(jie)說。“釋(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)”下(xia)列(lie)舉(ju)別(bie)名(ming)(ming)(ming),并釋(shi)(shi)(shi)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)意義;“集(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)(jie)”介(jie)紹(shao)產地(di)、品種(zhong)(zhong)、形(xing)(xing)態(tai)、采收等(deng);“辨(bian)疑正(zheng)誤(wu)(wu)”對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)歷(li)代(dai)本草(cao)(cao)(cao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)疑誤(wu)(wu)者(zhe)予以(yi)(yi)辨(bian)正(zheng);“修治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”闡述(shu)(shu)(shu)炮制方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa);“氣(qi)(qi)(qi)味(wei)”闡述(shu)(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)性味(wei)及(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒無(wu)毒;“主(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”包括功效;“發明(ming)”側重闡述(shu)(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性理(li)論(lun)(lun)、用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)要點及(ji)李氏學(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)見(jian)解(jie)(jie);“附(fu)(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)”廣錄(lu)以(yi)(yi)該(gai)(gai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)科病證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)效方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)劑。本書(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)唐慎微(wei)《經(jing)(jing)史證(zheng)類(lei)(lei)備急本草(cao)(cao)(cao)》基礎上,進行(xing)大量整理(li)、補充,并載(zai)(zai)述(shu)(shu)(shu)李氏發明(ming)與(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)見(jian)解(jie)(jie)。其(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)要成(cheng)(cheng)就包括:集(ji)(ji)(ji)我國16世(shi)紀前(qian)(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大成(cheng)(cheng),該(gai)(gai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)首(shou)先(xian)介(jie)紹(shao)歷(li)代(dai)本草(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)論(lun)(lun)和(he)所載(zai)(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),又首(shou)次載(zai)(zai)入民間(jian)和(he)外用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)種(zhong)(zhong),如(ru)三(san)七(qi)(qi)、半(ban)邊蓮、醉魚(yu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、大風子等(deng),并附(fu)(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)萬一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)零(ling)九十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)則。顯示當時(shi)最先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分類(lei)(lei)法(fa),除列(lie)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),六(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)”外,還包括每(mei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)“標(biao)(biao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),列(lie)事為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)”,即每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)列(lie)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)(jie)等(deng)項(xiang),如(ru)“標(biao)(biao)龍(long)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),而(er)齒、角、骨、腦、胎、涎皆列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)”;又有(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang),而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)位為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)。特別(bie)是在(zai)分類(lei)(lei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),從無(wu)機(ji)到有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji),從低等(deng)到高等(deng),基本符(fu)合進化(hua)論(lun)(lun)觀點。全(quan)面(mian)(mian)闡述(shu)(shu)(shu)所載(zai)(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)知識(shi),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)各(ge)(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)立若干(gan)專(zhuan)項(xiang),分別(bie)介(jie)紹(shao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)、歷(li)史、形(xing)(xing)態(tai)、鑒(jian)別(bie)、采集(ji)(ji)(ji)、加(jia)工,以(yi)(yi)及(ji)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性、功效、主(zhu)(zhu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、組方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應用(yong)(yong)等(deng);同(tong)時(shi)引(yin)(yin)述(shu)(shu)(shu)自《本經(jing)(jing)》迄元(yuan)明(ming)時(shi)期各(ge)(ge)(ge)家學(xue)(xue)(xue)說,內容(rong)豐富而(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)統。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)論(lun)(lun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所發明(ming),書(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)強調對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)應該(gai)(gai)辨(bian)證(zheng)應用(yong)(yong),如(ru)藜蘆(lu)條下(xia)稱(cheng)“吐(tu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),常山吐(tu)瘧痰(tan)(tan),瓜丁吐(tu)熱痰(tan)(tan),烏(wu)附(fu)(fu)尖吐(tu)濕(shi)痰(tan)(tan),萊菔子吐(tu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)痰(tan)(tan),藜蘆(lu)則吐(tu)風痰(tan)(tan)者(zhe)也(ye)”。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)前(qian)(qian)人所未論(lun)(lun)及(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)言和(he)精辟理(li)論(lun)(lun),如(ru)辛夷條下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“腦為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)(lun),橘皮(pi)(pi)條下(xia)稱(cheng)“脾(pi)乃(nai)元(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母,肺乃(nai)攝氣(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)龠”等(deng)。書(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)過去本草(cao)(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)籍中(zhong)(zhong)將兩藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)誤(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe),如(ru)葳蕤(rui)與(yu)女萎(wei);一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)誤(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe),如(ru)天南(nan)星與(yu)虎掌(zhang);品種(zhong)(zhong)混(hun)淆不(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)者(zhe),如(ru)百(bai)(bai)(bai)合與(yu)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)丹;藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)位失真者(zhe),如(ru)五倍(bei)子誤(wu)(wu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)果實(shi);藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)歸類(lei)(lei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)當者(zhe),如(ru)將薯蕷列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)類(lei)(lei)等(deng),均予以(yi)(yi)澄(cheng)清(qing)更(geng)(geng)正(zheng)。書(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)妄圖(tu)長生不(bu)(bu)(bu)老,服食丹石(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)風現象進行(xing)了批(pi)判,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)黃連、澤(ze)瀉服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)仙(xian),草(cao)(cao)(cao)子可以(yi)(yi)變(bian)魚(yu)等(deng)說,亦(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)了駁斥。本書(shu)(shu)(shu)雖為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)書(shu)(shu)(shu),但涉及(ji)范圍(wei)廣泛,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、農學(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)內容(rong)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)很多記載(zai)(zai)。如(ru)在(zai)礦物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)石(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)產地(di)、性狀作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)了詳(xiang)(xiang)細記述(shu)(shu)(shu);在(zai)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),闡述(shu)(shu)(shu)了檢(jian)驗石(shi)膽真偽的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa);在(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),從空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)度變(bian)化(hua),以(yi)(yi)推測雨量的(de)(de)(de)大小;在(zai)農學(xue)(xue)(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),闡述(shu)(shu)(shu)采用(yong)(yong)嫁接技術(shu),以(yi)(yi)改良果樹品種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)等(deng)。本書(shu)(shu)(shu)通過對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)探索與(yu)考證(zheng),闡明(ming)某(mou)(mou)些(xie)漢字的(de)(de)(de)字形(xing)(xing)、讀音(yin);也(ye)載(zai)(zai)述(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)少數民族和(he)其(qi)他國家藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)讀音(yin)和(he)含義。還記載(zai)(zai)契丹族用(yong)(yong)羊(yang)(yang)皮(pi)(pi)、羊(yang)(yang)骨占卜和(he)寫字,吐(tu)番(fan)人用(yong)(yong)燕脂化(hua)妝等(deng)習俗,蒙古族裹(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)牛(niu)皮(pi)(pi)內治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療外傷方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)等(deng)。本書(shu)(shu)(shu)保(bao)存了16世(shi)紀以(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)大量文獻資料,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)已佚失,有(you)(you)(you)(you)關資料可從本書(shu)(shu)(shu)得以(yi)(yi)窺見(jian)。
影響評價
本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)(shu)刊(kan)行(xing)后(hou),促進了本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)學(xue)的進一步發展,倪朱謨的《本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)匯言(yan)》、趙學(xue)敏的《本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)綱目拾遺》、黃宮(gong)繡的《本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)求真(zhen)》等(deng),均是在(zai)其(qi)學(xue)說啟(qi)示下而著成的本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)典籍(ji)。達(da)爾文(Chrles Robert Darwin)在(zai)其(qi)著作中(zhong)亦多次引用本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)(shu)的資料,并稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)“古代中(zhong)國(guo)百科全書(shu)(shu)”。英(ying)(ying)國(guo)李約瑟( Joseph Needham)稱(cheng)贊李時珍(zhen)為(wei)“藥物學(xue)界(jie)中(zhong)之(zhi)王(wang)子(zi)”。本(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)(shu)為(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)學(xue)集大成之(zhi)作。刊(kan)行(xing)后(hou),很快流傳(chuan)到朝鮮、日(ri)本(ben)(ben)(ben)等(deng)國(guo),后(hou)又先(xian)后(hou)被譯成日(ri)、朝、拉丁、英(ying)(ying)、法、德、俄等(deng)文字。