臨淮(huai)崗(gang)(gang)洪(hong)水(shui)控制工(gong)程(cheng),也稱臨淮(huai)崗(gang)(gang)水(shui)利樞紐工(gong)程(cheng),是(shi)中國治淮(huai)19項骨干工(gong)程(cheng)之一,也是(shi)國家(jia)“十(shi)五”計劃的重點項目(mu)。該工(gong)程(cheng)位于淮(huai)河(he)干流中游(you)霍邱(qiu)縣(xian)和潁上縣(xian)交界處的臨淮(huai)崗(gang)(gang),涉及河(he)南(nan)、安徽兩省(sheng),主體工(gong)程(cheng)跨安徽省(sheng)霍邱(qiu)縣(xian)、潁上縣(xian)、阜南(nan)縣(xian)三(san)縣(xian),控制面積4.22萬平方(fang)(fang)公里,一等(deng)大型工(gong)程(cheng),按100年一遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)標(biao)準設(she)計,滯洪(hong)85.6億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米,1000年一遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)標(biao)準校(xiao)核(he),滯洪(hong)121.3億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米。
主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)程由主(zhu)(zhu)壩、南北(bei)副壩、引河、船閘(zha)、進泄(xie)洪閘(zha)等建筑(zhu)物組成。工(gong)程全長78公里(li),總投資22.67億元。2001年(nian)底動工(gong)興建,2003年(nian)11月提前一年(nian)成功(gong)實現淮河截流,2006年(nian)6月,主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)程順(shun)利通過竣工(gong)初步驗收。
臨淮(huai)崗(gang)洪(hong)(hong)水控制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程是將淮(huai)河(he)干(gan)流防洪(hong)(hong)標準提高到100年(nian)一遇的關鍵工(gong)(gong)程,堪稱淮(huai)河(he)上的“三峽工(gong)(gong)程”和“小浪底工(gong)(gong)程”,它(ta)的建成,在治淮(huai)歷史上具有(you)里程碑(bei)的意義。
地理環境
臨淮(huai)(huai)崗(gang)地(di)區屬于淮(huai)(huai)河中游(you)與(yu)上游(you)交界的(de)(de)地(di)方,上游(you)的(de)(de)淮(huai)(huai)河兩(liang)岸(an),地(di)形為兩(liang)崗(gang)夾一洼,可(ke)滯蓄大量(liang)洪(hong)水,是不可(ke)多得的(de)(de)優(you)良壩址。臨淮(huai)(huai)崗(gang)洪(hong)水控制工(gong)程(cheng)壩址以上淮(huai)(huai)河長約490公里(li),集水面積242160公里(li)。在這個位于安徽省霍邱(qiu)縣和(he)潁上縣交界處的(de)(de)地(di)方,興(xing)建(jian)洪(hong)水控制性工(gong)程(cheng),可(ke)以扼守著上游(you)來水的(de)(de)咽(yan)喉(hou)之(zhi)道(dao),幾乎控制了淮(huai)(huai)河干流正陽關以上的(de)(de)全部洪(hong)水臨淮(huai)(huai)崗(gang)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)設,將從根本上改(gai)變淮(huai)(huai)河干流洪(hong)水長驅直下,威脅淮(huai)(huai)北地(di)區和(he)沿淮(huai)(huai)城市、工(gong)礦企業(ye)和(he)人(ren)民群眾生命(ming)財產安全的(de)(de)被動(dong)局(ju)面。
工程概況
臨淮(huai)(huai)崗洪(hong)水控制工(gong)程,是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)(guo)治淮(huai)(huai)19項(xiang)(xiang)骨干工(gong)程之一,也是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家十五計劃的重點項(xiang)(xiang)目。該(gai)工(gong)程位于淮(huai)(huai)河干流(liu)中游,涉(she)及河南、安徽兩省,主體工(gong)程跨安徽省霍邱、潁上、阜南三(san)縣(xian),控制面積(ji)4.22萬(wan)平方公里,一等大(da)(1)型工(gong)程,按100年(nian)一遇洪(hong)水標準設計,滯(zhi)洪(hong)85.6億立(li)方米,1000年(nian)一遇洪(hong)水標準校核,滯(zhi)洪(hong)121.3億立(li)方米。
主體工程由(you)主壩、南北副壩、引河、船閘、進泄洪閘等建筑物組成。工程全長78公里(li),總(zong)投資22.67億元。
攔河壩
臨淮崗大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)由主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和南(nan)(nan)、北副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)組(zu)成(cheng),全長(chang)77.51公(gong)里(li)。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)8.54公(gong)里(li),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)10米,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程31.7米。南(nan)(nan)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)8.41公(gong)里(li),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)6.0米,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程32.25米。北副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)60.56公(gong)里(li),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)6.0米,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程32.21~32.95米。
南副壩(ba)(ba)建(jian)(jian)于2002年(nian)10月(yue),2005年(nian)8月(yue)完工。南副壩(ba)(ba)為均質土壩(ba)(ba),1級建(jian)(jian)筑物。壩(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程32.15m,頂寬6~8.5m,最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)11.0m,穿壩(ba)(ba)建(jian)(jian)筑物7座。自(zi)城西(xi)湖(hu)船閘向(xiang)南至霍邱縣大(da)莫(mo)店(dian)子,全長8.41km。
臨(lin)淮崗北副壩(ba),自(zi)安徽(hui)省(sheng)潁(ying)上縣(xian)陳(chen)巷(xiang)子(zi)起,沿半崗保(bao)莊(zhuang)圩(wei)堤及古城(cheng)保(bao)莊(zhuang)圩(wei),潤趙段保(bao)莊(zhuang)圩(wei)的(de)沿崗堤,經潤河集(ji)穿陶壩(ba)孜閘(zha),沿南潤段堤至(zhi)南照集(ji),黃崗轉(zhuan)向(xiang)北,經狗刺園楊(yang)莊(zhuang)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)西至(zhi)張集(ji)閘(zha),全(quan)長60.519公(gong)里,壩(ba)頂高程為32.1米~32.85米,壩(ba)頂寬度(du)為6.0m,壩(ba)頂設4.5米寬的(de)泥結碎(sui)石防汛路面。
進泄洪閘
進泄洪閘包括:49孔(kong)淺孔(kong)閘、14孔(kong)姜(jiang)唐湖進洪閘,12孔(kong)深(shen)孔(kong)閘等工程(cheng)。
49孔(kong)(kong)淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)閘(zha),在(zai)安(an)徽霍邱(qiu)縣北20公(gong)里,位(wei)(wei)于七十二水(shui)(shui)(shui)匯正陽的淮(huai)河(he)干(gan)中(zhong)游正陽關以上28公(gong)里處。 49孔(kong)(kong)淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)閘(zha)是臨淮(huai)崗洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)控制工程的主要(yao)建筑物之一(yi),坐(zuo)落(luo)在(zai)引河(he)左側灘地,大(da)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)控制淮(huai)河(he)干(gan)流下泄流量;非汛期(qi)和中(zhong)小洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi),敞開(kai)泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)。為(wei)一(yi)等1級工程,近100年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準設計(ji),1000年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準校核。其(qi)閘(zha)設計(ji)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)28.21M,閘(zha)下設計(ji)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)26.75M,與其(qi)它泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)建筑物共同控制下泄洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流量7362立方米/秒。原(yuan)閘(zha)興(xing)建于1958年(nian)(nian),因(yin)歷(li)史原(yuan)因(yin)建成后功(gong)能不全,存在(zai)諸多(duo)安(an)全隱患,2001年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始加(jia)固改建工程。
深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha),位于主(zhu)壩上(shang),在(zai)原深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)與(yu)49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)之間,為一(yi)等1級建筑物,按照100年一(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)時壩上(shang)設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)位18.41m(85國家高(gao)(gao)程基準,下同),壩下設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)位26.75m,深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)與(yu)49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、姜(jiang)唐湖進洪(hong)(hong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)共同控制(zhi)下泄流(liu)33量7362m/s,相應(ying)滯蓄庫容85.6億立方米。深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)12孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),單孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)凈(jing)寬8m,中(zhong)(zhong)墩厚1.2m,縫墩厚1.0m,閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)總寬115.8m。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)底(di)(di)坎高(gao)(gao)程14.9m,底(di)(di)板(ban)厚1.5m。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)下游(you)(you)設(she)公路橋(qiao),橋(qiao)面高(gao)(gao)程31.6m,橋(qiao)寬72×1.5(m)。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)箱型構(gou)造,中(zhong)(zhong)部設(she)撐(cheng)梁。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)兩(liang)側空箱岸(an)(an)墻,上(shang)部設(she)橋(qiao)頭堡(bao)。橋(qiao)頭堡(bao)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng),框(kuang)架結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)上(shang)游(you)(you)設(she)15m長鋼(gang)筋砼(tong)鋪蓋,鋪蓋上(shang)游(you)(you)接砌(qi)石(shi)護底(di)(di)。深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)下游(you)(you)設(she)25m長鋼(gang)筋砼(tong)消力(li)(li)池(chi)(chi),池(chi)(chi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)1.0m;消力(li)(li)池(chi)(chi)后(hou)接45m長砌(qi)石(shi)海(hai)漫,海(hai)漫后(hou)設(she)拋石(shi)防(fang)沖槽。深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)兩(liang)岸(an)(an)對稱(cheng)布(bu)置上(shang)下游(you)(you)翼(yi)墻,翼(yi)墻一(yi)般(ban)為鋼(gang)筋砼(tong)空箱結(jie)(jie)構(gou),最大擋土高(gao)(gao)度13.3m,墻后(hou)填土內設(she)土工格(ge)柵形成(cheng)的加(jia)筋土擋墻。兩(liang)岸(an)(an)護坡(po)(po)分砌(qi)石(shi)護坡(po)(po)與(yu)砼(tong)護坡(po)(po)兩(liang)種,20m高(gao)(gao)程以(yi)下護坡(po)(po)一(yi)般(ban)采用砌(qi)石(shi)結(jie)(jie)構(gou),20m以(yi)上(shang)采用砼(tong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)基砂層(ceng)(ceng)出露較高(gao)(gao),在(zai)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)四周做多(duo)頭小直徑深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)攪拌樁形成(cheng)的垂直防(fang)滲墻。深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)每孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)一(yi)扇平面鋼(gang)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門,門高(gao)(gao)8.5m。上(shang)下游(you)(you)各設(she)一(yi)套檢修門。電氣設(she)計(ji)包括閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)用主(zhu)變、一(yi)次電及集中(zhong)(zhong)控制(zhi)等。
姜唐湖進洪(hong)閘(zha)(zha),位于老淮(huai)河(he)主槽與(yu)49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)間的(de)主壩上,共(gong)14孔(kong)(kong)(kong)。每孔(kong)(kong)(kong)凈寬12.0m,閘(zha)(zha)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)總寬196.82m,設(she)計進洪(hong)流(liu)量2400立方米/秒。為(wei)Ⅰ級建筑物,是臨(lin)淮(huai)崗(gang)(gang)洪(hong)水控制工程(cheng)(cheng)主要建筑物之(zhi)一,在設(she)計洪(hong)水情況下(xia),姜唐湖進洪(hong)閘(zha)(zha)與(yu)49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)、12孔(kong)(kong)(kong)深孔(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)共(gong)同控制下(xia)泄流(liu)量,相應滯蓄庫容85.6億(yi)立方米。此次通過驗收(shou),將正式投入使用,參與(yu)分泄淮(huai)干洪(hong)水,為(wei)臨(lin)淮(huai)崗(gang)(gang)工程(cheng)(cheng)整體作用的(de)發揮和淮(huai)河(he)的(de)防洪(hong)保(bao)安提供保(bao)證。于2003年(nian)4月(yue)24日正式開工,2005年(nian)5月(yue)24日完工,2005年(nian)8月(yue)8日通過驗收(shou)。
船閘
船閘,包括(kuo)臨淮崗船閘、城西湖船閘等(deng)。
臨淮崗船閘(zha),為(wei)(wei)溝(gou)通淮河上下游(you)航(hang)(hang)運的通航(hang)(hang)建筑物,建于(yu)2002年10月,2005年6月完(wan)工。航(hang)(hang)道等級為(wei)(wei)Ⅳ級,500t級,閘(zha)室為(wei)(wei)130m×12m。
城(cheng)(cheng)西湖船閘,1958年(nian)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)臨淮(huai)崗船閘(500t級(ji))開工(gong)修建(jian),1962年(nian)臨淮(huai)崗工(gong)程停建(jian)后,1967年(nian)將其改建(jian)為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)西湖船閘,作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)溝通(tong)淮(huai)河與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)西湖的航運通(tong)道(dao)。2002年(nian)10月進(jin)行加(jia)固(gu)改造,2005年(nian)6月完工(gong)。城(cheng)(cheng)西湖船閘航道(dao)等(deng)級(ji)為(wei)(wei)Ⅵ級(ji),100t級(ji),閘室為(wei)(wei)108.65m×8m。