流域概況
地形地貌
發源地(di)黃花(hua)嶺(ling):在柞(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)北老林鄉(xiang)境內,其(qi)嶺(ling)多產(chan)黃花(hua)草(cao)故名。海拔2328米,為(wei)柞(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)與寧陜之界。黃花(hua)嶺(ling)緊臨牛(niu)背梁:在柞(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)北老林鄉(xiang)境內,海拔2802.1米。為(wei)柞(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)、商(shang)洛最高峰。因山形似牛(niu)背而得(de)名。山上有羚(ling)牛(niu)、大小熊貓等(deng)國(guo)家保護動物。清代常有虎出現。為(wei)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)。
發(fa)源地(di)(di)的(de)高(gao)山區沿秦(qin)嶺主脊海拔1500米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上(shang),面(mian)積201平(ping)方公里(li),占全縣總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)8.62%,相對(dui)(dui)高(gao)差(cha)為1300米(mi)(mi)。是乾佑、金(jin)井、社(she)川及沙洛(luo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)水源源頭(tou),生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)著各種林木(mu)。由于重巒(luan)疊嶂,溝(gou)深谷狹,切割程度大,加(jia)之溫(wen)度低(di),降水多,日照(zhao)不足,無霜(shuang)期短,農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)遲(chi)緩。海拔1900米(mi)(mi)已(yi)達到農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)上(shang)限。中山區的(de)峽谷地(di)(di)帶,較(jiao)大河(he)(he)(he)(he)溝(gou)間有河(he)(he)(he)(he)谷階(jie)(jie)地(di)(di),山坡(po)坡(po)度較(jiao)緩,坡(po)腳土層深厚,氣候溫(wen)和,雨量充沛,宜農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。乾佑、金(jin)井、社(she)川三條河(he)(he)(he)(he)流中下游沿岸的(de)坡(po)塬(yuan)階(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)及低(di)山丘(qiu)陵地(di)(di),面(mian)積523平(ping)方公里(li),占全縣總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)22.43%,相對(dui)(dui)高(gao)差(cha)為200米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。乾佑河(he)(he)(he)(he)在藥王堂以(yi)下,社(she)川河(he)(he)(he)(he)在黃金(jin)李(li)砭以(yi)下,金(jin)井河(he)(he)(he)(he)在肖(xiao)臺以(yi)下,是河(he)(he)(he)(he)谷較(jiao)寬闊的(de)地(di)(di)帶,具有亞熱帶氣候特征,是柞水主要產糧區,宜栽培(pei)油桐(tong)、棕櫚、芭蕉等亞熱帶植物(wu)。
旬陽(yang)縣(xian)河(he)段(duan),在(zai)南羊(yang)山(shan)中(zhong)山(shan)區(qu),包括(kuo)旬陽(yang)北(bei)部(bu)南羊(yang)山(shan)山(shan)地海拔(ba)(ba)800米(mi)以上(shang)地區(qu),包括(kuo)羊(yang)山(shan)、圣駕、落駕、楓樹(shu)鄉(xiang)的(de)全部(bu),小嶺(ling)、公館、三岔河(he)、張(zhang)坪鄉(xiang)的(de)大部(bu),共跨越20個鄉(xiang)、120個行政(zheng)村和(he)兩(liang)個國營林(lin)場,總面積(ji)(ji)(ji)677.6平(ping)方公里。其(qi)中(zhong)海拔(ba)(ba)1800米(mi)以上(shang)的(de)高山(shan)約(yue)占總面積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)13%。西段(duan)地勢高峻,冷水河(he)下切(qie)急(ji)劇,形成了深(shen)切(qie)割(ge)的(de)“V”形峽谷(gu),切(qie)割(ge)深(shen)度1000—1200米(mi),坡度多在(zai)35—45度以上(shang)。在(zai)石(shi)灰巖(yan)山(shan)坡上(shang)有(you)許多溶洞、溶溝、石(shi)芽峰林(lin)。山(shan)頂有(you)巖(yan)溶洼地、巖(yan)溶丘陵(ling)、漏斗、落水洞、盲谷(gu)等,有(you)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)10多平(ping)方公里的(de)巖(yan)溶地貌集中(zhong)分布區(qu)。本區(qu)海拔(ba)(ba)1350米(mi)以上(shang)的(de)山(shan)坡,多為(wei)天然林(lin)木覆蓋,為(wei)旬陽(yang)主要林(lin)區(qu)之一,耕墾破壞嚴(yan)重,墾殖率為(wei)60%,坡面的(de)流水侵蝕(shi)也顯見(jian)加劇。
沿岸集鎮
柞(zuo)水縣營(ying)(ying)盤鎮(zhen)(zhen),地(di)(di)處秦(qin)嶺南麓(lu),位(wei)于(yu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)洛西(xi)部(bu)(bu),柞(zuo)水西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)(bu),西(xi)與(yu)安康(kang)市(shi)(shi)寧陜縣相(xiang)接,北(bei)于(yu)古都西(xi)安相(xiang)鄰(lin),歷史(shi)上曾(ceng)以(yi)軍事戰略(lve)地(di)(di)位(wei)屯(tun)兵守營(ying)(ying)而得名,清(qing)乾(qian)(qian)隆年(nian)間設(she)(she)置相(xiang)當于(yu)縣制(zhi)的(de)(de)孝義廳而名留史(shi)冊,境(jing)內的(de)(de)古西(xi)康(kang)之(zhi)路成為(wei)連接湖(hu)廣(guang)的(de)(de)天(tian)然紐(niu)帶,素有“終南首邑”、“秦(qin)楚(chu)咽喉”之(zhi)稱,全(quan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)轄9個(ge)行政村,35個(ge)村民小(xiao)組。營(ying)(ying)盤是商(shang)(shang)(shang)洛市(shi)(shi)委(wei)、市(shi)(shi)政府確定重點建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)(shang)洛門戶鎮(zhen)(zhen),是柞(zuo)水建(jian)設(she)(she)新農村“一鎮(zhen)(zhen)六小(xiao)區(qu)”示范鎮(zhen)(zhen),是乾(qian)(qian)佑河(he)百(bai)里生(sheng)態景觀帶的(de)(de)起點鎮(zhen)(zhen)。營(ying)(ying)盤具有獨特的(de)(de)區(qu)位(wei)優勢(shi)和豐富的(de)(de)自然資(zi)源優勢(shi)。商(shang)(shang)(shang)洛市(shi)(shi)最(zui)高(gao)點所(suo)在(zai)地(di)(di),牛背梁主(zhu)峰2802米,是商(shang)(shang)(shang)洛市(shi)(shi)國家級自然保護區(qu);陜西(xi)南水北(bei)調工(gong)程(cheng)所(suo)在(zai)地(di)(di)——引乾(qian)(qian)濟石。
柞水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)城,在乾佑(you)(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen),位于柞水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)西南(nan)部,縣(xian)(xian)城及其周(zhou)圍,原為(wei)城關公社(she),1984年根據古乾佑(you)(you)縣(xian)(xian)、乾佑(you)(you)巡檢司(si),改為(wei)乾佑(you)(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen),由(you)縣(xian)(xian)直轄(xia)。面積44.4平方公里,中(zhong)共柞水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)乾佑(you)(you)鎮(zhen)(zhen)黨委和鎮(zhen)(zhen)政(zheng)府駐(zhu)地在柞水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)城北(bei)(bei)關。乾佑(you)(you)河由(you)北(bei)(bei)向南(nan)貫穿(chuan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)境(jing)。有干線公路北(bei)(bei)通西安,南(nan)抵鎮(zhen)(zhen)安、安康(kang)、漢(han)中(zhong),東達商(shang)州、山陽(yang)。境(jing)內界牌灣以北(bei)(bei)地區(qu)自秦嬴政(zheng)二十(shi)六年(前221)至清(qing)乾隆四(si)十(shi)七(qi)年。
下(xia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)鎮,在(zai)(zai)(zai)柞水(shui)縣(xian)境西南,因境內有下(xia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)街而得名(ming)。面積77.5平方公里。中共柞水(shui)縣(xian)下(xia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)黨委(wei)和政(zheng)府駐(zhu)地(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)沙坪(ping)行政(zheng)村(cun),距柞水(shui)縣(xian)城5公里。下(xia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)鄉以農(nong)業為(wei)(wei)主,有耕(geng)地(di)4104畝。主要(yao)作(zuo)物有小麥、玉米(mi)、雜糧。盛產核桃(tao)、板栗。唐代作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)貢(gong)品(pin)的大(da)板栗產于沙坪(ping)。明清兩代曾引乾(qian)佑(you)河水(shui)灌溉(gai),今(jin)有明珠(zhu)渠可(ke)灌田1000多畝,并(bing)可(ke)發電。赤水(shui)溝、花園溝、陳家溝有磁鐵(tie)礦(kuang),茨溝有黃鐵(tie)礦(kuang),乾(qian)佑(you)河沿(yan)線(xian)有淘金歷(li)史。西安(an)至(zhi)鎮安(an)、柞水(shui)至(zhi)商州的干線(xian)公路(lu)均由境內經過。夜珠(zhu)坪(ping)為(wei)(wei)安(an)業、乾(qian)元、乾(qian)佑(you)縣(xian)城所在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)。下(xia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)民國以前歸鎮安(an)縣(xian)管轄(xia),1950年(nian)劃歸柞水(shui)縣(xian)。境內有窟窿巖(又名(ming)出龍(long)巖)、楊八姐曬(shai)裙嶺等(deng)名(ming)勝(sheng)古跡。
石甕(weng)(weng)(weng)鎮,位于柞(zuo)水(shui)縣境(jing)西(xi)南(nan)。古(gu)時境(jing)內(nei)有一石甕(weng)(weng)(weng),《鎮安(an)(an)縣志》有“石甕(weng)(weng)(weng)傳聲”之(zhi)載(zai)。1958年(nian)取(qu)名石坪公(gong)社(she),1984年(nian)改為石甕(weng)(weng)(weng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。東(dong)鄰本區杜家(jia)村鄉(xiang)(xiang),南(nan)鄰鎮安(an)(an)回(hui)龍鄉(xiang)(xiang),西(xi)北鄰本區下梁鄉(xiang)(xiang)。面積52.5平方公(gong)里(li)(li),中共柞(zuo)水(shui)縣石甕(weng)(weng)(weng)鎮黨委和政府駐石甕(weng)(weng)(weng)子,距柞(zuo)水(shui)縣城20公(gong)里(li)(li)。以農業為主(zhu),主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)物有玉米、小麥、洋芋(yu)、雜糧(liang)。西(xi)安(an)(an)至鎮安(an)(an)的(de)干線公(gong)路由境(jing)內(nei)通過。馬蹄灣有鏡(jing)鐵礦,西(xi)干溝(gou)(gou)、銀洞(dong)溝(gou)(gou)西(xi)坡(po)、龍洞(dong)溝(gou)(gou)、北坡(po)、陳家(jia)溝(gou)(gou)有銅(tong)礦,馬鞍溝(gou)(gou)、東(dong)干溝(gou)(gou)有重晶石。石甕(weng)(weng)(weng)周圍的(de)地(di)貌(mao)為巖溶地(di)貌(mao),亦稱喀(ka)斯(si)特地(di)貌(mao)。有大小溶洞(dong)100多(duo)個,主(zhu)要(yao)有佛(fo)爺、百神、天洞(dong)、風洞(dong)和金鈴、玉霞、探奇、云霧等(deng)洞(dong)。洞(dong)內(nei)鐘(zhong)乳、石筍千姿百態(tai),各具風采。1985年(nian)已正式開放佛(fo)爺洞(dong)和天洞(dong),省內(nei)外游人絡繹不絕。境(jing)內(nei)還(huan)有天書山、對峰臺、馬鞍嶺等(deng)名勝。西(xi)干溝(gou)(gou)還(huan)有“疑是銀河落九天”的(de)瀑布和極為稀少的(de)蛇行樹。東(dong)干溝(gou)(gou)有兩棵冠幅直(zhi)徑(jing)在30米以上,高(gao)40多(duo)米、直(zhi)徑(jing)1.5米的(de)銀杏樹。石甕(weng)(weng)(weng)在民(min)國以前歸(gui)鎮安(an)(an)管轄,1950年(nian)劃(hua)歸(gui)柞(zuo)水(shui)。
鎮(zhen)安縣(xian)城,在(zai)永(yong)樂鎮(zhen)謝家(jia)灣,位于鎮(zhen)安縣(xian)中部(bu),北(bei)靠驪珠(zhu)山,南側瀕臨(lin)乾(qian)(qian)佑河(he)(he)支流縣(xian)河(he)(he),乾(qian)(qian)佑河(he)(he)在(zai)縣(xian)城東(dong)部(bu)經過(guo)(guo)。明天(tian)順七年(nian)(nian)(1463)二(er)(er)月遷建(jian)。縣(xian)城經過(guo)(guo)明代和(he)清代前期的(de)擴建(jian),居(ju)民不斷增加,尤以東(dong)關(guan)和(he)南關(guan)人煙(yan)稠(chou)密,街市(shi)繁榮(rong)。但因南關(guan)、西關(guan)一(yi)帶常遭(zao)水患(huan),直至道光二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1842)在(zai)城西南的(de)三官廟前筑(zhu)堤后,水患(huan)稍息(xi)。咸豐、同(tong)治(zhi)年(nian)(nian)間,戰亂(luan)迭起,加之護城專(zhuan)款被(bei)官方挪用(yong),河(he)(he)堤再未修筑(zhu),每逢雨季常遭(zao)水患(huan),居(ju)民日稀,大商號漸少,市(shi)面冷落(luo)。是鎮(zhen)安縣(xian)的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)、經濟、文(wen)化、交通中心。
青銅關(guan),位(wei)于鎮(zhen)(zhen)安(an)縣城南33公里,為(wei)(wei)青銅關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)駐地。相傳清代時,街鎮(zhen)(zhen)住戶房上多為(wei)(wei)青藤纏繞,一片蔥(cong)郁,曾名青藤關(guan),后(hou)毀于火。乾佑河臨街,明(ming)、清時可航運。有(you)驛路,水(shui)旱兩便(bian)。二(er)、五、八日(ri)逢集,曾為(wei)(wei)大商號據點,以販(fan)運土特(te)產(chan)為(wei)(wei)主。1937年(nian)(nian)后(hou),航道(dao)因被洪水(shui)沖毀和水(shui)量逐年(nian)(nian)減少,水(shui)運中斷。這里為(wei)(wei)古西(安(an))康(安(an)康)大道(dao)之(zhi)關(guan)隘(ai)(ai),有(you)古戰場遺跡和青銅關(guan)隘(ai)(ai),鎮(zhen)(zhen)旬公路過境(jing)。雖有(you)集市,少商貿流(liu)通(tong)。
回(hui)龍鎮,集鎮在回(hui)龍寺(si),位于鎮安(an)縣縣北熊里溝口,距縣城15公(gong)里,乾佑(you)河(he)東岸。屬回(hui)龍鄉(xiang)轄。因河(he)西有(you)座山(shan)形(xing)似龍,龍首入乾佑(you)河(he),河(he)水迂(yu)回(hui),故名。亦因梓橋(qiao)溝長(chang)有(you)檀樹圪塔,又名圪塔寺(si)。縣屬鎮安(an)二臺子金礦(kuang)、棗園(yuan)電站在此(ci)。鎮柞公(gong)路傍街而過(guo)。此(ci)處古今均為礦(kuang)區,有(you)金、銅、重晶石、石棉等礦(kuang)帶。新中國建立后,金、銅礦(kuang)區不斷擴大,產(chan)值逐年(nian)增(zeng)長(chang)。
小(xiao)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)沿岸最后一(yi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),地處(chu)旬(xun)陽(yang)縣(xian)城以北鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)旬(xun)公(gong)路(lu)48公(gong)里處(chu),東與(yu)(yu)公(gong)館(guan)鄉(xiang)、乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)中(zhong)下(xia)游旬(xun)陽(yang)縣(xian)小(xiao)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)南與(yu)(yu)趙灣鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)相(xiang)連,西(xi)與(yu)(yu)桐(tong)(tong)木(mu)(mu)鄉(xiang)、仁(ren)河(he)(he)口鄉(xiang)接壤,北臨(lin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安(an)(an)縣(xian),素(su)有旬(xun)陽(yang)“北大(da)門(men)”之稱(cheng)。該鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)于一(yi)九九六年(nian)十月五日撒區并鄉(xiang)時建鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),由原小(xiao)河(he)(he)區小(xiao)河(he)(he)口鄉(xiang)和康坪鄉(xiang)合(he)并而成,全鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)總面積(ji)160平方公(gong)里。鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)政府所(suo)在地小(xiao)河(he)(he)集(ji)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)地處(chu)乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)與(yu)(yu)公(gong)館(guan)河(he)(he)、102省道與(yu)(yu)旬(xun)陽(yang)北環(huan)公(gong)路(lu)交匯處(chu),集(ji)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)內(nei)交通(tong)、電(dian)力(li)、通(tong)訊,供(gong)水等(deng)設施齊(qi)全,聚集(ji)能(neng)力(li)較強;橫(heng)跨(kua)乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)的旬(xun)北環(huan)公(gong)路(lu)大(da)橋(qiao)和老街鋼架橋(qiao)將小(xiao)河(he)(he)集(ji)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)連為一(yi)體(ti)。小(xiao)河(he)(he)集(ji)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)不(bu)僅是(shi)公(gong)館(guan)鄉(xiang)、桐(tong)(tong)木(mu)(mu)鄉(xiang)、仁(ren)河(he)(he)口鄉(xiang)的經濟(ji)貿易、農副產(chan)品的集(ji)散地,更重(zhong)要的是(shi)全鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人民政治(zhi)、經濟(ji)、文化中(zhong)心,還是(shi)十堰、安(an)(an)康、白(bai)河(he)(he)、旬(xun)陽(yang)通(tong)往西(xi)安(an)(an)的主(zhu)要通(tong)道和重(zhong)要驛站。
名勝古跡
柞水舊縣關孝義廳(ting)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址:位于(yu)今柞水縣城(cheng)(cheng),西臨乾佑河,東(dong)枕后寨山(shan)。建于(yu)清嘉慶七(qi)年(1802)。全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)面積23410平方米(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為(wei)磚砌(qi),周長(chang)1252.25米(mi),根深3.33米(mi),高3.93米(mi),底寬3.33米(mi),頂寬3米(mi),垛口寬1.85米(mi),有110個(ge)炮(pao)臺(tai)座。全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)有四門,東(dong)曰(yue)(yue)迎(ying)春,西曰(yue)(yue)靜波,北曰(yue)(yue)拱極,南曰(yue)(yue)寧遠,南外城(cheng)(cheng)門曰(yue)(yue)靖南,北外城(cheng)(cheng)門曰(yue)(yue)望(wang)閥。現東(dong)北兩面部分(fen)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)和(he)東(dong)門樓猶存。
藥(yao)王曬藥(yao)臺(tai):位于(yu)藥(yao)王鄉藥(yao)王堂行政(zheng)村乾佑河(he)西面的山上,面積(ji)為120平方米。《孝義廳志》載:“曬藥(yao)臺(tai)為藥(yao)王曬藥(yao)處(chu)。”附近還有藏藥(yao)洞、淘藥(yao)井,均為孫(sun)思邈(miao)在此所用(yong)。后人將此地取名(ming)藥(yao)王堂并建(jian)藥(yao)王廟祀之。現藏藥(yao)洞、曬藥(yao)臺(tai)猶存(cun)。
舊縣(xian)雄關:亦名乾(qian)佑關。在今柞水縣(xian)城南紅石崖處。因(yin)西臨乾(qian)佑河,山勢(shi)陡峻險要,有一夫當(dang)關,萬夫莫(mo)開(kai)之勢(shi),唐至清末一直(zhi)為兵家據守(shou)之地。宋(song)代(dai)曾派副都統在此(ci)鎮守(shou)。現西安至鎮安的公路由雄關下通過。
對峰(feng)臺(tai):位于(yu)石(shi)甕(weng)鄉西(xi)干溝口(kou),毗鄰佛(fo)爺、百神二洞。在一座高(gao)約1000米的(de)峭壁上(shang),二峰(feng)突起,巍(wei)然相峙。下(xia)為乾佑河,波濤(tao)翻滾。唐(tang)(tang)貞觀(guan)(guan)十(shi)九年(nian)(645),玄奘由印度取經(jing)(jing)回(hui)(hui)國后,譯經(jing)(jing)、論75部(bu),1335卷。顯慶五年(nian)(660),高(gao)宗李治倡建(jian)(jian)塔、寺(si)(si),開鑿(zao)石(shi)窟(ku)。宋代靜楠法(fa)師(shi)著《三(san)藏經(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)·寺(si)(si)廟》載:“唐(tang)(tang)天(tian)授二年(nian)(691),長安(an)(an)高(gao)僧天(tian)海(hai)越終南(nan)至永寧堡(bao)(今(jin)夜珠坪),聚僧徒(tu)誦(song)經(jing)(jing)。時有老庵(an)寺(si)(si)僧徒(tu)提及(ji)縣(xian)境寺(si)(si)廟頗少。天(tian)海(hai)游歷一日,主建(jian)(jian)寺(si)(si)廟于(yu)對峰(feng)臺(tai)上(shang)。”僧徒(tu)力捐工料,建(jian)(jian)佛(fo)寺(si)(si)一間,工速藝巧,并塑釋迦像一尊。天(tian)海(hai)高(gao)僧觀(guan)(guan)其寺(si)(si)小(xiao)巧玲瓏,興題楹聯一首,親書于(yu)堂柱上(shang)。上(shang)聯曰:“此山(shan)就是普陀山(shan)何必遠(yuan)道求神仙”,下(xia)聯曰:“只要凡名(ming)心(xin)向善(shan)回(hui)(hui)心(xin)轉意就是仙”。佛(fo)寺(si)(si)建(jian)(jian)成后,僧徒(tu)又捐資(zi)鑿(zao)修盤山(shan)小(xiao)道。后香客不絕,游人(ren)日增(zeng)。唐(tang)(tang)萬(wan)歲通天(tian)元年(nian)(696),今(jin)柞水東南(nan)大部(bu)和今(jin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)安(an)(an)縣(xian)全境置安(an)(an)業縣(xian),縣(xian)城設永寧堡(bao)(夜珠坪),對峰(feng)臺(tai)為官宦、鎮(zhen)(zhen)軍游覽、觀(guan)(guan)光和拜佛(fo)盛地。金大定二十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(1183)對峰(feng)臺(tai)佛(fo)寺(si)(si)毀于(yu)戰(zhan)火(huo)之中(zhong)。明萬(wan)歷年(nian)間鎮(zhen)(zhen)安(an)(an)縣(xian)令(ling)武安(an)(an)敕令(ling)在對峰(feng)臺(tai)建(jian)(jian)祖師(shi)殿三(san)間。溶洞旅游區(qu)開發后,于(yu)1992年(nian)始建(jian)(jian)觀(guan)(guan)音(yin)堂,1993年(nian)7月23日,舉行了落(luo)成剪彩儀(yi)式(shi),后即(ji)向游人(ren)開放。
馬(ma)鞍(an)嶺:位于石甕鄉西干溝行政村第四自(zi)(zi)然(ran)村。因一山(shan)形似(si)馬(ma)鞍(an)而得名。在馬(ma)鞍(an)嶺的后下(xia)部,有(you)一噴泉,噴水(shui)丈許。下(xia)有(you)一潭,深(shen)5米,水(shui)清見底。相(xiang)傳,南宋時期,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)入據(ju),在當(dang)地(di)燒殺搶(qiang)擄(lu),無惡(e)不作,人(ren)(ren)民(min)被迫以西干溝為營(ying),飽飲(yin)馬(ma)鞍(an)泉水(shui),操練武藝,個(ge)個(ge)驍(xiao)勇過人(ren)(ren),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)兵屢(lv)戰屢(lv)敗。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)將聞知當(dang)地(di)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的驍(xiao)勇系(xi)飲(yin)馬(ma)鞍(an)泉水(shui)之故,在一個(ge)夜(ye)深(shen)人(ren)(ren)靜的晚上(shang),率精兵20余人(ren)(ren),竄至(zhi)馬(ma)鞍(an)泉抽刀(dao)斬(zhan)水(shui),遭到當(dang)地(di)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的伏擊,只留金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)將一人(ren)(ren)生還。金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)將回(hui)至(zhi)軍帳,以酒澆(jiao)愁,但當(dang)他想(xiang)起夜(ye)間的慘敗情景時,拔刀(dao)自(zi)(zi)刎而死。當(dang)時有(you)人(ren)(ren)為金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)將作了一個(ge)幅對聯(lian),上(shang)聯(lian)為“抽刀(dao)斬(zhan)水(shui)水(shui)更(geng)流”,下(xia)聯(lian)是(shi)“借酒澆(jiao)愁愁更(geng)愁”。馬(ma)鞍(an)嶺附近(jin)還有(you)瀑布和(he)奇異(yi)樹木——蛇行樹。[17]
云(yun)臺山(shan):在縣境柞水縣石甕(weng)鎮東(dong)干溝(gou),南臨(lin)鎮安,海拔1897米。因(yin)山(shan)頂時有云(yun)霧層迭為(wei)臺而得(de)名。開發有柞水云(yun)臺山(shan)風(feng)景名勝區。[6] 山(shan)勢高峻,不論春夏(xia)秋冬云(yun)霧繚繞,狀極神秘。清咸豐四年(1854)九月,當地名醫(yi)羅時義與世長辭(ci)。人民為(wei)紀念他一生為(wei)民治(zhi)病不辭(ci)勞苦的功德,根(gen)據他生前遺(yi)言,安葬于云(yun)臺山(shan)上,并建祖(zu)師殿、戲樓(lou)。現廟殿、戲樓(lou)俱在,羅祖(zu)師塑(su)像亦保存完整(zheng)。
柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質(zhi)公園(yuan),位于秦(qin)嶺南麓的(de)(de)柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)石甕鎮,距西(xi)安79公里(li)(li)。這里(li)(li)靈山合攏(long),秀(xiu)水(shui)(shui)環繞,氣候宜人,風(feng)光秀(xiu)麗。詭麗幽深的(de)(de)118個溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勾勒出(chu)無(wu)(wu)山不洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、無(wu)(wu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)不奇的(de)(de)美妙境界(jie)。是(shi)一孔由地球外(wai)動力地質(zhi)作用(yong)雕塑(su)出(chu)的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)珍品陳列館(guan),被(bei)譽為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“地質(zhi)奇觀”、“中國(guo)名(ming)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)風(feng)景(jing)區(qu)包括佛爺洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、風(feng)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、百神洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、云霧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等百余個溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。是(shi)陜西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)一處(chu)以溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和自(zi)然(ran)景(jing)觀為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)旅游(you)區(qu)。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)政府授予“陜西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)風(feng)景(jing)名(ming)勝(sheng)區(qu)”,1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)又被(bei)坪為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全國(guo)名(ming)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)評(ping)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)“AAA”景(jing)區(qu),2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)景(jing)區(qu)被(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)公安廳、旅游(you)局命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“省(sheng)(sheng)級平安景(jing)區(qu)”,2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)國(guo)土資源部命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質(zhi)公園(yuan)”2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)景(jing)區(qu)創國(guo)家(jia)(jia)4A級旅游(you)景(jing)區(qu)通(tong)過省(sheng)(sheng)級初驗,并正式上報國(guo)家(jia)(jia)旅游(you)局申請驗收評(ping)定。唐宋以來,文人雅士游(you)山玩水(shui)(shui),對終南石甕情有獨鐘,留下了許多(duo)千(qian)古傳誦的(de)(de)勝(sheng)跡。1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月11日,商洛籍著名(ming)作家(jia)(jia)賈平凹游(you)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)題詩(shi):“臉前鳥鳴樹,身后蝶戀花。有乳欲(yu)哺(bu)誰(shui),無(wu)(wu)戲(xi)幕不拉。臥筍(sun)思七(qi)賢,敲(qiao)壁想伯牙。歸來日暮里(li)(li),柴門吃(chi)糍粑。”
水利概況
乾佑河(he)(he)航道。乾佑河(he)(he)由下茅坪流入旬(xun)陽境內,經小(xiao)河(he)(he)口到兩河(he)(he)關匯入旬(xun)河(he)(he),長16公里(li),可通行5噸左右(you)的小(xiao)木船。1972年后,這段貨運(yun)已由鎮旬(xun)公路所(suo)替代。
乾佑河流域的下梁、界牌灣、盈豐三個水電站,共裝機800千瓦,有發電機6臺,常水期出力540千瓦。引(yin)(yin)乾濟石(shi)調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),是西安城區規劃的六大(da)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源之一(yi),陜西省(sheng)(sheng)第(di)一(yi)個南水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北(bei)調(diao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)要(yao)包括引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)樞紐、引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)明渠、沉(chen)沙池、引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞、壓(ya)力(li)管道(dao)、倒虹、匯(hui)流池及(ji)秦(qin)(qin)嶺(ling)(ling)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞等(deng),全程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)無壓(ya)自流輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。通過(guo)三(san)座低(di)壩及(ji)三(san)條引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)支(zhi)渠,將乾佑河(he)上游3條支(zhi)流老林河(he)、太峪河(he)、龍(long)潭河(he)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)引(yin)(yin)至匯(hui)流池,通過(guo)18.04公里長秦(qin)(qin)嶺(ling)(ling)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞調(diao)入到石(shi)砭(bian)峪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)。經水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)調(diao)蓄后,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)西安城市的供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總投資2.01億元,最大(da)引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流量為(wei)(wei)8立方米(mi)/秒,在(zai)流量小于0.3立方米(mi)/秒時不引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),每年(nian)(nian)可(ke)向西安城區調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)4943萬立方米(mi)。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從2003年(nian)(nian)11月30日(ri)開工(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she),建(jian)(jian)設(she)施工(gong)單位(wei)和廣(guang)大(da)建(jian)(jian)設(she)者(zhe)日(ri)夜奮戰,2004年(nian)(nian)12月26日(ri)打通秦(qin)(qin)嶺(ling)(ling)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞,2005年(nian)(nian)7月主(zhu)體工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完工(gong)并試通水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)功。引(yin)(yin)乾濟石(shi)調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是我省(sheng)(sheng)第(di)一(yi)個南水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北(bei)調(diao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),它將長江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系和黃河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系連通,秦(qin)(qin)嶺(ling)(ling)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)是省(sheng)(sheng)內最長的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)。