流域概況
地形地貌
發源地黃花(hua)嶺(ling)(ling):在柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣北老林(lin)(lin)鄉境(jing)(jing)內,其嶺(ling)(ling)多產黃花(hua)草故名。海拔2328米(mi),為(wei)柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)與寧陜之界。黃花(hua)嶺(ling)(ling)緊臨牛背(bei)梁:在柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣北老林(lin)(lin)鄉境(jing)(jing)內,海拔2802.1米(mi)。為(wei)柞(zuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、商洛最高峰。因山(shan)形似牛背(bei)而得名。山(shan)上有羚牛、大(da)小熊貓(mao)等國(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護動物。清代常有虎出現。為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區。
發源地(di)的(de)(de)高(gao)山區(qu)(qu)沿秦嶺主脊海拔(ba)(ba)1500米以(yi)上,面(mian)積201平方公(gong)里(li),占全(quan)縣總面(mian)積的(de)(de)8.62%,相對(dui)高(gao)差(cha)為1300米。是(shi)乾佑(you)(you)、金(jin)井(jing)(jing)、社(she)川(chuan)及(ji)(ji)沙洛河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)源源頭(tou),生長(chang)著(zhu)各(ge)種(zhong)林木(mu)。由于重巒(luan)疊嶂(zhang),溝深(shen)谷(gu)狹,切割程度(du)(du)(du)大,加(jia)之(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)低(di),降(jiang)水(shui)多,日照(zhao)不足(zu),無霜(shuang)期(qi)短,農(nong)作(zuo)物生長(chang)遲(chi)緩。海拔(ba)(ba)1900米已(yi)達到(dao)農(nong)作(zuo)物生長(chang)的(de)(de)上限。中(zhong)(zhong)山區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)峽谷(gu)地(di)帶(dai),較(jiao)大河(he)(he)(he)溝間有河(he)(he)(he)谷(gu)階(jie)地(di),山坡坡度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)緩,坡腳土層深(shen)厚,氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he),雨量(liang)充沛,宜農(nong)作(zuo)物生長(chang)。乾佑(you)(you)、金(jin)井(jing)(jing)、社(she)川(chuan)三條河(he)(he)(he)流中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)游沿岸(an)的(de)(de)坡塬階(jie)地(di)及(ji)(ji)低(di)山丘陵地(di),面(mian)積523平方公(gong)里(li),占全(quan)縣總面(mian)積的(de)(de)22.43%,相對(dui)高(gao)差(cha)為200米左(zuo)右。乾佑(you)(you)河(he)(he)(he)在藥王堂以(yi)下(xia)(xia),社(she)川(chuan)河(he)(he)(he)在黃金(jin)李砭以(yi)下(xia)(xia),金(jin)井(jing)(jing)河(he)(he)(he)在肖臺以(yi)下(xia)(xia),是(shi)河(he)(he)(he)谷(gu)較(jiao)寬闊的(de)(de)地(di)帶(dai),具(ju)有亞熱帶(dai)氣(qi)候(hou)特征(zheng),是(shi)柞水(shui)主要產(chan)糧區(qu)(qu),宜栽培油桐、棕櫚、芭蕉等亞熱帶(dai)植物。
旬(xun)陽縣河(he)段,在(zai)(zai)南羊(yang)(yang)山(shan)中(zhong)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),包(bao)括(kuo)旬(xun)陽北部(bu)南羊(yang)(yang)山(shan)山(shan)地海拔(ba)800米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)地區(qu)(qu)(qu),包(bao)括(kuo)羊(yang)(yang)山(shan)、圣駕(jia)、落駕(jia)、楓樹(shu)鄉(xiang)的(de)全部(bu),小嶺(ling)、公(gong)館、三岔(cha)河(he)、張坪鄉(xiang)的(de)大部(bu),共跨越20個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)、120個(ge)(ge)行政(zheng)村和兩個(ge)(ge)國營(ying)林(lin)(lin)場,總面積(ji)677.6平方公(gong)里(li)。其中(zhong)海拔(ba)1800米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)高(gao)山(shan)約占總面積(ji)的(de)13%。西段地勢高(gao)峻,冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)下切急劇,形成(cheng)了深切割的(de)“V”形峽(xia)谷,切割深度1000—1200米(mi),坡度多(duo)(duo)在(zai)(zai)35—45度以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。在(zai)(zai)石灰(hui)巖(yan)山(shan)坡上(shang)有許多(duo)(duo)溶(rong)洞、溶(rong)溝、石芽(ya)峰林(lin)(lin)。山(shan)頂有巖(yan)溶(rong)洼地、巖(yan)溶(rong)丘陵、漏(lou)斗(dou)、落水(shui)(shui)(shui)洞、盲(mang)谷等,有面積(ji)10多(duo)(duo)平方公(gong)里(li)的(de)巖(yan)溶(rong)地貌集中(zhong)分布區(qu)(qu)(qu)。本區(qu)(qu)(qu)海拔(ba)1350米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)山(shan)坡,多(duo)(duo)為天然林(lin)(lin)木覆蓋,為旬(xun)陽主要(yao)林(lin)(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)之一,耕墾(ken)破壞嚴重,墾(ken)殖(zhi)率為60%,坡面的(de)流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)侵蝕也(ye)顯(xian)見(jian)加劇。
沿岸集鎮
柞水縣(xian)營(ying)盤鎮(zhen),地(di)處秦嶺南麓,位于(yu)商(shang)洛(luo)西部,柞水西北部,西與安(an)康市寧陜(shan)縣(xian)相(xiang)接(jie),北于(yu)古(gu)都西安(an)相(xiang)鄰,歷史上曾以軍事戰略地(di)位屯(tun)兵(bing)守營(ying)而得名,清乾(qian)隆年間設(she)置相(xiang)當于(yu)縣(xian)制的(de)孝義廳(ting)而名留史冊,境(jing)內的(de)古(gu)西康之路成為(wei)連(lian)接(jie)湖廣的(de)天(tian)然(ran)紐(niu)帶(dai)(dai),素有“終(zhong)南首邑”、“秦楚咽喉(hou)”之稱,全鎮(zhen)轄9個行(xing)政村(cun),35個村(cun)民小組。營(ying)盤是商(shang)洛(luo)市委、市政府確(que)定重點(dian)建設(she)的(de)商(shang)洛(luo)門戶鎮(zhen),是柞水建設(she)新(xin)農村(cun)“一(yi)鎮(zhen)六小區(qu)”示范鎮(zhen),是乾(qian)佑(you)河百里生態景觀帶(dai)(dai)的(de)起點(dian)鎮(zhen)。營(ying)盤具有獨特的(de)區(qu)位優勢和豐富的(de)自(zi)然(ran)資源優勢。商(shang)洛(luo)市最(zui)高點(dian)所在地(di),牛背梁主峰2802米(mi),是商(shang)洛(luo)市國家級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu);陜(shan)西南水北調工(gong)程所在地(di)——引乾(qian)濟石。
柞水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)城,在乾(qian)佑(you)(you)(you)鎮,位于柞水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)西南部(bu),縣(xian)(xian)城及(ji)其(qi)周圍,原(yuan)為城關(guan)公社,1984年根據(ju)古乾(qian)佑(you)(you)(you)縣(xian)(xian)、乾(qian)佑(you)(you)(you)巡檢司(si),改(gai)為乾(qian)佑(you)(you)(you)鎮,由(you)縣(xian)(xian)直轄。面積44.4平方公里,中共柞水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)乾(qian)佑(you)(you)(you)鎮黨委和鎮政府駐地在柞水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)城北關(guan)。乾(qian)佑(you)(you)(you)河(he)由(you)北向(xiang)南貫穿鎮境(jing)。有干線公路北通(tong)西安,南抵鎮安、安康(kang)、漢中,東達商(shang)州、山陽。境(jing)內界(jie)牌灣以北地區自(zi)秦嬴政二十(shi)六年(前(qian)221)至清乾(qian)隆四十(shi)七年。
下(xia)(xia)梁鎮(zhen),在柞(zuo)水縣(xian)境西南(nan),因境內有(you)(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)梁街而得名(ming)。面積77.5平方公(gong)里(li)(li)。中共柞(zuo)水縣(xian)下(xia)(xia)梁黨委和(he)政(zheng)府駐地在沙坪行(xing)政(zheng)村(cun),距柞(zuo)水縣(xian)城5公(gong)里(li)(li)。下(xia)(xia)梁鄉以(yi)農業(ye)為主,有(you)(you)(you)耕地4104畝(mu)。主要作物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)麥、玉米、雜糧。盛(sheng)產核(he)桃、板(ban)栗。唐代作為貢品的(de)大板(ban)栗產于沙坪。明清(qing)兩代曾引乾(qian)佑河水灌溉,今有(you)(you)(you)明珠(zhu)渠可灌田(tian)1000多畝(mu),并可發電。赤水溝(gou)(gou)(gou)、花園溝(gou)(gou)(gou)、陳家溝(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)(you)(you)磁(ci)鐵礦(kuang),茨(ci)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)(you)(you)黃鐵礦(kuang),乾(qian)佑河沿線有(you)(you)(you)淘金歷史。西安至鎮(zhen)安、柞(zuo)水至商州的(de)干線公(gong)路均(jun)由境內經(jing)過。夜珠(zhu)坪為安業(ye)、乾(qian)元、乾(qian)佑縣(xian)城所(suo)在地。下(xia)(xia)梁在民國以(yi)前歸(gui)(gui)鎮(zhen)安縣(xian)管轄,1950年劃歸(gui)(gui)柞(zuo)水縣(xian)。境內有(you)(you)(you)窟窿巖(又名(ming)出(chu)龍巖)、楊八姐曬裙(qun)嶺(ling)等(deng)名(ming)勝古跡。
石(shi)(shi)(shi)甕鎮(zhen),位于柞水縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)西(xi)南。古時境(jing)(jing)內(nei)有(you)(you)一石(shi)(shi)(shi)甕,《鎮(zhen)安(an)縣(xian)志》有(you)(you)“石(shi)(shi)(shi)甕傳聲”之載(zai)。1958年取名石(shi)(shi)(shi)坪公社,1984年改為石(shi)(shi)(shi)甕鄉(xiang)。東(dong)(dong)鄰(lin)本區杜家村(cun)鄉(xiang),南鄰(lin)鎮(zhen)安(an)回龍鄉(xiang),西(xi)北鄰(lin)本區下梁(liang)鄉(xiang)。面積52.5平(ping)方公里,中共柞水縣(xian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)甕鎮(zhen)黨(dang)委和(he)(he)(he)(he)政府駐(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)甕子(zi),距柞水縣(xian)城20公里。以(yi)(yi)農業為主,主要(yao)作(zuo)物有(you)(you)玉(yu)米、小麥、洋芋、雜糧。西(xi)安(an)至鎮(zhen)安(an)的(de)(de)干(gan)線(xian)公路(lu)由(you)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)通過。馬(ma)蹄灣有(you)(you)鏡鐵(tie)礦(kuang),西(xi)干(gan)溝(gou)、銀(yin)洞(dong)溝(gou)西(xi)坡(po)、龍洞(dong)溝(gou)、北坡(po)、陳家溝(gou)有(you)(you)銅礦(kuang),馬(ma)鞍(an)溝(gou)、東(dong)(dong)干(gan)溝(gou)有(you)(you)重(zhong)晶石(shi)(shi)(shi)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)甕周圍的(de)(de)地(di)貌為巖溶地(di)貌,亦稱喀斯特(te)地(di)貌。有(you)(you)大小溶洞(dong)100多個(ge),主要(yao)有(you)(you)佛爺(ye)、百神(shen)、天洞(dong)、風洞(dong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)金鈴(ling)、玉(yu)霞、探奇、云(yun)霧(wu)等洞(dong)。洞(dong)內(nei)鐘乳、石(shi)(shi)(shi)筍(sun)千姿百態,各具風采。1985年已正式開放佛爺(ye)洞(dong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)天洞(dong),省內(nei)外游人絡繹不(bu)絕。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)還(huan)有(you)(you)天書山、對峰臺(tai)、馬(ma)鞍(an)嶺等名勝(sheng)。西(xi)干(gan)溝(gou)還(huan)有(you)(you)“疑是銀(yin)河落九天”的(de)(de)瀑(pu)布和(he)(he)(he)(he)極為稀少的(de)(de)蛇行樹(shu)。東(dong)(dong)干(gan)溝(gou)有(you)(you)兩棵(ke)冠幅直徑在30米以(yi)(yi)上,高40多米、直徑1.5米的(de)(de)銀(yin)杏樹(shu)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)甕在民國以(yi)(yi)前(qian)歸(gui)鎮(zhen)安(an)管(guan)轄,1950年劃歸(gui)柞水。
鎮(zhen)安(an)縣(xian)城(cheng),在永樂鎮(zhen)謝家灣,位于鎮(zhen)安(an)縣(xian)中部,北靠驪珠山,南側瀕臨(lin)乾佑河支(zhi)流縣(xian)河,乾佑河在縣(xian)城(cheng)東部經過(guo)。明(ming)天順七年(nian)(1463)二(er)月遷建(jian)。縣(xian)城(cheng)經過(guo)明(ming)代和清代前期的擴建(jian),居民(min)不斷增(zeng)加(jia),尤以(yi)東關和南關人煙(yan)稠(chou)密,街市(shi)繁榮(rong)。但因(yin)南關、西(xi)關一帶常(chang)(chang)遭(zao)水(shui)(shui)患(huan),直(zhi)至道光二(er)十二(er)年(nian)(1842)在城(cheng)西(xi)南的三官(guan)廟前筑堤后,水(shui)(shui)患(huan)稍息。咸(xian)豐(feng)、同治年(nian)間,戰亂迭起,加(jia)之護城(cheng)專款(kuan)被官(guan)方挪用(yong),河堤再未修筑,每逢雨季常(chang)(chang)遭(zao)水(shui)(shui)患(huan),居民(min)日稀,大商號(hao)漸少,市(shi)面冷(leng)落。是鎮(zhen)安(an)縣(xian)的政治、經濟、文化、交通(tong)中心。
青銅(tong)關(guan),位于(yu)鎮(zhen)安縣(xian)城南(nan)33公(gong)里,為青銅(tong)關(guan)鎮(zhen)駐地。相(xiang)傳清(qing)代時,街鎮(zhen)住戶房(fang)上多為青藤纏繞,一(yi)片蔥郁,曾名青藤關(guan),后毀于(yu)火。乾佑河臨街,明、清(qing)時可航運。有驛路(lu),水旱兩便。二、五、八日逢(feng)集(ji)(ji),曾為大商(shang)號據(ju)點,以販運土特產為主。1937年后,航道因被洪水沖毀和(he)水量逐年減少(shao),水運中斷。這里為古西(安)康(安康)大道之(zhi)關(guan)隘,有古戰(zhan)場遺跡和(he)青銅(tong)關(guan)隘,鎮(zhen)旬公(gong)路(lu)過境。雖有集(ji)(ji)市,少(shao)商(shang)貿流通。
回龍(long)鎮,集鎮在回龍(long)寺,位(wei)于(yu)鎮安(an)縣(xian)縣(xian)北熊里溝口(kou),距縣(xian)城15公里,乾佑河東岸(an)。屬回龍(long)鄉轄。因河西有(you)座山形(xing)似龍(long),龍(long)首入乾佑河,河水迂回,故名。亦因梓橋(qiao)溝長有(you)檀樹圪(ge)塔(ta),又名圪(ge)塔(ta)寺。縣(xian)屬鎮安(an)二臺子(zi)金礦(kuang)、棗(zao)園(yuan)電站在此(ci)。鎮柞公路傍街(jie)而過。此(ci)處(chu)古今均為礦(kuang)區,有(you)金、銅(tong)、重晶石、石棉(mian)等(deng)礦(kuang)帶。新中(zhong)國建立后,金、銅(tong)礦(kuang)區不斷擴大,產(chan)值逐年增長。
小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)鎮(zhen),乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)(he)沿(yan)岸(an)最(zui)后一(yi)鎮(zhen),地(di)處(chu)(chu)旬(xun)(xun)陽縣城以北(bei)鎮(zhen)旬(xun)(xun)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)48公(gong)(gong)里處(chu)(chu),東與公(gong)(gong)館(guan)(guan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)(he)中下(xia)游旬(xun)(xun)陽縣小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)鎮(zhen)南與趙灣鎮(zhen)相連,西(xi)與桐木鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、仁(ren)河(he)(he)(he)口鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)壤,北(bei)臨鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)縣,素(su)有(you)旬(xun)(xun)陽“北(bei)大門”之稱(cheng)。該(gai)鎮(zhen)于一(yi)九(jiu)九(jiu)六(liu)年十月五日撒區(qu)并鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)時建鎮(zhen),由原小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)區(qu)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)口鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和康坪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合并而成,全鎮(zhen)總面積160平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里。鎮(zhen)政府所(suo)在(zai)地(di)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)集(ji)(ji)鎮(zhen)地(di)處(chu)(chu)乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)(he)與公(gong)(gong)館(guan)(guan)河(he)(he)(he)、102省道與旬(xun)(xun)陽北(bei)環公(gong)(gong)路(lu)交(jiao)匯處(chu)(chu),集(ji)(ji)鎮(zhen)內交(jiao)通(tong)、電力(li)、通(tong)訊,供水等設(she)施齊全,聚(ju)集(ji)(ji)能力(li)較強(qiang);橫跨乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)(he)的(de)旬(xun)(xun)北(bei)環公(gong)(gong)路(lu)大橋和老街鋼架橋將(jiang)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)集(ji)(ji)鎮(zhen)連為一(yi)體。小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)集(ji)(ji)鎮(zhen)不僅(jin)是公(gong)(gong)館(guan)(guan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、桐木鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、仁(ren)河(he)(he)(he)口鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)經(jing)濟貿易、農副(fu)產(chan)品的(de)集(ji)(ji)散地(di),更重要(yao)的(de)是全鎮(zhen)人民政治、經(jing)濟、文化中心,還(huan)是十堰、安(an)(an)康、白河(he)(he)(he)、旬(xun)(xun)陽通(tong)往西(xi)安(an)(an)的(de)主要(yao)通(tong)道和重要(yao)驛站。
名勝古跡
柞水(shui)舊縣關孝義廳城(cheng)遺址:位(wei)于(yu)今柞水(shui)縣城(cheng),西臨乾佑河,東枕后寨山(shan)。建于(yu)清(qing)嘉慶(qing)七年(1802)。全(quan)城(cheng)面(mian)積23410平方(fang)米(mi)(mi),城(cheng)墻為磚砌,周長(chang)1252.25米(mi)(mi),根(gen)深3.33米(mi)(mi),高(gao)3.93米(mi)(mi),底寬3.33米(mi)(mi),頂寬3米(mi)(mi),垛口寬1.85米(mi)(mi),有110個(ge)炮臺座。全(quan)城(cheng)有四門(men),東曰(yue)(yue)迎春,西曰(yue)(yue)靜波(bo),北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)拱極,南曰(yue)(yue)寧遠,南外城(cheng)門(men)曰(yue)(yue)靖南,北(bei)外城(cheng)門(men)曰(yue)(yue)望閥。現(xian)東北(bei)兩面(mian)部分城(cheng)墻和(he)東門(men)樓猶存(cun)。
藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王(wang)曬(shai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)臺(tai):位于藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王(wang)鄉藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王(wang)堂行政村乾佑河(he)西面的山上,面積為120平方米。《孝(xiao)義廳(ting)志》載:“曬(shai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)臺(tai)為藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王(wang)曬(shai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)處(chu)。”附近還有(you)藏(zang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)洞、淘藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)井,均為孫思邈(miao)在(zai)此(ci)所用。后人將此(ci)地(di)取(qu)名(ming)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王(wang)堂并建藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王(wang)廟(miao)祀之。現藏(zang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)洞、曬(shai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)臺(tai)猶存。
舊縣(xian)雄(xiong)關(guan):亦名乾佑關(guan)。在今(jin)柞水縣(xian)城(cheng)南(nan)紅石(shi)崖處。因西臨乾佑河,山勢陡峻險要,有(you)一夫當關(guan),萬夫莫開之勢,唐至清末一直為(wei)兵家(jia)據守(shou)之地。宋代曾派副都統在此鎮(zhen)守(shou)。現西安至鎮(zhen)安的公路由雄(xiong)關(guan)下通過。
對(dui)(dui)峰(feng)臺(tai):位(wei)于(yu)(yu)石(shi)甕鄉西干(gan)溝口(kou),毗鄰佛爺、百(bai)神(shen)二(er)洞(dong)。在一(yi)(yi)座高(gao)(gao)約1000米的峭壁(bi)上,二(er)峰(feng)突起,巍然相(xiang)峙。下(xia)為乾佑河(he),波(bo)濤(tao)翻滾。唐貞觀(guan)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(645),玄奘由印度取經回(hui)國(guo)后(hou),譯經、論75部(bu)(bu),1335卷(juan)。顯(xian)慶(qing)五年(nian)(nian)(660),高(gao)(gao)宗李治倡(chang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)塔、寺,開(kai)(kai)鑿石(shi)窟。宋(song)代靜楠法師著《三藏經觀(guan)·寺廟》載(zai):“唐天(tian)(tian)授二(er)年(nian)(nian)(691),長安高(gao)(gao)僧(seng)(seng)天(tian)(tian)海(hai)越終南至永寧堡(bao)(今(jin)夜(ye)(ye)珠坪),聚僧(seng)(seng)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)誦(song)經。時有(you)老庵寺僧(seng)(seng)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)提(ti)及(ji)縣(xian)(xian)境寺廟頗少。天(tian)(tian)海(hai)游(you)歷一(yi)(yi)日(ri),主建(jian)(jian)(jian)寺廟于(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)峰(feng)臺(tai)上。”僧(seng)(seng)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)力捐(juan)工料,建(jian)(jian)(jian)佛寺一(yi)(yi)間,工速藝(yi)巧,并(bing)塑釋迦像一(yi)(yi)尊。天(tian)(tian)海(hai)高(gao)(gao)僧(seng)(seng)觀(guan)其寺小(xiao)巧玲瓏,興題楹聯一(yi)(yi)首,親書于(yu)(yu)堂柱(zhu)上。上聯曰(yue):“此山就是(shi)(shi)普陀山何必遠道求神(shen)仙”,下(xia)聯曰(yue):“只(zhi)要凡名心(xin)向善回(hui)心(xin)轉意就是(shi)(shi)仙”。佛寺建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)后(hou),僧(seng)(seng)徒(tu)(tu)(tu)又捐(juan)資鑿修盤山小(xiao)道。后(hou)香客不絕,游(you)人日(ri)增。唐萬歲通天(tian)(tian)元年(nian)(nian)(696),今(jin)柞水(shui)東南大部(bu)(bu)和今(jin)鎮安縣(xian)(xian)全境置安業縣(xian)(xian),縣(xian)(xian)城設永寧堡(bao)(夜(ye)(ye)珠坪),對(dui)(dui)峰(feng)臺(tai)為官宦、鎮軍游(you)覽、觀(guan)光和拜佛盛地。金大定二(er)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(1183)對(dui)(dui)峰(feng)臺(tai)佛寺毀(hui)于(yu)(yu)戰(zhan)火之中(zhong)。明萬歷年(nian)(nian)間鎮安縣(xian)(xian)令武安敕令在對(dui)(dui)峰(feng)臺(tai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)祖師殿(dian)三間。溶洞(dong)旅(lv)游(you)區開(kai)(kai)發后(hou),于(yu)(yu)1992年(nian)(nian)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)觀(guan)音(yin)堂,1993年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)23日(ri),舉行了落成(cheng)剪彩儀式,后(hou)即向游(you)人開(kai)(kai)放。
馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鞍嶺:位于石(shi)甕鄉西干(gan)溝(gou)(gou)行政村第四自(zi)然村。因一(yi)山形似馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鞍而得名。在馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鞍嶺的(de)后下(xia)(xia)部,有一(yi)噴泉,噴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)丈許。下(xia)(xia)有一(yi)潭,深5米,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)清見底。相傳,南宋時(shi)期,金(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)入(ru)據,在當地(di)(di)燒殺搶擄(lu),無惡(e)不(bu)作,人(ren)(ren)民被迫(po)以(yi)西干(gan)溝(gou)(gou)為營(ying),飽飲馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鞍泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),操練武(wu)藝,個(ge)個(ge)驍(xiao)勇(yong)過人(ren)(ren),金(jin)(jin)兵屢戰屢敗。金(jin)(jin)將聞知當地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)民的(de)驍(xiao)勇(yong)系飲馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鞍泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)故,在一(yi)個(ge)夜深人(ren)(ren)靜的(de)晚上,率精兵20余(yu)人(ren)(ren),竄至馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鞍泉抽(chou)刀(dao)(dao)斬水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),遭(zao)到(dao)當地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)民的(de)伏擊,只留金(jin)(jin)將一(yi)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)還。金(jin)(jin)將回至軍帳,以(yi)酒澆(jiao)愁,但當他想起(qi)夜間的(de)慘敗情景時(shi),拔刀(dao)(dao)自(zi)刎而死(si)。當時(shi)有人(ren)(ren)為金(jin)(jin)將作了一(yi)個(ge)幅對聯(lian),上聯(lian)為“抽(chou)刀(dao)(dao)斬水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)更(geng)流”,下(xia)(xia)聯(lian)是“借酒澆(jiao)愁愁更(geng)愁”。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鞍嶺附近還有瀑布和(he)奇異樹木——蛇行樹。[17]
云(yun)(yun)(yun)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan):在縣境柞水(shui)縣石甕鎮東干(gan)溝,南臨鎮安(an),海拔1897米。因山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)時有(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧層迭為(wei)臺(tai)(tai)而得名(ming)。開發有(you)柞水(shui)云(yun)(yun)(yun)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景名(ming)勝區。[6] 山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)高峻(jun),不論(lun)春夏秋冬云(yun)(yun)(yun)霧繚(liao)繞,狀(zhuang)極神(shen)秘。清咸豐四年(1854)九月,當地名(ming)醫羅(luo)時義(yi)與世(shi)長辭。人民(min)為(wei)紀(ji)念他一(yi)生為(wei)民(min)治(zhi)病不辭勞(lao)苦的功德,根據他生前(qian)遺言,安(an)葬于云(yun)(yun)(yun)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)上,并建祖(zu)師殿、戲樓。現廟殿、戲樓俱在,羅(luo)祖(zu)師塑像亦保存完整。
柞(zuo)水溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質公園(yuan),位于秦嶺(ling)南麓的柞(zuo)水縣石甕鎮(zhen),距(ju)西安(an)79公里。這里靈山(shan)合(he)攏,秀(xiu)水環繞,氣候宜(yi)人,風(feng)(feng)光秀(xiu)麗。詭麗幽深的118個(ge)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)勾勒出(chu)無(wu)山(shan)不(bu)(bu)洞(dong)(dong)、無(wu)洞(dong)(dong)不(bu)(bu)奇的美妙(miao)境界。是一孔由(you)地球外動力地質作用雕塑出(chu)的自然珍(zhen)品(pin)陳列館,被譽為(wei)(wei)“地質奇觀”、“中國(guo)(guo)名(ming)洞(dong)(dong)”。柞(zuo)水溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)包(bao)括佛爺洞(dong)(dong)、風(feng)(feng)洞(dong)(dong)、百神(shen)洞(dong)(dong)、天洞(dong)(dong)、云霧洞(dong)(dong)等百余個(ge)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)。是陜(shan)西省(sheng)一處以(yi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)和自然景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀為(wei)(wei)主的旅(lv)游(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)。1990年(nian)(nian)被省(sheng)政(zheng)府授予“陜(shan)西省(sheng)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝區(qu)(qu)”,1999年(nian)(nian)又被坪為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)名(ming)洞(dong)(dong),2008年(nian)(nian)被評(ping)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)“AAA”景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu),2009年(nian)(nian)柞(zuo)水溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)被省(sheng)公安(an)廳、旅(lv)游(you)(you)局命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“省(sheng)級平(ping)安(an)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)”,2011年(nian)(nian)被國(guo)(guo)土資源部命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質公園(yuan)”2013年(nian)(nian)柞(zuo)水溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)創國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)4A級旅(lv)游(you)(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)通過省(sheng)級初驗,并正式(shi)上報(bao)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)旅(lv)游(you)(you)局申請驗收評(ping)定(ding)。唐宋以(yi)來(lai),文(wen)人雅士游(you)(you)山(shan)玩水,對終南石甕情有(you)獨(du)鐘(zhong),留下了許多千古傳誦的勝跡(ji)。1994年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)11日,商洛(luo)籍著名(ming)作家(jia)(jia)賈平(ping)凹游(you)(you)洞(dong)(dong)題詩:“臉前鳥鳴(ming)樹,身后蝶戀花。有(you)乳欲哺誰,無(wu)戲幕不(bu)(bu)拉。臥筍思七(qi)賢,敲壁(bi)想伯牙(ya)。歸來(lai)日暮(mu)里,柴門吃(chi)糍粑。”
水利概況
乾佑(you)河(he)航道。乾佑(you)河(he)由(you)下(xia)茅坪(ping)流入旬陽(yang)境內,經小河(he)口到兩河(he)關匯入旬河(he),長16公里(li),可(ke)通行5噸左右的(de)小木船。1972年后,這段貨運已由(you)鎮旬公路(lu)所替代(dai)。
乾佑河流域的下梁、界牌灣、盈豐三個水電站,共裝機800千瓦,有發電機6臺,常水期出力540千瓦。引(yin)(yin)(yin)乾濟石調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),是(shi)西安(an)城(cheng)區規劃的(de)六(liu)大(da)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)之一(yi)(yi)(yi),陜西省(sheng)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個南(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調(diao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要包括(kuo)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)樞(shu)紐、引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)明渠、沉(chen)沙池(chi)、引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞、壓(ya)力(li)管道、倒虹、匯(hui)流(liu)池(chi)及秦(qin)(qin)(qin)嶺(ling)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞等(deng),全(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為無(wu)壓(ya)自(zi)流(liu)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。通過三座低壩及三條(tiao)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)支(zhi)渠,將乾佑河(he)上游(you)3條(tiao)支(zhi)流(liu)老林河(he)、太(tai)峪河(he)、龍潭河(he)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)引(yin)(yin)(yin)至匯(hui)流(liu)池(chi),通過18.04公里(li)長(chang)(chang)(chang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)嶺(ling)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞調(diao)入到石砭(bian)峪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。經水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫調(diao)蓄后,成為西安(an)城(cheng)市的(de)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)投資2.01億元,最大(da)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)量為8立方米(mi)/秒,在流(liu)量小于(yu)0.3立方米(mi)/秒時不引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),每年(nian)可(ke)向(xiang)西安(an)城(cheng)區調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)4943萬立方米(mi)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從2003年(nian)11月30日開工(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)設,建(jian)設施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位和廣大(da)建(jian)設者日夜奮戰,2004年(nian)12月26日打(da)通秦(qin)(qin)(qin)嶺(ling)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞,2005年(nian)7月主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)并試通水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成功。引(yin)(yin)(yin)乾濟石調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)我省(sheng)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個南(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調(diao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),它將長(chang)(chang)(chang)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和黃河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)連(lian)通,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)嶺(ling)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧道是(shi)省(sheng)內最長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利隧道。