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一.產品介紹

當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)，（學名(ming)(ming)：Angelica sinensis，）別名(ming)(ming)干歸(gui)(gui)、秦哪、西當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)、岷當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)、金(jin)當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)、當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)身、涵歸(gui)(gui)尾(wei)、當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)曲、土(tu)當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)，多年(nian)生草本，高0.4-1米。花期6-7月，果期7-9月。

中國1957年從歐(ou)(ou)洲引種歐(ou)(ou)當歸(gui)。主(zhu)產甘肅東南(nan)(nan)部，以岷縣產量多，質量好，其次(ci)為(wei)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)、四川、陜(shan)西、湖北等省，均為(wei)栽(zai)培。國內有(you)些省區也已引種栽(zai)培。

其根可入藥(yao)，是最常用的(de)中藥(yao)之一。具有補血和血，調經止(zhi)痛，潤燥滑腸、抗癌 、抗老(lao)防老(lao)、免疫之功(gong)效(xiao)。

形態特征

多年生草(cao)本，高0.4-1米(mi)。根圓(yuan)柱狀(zhuang)，分枝，有(you)多數(shu)肉質須根，黃棕色，有(you)濃郁香氣。莖直立，綠白(bai)色或(huo)帶紫色，有(you)縱深溝紋，光滑(hua)無毛。

葉

葉三出式二至三回羽(yu)狀分裂，葉柄(bing)長3-11厘米，基部膨大(da)成管狀的(de)薄(bo)膜質(zhi)鞘，紫色(se)或綠色(se)，基生葉及莖下(xia)部葉輪廓為卵形(xing)(xing)，長8-18厘米，寬15-20厘米，小(xiao)葉片3對，下(xia)部的(de)1對小(xiao)葉柄(bing)長0.5-1.5厘米，近頂端的(de)1對無柄(bing)，末回裂片卵形(xing)(xing)或卵狀披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)，長1-2厘米，寬5-15毫米，2-3淺裂，邊緣有缺刻狀鋸齒(chi)，齒(chi)端有尖(jian)頭；葉下(xia)表面及邊緣被稀(xi)疏的(de)

乳(ru)頭狀白色細毛(mao)；莖上部葉(xie)簡化成囊狀的鞘(qiao)和羽狀分(fen)裂的葉(xie)片。

花

復傘形(xing)(xing)花(hua)序(xu)，花(hua)序(xu)梗長(chang)4-7厘(li)米，密被細(xi)(xi)柔毛；傘輻(fu)9-30；總苞(bao)片2，線形(xing)(xing)，或無；小傘形(xing)(xing)花(hua)序(xu)有花(hua)13-36；小總苞(bao)片2-4，線形(xing)(xing)；花(hua)白色，花(hua)柄密被細(xi)(xi)柔毛；萼齒(chi)5，卵形(xing)(xing)；花(hua)瓣(ban)長(chang)卵形(xing)(xing)，頂端狹尖，內折；花(hua)柱短，花(hua)柱基圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)。花(hua)期6-7個月。

果

果(guo)(guo)實(shi)橢圓至卵形(xing)，長(chang)4-6毫米，寬3-4毫米，背棱(leng)線(xian)形(xing)，隆起，側(ce)棱(leng)成寬而(er)薄(bo)的(de)翅，與(yu)果(guo)(guo)體(ti)等寬或略寬，翅邊緣淡紫(zi)色(se)，棱(leng)槽內(nei)有油管1，合(he)生面油管2。果(guo)(guo)期7-9月。

生長習性

為低溫長日照作物，宜高寒涼爽氣候，在海拔1500-3000m左右均可栽培。在低(di)海的地區栽培(pei)抽(chou)苔(tai)率(lv)高(gao)，不(bu)易越夏。幼(you)苗期喜陰，透光度為10%，忌烈日直曬；成株能耐強光。

宜(yi)土(tu)層深厚、疏松、排水良好、肥(fei)沃富(fu)含腐殖(zhi)質(zhi)的(de)砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)壤土(tu)栽(zai)(zai)培，不宜(yi)在低洼積水或(huo)者易板結的(de)粘(zhan)土(tu)和貧瘠(ji)的(de)砂(sha)(sha)質(zhi)土(tu)栽(zai)(zai)種，忌連(lian)作。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1 地質(zhi)與(yu)地貌 種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)地處云貴高(gao)原(yuan)西北部，地勢西北高(gao)，東南低，地形復雜。最高(gao)海撥3600m，最低海拔(ba)1800m,平(ping)均海拔(ba)2800m,適宜種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)海拔(ba)為(wei)2200m～3600m；土(tu)壤類型(xing)以棕色針葉林(lin)土(tu)、暗棕壤、棕壤，PH值5.0～6.0，土(tu)層深厚(hou)，具有(you)(you)夜潮(chao)性，自然(ran)肥力較高(gao)，有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)豐富(fu)；森林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)高(gao)，生(sheng)態環境良好。 2.2水(shui)文情況 種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)的(de)主(zhu)要河流是漾弓江(jiang)，屬(shu)金(jin)沙(sha)江(jiang)水(shui)系；漾弓江(jiang)由北向南貫穿縣境，最后流入金(jin)沙(sha)江(jiang)，水(shui)資源豐富(fu)，水(shui)質(zhi)良好，無(wu)污染。 2.3氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件 種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)屬(shu)亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，濕度大，立體氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特征明顯(xian)，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均溫(wen)度9.6℃，最熱(re)月(yue)（6月(yue)）均溫(wen)14.2℃，最冷月(yue)（1月(yue)）均溫(wen)1.9℃，年(nian)(nian)總積(ji)溫(wen)3255.6℃，無(wu)霜(shuang)期150d，年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)為(wei)1267.7㎜，降(jiang)雨(yu)主(zhu)要集中在每年(nian)(nian)的(de)6—9月(yue)份，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均濕度66﹪。冬無(wu)嚴寒，夏無(wu)酷暑。年(nian)(nian)溫(wen)度變(bian)幅小，日溫(wen)差較大；干濕季分明，有(you)(you)利(li)于馬(ma)廠當歸Angelica sinensis（Oliv.）Diels的(de)生(sheng)長和有(you)(you)效年(nian)(nian)份積(ji)累(lei)，是種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)最佳氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)類型(xing)。

三.地域范圍

馬(ma)廠當歸Angelica sinensis（Oliv.）Diels產地位于云(yun)南(nan)省(sheng)大理白族自(zi)治州(zhou)鶴慶縣境內，涉及草海鎮(zhen)(zhen)、松桂(gui)鎮(zhen)(zhen)和金墩鄉3個鄉（鎮(zhen)(zhen)）；地理坐標為：東(dong)(dong)經100°03′～100°15′，北(bei)緯26°25′～26°38′之(zhi)間，東(dong)(dong)西長35.28千米(mi)，南(nan)北(bei)寬20.64千米(mi)，種(zhong)植面積(ji)5000公頃(qing)，年(nian)產量15000噸(dun)。

四.產品品質特性特征

馬(ma)廠(chang)當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis（Oliv.）Diels是一種藥食兩用的作物，植株外表(biao)(biao)灰(hui)棕色(se)或棕褐色(se)，全體具縱皺(zhou)紋，支根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)尤(you)多(duo)，歸(gui)(gui)頭(tou)頂(ding)端圓平(ping)，有(you)莖(jing)葉殘基，常有(you)不(bu)顯著(zhu)皺(zhou)紋，歸(gui)(gui)身略呈(cheng)圓柱形，身面(mian)凹凸不(bu)平(ping)，鮮歸(gui)(gui)全歸(gui)(gui)一般長10—25cm，可分為3部(bu)(bu)：根(gen)(gen)(gen)頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)稱“歸(gui)(gui)頭(tou)”，主根(gen)(gen)(gen)稱“歸(gui)(gui)身”，支根(gen)(gen)(gen)及支根(gen)(gen)(gen)稍部(bu)(bu)稱“歸(gui)(gui)尾”。其(qi)下生(sheng)有(you)3—5條或更多(duo)的歸(gui)(gui)尾，歸(gui)(gui)尾上(shang)粗下細，多(duo)扭曲(qu)，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)有(you)小疙(ge)瘩狀(zhuang)的須(xu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)痕(hen)跡。 4.2內在品質特征 馬(ma)廠(chang)當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis（Oliv.）Diels具有(you)油質重、質地(di)柔韌，斷(duan)面(mian)黃白(bai)色(se)的特征。氣清香濃(nong)厚、味甘微(wei)苦(ku)辛、性溫。其(qi)中，阿魏酸含量≥0.050%，揮發(fa)油≥0.4%，水分含量≤15.0%。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇 選(xuan)(xuan)擇種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣溫(wen)(wen)9.6℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)總積溫(wen)(wen)3255.6℃，無霜期(qi)150d，海拔(ba)(ba)在(zai)(zai)2200～3600m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)寒山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均日照時(shi)(shi)(shi)數不(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2071.7h，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均降雨(yu)量(liang)1267.7mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)、半山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)。 3.2 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植歷史(shi)悠久，已有(you)100多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)，經長(chang)(chang)期(qi)馴化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“紫莖(jing)(jing)”、“綠(lv)莖(jing)(jing)”良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，具(ju)有(you)抗逆、抗寒、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。 3.3 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技術 3.3.1整地(di)(di) 當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)輪作(zuo)作(zuo)物，選(xuan)(xuan)擇前茬為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)稞、馬鈴薯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊，切忌連作(zuo)。前作(zuo)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，清除(chu)田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)雜草(cao)(cao)，施(shi)入(ru)(ru)腐熟(shu)(shu)農家肥(fei)15t/ hm2，理溝(gou)蓋(gai)(gai)墑(di)，墑(di)寬(kuan)(kuan)1.5m，溝(gou)深(shen)0.16m， 溝(gou)寬(kuan)(kuan)0.26m，土(tu)(tu)(tu)塊打碎、土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)混勻(yun)。 3.3.2適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一般在(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)—7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)與(yu)蔓(man)(man)(man)菁(jing)混種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植模式。當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)蔓(man)(man)(man)菁(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)按一定比例均勻(yun)撒施(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)墑(di)面，然(ran)(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)蓋(gai)(gai)0.5～1㎝細土(tu)(tu)(tu)，以(yi)蓋(gai)(gai)住種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du)(du)，再(zai)用掃帚(zhou)輕拍，使(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)和(he)(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)緊貼。蓋(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)過(guo)(guo)厚或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)過(guo)(guo)薄， 會影響當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)率和(he)(he)(he)整齊(qi)度(du)(du)。 3.3.3除(chu)草(cao)(cao)松土(tu)(tu)(tu) 蔓(man)(man)(man)菁(jing)7～8d出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)15d左右出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)15～20d，間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu)過(guo)(guo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔓(man)(man)(man)菁(jing)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，薅鋤(chu)(chu)(chu)田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)雜草(cao)(cao)，結合(he)鋤(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)進(jin)行松土(tu)(tu)(tu)。鋤(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)遵循“中間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)深(shen)，兩(liang)頭(tou)淺”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，即(ji)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)子(zi)幼小(xiao)和(he)(he)(he)立秋后(hou)(hou)(hou)都不(bu)宜深(shen)鋤(chu)(chu)(chu)；視雜草(cao)(cao)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)與(yu)蔓(man)(man)(man)菁(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀密(mi)(mi)(mi)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)不(bu)定期(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)3～4次。 3.3.4間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、施(shi)肥(fei)、培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu) 當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)撒播(bo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底蔓(man)(man)(man)菁(jing)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)(gao)8㎝左右，莖(jing)(jing)粗(cu)0.2～0.3㎝，在(zai)(zai)根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)施(shi)有(you)機肥(fei)15t/hm2，并進(jin)行培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，起到保溫(wen)(wen)、保濕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，使(shi)其安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)冬(dong)。 翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)氣溫(wen)(wen)回(hui)升，當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)開始(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，到4～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)(gao)20-25㎝，開始(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu)過(guo)(guo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，薅鋤(chu)(chu)(chu)雜草(cao)(cao)，每㎡留(liu)10株(zhu)(zhu)左右，追施(shi)尿(niao)素180㎏∕hm2，再(zai)培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。 3.3.5及時(shi)(shi)(shi)拔(ba)(ba)苔 7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，及時(shi)(shi)(shi)拔(ba)(ba)除(chu)抽苔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)植株(zhu)(zhu)﹙當(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)俗(su)稱“公歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”﹚，因抽苔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植株(zhu)(zhu)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)木質(zhi)化，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)柴根(gen)(gen)(gen)，失去(qu)藥(yao)用價值。 3.3.6病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治 以(yi)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主，綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)(wei)原則(ze)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)規(gui)律及時(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治。 主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治：病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)主要有(you)根(gen)(gen)(gen)腐病(bing)(bing)(bing)，受害(hai)植株(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)尖和(he)(he)(he)幼根(gen)(gen)(gen)呈水漬狀，隨后(hou)(hou)(hou)變黃(huang)脫落，主根(gen)(gen)(gen)呈銹黃(huang)色腐爛。發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初(chu)期(qi)挖(wa)出(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)，用石灰消毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)穴(xue)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)用50%多(duo)(duo)菌靈500倍液灌病(bing)(bing)(bing)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蔓(man)(man)(man)延(yan)。 3.4 采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou) 3.4.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 次年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)小(xiao)雪節令后(hou)(hou)(hou)，適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)人工(gong)(gong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)植株(zhu)(zhu)枯萎、葉片發(fa)黃(huang)、營養物質(zhi)已向根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)轉移，根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)營養器官已成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，即(ji)可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)挖(wa)。 3.4.2采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)方法 采(cai)(cai)(cai)挖(wa)前，先將地(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)莖(jing)(jing)葉割收(shou)(shou)，讓太陽暴曬(shai)3～5d，既有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發(fa)，便(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)挖(wa)，又有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積累和(he)(he)(he)轉化，使(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)更加(jia)飽滿充實。采(cai)(cai)(cai)挖(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)力求根(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)完整無缺，挖(wa)起后(hou)(hou)(hou)抖凈(jing)泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)，揀除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)，運(yun)回(hui)初(chu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)投入(ru)(ru)市場銷(xiao)(xiao)售鮮當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。 3.5初(chu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong) 收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，主根(gen)(gen)(gen)粗(cu)壯者(zhe)，剪(jian)去(qu)側根(gen)(gen)(gen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)，把歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)攤(tan)在(zai)(zai)籬笆上(shang)(shang)(shang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)潔(jie)凈(jing)地(di)(di)面上(shang)(shang)(shang)自然(ran)(ran)晾(liang)曬(shai)。晾(liang)曬(shai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)注意翻動(dong)，晚間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)收(shou)(shou)回(hui)，晾(liang)在(zai)(zai)通(tong)風(feng)處(chu)(chu)；剪(jian)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支根(gen)(gen)(gen)和(he)(he)(he)須根(gen)(gen)(gen)俗(su)稱歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)膀(bang)和(he)(he)(he)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)須，分(fen)類晾(liang)曬(shai)；體形細長(chang)(chang)者(zhe)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)比較瘦小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)保留(liu)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)不(bu)能陰干(gan)(gan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)太陽暴曬(shai)，陰干(gan)(gan)質(zhi)輕、皮肉發(fa)青(qing)；太陽暴曬(shai)，皮肉變紅，失去(qu)油(you)性(xing)，降低(di)品質(zhi)。晾(liang)曬(shai)至全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)干(gan)(gan)即(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)品，可(ke)(ke)分(fen)級包(bao)裝(zhuang)外銷(xiao)(xiao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)入(ru)(ru)庫貯存(cun)。歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)可(ke)(ke)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)片，歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)粉。 3.6留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 選(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)主莖(jing)(jing)獨(du)立，側枝(zhi)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植株(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)母歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)集中移栽在(zai)(zai)選(xuan)(xuan)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 地(di)(di)段上(shang)(shang)(shang)，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用，翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后(hou)(hou)(hou)開始(shi)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)開花，9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)。將摘下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)穗(sui)扎成(cheng)小(xiao)把，懸掛于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)室內通(tong)風(feng)、干(gan)(gan)燥、無煙(yan)處(chu)(chu)，使(shi)其充分(fen)干(gan)(gan)燥，除(chu)凈(jing)雜質(zhi)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)封貯存(cun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)干(gan)(gan)燥涼(liang)爽處(chu)(chu)，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)第二年(nian)(nian)(nian)當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)使(shi)用。選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)要求成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)、籽粒飽滿充實；直播(bo)栽培(pei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)早、發(fa)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)旺，生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)迅速，是獲(huo)得(de)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要因素。 3.7生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu) 馬廠當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis（Oliv.）Diels生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)立生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)檔案，對(dui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況，病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況，農藥(yao)肥(fei)料使(shi)用情(qing)(qing)(qing)況，采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)運(yun)輸情(qing)(qing)(qing)況進(jin)行全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面記(ji)錄(lu)并妥(tuo)善保存(cun)，以(yi)備查閱。

六.包裝標識相關規定

嚴格遵守《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)規范(fan)》，實行公共(gong)標識與地域產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)相結合(he)的使(shi)(shi)用(yong)制度。在保(bao)護地域范(fan)圍內的地理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)者，在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或包裝上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)已獲登記(ji)保(bao)護的農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)，須向登記(ji)證書持(chi)有人提出申請，簽定標志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)協議，并按照(zhao)相關要求(qiu)規范(fan)生產(chan)(chan)和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)標志(zhi)(zhi)，統一(yi)采用(yong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)和農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)公共(gong)標識相結合(he)的標識標注方法。