一.產品介紹
當歸(gui),(學名:Angelica sinensis,)別名干歸(gui)、秦哪(na)、西當歸(gui)、岷當歸(gui)、金當歸(gui)、當歸(gui)身、涵(han)歸(gui)尾(wei)、當歸(gui)曲、土當歸(gui),多年生(sheng)草本,高0.4-1米。花(hua)期6-7月,果期7-9月。
中國(guo)1957年從歐洲引種歐當(dang)歸。主產(chan)(chan)甘肅東(dong)南部,以岷(min)縣產(chan)(chan)量多,質量好,其次為云南、四川、陜西(xi)、湖北(bei)等省(sheng),均為栽(zai)(zai)培。國(guo)內有些省(sheng)區也(ye)已引種栽(zai)(zai)培。
其(qi)根可入藥,是最(zui)常(chang)用的中藥之一。具有補血和血,調(diao)經止痛,潤燥滑腸、抗癌 、抗老防老、免疫(yi)之功效。
形態特征
多年生草本,高(gao)0.4-1米。根圓柱狀,分枝(zhi),有(you)多數肉質須(xu)根,黃棕色(se),有(you)濃郁香氣。莖直立,綠白色(se)或(huo)帶紫色(se),有(you)縱深(shen)溝紋,光滑無毛。
葉
葉(xie)(xie)(xie)三(san)出式二至三(san)回羽狀(zhuang)分(fen)裂,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長3-11厘米(mi),基(ji)部(bu)膨大成管狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)薄(bo)膜質鞘,紫色或綠(lv)色,基(ji)生葉(xie)(xie)(xie)及(ji)莖下部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)輪廓(kuo)為(wei)卵(luan)形,長8-18厘米(mi),寬(kuan)15-20厘米(mi),小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片3對(dui),下部(bu)的(de)(de)1對(dui)小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長0.5-1.5厘米(mi),近頂端的(de)(de)1對(dui)無柄(bing),末(mo)回裂片卵(luan)形或卵(luan)狀(zhuang)披針形,長1-2厘米(mi),寬(kuan)5-15毫米(mi),2-3淺裂,邊緣有(you)缺刻狀(zhuang)鋸齒(chi),齒(chi)端有(you)尖頭;葉(xie)(xie)(xie)下表面及(ji)邊緣被稀疏的(de)(de)
乳頭狀(zhuang)白(bai)色細毛;莖(jing)上部葉簡化成(cheng)囊狀(zhuang)的鞘和羽狀(zhuang)分裂(lie)的葉片。
花
復傘(san)形花(hua)序(xu),花(hua)序(xu)梗長4-7厘米(mi),密被細柔(rou)毛;傘(san)輻9-30;總(zong)苞片(pian)2,線形,或無(wu);小傘(san)形花(hua)序(xu)有花(hua)13-36;小總(zong)苞片(pian)2-4,線形;花(hua)白色,花(hua)柄密被細柔(rou)毛;萼(e)齒5,卵形;花(hua)瓣長卵形,頂端狹尖,內折;花(hua)柱短,花(hua)柱基圓錐(zhui)形。花(hua)期6-7個(ge)月。
果
果實橢(tuo)圓至卵形(xing)(xing),長(chang)4-6毫(hao)米,寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3-4毫(hao)米,背棱(leng)線(xian)形(xing)(xing),隆起(qi),側(ce)棱(leng)成寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)而(er)薄的(de)翅,與果體等寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)或略寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan),翅邊緣(yuan)淡紫色,棱(leng)槽內有油管1,合(he)生面油管2。果期(qi)7-9月。
生長習性
為低溫長日照作物,宜高寒涼爽氣候,在海拔1500-3000m左右均可栽培。在低海的地區栽(zai)培抽苔率高,不易(yi)越夏。幼苗期喜陰,透光度(du)為10%,忌烈日(ri)直曬;成株能耐強光。
宜土層(ceng)深厚、疏松、排水良(liang)好(hao)、肥沃富含腐殖質(zhi)的砂質(zhi)壤(rang)土栽培,不宜在低洼積水或者易板結的粘土和(he)貧瘠的砂質(zhi)土栽種,忌連作。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 地(di)質(zhi)與地(di)貌 種(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)地(di)處(chu)云(yun)貴(gui)高原西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部,地(di)勢西(xi)北(bei)(bei)高,東南低,地(di)形復雜。最(zui)(zui)高海(hai)撥(bo)3600m,最(zui)(zui)低海(hai)拔1800m,平均(jun)海(hai)拔2800m,適宜種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)海(hai)拔為2200m~3600m;土壤類型(xing)以(yi)棕(zong)(zong)色(se)針(zhen)葉林(lin)土、暗(an)棕(zong)(zong)壤、棕(zong)(zong)壤,PH值(zhi)5.0~6.0,土層深厚(hou),具有夜潮性(xing),自然肥力(li)較高,有機質(zhi)含量豐(feng)富;森林(lin)覆蓋率高,生(sheng)態(tai)環境良好(hao)。 2.2水(shui)文情(qing)況 種(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要河(he)流是(shi)漾(yang)弓江,屬金沙江水(shui)系(xi);漾(yang)弓江由(you)北(bei)(bei)向南貫穿縣境,最(zui)(zui)后流入金沙江,水(shui)資源豐(feng)富,水(shui)質(zhi)良好(hao),無(wu)污染(ran)。 2.3氣候(hou)條件 種(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)屬亞熱(re)帶季(ji)風(feng)氣候(hou),濕度(du)大,立(li)體氣候(hou)特征明(ming)顯,年平均(jun)溫度(du)9.6℃,最(zui)(zui)熱(re)月(6月)均(jun)溫14.2℃,最(zui)(zui)冷月(1月)均(jun)溫1.9℃,年總積溫3255.6℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)150d,年降雨量為1267.7㎜,降雨主(zhu)(zhu)要集(ji)中在每年的(de)6—9月份,年平均(jun)濕度(du)66﹪。冬無(wu)嚴寒,夏(xia)無(wu)酷暑。年溫度(du)變幅小,日(ri)溫差較大;干濕季(ji)分明(ming),有利于馬(ma)廠當歸Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels的(de)生(sheng)長和有效(xiao)年份積累,是(shi)種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)最(zui)(zui)佳氣候(hou)類型(xing)。
三.地域范圍
馬廠當(dang)歸Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels產地位于云南(nan)省大理白族自(zi)治州鶴慶縣(xian)境內,涉及草海鎮、松桂鎮和金墩鄉(xiang)3個(ge)鄉(xiang)(鎮);地理坐(zuo)標為:東經100°03′~100°15′,北緯26°25′~26°38′之(zhi)間,東西(xi)長35.28千(qian)米(mi),南(nan)北寬(kuan)20.64千(qian)米(mi),種植(zhi)面積5000公頃,年產量15000噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特性特征
馬廠(chang)當歸(gui)(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels是一種藥食兩用的作物,植株(zhu)外表灰棕色(se)或棕褐色(se),全體具縱皺(zhou)(zhou)紋,支(zhi)(zhi)根(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu)尤多,歸(gui)(gui)(gui)頭頂端圓(yuan)平,有莖葉(xie)殘(can)基,常有不顯著皺(zhou)(zhou)紋,歸(gui)(gui)(gui)身略呈(cheng)圓(yuan)柱形,身面(mian)凹凸(tu)不平,鮮歸(gui)(gui)(gui)全歸(gui)(gui)(gui)一般長10—25cm,可(ke)分為3部(bu)(bu):根(gen)(gen)頭部(bu)(bu)稱(cheng)(cheng)“歸(gui)(gui)(gui)頭”,主根(gen)(gen)稱(cheng)(cheng)“歸(gui)(gui)(gui)身”,支(zhi)(zhi)根(gen)(gen)及(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)根(gen)(gen)稍(shao)部(bu)(bu)稱(cheng)(cheng)“歸(gui)(gui)(gui)尾”。其(qi)下生有3—5條或更多的歸(gui)(gui)(gui)尾,歸(gui)(gui)(gui)尾上粗(cu)下細,多扭曲,表面(mian)有小疙瘩狀的須根(gen)(gen)痕跡。 4.2內在品(pin)質特(te)征 馬廠(chang)當歸(gui)(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels具有油質重、質地柔韌,斷面(mian)黃白色(se)的特(te)征。氣清(qing)香濃厚、味甘微苦辛、性溫。其(qi)中,阿(a)魏酸含(han)量(liang)≥0.050%,揮發(fa)油≥0.4%,水分含(han)量(liang)≤15.0%。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 產地(di)(di)選擇(ze) 選擇(ze)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)9.6℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)總積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)3255.6℃,無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)(qi)150d,海拔(ba)在2200~3600m的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)寒山區(qu)(qu)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)日照時(shi)(shi)數不低于2071.7h,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降雨(yu)量1267.7mm的(de)(de)山區(qu)(qu)、半(ban)山區(qu)(qu)。 3.2 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)史(shi)悠久,已有100多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi),經(jing)長期(qi)(qi)馴(xun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)“紫莖(jing)”、“綠(lv)莖(jing)”良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具有抗逆、抗寒、產量高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)特點。 3.3 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu) 3.3.1整地(di)(di) 當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)輪作(zuo)(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)物,選擇(ze)前茬為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青稞、馬鈴薯(shu)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊,切忌連作(zuo)(zuo)。前作(zuo)(zuo)收(shou)獲后(hou)(hou)(hou),清除(chu)(chu)田間雜(za)草(cao)(cao),施入腐(fu)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)農家肥15t/ hm2,理溝蓋墑,墑寬1.5m,溝深(shen)0.16m, 溝寬0.26m,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)塊打(da)碎、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥混勻。 3.3.2適時(shi)(shi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)間一(yi)般(ban)在6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)—7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun),采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)與(yu)(yu)蔓(man)(man)菁混種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)傳統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模式。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)蔓(man)(man)菁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)按一(yi)定(ding)比(bi)例(li)均(jun)勻撒施于墑面(mian),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)蓋0.5~1㎝細土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),以(yi)(yi)蓋住種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)度(du),再用(yong)(yong)(yong)掃帚輕(qing)拍,使(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子和(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)緊(jin)貼。蓋土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)過(guo)(guo)厚或(huo)過(guo)(guo)薄(bo), 會(hui)影響當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)率和(he)整齊度(du)。 3.3.3除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)松土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu) 蔓(man)(man)菁7~8d出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)15d左(zuo)右(you)(you)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)15~20d,間去(qu)過(guo)(guo)密(mi)的(de)(de)蔓(man)(man)菁苗(miao)(miao)(miao),薅鋤(chu)田間雜(za)草(cao)(cao),結合鋤(chu)草(cao)(cao)進行(xing)松土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。鋤(chu)草(cao)(cao)遵循“中間深(shen),兩頭(tou)淺”的(de)(de)原則,即(ji)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)子幼小(xiao)和(he)立(li)秋(qiu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)都不宜深(shen)鋤(chu);視雜(za)草(cao)(cao)多少與(yu)(yu)蔓(man)(man)菁的(de)(de)稀密(mi)程度(du)不定(ding)期(qi)(qi)間苗(miao)(miao)(miao)3~4次。 3.3.4間苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、施肥、培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu) 當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)撒播(bo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底蔓(man)(man)菁收(shou)獲。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)8㎝左(zuo)右(you)(you),莖(jing)粗(cu)0.2~0.3㎝,在根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)施有機肥15t/hm2,并進行(xing)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)、保(bao)(bao)濕的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),使(shi)其(qi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)冬。 翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)回升,當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)開始生(sheng)長,到(dao)4~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)20-25㎝,開始間苗(miao)(miao)(miao),間去(qu)過(guo)(guo)密(mi)的(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),薅鋤(chu)雜(za)草(cao)(cao),每㎡留(liu)10株左(zuo)右(you)(you),追施尿(niao)素(su)180㎏∕hm2,再培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。 3.3.5及時(shi)(shi)拔(ba)苔(tai) 7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),及時(shi)(shi)拔(ba)除(chu)(chu)抽(chou)苔(tai)的(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株﹙當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)俗(su)稱“公歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”﹚,因抽(chou)苔(tai)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株,根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)木質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柴根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen),失(shi)去(qu)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)價(jia)值。 3.3.6病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治 以(yi)(yi)預(yu)防(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),綜合防(fang)治為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原則,根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)規律(lv)及時(shi)(shi)防(fang)治。 主(zhu)要病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治:病(bing)害(hai)(hai)主(zhu)要有根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)腐(fu)病(bing),受害(hai)(hai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)尖和(he)幼根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)呈水漬狀(zhuang),隨后(hou)(hou)(hou)變黃脫落(luo),主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)呈銹黃色腐(fu)爛(lan)。發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)挖(wa)(wa)出(chu)病(bing)株,用(yong)(yong)(yong)石灰(hui)消毒病(bing)穴,或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌靈500倍液灌病(bing)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)(yi)防(fang)蔓(man)(man)延。 3.4 采(cai)(cai)收(shou) 3.4.1 采(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)間 次年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)小(xiao)雪(xue)節(jie)令后(hou)(hou)(hou),適時(shi)(shi)人(ren)工(gong)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株枯萎(wei)、葉(xie)片(pian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)黃、營(ying)養物質(zhi)(zhi)已向根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)轉移,根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)營(ying)養器(qi)官已成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi),即(ji)可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)挖(wa)(wa)。 3.4.2采(cai)(cai)收(shou)方法 采(cai)(cai)挖(wa)(wa)前,先將地(di)(di)上(shang)莖(jing)葉(xie)割收(shou),讓太(tai)(tai)陽暴(bao)曬(shai)3~5d,既有利于土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa),便于采(cai)(cai)挖(wa)(wa),又有利于物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)積(ji)累和(he)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua),使(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)更加(jia)飽滿充(chong)實(shi)。采(cai)(cai)挖(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)力(li)求根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)完整無(wu)(wu)缺,挖(wa)(wa)起(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)抖凈(jing)泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),揀除(chu)(chu)病(bing)株,運(yun)回初(chu)加(jia)工(gong)或(huo)投(tou)入市場銷售鮮當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。 3.5初(chu)加(jia)工(gong) 收(shou)獲的(de)(de)鮮當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)粗(cu)壯者,剪去(qu)側(ce)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou),把(ba)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)攤(tan)在籬笆上(shang)或(huo)潔凈(jing)地(di)(di)面(mian)上(shang)自然晾(liang)曬(shai)。晾(liang)曬(shai)時(shi)(shi)注意翻(fan)動,晚間收(shou)回,晾(liang)在通(tong)風處;剪下的(de)(de)支(zhi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)和(he)須根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)俗(su)稱歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)膀和(he)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)須,分(fen)(fen)類晾(liang)曬(shai);體形細長者或(huo)比(bi)較(jiao)瘦小(xiao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)保(bao)(bao)留(liu),加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)不能陰干(gan)(gan)或(huo)太(tai)(tai)陽暴(bao)曬(shai),陰干(gan)(gan)質(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)、皮肉發(fa)(fa)(fa)青;太(tai)(tai)陽暴(bao)曬(shai),皮肉變紅(hong),失(shi)去(qu)油性,降低品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。晾(liang)曬(shai)至全(quan)(quan)干(gan)(gan)即(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)(pin),可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)級包裝外(wai)銷或(huo)入庫貯存。歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)可(ke)(ke)加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)片(pian),歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)粉。 3.6留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 選出(chu)主(zhu)莖(jing)獨立(li),側(ce)枝(zhi)多的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),于6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)集中移栽在選好的(de)(de) 地(di)(di)段上(shang),作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong),翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后(hou)(hou)(hou)開始出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)長,7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)開花(hua),9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)。將摘(zhai)下的(de)(de)果穗扎(zha)成(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)把(ba),懸掛于室內通(tong)風、干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、無(wu)(wu)煙處,使(shi)其(qi)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao),除(chu)(chu)凈(jing)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi),密(mi)封貯存于干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)涼爽處,作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第二年(nian)(nian)(nian)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。選留(liu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子要求成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、籽粒(li)飽滿充(chong)實(shi);直播(bo)栽培(pei)(pei)時(shi)(shi),出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)早、發(fa)(fa)(fa)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)旺,生(sheng)長迅速,是獲得高(gao)(gao)(gao)產的(de)(de)重要因素(su)。 3.7生(sheng)產記錄(lu) 馬廠當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels生(sheng)產的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)過(guo)(guo)程建立(li)生(sheng)產記錄(lu)檔案,對生(sheng)產情況(kuang),病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)情況(kuang),農藥(yao)肥料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)情況(kuang),采(cai)(cai)收(shou)加(jia)工(gong)運(yun)輸情況(kuang)進行(xing)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)記錄(lu)并妥(tuo)善保(bao)(bao)存,以(yi)(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
嚴格遵守《農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)規(gui)范》,實(shi)行公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)與地(di)(di)域產(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱相結合的(de)使(shi)用(yong)制度。在保(bao)護地(di)(di)域范圍內(nei)的(de)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)經營者,在產(chan)品(pin)(pin)或包裝上使(shi)用(yong)已獲登記保(bao)護的(de)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向登記證(zheng)書(shu)持有人提出申(shen)請(qing),簽定標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)協議,并(bing)按照相關要求規(gui)范生產(chan)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),統一采用(yong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱和(he)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)相結合的(de)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)注方法(fa)。