生平經歷
劉劭是宋(song)文帝(di)長子(zi)。宋(song)文帝(di)即位后生(sheng)(sheng)劉劭。因為他(ta)出生(sheng)(sheng)時正(zheng)值劉義隆在服父喪(sang),于是一直(zhi)到喪(sang)期結束,于元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)嘉(jia)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(426年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))閏正(zheng)月時正(zheng)式宣(xuan)布長子(zi)誕生(sheng)(sheng),其實他(ta)并不(bu)是在元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)嘉(jia)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)的,其生(sheng)(sheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)應當在永(yong)初三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(423年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))以(yi)后一直(zhi)到元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)嘉(jia)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)前,應該略大記載上出生(sheng)(sheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)份(fen)一到兩(liang)歲(sui)。
史書記載:“自前代以來,未有人(ren)君即位后皇(huang)(huang)后生(sheng)太子(zi),唯殷(yin)帝(di)乙(yi)既踐阼,正妃生(sheng)紂(zhou),至是又有劭焉。體元居(ju)正,上甚喜(xi)說。”“始生(sheng)三(san)日,帝(di)往(wang)視之,簪帽(mao)甚堅,無風而墜于(yu)劭側,上不悅。初(chu)命之曰劭,在文為(wei)召刀,后惡焉,改刀為(wei)力。年六歲(sui),拜(bai)為(wei)皇(huang)(huang)太子(zi),中(zhong)庶子(zi)二率入直(zhi)永福省,為(wei)更筑(zhu)宮(gong),制(zhi)度嚴(yan)麗。年十二,出居(ju)東宮(gong),納黃門侍郎殷(yin)淳女為(wei)妃。十三(san)加元服。好讀史傳,尤(you)愛弓馬。及長,美須眉,大(da)眼方口,長七尺四寸。親覽宮(gong)事,延賓客(ke),意(yi)之所(suo)欲,上必(bi)從之。東宮(gong)置兵與羽林等。十七年,拜(bai)京陵,大(da)將軍彭(peng)城王劉義(yi)康、竟陵王劉誕、桂陽侯劉義(yi)融并從。”
劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)劭(shao)(shao)(shao)好(hao)讀史傳,尤愛(ai)弓馬。貌美須眉(mei),大眼方口。元(yuan)嘉三十年(453年),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)劭(shao)(shao)(shao)與(yu)弟(di)弟(di)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)濬因事(shi)(shi)遭劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)義(yi)(yi)隆(long)責罵,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)劭(shao)(shao)(shao)遂唆(suo)使女巫嚴道育刻(ke)一劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)義(yi)(yi)隆(long)的玉石雕(diao)像埋(mai)入宮中含章(zhang)殿前,詛咒劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)義(yi)(yi)隆(long)早死。巫蠱事(shi)(shi)發,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)義(yi)(yi)隆(long)大怒,欲廢劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)劭(shao)(shao)(shao)太(tai)子(zi)位。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)劭(shao)(shao)(shao)得知后(hou),遂與(yu)始興王劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)濬率(lv)兵夜闖皇宮,殺父弒君,自立為帝,改元(yuan)“太(tai)初(chu)”。
劉劭(shao)因弒父(fu)篡位,導致眾叛親離。不久,武陵(ling)王江州刺(ci)史劉駿隨即起兵(bing)討伐劉劭(shao),并于5月(yue)20日即皇帝(di)位,6月(yue)16日攻下京城,誅殺劉劭(shao)及劉濬。劉劭(shao)在位僅三(san)個(ge)月(yue),即兵(bing)敗被俘(fu),遭到處斬,史稱元兇。