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形成過程

云(yun)龍(long)河(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)少形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)5千(qian)萬年(nian)前(qian)，從地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)頂(ding)部到(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)底部的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層主要為(wei)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)2.1－2.9億(yi)年(nian)間(jian)、跨二(er)迭與(yu)三迭紀(ji)的(de)(de)灰(hui)巖；全長3.6千(qian)米(mi)、平均深(shen)75米(mi)，平均寬15米(mi)，兩岸(an)陡峭(qiao)，飛瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)狂瀉(xie)、縫(feng)(feng)(feng)底流水(shui)潺潺，上(shang)(shang)通天(tian)水(shui)暗河(he)，下(xia)(xia)聯莽莽清江。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)上(shang)(shang)共有(you)(you)7條(tiao)(tiao)半(ban)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(有(you)(you)一條(tiao)(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)叫(jiao)“半(ban)流瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)”，豐水(shui)期(qi)有(you)(you)，枯水(shui)期(qi)無，故稱半(ban)條(tiao)(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu))。大(da)(da)(da)家看到(dao)的(de)(de)云(yun)龍(long)橋上(shang)(shang)游(you)那條(tiao)(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)，該(gai)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)水(shui)質清澈且在(zai)太陽下(xia)(xia)出(chu)現彩(cai)(cai)虹(hong)(hong)，游(you)客如果有(you)(you)幸見到(dao)這道(dao)彩(cai)(cai)虹(hong)(hong)，必然(ran)顯貴發達。云(yun)龍(long)橋下(xia)(xia)游(you)的(de)(de)那條(tiao)(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)，名為(wei)開陽瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)，瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)中(zhong)含有(you)(you)黃鐵礦，天(tian)長日(ri)久沖刷卵石(shi)(shi)，石(shi)(shi)頭就變成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)顏色，又叫(jiao)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)黃龍(long)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu),下(xia)(xia)方(fang)即是(shi)(shi)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)河(he)。神話中(zhong)女媧補(bu)天(tian)所(suo)用的(de)(de)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)石(shi)(shi)，正是(shi)(shi)這種石(shi)(shi)頭。云(yun)龍(long)河(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)曾是(shi)(shi)云(yun)龍(long)河(he)的(de)(de)伏(fu)流段，以(yi)暗河(he)形(xing)式沉睡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)二(er)、三千(qian)萬年(nian)，后(hou)因(yin)水(shui)流在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)強烈掏蝕(shi)，在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表(biao)不斷剝蝕(shi)、致使暗河(he)頂(ding)部坍塌，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)才得(de)于(yu)(yu)面世(shi)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)恩施大(da)(da)(da)峽(xia)谷(gu)一大(da)(da)(da)奇觀。中(zhong)國地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質大(da)(da)(da)學實(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)考(kao)證，這是(shi)(shi)世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)唯一兩岸(an)不同地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質年(nian)代(dai)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)。右岸(an)為(wei)1.8-2.3億(yi)年(nian)前(qian)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)三迭紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層，左岸(an)是(shi)(shi)2.5-2.8億(yi)年(nian)前(qian)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)二(er)迭紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層。原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)：在(zai)早期(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)殼變動中(zhong)由(you)于(yu)(yu)斷裂作用，使三迭紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層與(yu)二(er)迭紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層呈斷層接(jie)觸，后(hou)經過山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)抬升和水(shui)流沿(yan)斷裂薄弱帶(dai)長期(qi)下(xia)(xia)切、侵蝕(shi)，而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)現在(zai)的(de)(de)深(shen)谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)。

主要景點

“一(yi)核(he)”是云(yun)龍(long)(long)河地縫(feng)景(jing)觀最為精華(hua)的(de)區(qu)域，它涵(han)蓋云(yun)龍(long)(long)橋北部至老(lao)橋南部區(qu)域，在這個核(he)心區(qu)內，規劃有主題觀光和互動(dong)體驗(yan)兩大類差(cha)異化的(de)旅游項目，觀光區(qu)與拓展區(qu)通(tong)過(guo)棧(zhan)道系(xi)統有機聯系(xi)組(zu)合，共同構筑云(yun)龍(long)(long)河地縫(feng)景(jing)區(qu)內主題觀光互動(dong)體驗(yan)核(he)心區(qu)的(de)完整(zheng)游覽環線(xian)。具(ju)體設置(zhi)如(ru)下：

主題觀光區云龍勝景

云(yun)(yun)龍橋(qiao)至老(lao)橋(qiao)區(qu)域(yu)之間的(de)(de)天然峽谷區(qu)域(yu)是(shi)云(yun)(yun)龍河地(di)縫之中(zhong)峽谷景觀特色(se)最(zui)為集中(zhong)的(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)，通(tong)過對該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)環境整治(zhi)、旅(lv)游設(she)施配(pei)置，使其(qi)成為最(zui)能集中(zhong)展示云(yun)(yun)龍河地(di)縫秀美壯(zhuang)麗峽谷景觀的(de)(de)主題觀光區(qu)域(yu)，同時該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)也是(shi)云(yun)(yun)龍河地(di)縫景區(qu)旅(lv)游服務、旅(lv)游管理和(he)基礎設(she)施的(de)(de)集中(zhong)布局區(qu)。

互動體驗區峽谷丹心

由(you)云龍河老橋往南，在地(di)縫東岸(an)(an)絕(jue)壁修建(jian)棧道(dao)，通過索橋連接西(xi)岸(an)(an)，再修建(jian)繩梯下至(zhi)河谷底部(bu)，結合峽(xia)谷底部(bu)兩岸(an)(an)地(di)形特色，將傳統拓(tuo)展運動(dong)設施以峽(xia)谷棧道(dao)步行(xing)系(xi)統展示出來，將其打造(zao)成為(wei)一(yi)天然(ran)的(de)峽(xia)谷拓(tuo)展主題互動(dong)區。

峽谷激情漂流帶

由地縫頂部修建垂直觀光(guang)(guang)電梯至(zhi)峽谷底(di)(di)部，再沿地縫底(di)(di)部云龍(long)河(he)沿線(xian)，開展峽谷漂流(liu)項目(mu)，打造以水上體驗運動為主題的激情漂流(liu)風光(guang)(guang)帶(dai)，通過對沿線(xian)河(he)道(dao)的整治，形成完整的云龍(long)河(he)水系特色景(jing)觀帶(dai)，串連起“一(yi)核”“一(yi)區(qu)”。

地縫探秘科普體驗區

由云龍(long)(long)橋北部(bu)現(xian)(xian)有步(bu)道下至地(di)(di)縫谷(gu)底(di)，往北行走，峽(xia)谷(gu)兩岸(an)地(di)(di)質(zhi)結構露出層(ceng)明顯，受地(di)(di)質(zhi)構造運動、尤其是喜馬拉(la)雅新(xin)構造運動以來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)力作(zuo)用影響(xiang)和清江水系(xi)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)外力侵(qin)蝕作(zuo)用，云龍(long)(long)河(he)水系(xi)與地(di)(di)縫沿(yan)途象形山(shan)石眾多(duo)，地(di)(di)質(zhi)景觀等非常壯觀，集中再現(xian)(xian)了地(di)(di)貌侵(qin)蝕循環機理(li)的(de)(de)(de)特性。規劃(hua)通過對現(xian)(xian)有北部(bu)峽(xia)谷(gu)底(di)部(bu)東岸(an)游步(bu)道的(de)(de)(de)修繕，新(xin)增一(yi)段峽(xia)谷(gu)西岸(an)游步(bu)道，形成一(yi)條(tiao)小型環線，通過沿(yan)途地(di)(di)質(zhi)科(ke)普標(biao)識牌(pai)、導游系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)配合(he)(he)，打造一(yi)條(tiao)“中國中部(bu)地(di)(di)球表層(ceng)喀斯特地(di)(di)貌演變遺跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)戶外天(tian)然自(zi)然博物館”。同時(shi)還可結合(he)(he)云龍(long)(long)河(he)暗河(he)、洞(dong)穴、絕壁等向北部(bu)延(yan)伸區域開展地(di)(di)縫科(ke)考探險(xian)、地(di)(di)縫穿越等為主(zhu)題的(de)(de)(de)小眾深度體(ti)驗旅游項目。在未(wei)來(lai)，結合(he)(he)恩施(shi)大峽(xia)谷(gu)地(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)申報，可進行整(zheng)體(ti)專項重點(dian)建設。

景觀特色

順(shun)著(zhu)云(yun)龍(long)(long)河流淌(tang)的(de)方向，云(yun)龍(long)(long)河地(di)(di)縫(feng)上游與板(ban)橋(qiao)暗河相(xiang)連，下游一(yi)(yi)直通到清江，地(di)(di)處著(zhu)名的(de)地(di)(di)質(zhi)斷裂(lie)帶沐撫斷裂(lie)的(de)核(he)心區域(yu)。從遙(yao)感圖上可(ke)以看到一(yi)(yi)個有趣的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)：這一(yi)(yi)片斷裂(lie)呈現(xian)出一(yi)(yi)個凹陷(xian)的(de)心形(xing)，而地(di)(di)縫(feng)又(you)從“心”上深切而過，給這顆“陷(xian)落之心”又(you)添上了(le)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)“傷(shang)痕”。