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地理環境

洋山河峽谷(gu)位于德江縣高(gao)山鄉南部的洞門阡(qian)，距德江縣城(cheng)28公(gong)里，距鄉政府(fu)所在地(di)(di)9公(gong)里， 距303省(sheng)道1.5公(gong)里，屬典型的喀斯(si)特地(di)(di)貌，景區年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)13.8－15.5℃，年(nian)平(ping)均降雨量(liang)1250毫米(mi)，各景點海拔(ba)在680-1120米(mi)不等。

洋(yang)山河(he)詭麗(li)幽深(shen)的峽谷勾勒(le)出無山不(bu)洞(dong)(dong)、無洞(dong)(dong)不(bu)奇(qi)的美妙境(jing)(jing)界(jie)。仙人洞(dong)(dong)，位(wei)于洋(yang)山河(he)峽谷東岸，梨子水西(xi)側，洞(dong)(dong)口面(mian)(mian)向(xiang)西(xi)，洞(dong)(dong)口高約5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，內(nei)有五個洞(dong)(dong)廳(ting)，四個條岔道。據初步探測，洞(dong)(dong)廳(ting)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)在2000平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)至20000平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之間(jian)(jian)不(bu)等(deng)，廳(ting)內(nei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約3000平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，紅水河(he)長約400米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有余，深(shen)在0.5至10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之間(jian)(jian)，白水河(he)長100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，寬(kuan)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有余，深(shen)0.2至1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之間(jian)(jian)，黑(hei)水河(he)長不(bu)過(guo)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)不(bu)過(guo)1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，深(shen)不(bu)過(guo)0.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)處(chu)(chu)處(chu)(chu)有景(jing)(jing)，環境(jing)(jing)優美，靈(ling)秀(xiu)典雅，景(jing)(jing)多(duo)集中；洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)鐘乳(ru)(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)琳(lin)瑯滿(man)目、形態各異，絢麗(li)多(duo)姿，紅色河(he)水、乳(ru)(ru)白河(he)水瀑(pu)布、黑(hei)色河(he)水、梯田石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幔美不(bu)勝收(shou)；紅白黑(hei)三(san)色石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)似如(ru)(ru)天女散花(hua)；石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)禽、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獸、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)佛、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猴維妙維俏；晶瑩(ying)透亮(liang)的石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)果、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蘑菇、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葡(pu)萄令(ling)人垂涎欲滴；大(da)小洞(dong)(dong)廳(ting)景(jing)(jing)物光怪陸離，典雅秀(xiu)麗(li)，如(ru)(ru)同大(da)雄寶殿(dian)，宛若蘇州(zhou)園林。博大(da)精深(shen)的大(da)自(zi)然藝術宮殿(dian)令(ling)人驚(jing)嘆不(bu)已(yi)！

主要景點

天坑群

洋山河天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)群沿著(zhu)洋山河峽(xia)谷(gu)西側(ce)呈帶狀(zhuang)分布幾乎平行(xing)峽(xia)谷(gu)走向，包括橋上天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)、三巖阡(qian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)、馬(ma)家(jia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)、大坑(keng)坨天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)等，其中最(zui)具有代(dai)表性的(de)是橋上天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)和三巖阡(qian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)。橋上天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)位于峽(xia)谷(gu)西側(ce)發育(yu)在二疊(die)紀下(xia)統厚度363—432米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)茅口組灰及(ji)淺灰燧石灰巖。與(yu)(yu)峽(xia)谷(gu)直線距離300余米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)縱剖面(mian)為十字形狀(zhuang)，口徑270×316米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，深216米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。在天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)西北側(ce)上有一(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)橋，橋高(gao)36.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，跨度95.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，橋寬21.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，從(cong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)西角沿小道下(xia)30余米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)順沿巖階到(dao)達(da)天(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)橋下(xia)方可到(dao)達(da)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)底(di)部(bu)。底(di)部(bu)高(gao)程(cheng)和峽(xia)谷(gu)底(di)部(bu)高(gao)程(cheng)一(yi)致，與(yu)(yu)一(yi)溶洞(dong)相(xiang)連并且有水(shui)流溶洞(dong)走向西南方向200余米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)水(shui)潛入地下(xia)溶洞(dong)。

龍橋天生橋

位于(yu)洋山河上游4千米(mi)處，橋(qiao)高13米(mi)，跨(kua)45.5米(mi)，寬29米(mi)，厚3-10米(mi)，呈東(dong)西走向橫跨(kua)，橋(qiao)洞東(dong)頭緊靠巖(yan)壁，巖(yan)石傾(qing)向125度，傾(qing)角(jiao)12度，橋(qiao)頭上下懸崖(ya)絕(jue)壁唯(wei)有一小道盤旋絕(jue)壁到達(da)橋(qiao)上。西橋(qiao)頭為緩坡地帶，以往當河水暴漲時龍橋(qiao)是通向高山上唯(wei)一的捷徑。由于(yu)橋(qiao)下有四根像(xiang)龍抓(zhua)狀的石墩支(zhi)撐(cheng)橋(qiao)身故名叫“龍橋(qiao)”。橋(qiao)下溪流清澈見底。

高山石林

高山石(shi)(shi)林(lin)位于省道(dao)303公路東(dong)側(ce)，從打(da)蛇(she)坨—豬石(shi)(shi)坡—彭家(jia)一(yi)(yi)線(xian)的(de)(de)緩丘地(di)帶上，地(di)表為紫紅色砂土覆(fu)蓋，石(shi)(shi)林(lin)成雞窩狀分布，分布面積由(you)0.2—0.6公頃(qing)不等，數量相對(dui)多(duo)但是個體(ti)較矮(ai)，最高的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)5-7米且數量較少(shao)，大(da)多(duo)在(zai)1—5米之間為多(duo)見，石(shi)(shi)牙滿地(di)皆(jie)是。參差峰巒，千姿百態，巧奪天工，乍一(yi)(yi)看，正(zheng)如一(yi)(yi)首軼名(ming)的(de)(de)打(da)油(you)詩所云：“遠看大(da)石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)，近看石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)大(da)。石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)果然大(da)，果然大(da)石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)。”但這里的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)與(yu)眾(zhong)不同，它是一(yi)(yi)幅絕(jue)妙的(de)(de)畫(hua)，石(shi)(shi)林(lin)為土下溶蝕形(xing)成，并有較厚的(de)(de)覆(fu)蓋層(ceng)覆(fu)蓋。更為可貴的(de)(de)是在(zai)石(shi)(shi)林(lin)地(di)向東(dong)面山望去滿山遍(bian)野的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)牙極為壯觀，仿佛是一(yi)(yi)幅馬賽克面具。

洋山河峽谷

位于(yu)梨子水西側(ce)東經108°7′37.39″，北(bei)緯28°25′21.2″谷(gu)(gu)低高程(cheng)746米(mi)，谷(gu)(gu)長3千米(mi)，谷(gu)(gu)深170—200米(mi)，峽谷(gu)(gu)寬110—180米(mi)的(de)“U”型峽谷(gu)(gu)，峽谷(gu)(gu)巖壁旁發育有石柱，溶洞(dong)，及小(xiao)型天(tian)生橋5座，峽谷(gu)(gu)為(wei)地表(biao)河(he)(he)向(xiang)地下(xia)河(he)(he)轉化(hua)的(de)末端河(he)(he)道。兩(liang)側(ce)植被保護完(wan)好。峽谷(gu)(gu)底部(bu)有小(xiao)溪流(liu)淌，兩(liang)岸是(shi)連綿的(de)陡崖(ya)，肩部(bu)為(wei)小(xiao)煤窯留下(xia)的(de)小(xiao)道，頂部(bu)是(shi)平緩起伏的(de)喀斯(si)特(te)峰叢景觀。峽谷(gu)(gu)北(bei)部(bu)與寬谷(gu)(gu)相連，而(er)南部(bu)末端為(wei)石板橋穿(chuan)洞(dong)，從而(er)通過(guo)穿(chuan)洞(dong)與沙河(he)(he)壩相連。

洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)河(he)(he)(he)峽(xia)谷峽(xia)長3000米，靈山(shan)(shan)合攏，秀水(shui)(shui)(shui)溪(xi)流，氣候宜人，風光秀麗，河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)從北向南，巖溶景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)發育相對集中，景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)配套性好，由洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)河(he)(he)(he)峽(xia)谷、洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)河(he)(he)(he)天(tian)(tian)坑(keng)群、洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)河(he)(he)(he)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)群組成，包括(kuo)橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)坑(keng)、馬家天(tian)(tian)坑(keng)、三巖阡天(tian)(tian)坑(keng)等(deng)，洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)河(he)(he)(he)天(tian)(tian)生橋(qiao)(qiao)群和(he)(he)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴群，包括(kuo)仙人洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、石板橋(qiao)(qiao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、黑洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、七洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、櫻(ying)桃(tao)門洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、挑水(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、當(dang)門灣1號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、當(dang)門灣2號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、劉家坨洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、徐家坨洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)河(he)(he)(he)羊(yang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)1號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、洋(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)河(he)(he)(he)羊(yang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)2號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)12個洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴和(he)(he)多條(tiao)地(di)(di)下河(he)(he)(he)，以及(ji)峽(xia)谷邊(bian)坡上(shang)(shang)的(de)柱狀石峰、牛鼻子洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴、陡崖(ya)、瀑布、梨(li)子水(shui)(shui)(shui)石林(lin)等(deng)景(jing)(jing)點(dian)(dian)組成，同時景(jing)(jing)區(qu)較(jiao)高的(de)森林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)和(he)(he)得天(tian)(tian)獨厚的(de)自然條(tiao)件(jian)還(huan)成就了中國地(di)(di)理標志產品－天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)。根據景(jing)(jing)區(qu)景(jing)(jing)點(dian)(dian)的(de)分布情況(kuang)和(he)(he)特(te)點(dian)(dian)，筆(bi)者認為，可定位為巖溶地(di)(di)貌研究(jiu)科普基地(di)(di)，在(zai)戰略空間布局上(shang)(shang)可以規劃為巖溶峽(xia)谷與(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)下河(he)(he)(he)觀(guan)(guan)光區(qu)、三色溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)河(he)(he)(he)與(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)生橋(qiao)(qiao)觀(guan)(guan)光區(qu)、天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)種(zhong)植畜牧養殖與(yu)(yu)巖溶天(tian)(tian)坑(keng)觀(guan)(guan)光體驗區(qu)、石林(lin)與(yu)(yu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)佛寺青少年拓展訓(xun)練區(qu)。