內蒙古(gu)(gu)薩拉烏蘇國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位于內蒙古(gu)(gu)自治區(qu)烏審旗無定河鎮和蘇力德蘇木境內,規劃面積3000.4 公(gong)頃(qing),其(qi)中濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)1295.5 公(gong)頃(qing),占總面積的(de)(de)(de)43.2%。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)主要由無定河流(liu)(liu)域(yu)河流(liu)(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)及巴(ba)圖灣水庫湖(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),北(bei)靠廣袤的(de)(de)(de)毛烏素沙(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di),南(nan)接溝(gou)壑(he)縱橫的(de)(de)(de)黃土丘陵(ling),橫亙在兩(liang)大(da)自然地(di)(di)(di)(di)理區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)分界線上(shang),南(nan)北(bei)景(jing)觀(guan)迥異,森林、沙(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和草地(di)(di)(di)(di)呈斑塊狀分布(bu)于公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)水域(yu)兩(liang)岸,公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內主要由河流(liu)(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、湖(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng),是我國少(shao)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)漠大(da)峽谷濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
濕地公園濕地資(zi)源整(zheng)體呈西(xi)南(nan)—東(dong)北(bei)向分布(bu),包括無定河上游的范家溝(gou)灣、楊四溝(gou)灣、米浪溝(gou)灣、三岔(cha)溝(gou)灣、巴圖灣水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)和(he)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)大(da)壩下游到(dao)新窯卯水(shui)(shui)電站之(zhi)間的河段(duan),其中巴圖灣水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)兩側邊界距庫(ku)(ku)岸約500米左(zuo)右。
豐(feng)富的濕(shi)地資(zi)源孕育了河(he)套人文化(hua)(hua)、大夏(xia)文化(hua)(hua)和(he)蒙古文化(hua)(hua)等人類(lei)古代文明,對保(bao)護黃河(he)上(shang)游一級支流無定河(he)水源水質恢(hui)復(fu)濕(shi)地生態(tai)系統功能、保(bao)護水資(zi)源起到至關重要的作用,也為野生動植物提供了良好生境(jing),特別是(shi)河(he)谷濕(shi)地資(zi)源為鳥(niao)類(lei)繁衍生息創造了良好的條件(jian),是(shi)我國候鳥(niao)遷(qian)徙中(zhong)轉、越冬(dong)和(he)繁殖地之一。享(xiang)有“大漠碧湖 飛鳥(niao)天堂”的美(mei)譽。
薩拉(la)烏蘇(su)國家濕(shi)(shi)地公園以濕(shi)(shi)地景(jing)觀為主體,是(shi)我國少有的(de)沙(sha)漠大峽谷濕(shi)(shi)地,上(shang)游(you)無定(ding)河(he)河(he)谷曲(qu)折蜿蜒,雄壯(zhuang)幽(you)深;巴圖灣水(shui)庫湖(hu)水(shui)清(qing)澈透(tou)亮,水(shui)面恬靜(jing)開闊;周(zhou)邊沙(sha)地草原景(jing)觀環(huan)繞,森(sen)林景(jing)觀以塊或帶點綴其(qi)中(zhong),形成(cheng)了(le)由濕(shi)(shi)地(水(shui)域)、沙(sha)地、草原、森(sen)林組成(cheng)的(de)獨(du)特(te)景(jing)觀。
薩拉(la)(la)烏(wu)蘇國家濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)有植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)162 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中有被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)148 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)2 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),菌類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)3 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有水生和陸生脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)163 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中候鳥62 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占76.5%。薩拉(la)(la)烏(wu)蘇濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)有國家重點保護(hu)野生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)13 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有國家Ⅰ級保護(hu)野生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)4 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),為黑鸛、東(dong)方白(bai)鸛、金(jin)雕和大鴇;國家II 級重點保護(hu)野生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),為白(bai)琵鷺、大天鵝(e)、小(xiao)天鵝(e)、疣鼻天鵝(e)、蓑羽(yu)鶴、長耳鸮、紅角鸮、縱紋腹小(xiao)鸮和兔猻,其中8 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為鳥類。主要分布于濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)南部的范家溝灣(wan)(wan)、楊(yang)四溝灣(wan)(wan)、米浪溝灣(wan)(wan)、三岔(cha)溝灣(wan)(wan)和巴圖灣(wan)(wan)水庫庫尾地(di)帶(dai)。
人(ren)類總是逐水而居(ju),江(jiang)河兩岸是人(ren)類較早的(de)(de)棲息地(di),也孕育(yu)和(he)滋養了(le)人(ren)類的(de)(de)古代文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明。薩拉烏(wu)蘇國家濕地(di)公(gong)園位于無(wu)定河上游,地(di)處游牧(mu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化與農耕文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化互(hu)相碰撞、互(hu)相補充(chong)、互(hu)相融合的(de)(de)區域,孕育(yu)了(le)悠久燦爛的(de)(de)河套人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化、大夏文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化和(he)蒙古文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化,承載(zai)著厚重的(de)(de)歷史(shi)。