內蒙古薩拉烏(wu)蘇(su)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于內蒙古自(zi)治(zhi)區烏(wu)審旗無(wu)定河鎮(zhen)和蘇(su)力德蘇(su)木境內,規劃面積(ji)3000.4 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)有1295.5 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占總面積(ji)的(de)(de)43.2%。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)主要(yao)由無(wu)定河流域河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)及巴圖(tu)灣水庫湖泊(bo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)組(zu)成(cheng),北靠廣袤的(de)(de)毛烏(wu)素沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di),南(nan)接(jie)溝壑(he)縱橫(heng)的(de)(de)黃土丘陵,橫(heng)亙(gen)在兩大自(zi)然(ran)地(di)(di)(di)理區的(de)(de)分界線上,南(nan)北景觀迥異,森林、沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di)和草(cao)地(di)(di)(di)呈斑(ban)塊狀分布于公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)水域兩岸,公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內主要(yao)由河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、湖泊(bo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)構成(cheng),是我國少有的(de)(de)沙(sha)漠大峽谷濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)。
濕地公(gong)園濕地資源整體(ti)呈(cheng)西南(nan)—東(dong)北(bei)向分(fen)布,包括無定河上(shang)游的范家溝(gou)灣、楊四溝(gou)灣、米浪溝(gou)灣、三岔溝(gou)灣、巴圖灣水(shui)(shui)庫和水(shui)(shui)庫大壩下游到新窯(yao)卯水(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)之間的河段,其中巴圖灣水(shui)(shui)庫兩側邊界距(ju)庫岸約500米左右。
豐富的濕地(di)(di)資源(yuan)孕育了河套人(ren)文(wen)化(hua)、大(da)夏文(wen)化(hua)和蒙(meng)古(gu)文(wen)化(hua)等(deng)人(ren)類(lei)古(gu)代文(wen)明,對保護(hu)黃河上游一級支流無定河水(shui)源(yuan)水(shui)質恢復濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系統功能、保護(hu)水(shui)資源(yuan)起到至關重(zhong)要的作用,也為野生(sheng)動植物提供了良好生(sheng)境,特別是(shi)河谷濕地(di)(di)資源(yuan)為鳥類(lei)繁(fan)衍生(sheng)息(xi)創造了良好的條(tiao)件,是(shi)我(wo)國候鳥遷徙中轉、越(yue)冬(dong)和繁(fan)殖(zhi)地(di)(di)之一。享(xiang)有“大(da)漠(mo)碧(bi)湖 飛鳥天堂”的美譽。
薩拉烏蘇國(guo)家濕(shi)地公園以濕(shi)地景觀為主(zhu)體,是我(wo)國(guo)少有(you)的(de)沙(sha)漠大(da)峽谷濕(shi)地,上游無(wu)定(ding)河河谷曲折蜿蜒,雄壯幽(you)深;巴圖灣水庫(ku)湖水清澈透亮(liang),水面恬靜開闊;周邊(bian)沙(sha)地草原景觀環繞,森林景觀以塊或帶(dai)點綴其中,形(xing)成了(le)由濕(shi)地(水域)、沙(sha)地、草原、森林組(zu)成的(de)獨特景觀。
薩拉烏(wu)蘇(su)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)162 種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)有(you)被子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)148 種(zhong)(zhong),裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)(zhong),蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2 種(zhong)(zhong),菌(jun)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3 種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)水(shui)生(sheng)和陸生(sheng)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)163 種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)候(hou)鳥(niao)62 種(zhong)(zhong),占76.5%。薩拉烏(wu)蘇(su)濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園有(you)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)13 種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)4 種(zhong)(zhong),為黑鸛、東方(fang)白鸛、金(jin)雕和大(da)鴇;國(guo)家(jia)II 級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)(zhong),為白琵鷺、大(da)天(tian)鵝、小天(tian)鵝、疣(you)鼻(bi)天(tian)鵝、蓑羽鶴(he)、長(chang)耳鸮(xiao)、紅角鸮(xiao)、縱(zong)紋腹小鸮(xiao)和兔猻,其中(zhong)8 種(zhong)(zhong)為鳥(niao)類。主要分布于濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園南(nan)部的范家(jia)溝(gou)灣(wan)(wan)、楊四溝(gou)灣(wan)(wan)、米浪溝(gou)灣(wan)(wan)、三岔溝(gou)灣(wan)(wan)和巴(ba)圖灣(wan)(wan)水(shui)庫庫尾地帶。
人(ren)類(lei)總是(shi)逐水而居,江河兩岸是(shi)人(ren)類(lei)較早的(de)棲息地,也(ye)孕(yun)育和滋養了人(ren)類(lei)的(de)古代文(wen)明。薩拉烏蘇(su)國家濕地公(gong)園位于無定(ding)河上游(you),地處游(you)牧文(wen)化(hua)與農耕文(wen)化(hua)互(hu)相碰撞、互(hu)相補充(chong)、互(hu)相融合的(de)區域,孕(yun)育了悠(you)久(jiu)燦爛的(de)河套(tao)人(ren)文(wen)化(hua)、大夏文(wen)化(hua)和蒙古文(wen)化(hua),承(cheng)載著厚重的(de)歷史(shi)。