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公園概況

內(nei)蒙古薩拉烏蘇國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園位(wei)于(yu)(yu)內(nei)蒙古自治區烏審旗無定(ding)河(he)鎮和(he)蘇力(li)德(de)蘇木境內(nei)，規劃(hua)面積3000.4 公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，其(qi)中(zhong)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有1295.5 公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)總(zong)面積的(de)43.2%。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)的(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主要由無定(ding)河(he)流域河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及巴圖(tu)灣水庫(ku)湖泊(bo)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)組成，北靠廣袤的(de)毛(mao)烏素沙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，南接溝(gou)壑縱(zong)橫的(de)黃土(tu)丘陵，橫亙(gen)在兩大自然(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理區的(de)分界線(xian)上，南北景觀迥異，森林、沙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)草(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)呈斑塊狀(zhuang)分布(bu)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園水域兩岸(an)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)主要由河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、湖泊(bo)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)構成，是我國(guo)少(shao)有的(de)沙漠(mo)大峽谷濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。

濕地公園(yuan)濕地資(zi)源整體呈西南—東北向(xiang)分布，包括無定河上游的(de)范家溝(gou)灣(wan)、楊(yang)四溝(gou)灣(wan)、米浪溝(gou)灣(wan)、三岔溝(gou)灣(wan)、巴圖(tu)灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)和(he)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大壩下游到新窯(yao)卯水(shui)(shui)電站之間的(de)河段，其中巴圖(tu)灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)兩側邊(bian)界距(ju)庫(ku)岸約500米左右。

豐富的(de)(de)濕地資(zi)(zi)源孕育了(le)河套人(ren)文化(hua)、大夏(xia)文化(hua)和(he)蒙古文化(hua)等人(ren)類古代文明，對(dui)保護黃(huang)河上游一級支流無定河水(shui)源水(shui)質恢(hui)復濕地生(sheng)(sheng)態系統功(gong)能(neng)、保護水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源起到至(zhi)關重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)，也為野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植物提供了(le)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)境，特別是(shi)河谷濕地資(zi)(zi)源為鳥類繁(fan)衍生(sheng)(sheng)息創造(zao)了(le)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)條件，是(shi)我國候(hou)鳥遷徙中轉、越(yue)冬和(he)繁(fan)殖(zhi)地之一。享有“大漠(mo)碧湖 飛鳥天堂”的(de)(de)美譽。

濕地資源

薩拉烏蘇國家(jia)濕地公園(yuan)以(yi)濕地景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)為主(zhu)體，是我(wo)國少有的(de)沙漠大(da)峽谷(gu)濕地，上游無(wu)定河河谷(gu)曲折(zhe)蜿蜒，雄壯幽深；巴圖灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)清澈透亮，水(shui)(shui)(shui)面恬靜開闊；周邊沙地草原景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)環繞，森(sen)林景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)以(yi)塊或(huo)帶點綴其(qi)中，形成(cheng)了由濕地（水(shui)(shui)(shui)域）、沙地、草原、森(sen)林組成(cheng)的(de)獨特景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)。

薩拉烏蘇國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)162 種(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)被(bei)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)148 種(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)，蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)2 種(zhong)，菌(jun)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)3 種(zhong)。有(you)水(shui)生和陸生脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)163 種(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)候鳥62 種(zhong)，占76.5%。薩拉烏蘇濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園有(you)國(guo)家重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)13 種(zhong)，有(you)國(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4 種(zhong)，為黑(hei)鸛(guan)、東方白鸛(guan)、金雕和大鴇；國(guo)家II 級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)，為白琵鷺、大天(tian)鵝、小(xiao)天(tian)鵝、疣(you)鼻天(tian)鵝、蓑羽鶴、長耳鸮、紅角鸮、縱紋腹小(xiao)鸮和兔猻，其中(zhong)(zhong)8 種(zhong)為鳥類(lei)。主(zhu)要分(fen)布于濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園南部的范(fan)家溝灣(wan)、楊(yang)四溝灣(wan)、米浪溝灣(wan)、三岔溝灣(wan)和巴圖灣(wan)水(shui)庫庫尾地(di)(di)帶。

濕地文化

人(ren)(ren)類總是逐水(shui)而居，江河(he)(he)兩岸是人(ren)(ren)類較早的(de)棲息地(di)，也(ye)孕育和(he)(he)滋養(yang)了人(ren)(ren)類的(de)古代文(wen)明。薩拉烏蘇國(guo)家濕地(di)公園位于無定河(he)(he)上游(you)，地(di)處(chu)游(you)牧(mu)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)與農耕文(wen)化(hua)(hua)互(hu)(hu)相碰撞、互(hu)(hu)相補(bu)充、互(hu)(hu)相融合的(de)區(qu)域，孕育了悠久燦爛(lan)的(de)河(he)(he)套人(ren)(ren)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、大(da)夏文(wen)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)蒙古文(wen)化(hua)(hua)，承載著厚重的(de)歷史。