內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)薩拉烏(wu)蘇(su)(su)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位于(yu)內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)自治(zhi)區烏(wu)審(shen)旗無(wu)定河鎮和(he)蘇(su)(su)力德蘇(su)(su)木境內(nei)(nei),規劃(hua)面積3000.4 公(gong)(gong)頃,其中(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)有1295.5 公(gong)(gong)頃,占總面積的43.2%。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)的濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)主要由無(wu)定河流(liu)域(yu)河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)及巴圖(tu)灣水(shui)庫湖泊濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)組成,北(bei)靠廣袤(mao)的毛烏(wu)素(su)沙(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)(di),南接溝壑縱橫的黃土丘陵,橫亙在兩大自然地(di)(di)(di)理區的分(fen)(fen)界線上(shang),南北(bei)景觀迥異,森林、沙(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)草地(di)(di)(di)呈斑塊狀分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)水(shui)域(yu)兩岸(an),公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)主要由河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、湖泊濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)構成,是(shi)我國少有的沙(sha)(sha)漠大峽(xia)谷濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)。
濕(shi)地(di)公園濕(shi)地(di)資源整體(ti)呈西南—東北向分布,包括無(wu)定河上游(you)的(de)范家溝(gou)灣、楊四溝(gou)灣、米浪溝(gou)灣、三岔溝(gou)灣、巴圖灣水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)和(he)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)大壩下游(you)到新窯卯水(shui)電站之間的(de)河段,其(qi)中巴圖灣水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)兩側(ce)邊界距庫(ku)(ku)(ku)岸約500米左(zuo)右。
豐(feng)富(fu)的濕地(di)資(zi)源孕育了(le)河套人(ren)文(wen)化、大(da)夏文(wen)化和蒙古(gu)文(wen)化等人(ren)類(lei)古(gu)代文(wen)明,對保(bao)護黃河上游一(yi)級支流無定河水(shui)源水(shui)質恢復濕地(di)生(sheng)態系統功(gong)能(neng)、保(bao)護水(shui)資(zi)源起到至關(guan)重要的作用,也(ye)為野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物提供了(le)良(liang)好(hao)生(sheng)境,特別是河谷濕地(di)資(zi)源為鳥類(lei)繁衍生(sheng)息(xi)創造了(le)良(liang)好(hao)的條(tiao)件,是我(wo)國候(hou)鳥遷(qian)徙中轉、越(yue)冬和繁殖地(di)之一(yi)。享有“大(da)漠碧湖 飛鳥天(tian)堂”的美譽。
薩拉烏蘇國家濕(shi)(shi)地公園以濕(shi)(shi)地景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)為(wei)主體,是我國少有的(de)(de)沙漠大峽谷濕(shi)(shi)地,上游無定河河谷曲折蜿蜒(yan),雄(xiong)壯(zhuang)幽(you)深;巴圖灣水庫湖(hu)水清澈透亮,水面恬(tian)靜開(kai)闊;周邊(bian)沙地草原(yuan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)環(huan)繞(rao),森(sen)林景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)以塊或帶點綴(zhui)其中(zhong),形成了由濕(shi)(shi)地(水域)、沙地、草原(yuan)、森(sen)林組成的(de)(de)獨特景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)。
薩拉烏(wu)蘇國(guo)家濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)162 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中有(you)被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)148 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)2 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),菌類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)3 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)和陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)163 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中候鳥62 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占76.5%。薩拉烏(wu)蘇濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)有(you)國(guo)家重(zhong)點保護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)13 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)國(guo)家Ⅰ級保護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)4 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),為(wei)黑(hei)鸛、東方白(bai)鸛、金(jin)雕和大(da)鴇(bao);國(guo)家II 級重(zhong)點保護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),為(wei)白(bai)琵鷺(lu)、大(da)天鵝、小天鵝、疣鼻天鵝、蓑羽鶴(he)、長耳鸮、紅角(jiao)鸮、縱紋腹小鸮和兔猻,其(qi)中8 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)鳥類(lei)。主要分布于濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)南部的范家溝灣(wan)、楊四溝灣(wan)、米浪溝灣(wan)、三岔溝灣(wan)和巴圖灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)庫庫尾地(di)(di)帶。
人(ren)類(lei)總是(shi)逐水而居,江河(he)兩岸是(shi)人(ren)類(lei)較早的(de)棲(qi)息地(di),也孕(yun)育和滋養了人(ren)類(lei)的(de)古(gu)代(dai)文(wen)明。薩拉烏蘇國家(jia)濕地(di)公園位于無(wu)定河(he)上游,地(di)處游牧文(wen)化(hua)與農(nong)耕文(wen)化(hua)互相(xiang)碰撞、互相(xiang)補充、互相(xiang)融合的(de)區域,孕(yun)育了悠久(jiu)燦(can)爛的(de)河(he)套人(ren)文(wen)化(hua)、大夏(xia)文(wen)化(hua)和蒙古(gu)文(wen)化(hua),承(cheng)載著厚重的(de)歷(li)史。