正藍旗(qi)上都河國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園位于內蒙古(gu)自治區(qu)錫林郭勒盟正藍旗(qi)。西起(qi)正藍旗(qi)黑城子(zi)與河北省交界處,沿(yan)上都河途徑上都鎮,東至五一牧場元(yuan)上天(tian)地(di)(di)旅游區(qu),以河道為中心(xin),南北寬50—100米范圍(wei)內的狹長(chang)地(di)(di)帶,規劃建設面(mian)積11950公(gong)(gong)頃,其中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積為8869.76公(gong)(gong)頃,自然濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)為8734.34公(gong)(gong)頃,人工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)為135.42公(gong)(gong)頃。
公園水系形成(cheng)大(da)面積河灘沼澤濕地(di),是候鳥遷(qian)徙(xi)、魚類等(deng)生物(wu)生息(xi)繁(fan)衍的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)場(chang)所(suo),灤河的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)水源(yuan),內蒙古唯一(yi)一(yi)處世界文化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)—元上都遺(yi)址就座落在上都河畔。由于過(guo)去長期依水而居(ju),沿河放牧,牲畜嚴重超(chao)載,林(lin)地(di)、草場(chang)遭受破壞,出(chu)(chu)現(xian)河水流量(liang)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)甚至斷(duan)流,濕地(di)萎(wei)縮,湖泊干(gan)涸等(deng)情況;另外上游截流攔(lan)壩,加之(zhi)近年來(lai)氣(qi)候高溫干(gan)旱(han),致使河流水量(liang)顯著(zhu)減(jian)少(shao)(shao),濕地(di)面積逐漸縮小,濕地(di)生物(wu)多樣性(xing)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)下降趨勢,生態功能(neng)脆弱、局(ju)部區域甚至出(chu)(chu)現(xian)生態環境惡化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。
濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的建(jian)立,有助于(yu)獲得(de)更(geng)多(duo)國家項(xiang)目資金支(zhi)持,采取搶救性保(bao)護措施,加強對現有生物(wu)多(duo)樣性保(bao)護,恢復珍稀野生動植物(wu)賴以生存(cun)的濕地(di)(di)環境。同(tong)時開(kai)發旅游資源,集濕地(di)(di)、草原、文化、地(di)(di)質(zhi)、沙地(di)(di)于(yu)一體,多(duo)樣性豐富的生物(wu),成(cheng)為公(gong)眾(zhong)親(qin)近自(zi)然、保(bao)護自(zi)然、享受自(zi)然的休閑體驗樂園(yuan)。