圖(tu)(tu)里河國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)位于大興安(an)嶺中(zhong)段(duan)西(xi)北坡內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)自治區呼(hu)倫貝爾市牙(ya)克石市圖(tu)(tu)里河鎮境內(nei),隸屬于內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)大興安(an)嶺重點國有(you)林(lin)管理(li)局圖(tu)(tu)里河林(lin)業局。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標為東經121°27′51″~121° 44′47″,北緯50° 28 ′59″~50° 34 ′21 ″,總(zong)面積(ji)5413公頃,其中(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面積(ji)3195公頃,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面積(ji)占濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面積(ji)的59.02%。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有(you)劉(liu)少奇紀念林(lin)、鶴翔園(yuan)(yuan)度假村2個森林(lin)旅游景區。
濕地公(gong)園(yuan)內設有大型觀(guan)景(jing)臺(tai),長廊(lang)彎曲,環繞水(shui)面(mian),臺(tai)前河水(shui)平如鏡面(mian),清(qing)澈透明,水(shui)中(zhong)環島樹高林密,植被繁(fan)茂,呈(cheng)現出色(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)斑斕的(de)(de)秋(qiu)色(se)(se)(se),與水(shui)面(mian)相映,讓(rang)人誤入仙境。園(yuan)內建游覽棧(zhan)道3.4公(gong)里(li),棧(zhan)道曲徑(jing)蜿(wan)蜒,延(yan)伸至密林深處(chu),沿棧(zhan)道而行,內心總會有種莫名的(de)(de)神(shen)秘感,不知前方會出現怎樣(yang)的(de)(de)驚奇(qi),兩側滿目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)秋(qiu)色(se)(se)(se)圖(tu),五(wu)(wu)彩(cai)的(de)(de)樹木構成五(wu)(wu)彩(cai)的(de)(de)世界(jie)(jie),富麗堂(tang)皇,目(mu)(mu)不暇接,仿(fang)佛(fo)步(bu)入五(wu)(wu)彩(cai)斑斕的(de)(de)童(tong)話世界(jie)(jie),讓(rang)人流連忘返(fan),棧(zhan)道一側建有民族特(te)色(se)(se)(se)觀(guan)賞(shang)景(jing)點,加(jia)上林區特(te)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)木刻(ke)楞(leng)小木屋,構成了像油畫般美麗的(de)(de)景(jing)色(se)(se)(se)。
濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)5413公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),其中濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)3195公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)59.02%。其中,河流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)72公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)1.33%;草本沼澤面積(ji)(ji)(ji)1877公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)34.67%;灌叢沼澤面積(ji)(ji)(ji)218公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)4.03%;森林(lin)沼澤面積(ji)(ji)(ji)1028公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)18.99%。
濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園處于寒溫帶針葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)區,主要植被類型為草甸植被和(he)沼(zhao)澤植被。濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園植被由東西伯(bo)利亞植物(wu)區系和(he)蒙古植物(wu)區系構(gou)成,其(qi)中,興安落(luo)葉(xie)松生長發育在不同(tong)地(di)形部位和(he)各種不同(tong)的土壤上;在山坡(po)上部,陰坡(po)或半陰坡(po)有少量白(bai)樺(hua)、落(luo)葉(xie)松混交林(lin)(lin);陽坡(po)或半陽坡(po)有少量白(bai)樺(hua)、山楊混交林(lin)(lin)呈(cheng)團狀分(fen)布(bu);在河流兩岸分(fen)布(bu)的主要植物(wu)有甜楊、柳樹、稠(chou)李(li)子、紅瑞木、山荊(jing)子、東北赤楊、叢樺(hua)、繡線菊、地(di)榆、金蓮(lian)花及禾(he)本(ben)科、莎(sha)草科植物(wu)。
濕地公園植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)多以西伯利亞(ya)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)為主,另(ling)外,有(you)少量長白(bai)山植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)和蒙古植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)。據調查及(ji)相關資料統計(ji),濕地公園內共有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(苔(tai)(tai)蘚(xian)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物和維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物)69科208屬410種(zhong)。主要的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物有(you)灰(hui)脈(mo)苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)、小葉(xie)章、烏拉苔(tai)(tai)草(cao)、水問荊、沼(zhao)柳(liu)、越桔柳(liu)、柳(liu)葉(xie)繡(xiu)線(xian)菊、廣布野豌豆(dou)、澤芹、興安落葉(xie)松(song)、白(bai)樺等(deng)。
濕地(di)公園豐富的(de)野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)資源和(he)良好(hao)的(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)態環(huan)境,為野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)提(ti)供了優良的(de)生(sheng)存空(kong)間。按(an)照動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)地(di)理區劃,濕地(di)公園的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)屬(shu)古北界和(he)東洋界。據調查及相關資料統計,濕地(di)公園內有(you)脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)24目41科183種,常(chang)見的(de)濕地(di)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you):哲(zhe)羅魚(yu)、細鱗魚(yu)、黑斑狗魚(yu)、黑龍(long)江花鰍、黑龍(long)江林(lin)蛙、白鷺、羅紋鴨、赤(chi)麻鴨等。
內(nei)蒙古(gu)圖里(li)(li)河國(guo)家濕(shi)地公(gong)園內(nei)主要水體為圖里(li)(li)河,圖里(li)(li)河發源于圖里(li)(li)河鎮東部與鄂倫(lun)春自治旗(qi)交(jiao)界處,大興安(an)嶺主脈(mo)西(xi)(xi)側,全長134.8公(gong)里(li)(li),流(liu)域面積(ji) 3617平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li),屬(shu)于額(e)爾古(gu)納河水系(xi)額(e)爾古(gu)納河二級支流(liu)。圖里(li)(li)河與北來伊圖里(li)(li)河在濕(shi)地公(gong)園西(xi)(xi)界匯合后向西(xi)(xi)奔向根河。
內蒙古大(da)興安嶺圖(tu)里(li)河林業局把圖(tu)里(li)河國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)做為(wei)生態環境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)科(ke)(ke)普宣教(jiao)(jiao)基地(di)和生態文明保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的重要載體,立足當地(di)植物(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)和動(dong)物(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)的濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)原生態優勢和特(te)點,不斷推進園(yuan)區建(jian)(jian)設(she)工程(cheng)、科(ke)(ke)研(yan)監測、宣教(jiao)(jiao)工作(zuo),打造集濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)恢復(fu)與保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)科(ke)(ke)普宣教(jiao)(jiao)與濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)旅游的國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。
加大投入,完善設(she)(she)施。他(ta)們(men)堅持(chi)科學的(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji),開展(zhan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she),對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)內原有的(de)(de)基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施定期維(wei)護(hu)和檢(jian)修(xiu),并對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)內劃(hua)分(fen)測量,將濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)的(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)分(fen)成濕(shi)地(di)(di)保育區(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)、合理(li)利用區(qu)(qu)、管理(li)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)、恢復重建區(qu)(qu),這5個區(qu)(qu)域(yu)既(ji)相對(dui)(dui)獨立又相互(hu)聯系。他(ta)們(men)在各分(fen)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)界樁上(shang)掛牌(pai)標注功(gong)(gong)能分(fen)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)名稱、經緯度、面積(ji)、林班(ban)等(deng),使(shi)各分(fen)區(qu)(qu)功(gong)(gong)能清晰(xi),也為巡護(hu)工作帶來便(bian)利。他(ta)們(men)維(wei)護(hu)了(le)公園(yuan)內的(de)(de)道路、木棧(zhan)道、圍欄,維(wei)修(xiu)維(wei)護(hu)了(le)宣教(jiao)中心(xin),檢(jian)修(xiu)和加固了(le)內部設(she)(she)施,方便(bian)游客游覽。
加強培訓(xun),提高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)。努力(li)提高(gao)干部職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)技術(shu)技能(neng),組織職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)學習服(fu)務技能(neng)及(ji)星級(ji)服(fu)務標準的(de)(de)課程;聘請(qing)北京儀器廠(chang)的(de)(de)技術(shu)人員(yuan)為監測人員(yuan)培訓(xun)儀器使用保養(yang)知識。組織職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)參加了(le)由林(lin)管局(ju)和(he)東北林(lin)業大(da)(da)學聯(lian)合(he)舉(ju)辦的(de)(de)"建立和(he)運行大(da)(da)興安嶺示范(fan)林(lin)區生態(tai)監測系統春季培訓(xun)班",和(he)由GEF項目(mu)辦公(gong)室在根河市舉(ju)辦的(de)(de)保護地管理培訓(xun)班,提高(gao)了(le)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)濕(shi)地保護管理水平,增強濕(shi)地生態(tai)監測與調查(cha)隊(dui)伍(wu)的(de)(de)實力(li)。他們組織職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)撰寫動植物檔(dang)案(an)(an)、宣(xuan)教材料、監測方案(an)(an)、監測檔(dang)案(an)(an),做好內業資料的(de)(de)充(chong)實完善工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。
加強宣(xuan)傳,夯實(shi)基礎。他們(men)開(kai)展全民保(bao)護濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態環(huan)境宣(xuan)傳活動。舉(ju)辦了(le)"生(sheng)態關(guan)乎我們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)未(wei)來"主題宣(xuan)講活動,營(ying)造了(le)全社會關(guan)心濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、關(guan)愛濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、保(bao)護濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好輿(yu)論(lun)氛圍(wei);在(zai)幼兒(er)園和(he)中(zhong)小學開(kai)展了(le)"愛鳥周"主題宣(xuan)傳教育活動,通(tong)過學唱兒(er)歌、出演課本劇、觀看保(bao)護鳥類(lei)動畫片、現(xian)場講解圖里河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)動植物(wu)(wu)及鳥類(lei)、普(pu)及濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)知識等活動,增(zeng)進了(le)學生(sheng)們(men)對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)解,提高(gao)了(le)學生(sheng)保(bao)護動植物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意識。他們(men)還在(zai)各大(da)旅游論(lun)壇(tan)張貼濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)傳廣告,提高(gao)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)知名度。
圖(tu)(tu)里河國家(jia)濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)距離圖(tu)(tu)里河林(lin)業局局址圖(tu)(tu)里河鎮(zhen)8.5公(gong)里,國鐵(tie)牙林(lin)線(xian)、牙伊(yi)公(gong)路(lu)在濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)中(zhong)穿過。