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公園簡介

內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古牛耳河(he)(he)(he)國家濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園位于內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古大(da)興安嶺重點國有林(lin)管理(li)局金河(he)(he)(he)林(lin)業局牛耳河(he)(he)(he)林(lin)場生(sheng)態功能區(qu)內(nei)， 地(di)理(li)坐標為(wei)東經121°43′50″~122°31′28″，北緯51°23′57″~51°35′09″。總規劃面積17525.14公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，其中濕地(di)總面積為(wei)10718.34公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園總面積的(de)61.16%。濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)濕地(di)資源豐富(fu)，類型多樣，分為(wei)河(he)(he)(he)流濕地(di)和沼澤(ze)濕地(di)兩(liang)個濕地(di)類，包括永久性(xing)河(he)(he)(he)流濕地(di)、草本沼澤(ze)、灌叢沼澤(ze)、森林(lin)沼澤(ze)四個濕地(di)型。

濕地(di)公園項目(mu)的實施是對(dui)(dui)牛耳河(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)內汗馬(ma)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)范圍以外的濕地(di)資(zi)源以及森(sen)林生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)進行(xing)保護(hu)和恢復，與汗馬(ma)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)共同構(gou)成結構(gou)完整的牛耳河(he)(he)河(he)(he)流(liu)濕地(di)保護(hu)系統(tong)，將為維持(chi)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)平衡，保持(chi)大(da)興安嶺(ling)地(di)區(qu)(qu)森(sen)林生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)完整性發揮重要作用(yong)。同時，對(dui)(dui)于進一步提高牛耳河(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)乃至整個大(da)興安嶺(ling)地(di)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)環境水平，促進區(qu)(qu)域(yu)經濟(ji)社會發展具有十分重要的意(yi)義。

功能分區

根據國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論與(yu)原則，結合(he)牛(niu)耳河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)資(zi)源分布特點，金(jin)河(he)林業局將牛(niu)耳河(he)國家級濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園劃分為五大(da)功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)重建(jian)(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)理(li)利(li)(li)用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)及管(guan)理(li)服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)9332.68公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)53.25%，主(zhu)(zhu)要開展(zhan)保護(hu)、監測等必須的(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)管(guan)理(li)活動。恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)重建(jian)(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)5756.03公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，通(tong)過植被(bei)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)、牛(niu)軛湖(hu)水系連通(tong)等恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)工(gong)程，逐步恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園周(zhou)邊山體裸露區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域，并連通(tong)現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)河(he)流水系與(yu)牛(niu)軛湖(hu)，進一步擴大(da)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)541.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，通(tong)過建(jian)(jian)設(she)宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，為進入(ru)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)科考人員提供更便利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)科研條件，展(zhan)示(shi)最(zui)新(xin)科研成果。合(he)理(li)利(li)(li)用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1860.41公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，主(zhu)(zhu)要建(jian)(jian)設(she)項目有(you)牛(niu)耳河(he)風景園、生(sheng)態露營地(di)(di)、野外拓展(zhan)基地(di)(di)等。管(guan)理(li)服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)4.73公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，包括公(gong)(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)機構、服(fu)務接待(dai)以及醫療設(she)施(shi)。

動植物資源

內蒙(meng)古牛(niu)耳(er)河國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)植(zhi)物區(qu)系成分(fen)以東西伯利亞(ya)植(zhi)物區(qu)成分(fen)為(wei)主體(ti)，同時，還含有蒙(meng)古植(zhi)物區(qu)成分(fen)、東北(bei)植(zhi)物區(qu)成分(fen)及(ji)華(hua)北(bei)植(zhi)物區(qu)成分(fen)，具有植(zhi)物區(qu)系成分(fen)混雜(za)的(de)特點。據(ju)調(diao)查及(ji)相關資(zi)(zi)料統計，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)內共有植(zhi)物95科(ke)274屬549種。野生(sheng)動(dong)物資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)豐(feng)富的(de)野生(sheng)植(zhi)物資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)和良好(hao)的(de)自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境，為(wei)野生(sheng)動(dong)物提供了良好(hao)的(de)生(sheng)存空間。按照動(dong)物地理區(qu)劃，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)的(de)動(dong)物屬古北(bei)界(jie)，為(wei)典型(xing)的(de)寒溫帶針葉林動(dong)物。據(ju)調(diao)查及(ji)相關資(zi)(zi)料統計牛(niu)耳(er)河國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)有動(dong)物32目70科(ke)261種。