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公園簡介

內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)牛耳河(he)(he)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園位于內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)大興(xing)安嶺重點國有林(lin)管理局(ju)金河(he)(he)林(lin)業局(ju)牛耳河(he)(he)林(lin)場生態功(gong)能(neng)區內(nei)， 地(di)(di)(di)(di)理坐標為東經121°43′50″~122°31′28″，北(bei)緯(wei)51°23′57″~51°35′09″。總規劃面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)17525.14公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，其(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為10718.34公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的61.16%。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)資源豐富，類型多樣，分(fen)為河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)兩個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)類，包括(kuo)永久性河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、草本沼(zhao)澤、灌叢沼(zhao)澤、森(sen)林(lin)沼(zhao)澤四個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)型。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園項目的實施是對牛耳河(he)流(liu)域內汗馬自然(ran)保護區范圍(wei)以(yi)外的濕(shi)地(di)(di)資(zi)源以(yi)及森林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統進(jin)行(xing)保護和恢復，與汗馬自然(ran)保護區共同構成結構完整的牛耳河(he)河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)保護系(xi)統，將為維持區域生(sheng)態(tai)平(ping)衡，保持大興安(an)嶺地(di)(di)區森林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統完整性(xing)發(fa)揮重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。同時，對于進(jin)一步提(ti)高牛耳河(he)流(liu)域區域乃(nai)至整個(ge)大興安(an)嶺地(di)(di)區生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)水平(ping)，促進(jin)區域經濟社會發(fa)展(zhan)具(ju)有(you)十(shi)分重(zhong)要的意義。

功能分區

根據國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃的理(li)論與原(yuan)則，結合(he)牛(niu)(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源分布特點，金河(he)(he)林業局將牛(niu)(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)國家級(ji)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園劃分為五(wu)大功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)(xuan)教展(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)理(li)利(li)用(yong)(yong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)(ji)管(guan)理(li)服(fu)(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)9332.68公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占公(gong)(gong)園總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的53.25%，主要開展(zhan)保(bao)護、監(jian)測等必須的保(bao)護管(guan)理(li)活動(dong)。恢(hui)復重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)5756.03公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，通過植被恢(hui)復、牛(niu)(niu)軛湖水系(xi)連(lian)通等恢(hui)復工(gong)程，逐步恢(hui)復濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園周邊(bian)山體裸露(lu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域，并連(lian)通現有(you)的河(he)(he)流水系(xi)與牛(niu)(niu)軛湖，進一步擴大濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)宣(xuan)(xuan)教展(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)541.23公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，通過建(jian)設宣(xuan)(xuan)教展(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，為進入(ru)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園的科考人員提供更便利(li)的科研條件，展(zhan)示(shi)最新(xin)科研成果。合(he)理(li)利(li)用(yong)(yong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1860.41公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，主要建(jian)設項目(mu)有(you)牛(niu)(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)風景(jing)園、生(sheng)態露(lu)營地(di)(di)(di)、野(ye)外拓展(zhan)基地(di)(di)(di)等。管(guan)理(li)服(fu)(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)4.73公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，包括(kuo)公(gong)(gong)園的管(guan)理(li)機構(gou)、服(fu)(fu)務接待以及(ji)(ji)醫療設施(shi)。

動植物資源

內(nei)蒙古牛耳河國家濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系成分以東(dong)西伯利亞(ya)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)成分為主體，同時(shi)，還含(han)有(you)蒙古植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)成分、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)成分及(ji)華北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)成分，具有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系成分混雜的特點。據調查及(ji)相關資(zi)料(liao)(liao)統計，濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)共有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)95科274屬(shu)549種。野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)豐(feng)富的野生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源和良好(hao)的自然生(sheng)(sheng)態環境，為野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)提(ti)供了(le)良好(hao)的生(sheng)(sheng)存空間。按照動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)理(li)區(qu)(qu)劃，濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)屬(shu)古北(bei)(bei)界，為典型(xing)的寒溫帶針葉林動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。據調查及(ji)相關資(zi)料(liao)(liao)統計牛耳河國家濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)有(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)32目(mu)70科261種。