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公園簡介

內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)牛耳(er)河(he)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園位于內(nei)(nei)蒙古(gu)大興安嶺重點國(guo)有(you)林管理局(ju)金河(he)林業局(ju)牛耳(er)河(he)林場(chang)生(sheng)態功能區內(nei)(nei)， 地(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經121°43′50″~122°31′28″，北緯(wei)51°23′57″~51°35′09″。總(zong)(zong)規劃面(mian)積(ji)17525.14公(gong)(gong)頃，其中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)10718.34公(gong)(gong)頃，占濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的61.16%。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富，類(lei)型多樣，分為(wei)河(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)和沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)兩個(ge)(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)類(lei)，包括永久性河(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、草本沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、森林沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)四個(ge)(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)型。

濕(shi)地(di)公園項(xiang)目的(de)(de)實施是對(dui)牛(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)流域內(nei)汗(han)馬自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區范圍以外的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)資源以及森林(lin)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)行保(bao)護(hu)和恢(hui)復，與汗(han)馬自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區共同構成結(jie)構完整的(de)(de)牛(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)流濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，將(jiang)為(wei)維持區域生(sheng)態平衡，保(bao)持大興安嶺地(di)區森林(lin)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)完整性(xing)發揮(hui)重(zhong)要(yao)作用(yong)。同時，對(dui)于進(jin)一步提高牛(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)流域區域乃(nai)至(zhi)整個大興安嶺地(di)區生(sheng)態環境水平，促進(jin)區域經濟社會發展具有十分重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)意義(yi)。

功能分區

根據國家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)功能區(qu)(qu)劃的(de)理論與原則(ze)，結(jie)合牛耳(er)河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)分布特(te)點，金河(he)林業局將牛耳(er)河(he)國家(jia)(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)劃分為五大(da)功能區(qu)(qu)，即(ji)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)育區(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)重(zhong)建(jian)區(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)、合理利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)及管理服(fu)(fu)務區(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)育區(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)9332.68公(gong)頃，占公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)53.25%，主要開展(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護、監測(ce)等必須的(de)保(bao)(bao)護管理活動。恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)重(zhong)建(jian)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)5756.03公(gong)頃，通過植被恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)、牛軛(e)湖水(shui)系(xi)(xi)連通等恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)工程(cheng)，逐步恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)周邊山體裸(luo)露(lu)區(qu)(qu)域，并連通現有的(de)河(he)流水(shui)系(xi)(xi)與牛軛(e)湖，進(jin)一(yi)步擴大(da)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)541.23公(gong)頃，通過建(jian)設宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)，為進(jin)入濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)科(ke)考人(ren)員提供更便利的(de)科(ke)研(yan)條件(jian)，展(zhan)示最新(xin)科(ke)研(yan)成果(guo)。合理利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1860.41公(gong)頃，主要建(jian)設項目有牛耳(er)河(he)風景(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、生態露(lu)營地(di)(di)(di)、野外(wai)拓(tuo)展(zhan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)等。管理服(fu)(fu)務區(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4.73公(gong)頃，包括公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)管理機構、服(fu)(fu)務接待以(yi)及醫療設施。

動植物資源

內蒙古牛(niu)耳河(he)國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系成(cheng)分(fen)以東(dong)西伯利亞植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)主體，同時，還(huan)含有(you)蒙古植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)、東(dong)北(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)及(ji)(ji)華北(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)，具有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系成(cheng)分(fen)混雜的特(te)點。據(ju)調查及(ji)(ji)相關資料統(tong)計(ji)，濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園內共有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)95科(ke)(ke)274屬(shu)549種。野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)資源濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園豐富的野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源和(he)良好的自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境，為(wei)(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)提供(gong)了良好的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存空(kong)間。按(an)照動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)地(di)理區(qu)劃(hua)，濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園的動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)屬(shu)古北(bei)界，為(wei)(wei)典型的寒溫帶(dai)針葉林動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)。據(ju)調查及(ji)(ji)相關資料統(tong)計(ji)牛(niu)耳河(he)國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園有(you)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)32目(mu)70科(ke)(ke)261種。