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公園簡介

內(nei)蒙古牛耳(er)河(he)(he)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園位于內(nei)蒙古大興安(an)嶺重點國(guo)有林管(guan)理局金河(he)(he)林業(ye)局牛耳(er)河(he)(he)林場(chang)生態功能區(qu)內(nei)， 地(di)理坐標(biao)為(wei)(wei)東經121°43′50″~122°31′28″，北緯51°23′57″~51°35′09″。總(zong)規劃(hua)面(mian)積17525.14公頃，其(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)地(di)總(zong)面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)10718.34公頃，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園總(zong)面(mian)積的61.16%。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園內(nei)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)資源豐富，類(lei)型(xing)(xing)多樣，分為(wei)(wei)河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)和沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)(shi)地(di)兩個濕(shi)(shi)地(di)類(lei)，包(bao)括(kuo)永久(jiu)性河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、草(cao)本沼(zhao)澤、灌叢沼(zhao)澤、森林沼(zhao)澤四個濕(shi)(shi)地(di)型(xing)(xing)。

濕(shi)地(di)公園項目的(de)實施是對牛耳(er)河流域內汗馬(ma)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)范圍(wei)以外(wai)的(de)濕(shi)地(di)資(zi)源以及森(sen)林生(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統進(jin)行保(bao)(bao)護和恢(hui)復，與汗馬(ma)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)共同(tong)構(gou)成結(jie)構(gou)完整的(de)牛耳(er)河河流濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)(bao)護系(xi)(xi)統，將為維(wei)持區(qu)(qu)(qu)域生(sheng)態平衡，保(bao)(bao)持大興安嶺地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)森(sen)林生(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統完整性發(fa)揮重要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。同(tong)時(shi)，對于進(jin)一步提高牛耳(er)河流域區(qu)(qu)(qu)域乃至(zhi)整個大興安嶺地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)態環境水平，促進(jin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域經(jing)濟(ji)社會發(fa)展具有十分(fen)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)意(yi)義。

功能分區

根據國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)的(de)理論(lun)與(yu)原則，結合牛耳河濕(shi)地(di)資源分(fen)布(bu)特點，金河林(lin)業局(ju)將牛耳河國(guo)家級濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園劃(hua)分(fen)為(wei)五大功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)(hui)(hui)復(fu)重建區(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、合理利用區(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)管(guan)(guan)理服務(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積9332.68公(gong)(gong)頃，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)園總(zong)面積的(de)53.25%，主要開展(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護、監(jian)測等(deng)必須的(de)保(bao)護管(guan)(guan)理活動(dong)。恢(hui)(hui)(hui)復(fu)重建區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積5756.03公(gong)(gong)頃，通(tong)過植被恢(hui)(hui)(hui)復(fu)、牛軛湖(hu)水(shui)系連通(tong)等(deng)恢(hui)(hui)(hui)復(fu)工程(cheng)，逐步(bu)恢(hui)(hui)(hui)復(fu)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園周邊山體裸露區(qu)(qu)(qu)域，并連通(tong)現有(you)(you)的(de)河流水(shui)系與(yu)牛軛湖(hu)，進(jin)一步(bu)擴大濕(shi)地(di)面積。濕(shi)地(di)宣教展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積541.23公(gong)(gong)頃，通(tong)過建設(she)宣教展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，為(wei)進(jin)入濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園的(de)科(ke)考人員提供更便利的(de)科(ke)研(yan)條(tiao)件，展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)最新科(ke)研(yan)成果。合理利用區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積1860.41公(gong)(gong)頃，主要建設(she)項(xiang)目有(you)(you)牛耳河風景園、生態(tai)露營地(di)、野外拓展(zhan)(zhan)基地(di)等(deng)。管(guan)(guan)理服務(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積4.73公(gong)(gong)頃，包括公(gong)(gong)園的(de)管(guan)(guan)理機構、服務(wu)(wu)接待以(yi)及(ji)醫療設(she)施。

動植物資源

內蒙(meng)古牛耳河(he)國家濕(shi)地公園植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分以東西伯利亞(ya)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分為主體(ti)，同時(shi)，還(huan)含有蒙(meng)古植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分、東北(bei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分及(ji)華北(bei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分，具有植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分混雜的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。據調查及(ji)相(xiang)關資料(liao)統(tong)計(ji)，濕(shi)地公園內共有植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)95科274屬549種。野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)(yuan)濕(shi)地公園豐富的(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)(yuan)和良好的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態環境，為野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)提供了(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存空間。按照動(dong)物(wu)(wu)地理(li)區(qu)劃，濕(shi)地公園的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)屬古北(bei)界，為典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)寒溫帶針葉林動(dong)物(wu)(wu)。據調查及(ji)相(xiang)關資料(liao)統(tong)計(ji)牛耳河(he)國家濕(shi)地公園有動(dong)物(wu)(wu)32目70科261種。