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公園簡介

內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)牛(niu)耳河國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)大興安(an)嶺(ling)重點國有林(lin)管理局金(jin)河林(lin)業局牛(niu)耳河林(lin)場生態(tai)功能區內(nei)(nei)， 地(di)(di)理坐標(biao)為(wei)東經121°43′50″~122°31′28″，北緯51°23′57″~51°35′09″。總規劃面積(ji)17525.14公(gong)頃(qing)，其中濕(shi)地(di)(di)總面積(ji)為(wei)10718.34公(gong)頃(qing)，占濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總面積(ji)的61.16%。濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)濕(shi)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富，類(lei)(lei)型多樣，分為(wei)河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)和沼澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)兩個(ge)濕(shi)地(di)(di)類(lei)(lei)，包括(kuo)永久性河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)、草本沼澤(ze)、灌(guan)叢(cong)沼澤(ze)、森林(lin)沼澤(ze)四個(ge)濕(shi)地(di)(di)型。

濕(shi)地(di)公園項目的(de)實施是對(dui)牛耳河流域內汗(han)馬(ma)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)范圍以(yi)外的(de)濕(shi)地(di)資源以(yi)及森林生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統進(jin)行(xing)保(bao)護和恢復，與(yu)汗(han)馬(ma)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)共同構(gou)成結構(gou)完整(zheng)的(de)牛耳河河流濕(shi)地(di)保(bao)護系統，將為維持區(qu)(qu)域生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)平衡，保(bao)持大興安嶺(ling)地(di)區(qu)(qu)森林生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統完整(zheng)性發揮重(zhong)要作用(yong)。同時(shi)，對(dui)于(yu)進(jin)一步提(ti)高牛耳河流域區(qu)(qu)域乃至整(zheng)個(ge)大興安嶺(ling)地(di)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)水平，促進(jin)區(qu)(qu)域經濟社會發展具有十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)要的(de)意義(yi)。

功能分區

根據(ju)國家濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃(hua)的(de)理(li)論(lun)與原則，結(jie)合(he)牛(niu)耳河(he)(he)濕(shi)地資源分(fen)布特點，金河(he)(he)林(lin)業局(ju)將牛(niu)耳河(he)(he)國家級濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)劃(hua)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)五大(da)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)地保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)理(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)及管(guan)(guan)理(li)服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)地保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積9332.68公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面積的(de)53.25%，主要(yao)開展(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、監測等(deng)必(bi)須的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)活(huo)動。恢(hui)復(fu)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積5756.03公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，通過(guo)植被恢(hui)復(fu)、牛(niu)軛湖(hu)水系(xi)連通等(deng)恢(hui)復(fu)工程，逐步恢(hui)復(fu)濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)周(zhou)邊山體(ti)裸露區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域，并(bing)連通現有的(de)河(he)(he)流水系(xi)與牛(niu)軛湖(hu)，進一步擴(kuo)大(da)濕(shi)地面積。濕(shi)地宣教(jiao)(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積541.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，通過(guo)建(jian)(jian)設宣教(jiao)(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，為(wei)(wei)進入濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)科考人員提供更便利(li)的(de)科研條件，展(zhan)示最新科研成果。合(he)理(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積1860.41公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，主要(yao)建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)目有牛(niu)耳河(he)(he)風景園(yuan)、生態(tai)露營地、野外拓展(zhan)基地等(deng)。管(guan)(guan)理(li)服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積4.73公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，包括公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)機構(gou)、服(fu)務接待以(yi)及醫療(liao)設施。

動植物資源

內(nei)蒙(meng)古牛(niu)耳河(he)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區系(xi)成分以東(dong)西伯利亞(ya)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區成分為主體，同(tong)時，還含有(you)蒙(meng)古植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區成分、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區成分及(ji)(ji)華北(bei)(bei)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區成分，具(ju)有(you)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區系(xi)成分混雜(za)的(de)(de)特點。據(ju)調(diao)查及(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)資料統計，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)共(gong)有(you)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)95科(ke)274屬(shu)549種。野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)豐富的(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源和良好的(de)(de)自然生(sheng)態環境，為野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提(ti)供了良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)存(cun)空(kong)間。按照(zhao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地理區劃，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)屬(shu)古北(bei)(bei)界，為典型的(de)(de)寒溫帶針葉林動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。據(ju)調(diao)查及(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)資料統計牛(niu)耳河(he)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)(yuan)有(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)32目70科(ke)261種。