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公園簡介

內(nei)(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古牛(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園位于內(nei)(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古大(da)興安嶺重點(dian)國有林(lin)管理局(ju)金河(he)(he)林(lin)業局(ju)牛(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)林(lin)場生(sheng)態功能區內(nei)(nei)(nei)， 地(di)(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)東經121°43′50″~122°31′28″，北緯51°23′57″~51°35′09″。總規劃(hua)面(mian)(mian)積17525.14公(gong)頃，其(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)10718.34公(gong)頃，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園總面(mian)(mian)積的61.16%。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園內(nei)(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源豐富，類型多樣，分(fen)為(wei)河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)兩個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類，包括永久性(xing)河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、草本(ben)沼澤(ze)、灌叢沼澤(ze)、森林(lin)沼澤(ze)四個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園項目的(de)實施(shi)是對牛耳河(he)流(liu)域內(nei)汗(han)馬自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區范(fan)圍以外的(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)以及森林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)態系統進(jin)行(xing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和恢復，與(yu)汗(han)馬自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區共同構(gou)成(cheng)結構(gou)完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)牛耳河(he)河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)系統，將(jiang)為(wei)維持區域生(sheng)態平衡，保(bao)持大興安(an)嶺地(di)(di)區森林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)態系統完整(zheng)(zheng)性(xing)發揮重要作用。同時，對于(yu)進(jin)一步提(ti)高(gao)牛耳河(he)流(liu)域區域乃至整(zheng)(zheng)個大興安(an)嶺地(di)(di)區生(sheng)態環(huan)境水平，促進(jin)區域經濟社會發展(zhan)具(ju)有(you)十分重要的(de)意義。

功能分區

根(gen)據國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)功能區(qu)(qu)劃的(de)理(li)論與(yu)原則(ze)，結(jie)合(he)(he)牛(niu)(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)資源分(fen)布特(te)點，金(jin)河(he)(he)林業局將牛(niu)(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)劃分(fen)為(wei)五大(da)功能區(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)、恢復重建區(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)展示區(qu)(qu)、合(he)(he)理(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)及(ji)管理(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)區(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積9332.68公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)53.25%，主要(yao)(yao)開展保護(hu)、監測等(deng)必須的(de)保護(hu)管理(li)活動。恢復重建區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積5756.03公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，通過植被恢復、牛(niu)(niu)軛(e)(e)湖(hu)(hu)水系連(lian)通等(deng)恢復工程，逐(zhu)步恢復濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)周邊山體裸露(lu)區(qu)(qu)域，并連(lian)通現有的(de)河(he)(he)流水系與(yu)牛(niu)(niu)軛(e)(e)湖(hu)(hu)，進一步擴大(da)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)宣教(jiao)展示區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積541.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，通過建設宣教(jiao)展示區(qu)(qu)，為(wei)進入(ru)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)科(ke)考人員提供更便利(li)的(de)科(ke)研條件(jian)，展示最新(xin)科(ke)研成(cheng)果。合(he)(he)理(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積1860.41公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，主要(yao)(yao)建設項目(mu)有牛(niu)(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)風(feng)景(jing)園(yuan)、生態露(lu)營地(di)、野(ye)外拓(tuo)展基地(di)等(deng)。管理(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積4.73公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，包(bao)括公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)管理(li)機構(gou)、服(fu)(fu)務(wu)接待以(yi)及(ji)醫(yi)療設施(shi)。

動植物資源

內蒙古(gu)牛耳(er)河國家濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)系成(cheng)分(fen)以東(dong)(dong)西(xi)伯(bo)利亞植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)主體，同(tong)時，還含有蒙古(gu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)、東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)及華北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)成(cheng)分(fen)，具(ju)有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)系成(cheng)分(fen)混雜的(de)(de)特點(dian)。據調查(cha)及相關資料統計，濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內共有植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)95科(ke)274屬549種(zhong)。野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)豐富的(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源和(he)良好的(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態環境，為(wei)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)提(ti)供了良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存空間。按照(zhao)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)理區(qu)劃，濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)屬古(gu)北(bei)(bei)界，為(wei)典型的(de)(de)寒溫(wen)帶(dai)針葉林動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。據調查(cha)及相關資料統計牛耳(er)河國家濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)有動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)32目70科(ke)261種(zhong)。