黑龍-岡靖(jing)河國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園是2014年12月31日國(guo)家(jia)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)局批復(fu)的(de)(林(lin)(lin)濕(shi)(shi)發【2014】205號)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園。公(gong)園位(wei)于青岡縣城南(nan)(nan)部,整(zheng)體呈東(dong)西走向,東(dong)起植(zhi)物園,系過三林(lin)(lin)場至(zhi)長山(shan)干溝,南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)環城南(nan)(nan)路,北靠青安公(gong)路,介(jie)于46°39′42″N-46°40′34″N, 125°58′49″E-126°7′17″E之(zhi)間,總面(mian)積537.4 h㎡(公(gong)頃(qing)),沿河岸線約12.65km,東(dong)西平均(jun)寬(kuan)度約10.8km,南(nan)(nan)北平均(jun)寬(kuan)498m,平均(jun)標(biao)高為189.74m,其中(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積465 h㎡(公(gong)頃(qing)),濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)率86.53%。
濕地(di)公園所在地(di)位于(yu)的青(qing)岡縣,地(di)處松(song)嫩平原中南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu),屬(shu)綏(sui)化市轄區,地(di)理位置在北緯46°29′10″至47°07′30″東(dong)經(jing)125°20′至126°17′之間(jian)。總幅員面積2,711.94平方公里。青(qing)岡縣由(you)(you)小興安(an)嶺余脈在東(dong)部(bu)由(you)(you)北向南(nan)(nan)(nan)延伸,地(di)勢由(you)(you)東(dong)北向西南(nan)(nan)(nan)逐漸傾斜。海拔最(zui)低129.4米(mi),最(zui)高247.4米(mi),屬(shu)于(yu)丘陵崗地(di),由(you)(you)東(dong)向西依次為川崗、平崗、低崗地(di)三種(zhong)類型(xing)。
濕(shi)地公園所在地屬中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶大陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣(qi)候,四季(ji)分(fen)明,寒(han)暑懸殊(shu),雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)集中(zhong)(zhong),西南(nan)風大。總體(ti)特點為春季(ji)干(gan)旱多風,夏季(ji)多雨溫(wen)(wen)熱,秋季(ji)涼爽干(gan)燥、降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)急驟,冬季(ji)嚴(yan)寒(han)少雪(xue),干(gan)旱漫長。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)477mm,降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)多集中(zhong)(zhong)在6—9月(yue)(yue), 占全年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的81% 左右,多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均蒸發量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)814 mm。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)2.4—2.6oC, 1月(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷,平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度(du)-20.9oC。極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)-39.5oC(1981年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)16日(ri))。7月(yue)(yue)份(fen)最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱,平(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度(du)22℃左右,極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)37oC(1980年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)26日(ri)),全年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均無霜(shuang)期133天左右。
濕地公園及(ji)周邊區域(yu)土(tu)(tu)壤屬碳酸(suan)(suan)鹽草(cao)甸黑鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)壤的(de)(de)有機質含(han)量(liang)(liang)32g/kg左右,堿解氮含(han)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)135mg/kg左右,有效磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)22 mg/kg左右 ,速效鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)為(wei) 185mg/kg左右,pH值為(wei) 7.6左右,土(tu)(tu)壤容重在1.37g/cm3左右 ,是由礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(硅酸(suan)(suan)鹽礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),氧化物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),硫(liu)化物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)磷酸(suan)(suan)鹽類礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。)、有機質(植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)殘體(ti)、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)殘體(ti)、微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)殘體(ti)及(ji)排泄(xie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)分(fen)泌物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu))、土(tu)(tu)壤水和(he)土(tu)(tu)壤溶液(ye)、土(tu)(tu)壤空隙中的(de)(de)空氣以及(ji)土(tu)(tu)壤動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、(原生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、線蟲(chong)和(he)節肢動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng))土(tu)(tu)壤微(wei)(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(細菌、真菌、放線菌、藻類等(deng))等(deng)組(zu)成。
濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)水系為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)岡(gang)縣(xian)靖河(he),水源分(fen)兩部分(fen),一部分(fen)來(lai)自婆(po)積地(di)(di)匯集的(de)雨(yu)水,另一部分(fen)來(lai)自青(qing)岡(gang)縣(xian)污水處(chu)(chu)理廠(chang)經(jing)凈化處(chu)(chu)理的(de)達標水。水流方向自東向西(xi)(xi),經(jing)長(chang)山干溝入(ru)劉大(da)嚷排(pai)水總(zong)干后進入(ru)蘭(lan)西(xi)(xi)幸(xing)福(fu)排(pai)干,從(cong)蘭(lan)西(xi)(xi)幸(xing)福(fu)排(pai)干入(ru)肇蘭(lan)新河(he),最后匯入(ru)松花江(jiang)。地(di)(di)下水位埋(mai)深(shen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.6-5.2m,青(qing)岡(gang)縣(xian)水資源量為(wei)(wei)(wei)20954×104m3/a,全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)(di)表水資源量為(wei)(wei)(wei)5221×104m3/a,地(di)(di)下水資源總(zong)補給量為(wei)(wei)(wei)15733×104m3/a,重復計算水量為(wei)(wei)(wei)994×104m3/a。
濕(shi)地公(gong)園水(shui)(shui)體屬于(yu)通(tong)肯河(he)(he)與(yu)肇(zhao)(zhao)蘭(lan)新河(he)(he)上游(you),哈黑公(gong)路(lu)以東(dong)(dong)屬呼(hu)蘭(lan)河(he)(he)流(liu)域,較大沖(chong)溝(gou)22條(tiao),均流(liu)入(ru)通(tong)肯河(he)(he)。其中有(you)15條(tiao)溝(gou)道有(you)自(zi)然泉(quan),泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)量222.29L/s,泉(quan)眼溝(gou)位(wei)于(yu)青岡縣東(dong)(dong)北(bei),發源于(yu)明水(shui)(shui)縣境(jing)內,匯入(ru)通(tong)肯河(he)(he)。河(he)(he)道上游(you)有(you)自(zi)然泉(quan),泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)量16.5L/s。在該溝(gou)道建(jian)有(you)勝(sheng)利水(shui)(shui)庫(ku);哈黑公(gong)路(lu)以西(xi)屬安(an)達(da)閉流(liu)區,有(you)四條(tiao)大堿溝(gou)分別流(liu)入(ru)青肯泡,紅旗(qi)泡和肇(zhao)(zhao)蘭(lan)新河(he)(he)。總長83km,流(liu)域面積1.363km3。
區域內(nei)地(di)表水(shui)全(quan)年(nian)正常徑流量(liang)5450×104m3,通肯河(he)、引嫩河(he)過境水(shui)可(ke)開發(fa)(fa)量(liang)為2800×104m3.可(ke)開發(fa)(fa)地(di)表水(shui)總量(liang)為5338×104m3,現已(yi)開發(fa)(fa)1933×104m3。地(di)下水(shui)平均可(ke)開采總量(liang)達1.55×108m3。
濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)屬于中溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)大陸(lu)性季風氣(qi)候,四季分明(ming),境內有(you)丘陵、臺地及平原三種地貌類型,屬中溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)及半(ban)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)地區。與此相適應的植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)類型可分為溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)針闊混交林植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)、溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)偏濕(shi)半(ban)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)森林灌叢草(cao)甸植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)、溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)半(ban)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)和偏干半(ban)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)草(cao)甸草(cao)原植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei),尤其(qi)以(yi)第(di)二、三類型居多,其(qi)中以(yi)第(di)三類型羊草(cao)草(cao)甸草(cao)原占大部分。有(you)林面積62萬畝,林木蓄積量180萬m3,蘊含經濟價值(zhi)9億元,森林覆蓋(gai)率(lv)16.8%。
現有植(zhi)被多為人工(gong)栽(zai)植(zhi)的園林植(zhi)物。如松科(ke)紅皮云杉、紅松、青扦、白(bai)扦;樺木科(ke)白(bai)樺;楊柳科(ke)銀(yin)中(zhong)楊、小黑楊、垂柳、旱柳、杞柳;木犀科(ke)水曲柳、丁香(xiang);薔薇科(ke)榆葉梅、花楸等等。