南(nan)京長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)國家濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位于(yu)(yu)南(nan)京市(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寧區(qu),是南(nan)京首個國際級濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)包括新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)洲(zhou)、再生(sheng)洲(zhou)、子母洲(zhou)和(he)子匯洲(zhou)五(wu)個島嶼以及長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水域和(he)兩岸灘涂地(di),總面(mian)積為58.6平方千(qian)米(mi)。其中(zhong),新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)面(mian)積為9.5平方千(qian)米(mi),號稱“長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)第一洲(zhou)”。從城(cheng)市(shi)生(sheng)態系統來看(kan)(kan),新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)國家濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)南(nan)京長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)最上游,是南(nan)京區(qu)域綠地(di)系統的(de)重(zhong)要組成部分,對(dui)水資(zi)源調節和(he)凈化、生(sheng)物資(zi)源保護作用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)大,具(ju)有較高的(de)濕地(di)科研價(jia)值;從城(cheng)市(shi)空間來看(kan)(kan),新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發展帶起點,處(chu)于(yu)(yu)濱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)城(cheng)的(de)服(fu)務半徑內,距(ju)市(shi)中(zhong)心僅有35公(gong)(gong)里,隨著軌道(dao)交通、過江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)通道(dao)、濱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大道(dao)的(de)規(gui)劃建設,園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)將(jiang)進一步拉近與(yu)主(zhu)城(cheng)的(de)關系,新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)國家濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)設立,將(jiang)在園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)乃至全市(shi)低碳科技、綠色經濟(ji)發展中(zhong),起著積極的(de)引領示范作用(yong)(yong)。
新(xin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan),規劃建設五個(ge)功(gong)能區(qu)新(xin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)位于長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)京(jing)段,屬(shu)于江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中一(yi)島,具(ju)體(ti)在長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)三橋上游16公(gong)里,是南(nan)京(jing)市(shi)僅次于八(ba)卦洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)心洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)第三大江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中島嶼。由于新(xin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)存在,長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)京(jing)段江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水被一(yi)分為二,形成北(bei)汊、南(nan)汊二股水道。2011年(nian),新(xin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)經國(guo)家林(lin)業(ye)局批準,成立“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇南(nan)京(jing)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)”(試(shi)點(dian)),公(gong)園(yuan)位于南(nan)京(jing)市(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寧區(qu),地(di)(di)(di)處江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇省長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段最(zui)上游,主要包括長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)水位時的(de)(de)新(xin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、新(xin)生洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、再生洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、子(zi)母洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和子(zi)匯洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)范圍。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)規劃總面積2666.8公(gong)頃。
根(gen)據規劃,濕地(di)公(gong)園將建設五個功(gong)能(neng)區(qu),其中濕地(di)保護保育區(qu)1755.4公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),濕地(di)恢復重建區(qu)261.3公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),科普宣教展示區(qu)65.5公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),合理(li)(li)利用示范區(qu)574.8公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),綜合管理(li)(li)服務區(qu)9.8公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。濕地(di)公(gong)園以典型的長(chang)江中下游洲灘濕地(di)生態系統為(wei)核心,以長(chang)江濕地(di)、數(shu)個永久性(xing)沙(sha)洲與(yu)季(ji)節性(xing)沙(sha)洲、洲內湖塘和(he)河溪、沼澤濕地(di)和(he)生態防(fang)護林復合景觀為(wei)特色,是集保護保育、科普宣教、科研監測和(he)生態旅游于一體(ti)的國家級濕地(di)公(gong)園。
由于新濟洲(zhou)的原住民早(zao)在幾十年(nian)(nian)前因為(wei)常年(nian)(nian)遭(zao)遇(yu)長江洪災,被當(dang)地政府安置上岸,而(er)之后(hou)新濟洲(zhou)一直作為(wei)相關科研使用,洲(zhou)上整體生(sheng)態系統結(jie)構完整,自然景觀獨特,生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性豐(feng)富,很多(duo)在陸地上看不(bu)到的珍稀(xi)動植物(wu),在這都能見到。
據不完全統計(ji),濕地公(gong)園(yuan)區域(yu)共有(you)(you)維管束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)366種(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)于78科(ke)219屬(shu)。包括國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong):紅豆杉(shan)、水(shui)杉(shan)和莼(chun)菜,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong),分別是水(shui)蕨、香樟、蓮(lian)、野(ye)菱、重(zhong)陽木(mu)。野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)列(lie)為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)如江(jiang)(jiang)豚、赤腹鷹等共計(ji)12種(zhong)(zhong);列(lie)入《國(guo)(guo)家(jia)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)有(you)(you)益的(de)或者有(you)(you)重(zhong)要(yao)經濟、科(ke)學研究價值的(de)陸生野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)達91種(zhong)(zhong);列(lie)入《瀕危動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易公(gong)約(yue)》的(de)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)共計(ji)15種(zhong)(zhong);被(bei)列(lie)為江(jiang)(jiang)蘇省重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)有(you)(you)17種(zhong)(zhong);另外,長江(jiang)(jiang)新濟洲國(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕地公(gong)園(yuan)有(you)(you)不少(shao)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與日(ri)本、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與澳大利亞共同(tong)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)候鳥(niao),列(lie)入中(zhong)(zhong)日(ri)候鳥(niao)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)協定(ding)(ding)的(de)有(you)(you)34種(zhong)(zhong);列(lie)入中(zhong)(zhong)澳候鳥(niao)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)協定(ding)(ding)的(de)有(you)(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)。
新(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)國(guo)家濕地公園驗(yan)收(shou)通過后,2016年將逐(zhu)步對市(shi)(shi)民開放(fang),首先是向(xiang)科研(yan)團體開放(fang),接著(zhu)是學生(sheng)團體,因為(wei)這里還將會建設(she)教育(yu)基地,最后在大交通配套的(de)問題,以及渡江安全(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)的(de)問題等(deng)解決(jue)好后,才會向(xiang)普通市(shi)(shi)民開放(fang)。