南(nan)京長江(jiang)新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位于南(nan)京市(shi)(shi)江(jiang)寧區(qu),是(shi)南(nan)京首個國(guo)際級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)包括新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、新(xin)(xin)生洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、再生洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、子母洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和子匯洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)五(wu)個島嶼(yu)以及長江(jiang)水域(yu)和兩(liang)岸灘涂地(di),總面積為58.6平方(fang)千米。其中,新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)面積為9.5平方(fang)千米,號稱“長江(jiang)江(jiang)蘇(su)第(di)一(yi)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。從城市(shi)(shi)生態(tai)系統(tong)來看,新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)處(chu)于南(nan)京長江(jiang)最上(shang)游,是(shi)南(nan)京區(qu)域(yu)綠地(di)系統(tong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成部分,對(dui)水資(zi)源調節(jie)和凈化(hua)、生物資(zi)源保護作用(yong)重(zhong)大,具有(you)較高的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)科(ke)研價值;從城市(shi)(shi)空間來看,新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)處(chu)于江(jiang)蘇(su)沿江(jiang)發展(zhan)帶起(qi)點,處(chu)于濱江(jiang)新(xin)(xin)城的(de)(de)服務半徑(jing)內(nei),距市(shi)(shi)中心僅有(you)35公(gong)(gong)里(li),隨著軌道交通、過江(jiang)通道、濱江(jiang)大道的(de)(de)規劃建設,園(yuan)區(qu)將(jiang)(jiang)進一(yi)步拉近與(yu)主城的(de)(de)關(guan)系,新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)設立,將(jiang)(jiang)在園(yuan)區(qu)乃至全市(shi)(shi)低碳科(ke)技、綠色經濟發展(zhan)中,起(qi)著積極的(de)(de)引領示范作用(yong)。
新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan),規劃(hua)建設五個(ge)功能區(qu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)南(nan)京(jing)段(duan),屬于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)中一(yi)島,具體在(zai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)三橋(qiao)上游(you)16公(gong)里,是南(nan)京(jing)市僅次于(yu)(yu)八卦洲(zhou)(zhou)、江(jiang)心洲(zhou)(zhou)的(de)第三大江(jiang)中島嶼。由于(yu)(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)的(de)存(cun)在(zai),長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)南(nan)京(jing)段(duan)江(jiang)水被一(yi)分(fen)為(wei)二(er),形成北汊、南(nan)汊二(er)股(gu)水道。2011年,新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)濕(shi)地(di)經國(guo)家(jia)林業局批準,成立“江(jiang)蘇(su)南(nan)京(jing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)”(試(shi)點),公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)南(nan)京(jing)市江(jiang)寧區(qu),地(di)處江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)段(duan)最(zui)上游(you),主要包括(kuo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)低水位(wei)時(shi)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)生洲(zhou)(zhou)、再生洲(zhou)(zhou)、子(zi)母洲(zhou)(zhou)和子(zi)匯洲(zhou)(zhou)范圍。濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)規劃(hua)總面(mian)積(ji)2666.8公(gong)頃。
根據(ju)規劃(hua),濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園將建(jian)設五個功能區(qu)(qu),其中濕(shi)地保護保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)1755.4公(gong)(gong)頃,濕(shi)地恢復重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)261.3公(gong)(gong)頃,科普宣教展示區(qu)(qu)65.5公(gong)(gong)頃,合理(li)利用示范(fan)區(qu)(qu)574.8公(gong)(gong)頃,綜合管理(li)服務區(qu)(qu)9.8公(gong)(gong)頃。濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園以(yi)典型的長江(jiang)(jiang)中下游(you)(you)洲灘濕(shi)地生態系統為(wei)核心(xin),以(yi)長江(jiang)(jiang)濕(shi)地、數個永(yong)久性沙(sha)洲與季節性沙(sha)洲、洲內湖塘和河溪、沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地和生態防護林復合景觀為(wei)特色,是集保護保育(yu)、科普宣教、科研(yan)監測和生態旅游(you)(you)于一體的國家級濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園。
由于新濟(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)原住民早(zao)在幾十(shi)年前(qian)因為(wei)常年遭遇長江洪災,被當地政府(fu)安(an)置上岸(an),而之(zhi)后新濟(ji)洲(zhou)(zhou)一直作為(wei)相關科研(yan)使用(yong),洲(zhou)(zhou)上整體生態系統結(jie)構完整,自然景觀獨特(te),生物多(duo)樣性豐富,很(hen)多(duo)在陸(lu)地上看不到的(de)(de)珍稀動植(zhi)物,在這都能見到。
據不(bu)完全統計(ji),濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園區域(yu)共(gong)有維管束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)366種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)于(yu)78科219屬(shu)。包(bao)括國(guo)家Ⅰ級重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):紅豆(dou)杉(shan)(shan)、水杉(shan)(shan)和莼菜(cai),國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別(bie)是水蕨、香樟、蓮、野(ye)菱、重陽(yang)木。野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中,有列為(wei)國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)如江(jiang)豚、赤腹(fu)鷹等共(gong)計(ji)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列入《國(guo)家保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)有益的(de)(de)或者有重要經(jing)濟、科學研究價值的(de)(de)陸生野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)達91種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列入《瀕危動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)約》的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)計(ji)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);被列為(wei)江(jiang)蘇省重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)有17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);另外,長江(jiang)新濟洲國(guo)家濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園有不(bu)少(shao)中國(guo)與日本、中國(guo)與澳大利亞共(gong)同保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)候(hou)鳥,列入中日候(hou)鳥保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)協定的(de)(de)有34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列入中澳候(hou)鳥保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)協定的(de)(de)有9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
新濟洲國家濕地(di)公園(yuan)驗(yan)收通(tong)過后,2016年將逐(zhu)步對市民開放,首先(xian)是向科研(yan)團體開放,接(jie)著(zhu)是學生團體,因為這里還將會(hui)建設教育基地(di),最后在大交通(tong)配套的問題,以及渡江安全(quan)保障的問題等解決好后,才會(hui)向普通(tong)市民開放。