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基本介紹

利辛西淝河(he)國家(jia)濕地(di)公園東起呂臺大(da)(da)橋，西至蝴蝶(die)(die)泉，南達西淝河(he)與茨(ci)淮新河(he)交匯處，北(bei)(bei)到S305線馬(ma)店大(da)(da)橋。地(di)理坐標為東經116°08′01″—116°13′48″，北(bei)(bei)緯33°02′34″—33°06′14″。濕地(di)公園范(fan)圍(wei)包括西淝河(he)中游馬(ma)店大(da)(da)橋至淝河(he)口段，以(yi)及西淝河(he)兩側蝴蝶(die)(die)泉、雙溝(gou)、黑楊溝(gou)等庫塘(tang)濕地(di)，南北(bei)(bei)長6.71公里(li)，東西寬(kuan)9.09公里(li)，面積791.65公頃。

利辛西淝河(he)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富。根據《全國(guo)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)調查技(ji)術(shu)規程（試行）》的分類(lei)系統(tong)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)分為河(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、湖(hu)泊濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、人工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)4大濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)類(lei)和(he)永久性河(he)流、永久性淡水湖(hu)、草本(ben)沼澤、庫塘、稻田5個濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)型(xing)。

西淝河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)445.75公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)56.31%。其(qi)中，永(yong)久性河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為262.07公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)58.79%，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)33.10%；永(yong)久性淡水湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為57.42公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12.88%，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)7.25%；草本沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為25.85公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)6.10%，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)3.27%；庫(ku)塘(tang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為96.20公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)21.58%，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12.15%；稻田濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為4.21公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)0.95%，占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)0.54%。

植物資源

通(tong)過(guo)實(shi)地調查、標(biao)本采(cai)集(ji)、鑒定，濕地公(gong)園內高等植(zhi)物(wu)共有蕨(jue)類植(zhi)物(wu)5科(ke)6種(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)4科(ke)7種(zhong)，單(dan)子(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)15科(ke)57種(zhong)，雙子(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)67科(ke)212種(zhong)。其中有睡(shui)蓮、野(ye)大(da)豆等國(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)2種(zhong)。

動物資源

濕地(di)公園內有哺乳動物(wu)(wu)5目5科(ke)8種(zhong)，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類15目33科(ke)132種(zhong)，爬行動物(wu)(wu)3目5科(ke)11種(zhong)，兩棲動物(wu)(wu)1目2科(ke)4種(zhong)，魚類5目7科(ke)16種(zhong)。其中，國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級保護動物(wu)(wu)14種(zhong)：刺猬、白(bai)額雁、白(bai)尾鷂、鵲(que)鷂、雀鷹(ying)、普(pu)通鵟、黑(hei)鳶、紅(hong)隼(sun)、燕隼(sun)、阿穆(mu)爾(er)隼(sun)、鷹(ying)鸮(xiao)、長耳(er)鸮(xiao)、短耳(er)鸮(xiao)，安徽省(sheng)Ⅱ級保護動物(wu)(wu)33種(zhong)，即黃(huang)鼬、狗獾、花背(bei)蟾(chan)蜍、中華大(da)蟾(chan)蜍、黑(hei)斑蛙、鴻(hong)雁、豆(dou)雁、灰雁、羅紋鴨(ya)、赤膀鴨(ya)、綠翅鴨(ya)、綠頭(tou)鴨(ya)、斑嘴(zui)鴨(ya)、白(bai)眉鴨(ya)、紅(hong)頭(tou)潛(qian)鴨(ya)、青(qing)頭(tou)潛(qian)鴨(ya)、白(bai)眼潛(qian)鴨(ya)、普(pu)通秋沙鴨(ya)、鵪鶉、環頸雉、四聲杜鵑、大(da)杜鵑、普(pu)通夜鷹(ying)、星(xing)頭(tou)啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)、大(da)斑啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)、灰頭(tou)綠啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)、家(jia)燕、金腰燕、紅(hong)尾伯勞、棕背(bei)伯勞、黑(hei)枕(zhen)黃(huang)鸝、灰喜(xi)鵲(que)、暗綠繡(xiu)眼鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)。

地理環境

水文氣候

濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)位于暖溫(wen)(wen)帶半濕(shi)潤季風(feng)氣(qi)候區(qu)，有明顯地過渡性特(te)征，主要(yao)表現為(wei)(wei)季風(feng)明顯，氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)，雨(yu)量適(shi)中(zhong)，光照(zhao)充(chong)足(zu)，無霜期(qi)長，四季分明，春溫(wen)(wen)多變，夏雨(yu)集中(zhong)，秋高(gao)氣(qi)爽，冬(dong)長且干(gan)。根據(ju)近(jin)五年(nian)氣(qi)象資料(liao)，年(nian)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)15.1℃，極端最高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)37.8℃，極端最低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)-9.5℃；平均(jun)降雨(yu)量784.4毫(hao)米，年(nian)降雨(yu)日(ri)數平均(jun)為(wei)(wei)97.5天(tian)(tian)，常(chang)年(nian)雨(yu)季為(wei)(wei)6月(yue)下旬至8月(yue)中(zhong)旬；全年(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)1797.3小時(shi)，日(ri)照(zhao)百分率(lv)為(wei)(wei)49.9%；全年(nian)平均(jun)相對濕(shi)度(du)71%，無霜期(qi)226天(tian)(tian)。