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基本介紹

利(li)辛西淝河(he)(he)國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園東起呂(lv)臺大(da)橋(qiao)，西至(zhi)蝴蝶泉，南(nan)達西淝河(he)(he)與茨淮新河(he)(he)交(jiao)匯處，北到(dao)S305線馬(ma)店(dian)大(da)橋(qiao)。地(di)(di)理坐標為東經116°08′01″—116°13′48″，北緯33°02′34″—33°06′14″。濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園范圍包括西淝河(he)(he)中游馬(ma)店(dian)大(da)橋(qiao)至(zhi)淝河(he)(he)口段，以及(ji)西淝河(he)(he)兩側蝴蝶泉、雙溝、黑(hei)楊溝等庫塘(tang)濕(shi)地(di)(di)，南(nan)北長6.71公里，東西寬(kuan)9.09公里，面積791.65公頃。

利辛西淝河國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園內(nei)濕(shi)地(di)資(zi)源豐富。根(gen)據《全國濕(shi)地(di)資(zi)源調查技(ji)術規程（試行）》的(de)分(fen)類(lei)系統，濕(shi)地(di)公園內(nei)濕(shi)地(di)分(fen)為(wei)河流濕(shi)地(di)、湖泊(bo)濕(shi)地(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)、人(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)4大濕(shi)地(di)類(lei)和永久(jiu)性河流、永久(jiu)性淡(dan)水湖、草本沼澤、庫塘、稻田(tian)5個濕(shi)地(di)型(xing)。

西淝河濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)445.75公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)56.31%。其中，永久(jiu)性河流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)262.07公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)58.79%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)33.10%；永久(jiu)性淡水湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)57.42公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)12.88%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)7.25%；草本沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)25.85公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)6.10%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3.27%；庫(ku)塘濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)96.20公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)21.58%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)12.15%；稻田濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)4.21公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)0.95%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)0.54%。

植物資源

通過實地調查、標本采集、鑒定，濕(shi)地公園內(nei)高等植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共(gong)有蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5科6種(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4科7種(zhong)(zhong)，單子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)15科57種(zhong)(zhong)，雙(shuang)子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)67科212種(zhong)(zhong)。其中有睡蓮(lian)、野大豆等國家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護野生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)。

動物資源

濕地公園內有哺乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)5目5科(ke)8種(zhong)，鳥(niao)類15目33科(ke)132種(zhong)，爬行動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)3目5科(ke)11種(zhong)，兩棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1目2科(ke)4種(zhong)，魚類5目7科(ke)16種(zhong)。其(qi)中，國家Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)14種(zhong)：刺(ci)猬(wei)、白額雁(yan)、白尾(wei)鷂、鵲(que)鷂、雀鷹(ying)、普(pu)(pu)通鵟、黑鳶、紅隼、燕(yan)隼、阿(a)穆爾隼、鷹(ying)鸮(xiao)、長(chang)耳鸮(xiao)、短耳鸮(xiao)，安(an)徽省Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)33種(zhong)，即(ji)黃鼬、狗(gou)獾、花背蟾蜍(chu)、中華大蟾蜍(chu)、黑斑蛙、鴻雁(yan)、豆雁(yan)、灰(hui)雁(yan)、羅紋(wen)鴨(ya)、赤膀鴨(ya)、綠翅鴨(ya)、綠頭(tou)(tou)鴨(ya)、斑嘴鴨(ya)、白眉鴨(ya)、紅頭(tou)(tou)潛鴨(ya)、青頭(tou)(tou)潛鴨(ya)、白眼潛鴨(ya)、普(pu)(pu)通秋沙鴨(ya)、鵪(an)鶉(chun)、環頸雉、四(si)聲杜(du)鵑(juan)、大杜(du)鵑(juan)、普(pu)(pu)通夜鷹(ying)、星頭(tou)(tou)啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)、大斑啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)、灰(hui)頭(tou)(tou)綠啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)、家燕(yan)、金腰燕(yan)、紅尾(wei)伯勞、棕(zong)背伯勞、黑枕黃鸝、灰(hui)喜鵲(que)、暗綠繡眼鳥(niao)。

地理環境

水文氣候

濕(shi)地公園位于暖溫帶(dai)半濕(shi)潤季(ji)(ji)風氣候區，有明(ming)顯地過渡性特征(zheng)，主要表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)季(ji)(ji)風明(ming)顯，氣候溫和，雨量(liang)適中(zhong)，光照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)充足，無(wu)霜期長，四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming)，春溫多變，夏雨集中(zhong)，秋(qiu)高氣爽，冬長且干。根據近五年(nian)氣象資料(liao)，年(nian)均(jun)(jun)溫度(du)15.1℃，極端最高溫度(du)37.8℃，極端最低溫度(du)-9.5℃；平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨量(liang)784.4毫米，年(nian)降雨日數平(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)97.5天(tian)，常年(nian)雨季(ji)(ji)為(wei)6月(yue)下旬至8月(yue)中(zhong)旬；全(quan)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)1797.3小時，日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)百(bai)分率為(wei)49.9%；全(quan)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度(du)71%，無(wu)霜期226天(tian)。