利辛西(xi)淝(fei)(fei)河(he)國家濕地公(gong)園東(dong)(dong)起(qi)呂(lv)臺大橋(qiao),西(xi)至(zhi)蝴蝶(die)泉,南(nan)達西(xi)淝(fei)(fei)河(he)與茨淮新河(he)交(jiao)匯處,北到S305線馬店(dian)(dian)大橋(qiao)。地理坐標為東(dong)(dong)經116°08′01″—116°13′48″,北緯33°02′34″—33°06′14″。濕地公(gong)園范圍(wei)包括(kuo)西(xi)淝(fei)(fei)河(he)中(zhong)游馬店(dian)(dian)大橋(qiao)至(zhi)淝(fei)(fei)河(he)口段,以及西(xi)淝(fei)(fei)河(he)兩側蝴蝶(die)泉、雙溝、黑楊溝等(deng)庫塘濕地,南(nan)北長6.71公(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬9.09公(gong)里,面積791.65公(gong)頃(qing)。
利辛西淝(fei)河國家濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園內(nei)濕(shi)地(di)資源豐(feng)富。根據《全國濕(shi)地(di)資源調查技術規(gui)程(cheng)(試行)》的(de)分類系統,濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園內(nei)濕(shi)地(di)分為河流濕(shi)地(di)、湖泊濕(shi)地(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)、人工濕(shi)地(di)4大濕(shi)地(di)類和(he)永久性(xing)河流、永久性(xing)淡(dan)水湖、草(cao)本沼澤、庫塘、稻田(tian)5個(ge)濕(shi)地(di)型。
西淝河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)445.75公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的56.31%。其中,永(yong)久性河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)262.07公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的58.79%,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的33.10%;永(yong)久性淡水湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)57.42公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的12.88%,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的7.25%;草本(ben)沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)25.85公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的6.10%,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的3.27%;庫塘濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)96.20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的21.58%,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的12.15%;稻田濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)4.21公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的0.95%,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的0.54%。
通過實地調查、標本采集、鑒定,濕地公園內高(gao)等植物(wu)(wu)共有蕨類植物(wu)(wu)5科6種,裸子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)4科7種,單子(zi)葉(xie)植物(wu)(wu)15科57種,雙子(zi)葉(xie)植物(wu)(wu)67科212種。其中有睡蓮、野(ye)大豆(dou)等國家Ⅱ級保(bao)護野(ye)生植物(wu)(wu)2種。
濕(shi)地公園內有哺乳動(dong)(dong)物5目(mu)5科(ke)8種(zhong),鳥類15目(mu)33科(ke)132種(zhong),爬行動(dong)(dong)物3目(mu)5科(ke)11種(zhong),兩棲動(dong)(dong)物1目(mu)2科(ke)4種(zhong),魚類5目(mu)7科(ke)16種(zhong)。其中,國家(jia)Ⅱ級保護動(dong)(dong)物14種(zhong):刺(ci)猬、白(bai)額雁、白(bai)尾鷂(yao)、鵲(que)鷂(yao)、雀鷹、普(pu)通鵟、黑(hei)鳶、紅(hong)隼(sun)、燕(yan)(yan)隼(sun)、阿(a)穆爾(er)隼(sun)、鷹鸮、長耳(er)鸮、短耳(er)鸮,安徽省Ⅱ級保護動(dong)(dong)物33種(zhong),即黃鼬、狗獾、花背蟾(chan)蜍(chu)(chu)、中華大蟾(chan)蜍(chu)(chu)、黑(hei)斑(ban)蛙、鴻雁、豆雁、灰雁、羅紋鴨(ya)(ya)、赤(chi)膀(bang)鴨(ya)(ya)、綠翅鴨(ya)(ya)、綠頭(tou)鴨(ya)(ya)、斑(ban)嘴鴨(ya)(ya)、白(bai)眉鴨(ya)(ya)、紅(hong)頭(tou)潛鴨(ya)(ya)、青頭(tou)潛鴨(ya)(ya)、白(bai)眼潛鴨(ya)(ya)、普(pu)通秋沙鴨(ya)(ya)、鵪鶉、環頸(jing)雉、四聲杜(du)鵑、大杜(du)鵑、普(pu)通夜鷹、星頭(tou)啄(zhuo)木鳥、大斑(ban)啄(zhuo)木鳥、灰頭(tou)綠啄(zhuo)木鳥、家(jia)燕(yan)(yan)、金腰燕(yan)(yan)、紅(hong)尾伯勞、棕背伯勞、黑(hei)枕黃鸝、灰喜鵲(que)、暗綠繡眼鳥。
濕地公園(yuan)位于暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶半(ban)濕潤(run)季風氣(qi)候區,有(you)明(ming)顯地過渡性特(te)征,主要表現為季風明(ming)顯,氣(qi)候溫(wen)和,雨量適中(zhong),光照充足,無霜(shuang)期(qi)長,四季分明(ming),春溫(wen)多變(bian),夏(xia)雨集(ji)中(zhong),秋高氣(qi)爽,冬長且干(gan)。根據近五(wu)年(nian)氣(qi)象資料,年(nian)均(jun)溫(wen)度15.1℃,極(ji)端最高溫(wen)度37.8℃,極(ji)端最低溫(wen)度-9.5℃;平均(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量784.4毫米,年(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨日(ri)數(shu)平均(jun)為97.5天,常年(nian)雨季為6月下旬(xun)至8月中(zhong)旬(xun);全(quan)年(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照1797.3小(xiao)時,日(ri)照百分率為49.9%;全(quan)年(nian)平均(jun)相對濕度71%,無霜(shuang)期(qi)226天。