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基本介紹

利(li)辛西(xi)(xi)(xi)淝(fei)河(he)國(guo)家濕地(di)公園東(dong)起(qi)呂臺大(da)橋(qiao)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)至蝴(hu)蝶(die)泉(quan)，南達西(xi)(xi)(xi)淝(fei)河(he)與茨淮新河(he)交匯處，北到S305線馬(ma)店大(da)橋(qiao)。地(di)理坐標為東(dong)經116°08′01″—116°13′48″，北緯33°02′34″—33°06′14″。濕地(di)公園范圍包(bao)括西(xi)(xi)(xi)淝(fei)河(he)中游(you)馬(ma)店大(da)橋(qiao)至淝(fei)河(he)口段，以及(ji)西(xi)(xi)(xi)淝(fei)河(he)兩側蝴(hu)蝶(die)泉(quan)、雙溝(gou)、黑(hei)楊溝(gou)等(deng)庫(ku)塘濕地(di)，南北長6.71公里，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬9.09公里，面積791.65公頃。

利辛西淝(fei)河(he)國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園內(nei)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)豐富(fu)。根據《全國(guo)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)調查技術規(gui)程（試行）》的分類系統(tong)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園內(nei)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)分為河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、湖泊濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)4大濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類和永久(jiu)性河(he)流、永久(jiu)性淡水湖、草本沼(zhao)澤(ze)、庫塘、稻田(tian)5個濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型。

西淝河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)445.75公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)地(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)56.31%。其(qi)中，永(yong)久性河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)262.07公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)58.79%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)33.10%；永(yong)久性淡水湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)57.42公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12.88%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)7.25%；草本(ben)沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)25.85公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)6.10%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)3.27%；庫塘濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)96.20公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)21.58%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12.15%；稻(dao)田(tian)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)4.21公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)0.95%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)0.54%。

植物資源

通過實地(di)調查、標本采集、鑒定，濕(shi)地(di)公園內(nei)高等植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共有(you)蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5科(ke)6種，裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4科(ke)7種，單子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)15科(ke)57種，雙子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)67科(ke)212種。其中(zhong)有(you)睡蓮、野大豆等國家Ⅱ級保護(hu)野生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種。

動物資源

濕地公園(yuan)內(nei)有哺乳動物5目5科(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)15目33科(ke)132種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行動物3目5科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲動物1目2科(ke)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚類(lei)5目7科(ke)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中，國家Ⅱ級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：刺猬、白額(e)雁(yan)、白尾鷂(yao)、鵲(que)鷂(yao)、雀鷹、普(pu)通鵟、黑鳶、紅(hong)隼、燕(yan)隼、阿穆(mu)爾隼、鷹鸮、長耳鸮、短耳鸮，安徽省Ⅱ級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即黃(huang)鼬、狗獾、花背(bei)蟾蜍、中華大(da)蟾蜍、黑斑蛙、鴻雁(yan)、豆雁(yan)、灰(hui)雁(yan)、羅(luo)紋(wen)鴨(ya)(ya)、赤膀鴨(ya)(ya)、綠(lv)(lv)翅鴨(ya)(ya)、綠(lv)(lv)頭(tou)鴨(ya)(ya)、斑嘴鴨(ya)(ya)、白眉鴨(ya)(ya)、紅(hong)頭(tou)潛鴨(ya)(ya)、青頭(tou)潛鴨(ya)(ya)、白眼潛鴨(ya)(ya)、普(pu)通秋沙鴨(ya)(ya)、鵪(an)鶉、環頸雉、四聲杜(du)鵑、大(da)杜(du)鵑、普(pu)通夜鷹、星頭(tou)啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)、大(da)斑啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)、灰(hui)頭(tou)綠(lv)(lv)啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)、家燕(yan)、金腰(yao)燕(yan)、紅(hong)尾伯勞、棕背(bei)伯勞、黑枕(zhen)黃(huang)鸝、灰(hui)喜鵲(que)、暗綠(lv)(lv)繡眼鳥(niao)(niao)。

地理環境

水文氣候

濕(shi)地公(gong)園位于暖溫(wen)(wen)帶半濕(shi)潤(run)季(ji)風氣(qi)候區，有明(ming)顯地過渡性特征(zheng)，主要表(biao)現為(wei)季(ji)風明(ming)顯，氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)，雨(yu)量適中(zhong)，光照(zhao)充足，無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期長，四(si)季(ji)分明(ming)，春溫(wen)(wen)多(duo)變，夏(xia)雨(yu)集中(zhong)，秋高氣(qi)爽，冬長且干。根據近五年(nian)(nian)氣(qi)象資(zi)料，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)15.1℃，極(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)37.8℃，極(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)-9.5℃；平均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量784.4毫米，年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)日(ri)數(shu)平均(jun)為(wei)97.5天(tian)，常(chang)年(nian)(nian)雨(yu)季(ji)為(wei)6月下(xia)旬至8月中(zhong)旬；全(quan)年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)1797.3小(xiao)時，日(ri)照(zhao)百分率(lv)為(wei)49.9%；全(quan)年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)相對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)(du)71%，無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期226天(tian)。