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基本介紹

利辛西淝(fei)河(he)(he)國家濕地公(gong)園東(dong)起呂臺大橋，西至蝴蝶(die)泉，南達(da)西淝(fei)河(he)(he)與茨(ci)淮(huai)新河(he)(he)交匯(hui)處，北到S305線馬店(dian)大橋。地理坐(zuo)標為(wei)東(dong)經116°08′01″—116°13′48″，北緯33°02′34″—33°06′14″。濕地公(gong)園范圍(wei)包括西淝(fei)河(he)(he)中游馬店(dian)大橋至淝(fei)河(he)(he)口段，以及西淝(fei)河(he)(he)兩側蝴蝶(die)泉、雙溝、黑(hei)楊(yang)溝等庫塘濕地，南北長6.71公(gong)里，東(dong)西寬9.09公(gong)里，面積(ji)791.65公(gong)頃。

利辛西(xi)淝(fei)河國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)豐富。根(gen)據《全國濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)調(diao)查技術規(gui)程（試行）》的分類系統，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)分為河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、湖泊濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、人工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4大(da)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)類和永久性(xing)河流、永久性(xing)淡水湖、草本沼(zhao)澤、庫塘、稻田5個濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)型。

西(xi)淝河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)445.75公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)56.31%。其中(zhong)，永(yong)久(jiu)性河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)262.07公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)58.79%，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)33.10%；永(yong)久(jiu)性淡水湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)57.42公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)12.88%，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)7.25%；草本沼澤濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)25.85公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)6.10%，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3.27%；庫塘濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)96.20公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)21.58%，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)12.15%；稻(dao)田濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)4.21公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)0.95%，占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)0.54%。

植物資源

通過實地(di)調查、標本采集、鑒(jian)定，濕地(di)公園內(nei)高等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)共有蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)5科6種，裸子植(zhi)物(wu)4科7種，單子葉植(zhi)物(wu)15科57種，雙子葉植(zhi)物(wu)67科212種。其中(zhong)有睡蓮、野大豆等(deng)國家Ⅱ級保護野生植(zhi)物(wu)2種。

動物資源

濕(shi)地公園內有哺(bu)乳動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5目(mu)(mu)5科(ke)8種(zhong)，鳥(niao)類(lei)15目(mu)(mu)33科(ke)132種(zhong)，爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3目(mu)(mu)5科(ke)11種(zhong)，兩棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1目(mu)(mu)2科(ke)4種(zhong)，魚類(lei)5目(mu)(mu)7科(ke)16種(zhong)。其中(zhong)，國家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)14種(zhong)：刺猬(wei)、白(bai)額(e)雁、白(bai)尾鷂(yao)、鵲(que)(que)鷂(yao)、雀鷹、普通(tong)鵟、黑鳶、紅隼、燕(yan)隼、阿(a)穆爾隼、鷹鸮、長(chang)耳鸮、短耳鸮，安徽省Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)33種(zhong)，即(ji)黃鼬、狗獾(huan)、花(hua)背(bei)蟾(chan)蜍、中(zhong)華(hua)大(da)蟾(chan)蜍、黑斑(ban)蛙、鴻雁、豆雁、灰(hui)雁、羅紋鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、赤膀鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、綠翅鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、綠頭(tou)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、斑(ban)嘴(zui)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、白(bai)眉鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、紅頭(tou)潛(qian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、青頭(tou)潛(qian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、白(bai)眼潛(qian)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、普通(tong)秋沙(sha)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、鵪鶉、環頸雉、四聲杜鵑、大(da)杜鵑、普通(tong)夜(ye)鷹、星(xing)頭(tou)啄(zhuo)木鳥(niao)、大(da)斑(ban)啄(zhuo)木鳥(niao)、灰(hui)頭(tou)綠啄(zhuo)木鳥(niao)、家燕(yan)、金腰燕(yan)、紅尾伯(bo)勞、棕(zong)背(bei)伯(bo)勞、黑枕黃鸝、灰(hui)喜鵲(que)(que)、暗(an)綠繡眼鳥(niao)。

地理環境

水文氣候

濕地(di)公園位于暖溫(wen)帶半濕潤季風氣候區，有明(ming)顯(xian)地(di)過渡性特征，主要(yao)表現為(wei)季風明(ming)顯(xian)，氣候溫(wen)和，雨量(liang)(liang)適中(zhong)(zhong)，光照(zhao)(zhao)充足，無(wu)霜期長，四季分明(ming)，春溫(wen)多變，夏(xia)雨集中(zhong)(zhong)，秋高氣爽，冬長且(qie)干。根據近五年(nian)氣象資料，年(nian)均溫(wen)度(du)15.1℃，極端最高溫(wen)度(du)37.8℃，極端最低溫(wen)度(du)-9.5℃；平均降雨量(liang)(liang)784.4毫(hao)米，年(nian)降雨日數平均為(wei)97.5天(tian)，常年(nian)雨季為(wei)6月下旬(xun)至(zhi)8月中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)；全年(nian)平均日照(zhao)(zhao)1797.3小時，日照(zhao)(zhao)百分率為(wei)49.9%；全年(nian)平均相對濕度(du)71%，無(wu)霜期226天(tian)。