湖(hu)北五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)百溪(xi)河國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園位于湖(hu)北省五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),總面積501.9公(gong)頃。擬建的(de)(de)湖(hu)北五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)百溪(xi)河國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園位于鄂西南(nan)宜昌市(shi)五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(以(yi)下簡稱五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))中(zhong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu),屬云(yun)貴高(gao)原武陵山脈(mo)北支脈(mo)尾部(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,是2011年(nian)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)發布的(de)(de)《武陵山片區區域(yu)發展(zhan)與扶(fu)貧攻堅(jian)規劃(hua)(2011~2020)》中(zhong)生態保護的(de)(de)中(zhong)心區域(yu)。五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)鄰(lin)宜都市(shi)、松滋市(shi),西倚(yi)鶴峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴東(dong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),南(nan)接(jie)湖(hu)南(nan)省石(shi)門縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),北毗(pi)長(chang)陽土(tu)(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),是一個土(tu)(tu)(tu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族占(zhan)7成(cheng)以(yi)上的(de)(de)少數民族自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),也是湘鄂西革(ge)命老根據地(di)(di)(di)(di)之一。五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)版圖呈為(wei)東(dong)西方(fang)向的(de)(de)長(chang)條形,縱(zong)長(chang)達(da)98km,西部(bu)(bu)(bu)最(zui)(zui)寬處(chu)24km,東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)最(zui)(zui)窄地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)不足10km,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)國土(tu)(tu)(tu)面積2372km2。百溪(xi)河濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園地(di)(di)(di)(di)理坐標在東(dong)經110°38′52.207″~110°43′39.644″,北緯30°02′35.292″~30°07′12.038″之間,毗(pi)鄰(lin)湖(hu)北五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)后河國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保護區與湖(hu)南(nan)壺瓶(ping)山國家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保護區之間;離長(chang)江(jiang)水運港枝城火車站(zhan)約(yue)60km,離宜黃高(gao)速(su)、滬蓉(rong)高(gao)速(su)、318國道和三峽國際機(ji)場約(yue)80km,325省道貫穿縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境,交通便捷。
百溪(xi)河(he)(he)發源于五峰(feng)縣(xian)境內(nei)的(de)獨山,在雷打石(shi)進(jin)入湖南省(sheng)石(shi)門縣(xian),經(jing)澧(li)水(shui)(shui)入洞庭湖,是洞庭湖的(de)發源的(de)之一(yi)(yi),離長(chang)(chang)江僅60km,是長(chang)(chang)江的(de)重要支流(liu)之一(yi)(yi)。百溪(xi)河(he)(he)及澧(li)水(shui)(shui)支流(liu)每(mei)年向洞庭湖及長(chang)(chang)江匯(hui)入水(shui)(shui)量(liang)數(shu)十億立方米。百溪(xi)河(he)(he)在五峰(feng)境內(nei)流(liu)域面積(ji)(ji)(ji)164.3km2,河(he)(he)道(dao)長(chang)(chang)30.5km,坡降30.0‰。其(qi)左岸有(you)兩(liang)條較大支流(liu):泉(quan)河(he)(he)和林(lin)溪(xi)溝,其(qi)中,泉(quan)河(he)(he)集(ji)水(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)22.7km2,河(he)(he)道(dao)長(chang)(chang)度(du)6.8km;林(lin)溪(xi)溝集(ji)水(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)17.9km2,河(he)(he)道(dao)長(chang)(chang)度(du)7.6km。百溪(xi)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)能(neng)資源豐富,目前未開發利用。
百溪河濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園具有其特殊的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)文狀(zhuang)況、陸地(di)(di)和水(shui)(shui)域生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)交錯帶作用以及(ji)由(you)此產生(sheng)的(de)(de)特殊的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)功能。該濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園的(de)(de)建(jian)設不僅可以有效(xiao)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)百溪河水(shui)(shui)質(zhi),改善局地(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)土流(liu)失(shi)的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)其獨特的(de)(de)生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性,還可以使湖(hu)北五峰(feng)后河國家級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區與湖(hu)南壺瓶山國家級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區有機的(de)(de)連接(jie)為(wei)一體(ti),是對這塊100多(duo)萬畝原始洪(hong)荒(huang)的(de)(de)森林生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)補充,更(geng)是對洞(dong)庭湖(hu)的(de)(de)源頭(tou)河流(liu)澧水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu),同時(shi)對洞(dong)庭湖(hu)及(ji)長江支流(liu)河水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)起到示范引(yin)導作用。國家大江大河大湖(hu)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)要(yao)想得到根本改善,在各支流(liu)的(de)(de)源頭(tou)建(jian)設各種不同類型濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園或(huo)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區不失(shi)為(wei)良(liang)策之一。