湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)百溪(xi)河國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園位于湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)省五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)土家(jia)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian),總面積501.9公(gong)頃(qing)。擬(ni)建的湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)百溪(xi)河國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園位于鄂西(xi)南(nan)宜(yi)昌市(shi)五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)土家(jia)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)(以下簡稱五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian))中(zhong)南(nan)部,屬云貴高(gao)原武(wu)陵山脈(mo)北(bei)(bei)支脈(mo)尾部地(di)(di)帶(dai),是(shi)2011年國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)布(bu)的《武(wu)陵山片區(qu)區(qu)域發(fa)展與(yu)扶(fu)貧攻堅(jian)規劃(2011~2020)》中(zhong)生態保(bao)護(hu)的中(zhong)心區(qu)域。五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)東鄰宜(yi)都市(shi)、松滋市(shi),西(xi)倚鶴(he)峰(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)、巴東縣(xian)(xian),南(nan)接湖(hu)南(nan)省石門縣(xian)(xian),北(bei)(bei)毗長陽(yang)土家(jia)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian),是(shi)一(yi)個土家(jia)族(zu)占7成以上的少數(shu)民族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)(xian),也是(shi)湘鄂西(xi)革(ge)命老根據地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)版圖(tu)呈為東西(xi)方向的長條形,縱長達98km,西(xi)部最寬處(chu)24km,東部最窄地(di)(di)方不足(zu)10km,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)土面積2372km2。百溪(xi)河濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園地(di)(di)理(li)坐標在(zai)東經(jing)110°38′52.207″~110°43′39.644″,北(bei)(bei)緯30°02′35.292″~30°07′12.038″之(zhi)(zhi)間,毗鄰湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)五(wu)峰(feng)(feng)后河國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)與(yu)湖(hu)南(nan)壺瓶山國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)間;離(li)長江水運港枝城火車站(zhan)約(yue)(yue)60km,離(li)宜(yi)黃高(gao)速、滬蓉高(gao)速、318國(guo)(guo)(guo)道和三峽國(guo)(guo)(guo)際機場約(yue)(yue)80km,325省道貫(guan)穿縣(xian)(xian)境(jing),交(jiao)通便捷。
百(bai)(bai)溪(xi)(xi)河(he)發(fa)源(yuan)于五峰(feng)縣(xian)境內的(de)獨山(shan),在雷(lei)打石進入(ru)湖南省石門縣(xian),經澧水(shui)(shui)入(ru)洞(dong)(dong)庭(ting)湖,是(shi)洞(dong)(dong)庭(ting)湖的(de)發(fa)源(yuan)的(de)之(zhi)一,離長江僅60km,是(shi)長江的(de)重要支(zhi)流之(zhi)一。百(bai)(bai)溪(xi)(xi)河(he)及澧水(shui)(shui)支(zhi)流每(mei)年向洞(dong)(dong)庭(ting)湖及長江匯入(ru)水(shui)(shui)量數十億(yi)立(li)方米。百(bai)(bai)溪(xi)(xi)河(he)在五峰(feng)境內流域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)164.3km2,河(he)道(dao)長30.5km,坡降30.0‰。其左(zuo)岸有兩條(tiao)較大支(zhi)流:泉(quan)(quan)河(he)和(he)林(lin)溪(xi)(xi)溝,其中,泉(quan)(quan)河(he)集(ji)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)22.7km2,河(he)道(dao)長度6.8km;林(lin)溪(xi)(xi)溝集(ji)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)17.9km2,河(he)道(dao)長度7.6km。百(bai)(bai)溪(xi)(xi)河(he)水(shui)(shui)能資源(yuan)豐富(fu),目前未開發(fa)利用。
百(bai)溪(xi)河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園具有(you)(you)其(qi)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)文狀(zhuang)況(kuang)、陸地(di)(di)和水(shui)(shui)域生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)交(jiao)錯帶作用(yong)以(yi)及由(you)此產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)功能(neng)。該濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)不僅(jin)可以(yi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)地(di)(di)保護百(bai)溪(xi)河(he)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi),改善局地(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)土流(liu)失的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況(kuang),保護其(qi)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性,還可以(yi)使湖北五峰后河(he)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區與湖南壺(hu)瓶山國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區有(you)(you)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接為一體(ti),是對(dui)這(zhe)塊(kuai)100多萬畝原始洪荒的(de)(de)(de)(de)森林生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要補充,更是對(dui)洞庭湖的(de)(de)(de)(de)源頭(tou)河(he)流(liu)澧水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)保護,同(tong)時對(dui)洞庭湖及長江支流(liu)河(he)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)保護起到示范引導作用(yong)。國(guo)家大江大河(he)大湖的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)要想得(de)到根本(ben)改善,在(zai)各支流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)源頭(tou)建(jian)設(she)各種不同(tong)類(lei)型濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園或濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保護區不失為良(liang)策之一。