湖南思蒙國家濕地公園地處溆浦縣西部,涵蓋溆水(shui)(shui)下游河(he)道(dao)、銀珍水(shui)(shui)庫、河(he)州漫灘(tan)和(he)周邊(bian)部分山(shan)地,總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)1018公頃(qing),濕地面(mian)積(ji)715.8公頃(qing),占70.32%。公園內自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境優美、動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類繁多,濕地資(zi)(zi)源豐(feng)富(fu),有河(he)流、洪泛(fan)平原(yuan)濕地、庫塘組(zu)成了復合(he)濕地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統,沿河(he)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)風光與(yu)田園風光交輝相(xiang)應,丹霞山(shan)水(shui)(shui)、溶洞峽谷(gu)、古村驛(yi)站等(deng)景觀資(zi)(zi)源豐(feng)富(fu)多彩,園內有種(zhong)子植物(wu)(wu)145科(ke)、431屬、637種(zhong),其中屬于濕地植物(wu)(wu)有64科(ke)、159屬、206種(zhong),同時在公園范圍內監測到野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)共計26目67科(ke)171種(zhong),其種(zhong)數為湖南省已知(zhi)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)總(zong)數的18.67%,具有很高(gao)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)價值和(he)社會效(xiao)益(yi)。
2013年12月經(jing)國家(jia)林(lin)業(ye)局審批將(jiang)思蒙(meng)濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)列(lie)為國家(jia)級濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan),該公(gong)園(yuan)屬河(he)流濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan),地(di)(di)(di)(di)處湖南省溆(xu)浦縣西(xi)部(bu)的巖溶、丹(dan)霞地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)區,東(dong)起(qi)盧峰(feng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)坪的桔頌壩,西(xi)至江口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的犁頭咀,范圍(wei)包括溆(xu)水下游河(he)道(dao)、銀珍水庫(ku)、河(he)洲漫(man)灘和周邊部(bu)分山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di),共涉及盧峰(feng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、仲夏、思蒙(meng)、小(xiao)江、江口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等五個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),28個(ge)行政村,總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1018.0公(gong)頃,其中水域面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)715.8畝占70.32%,陸地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)及其他用地(di)(di)(di)(di))302.2畝。地(di)(di)(di)(di)理坐標介于東(dong)經(jing)110°22′38″~110°34′23″,北緯27°49′17″~27°54′08″之(zhi)間,南北長8.8千米,東(dong)西(xi)寬19.3千米。
濕地公園(yuan)境(jing)內(nei)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(包括常(chang)年有水(shui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的小溪(xi))總(zong)長度36.5千米(mi)(mi)(mi),主(zhu)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)床寬100~150米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)3960立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao),多年平均流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)1990立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao),年平均徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)26.3立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao),思蒙(meng)濕地公園(yuan)地處低山巖溶、丹霞地貌區,母巖以砂礫巖、石(shi)灰巖為(wei)主(zhu),土壤主(zhu)要為(wei)紅(hong)壤和近(jin)代河(he)湖(hu)沖積物發育(yu)而成的河(he)潮(chao)土,另有少量(liang)水(shui)稻土.
公園(yuan)內主(zhu)要有(you)江口(kou)、思蒙、仲夏(xia)3處(chu)碼(ma)(ma)頭,桃(tao)源洞(dong)天、三閭(lv)灘等主(zhu)要景點設有(you)簡易碼(ma)(ma)頭,通(tong)航里程27.0千米(mi)。通(tong)訊(xun)條件較好(hao),中(zhong)國(guo)移動、中(zhong)國(guo)電信(xin)、中(zhong)國(guo)聯通(tong)信(xin)號實(shi)現了全(quan)覆(fu)蓋.
園區內動(dong)植(zhi)物資源種(zhong)類繁(fan)多,有(you)種(zhong)子植(zhi)物145科(ke)、431屬、637種(zhong),屬濕地植(zhi)物有(you)64科(ke)、159屬、206種(zhong)。其中重點保(bao)護植(zhi)物有(you)8種(zhong),分別是:國(guo)家Ⅰ級重點保(bao)護植(zhi)物2種(zhong),銀杏、水(shui)杉,國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)護植(zhi)物6種(zhong),樟樹、蓮(lian)、野大豆、大葉櫸、喜(xi)樹、中華結縷草。
有(you)野生(sheng)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)26目(mu)67科(ke)(ke)171種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)魚(yu)類有(you)4目(mu)9科(ke)(ke)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)1目(mu)4科(ke)(ke)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)油3目(mu)7科(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類有(you)14目(mu)37科(ke)(ke)88種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺乳類動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)4目(mu)10科(ke)(ke)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)國家Ⅱ級重點保護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別是:虎紋蛙、黑耳鳶、赤腹(fu)鷹、雀鷹、燕隼(sun)、阿(a)穆爾隼(sun)、紅隼(sun)、紅腹(fu)錦雞、東方角鸮(xiao)、斑頭(tou)鵂鶹。
公園內自然生態環境(jing)優美,濕(shi)地資源(yuan)豐富,由(you)河流、洪泛平原濕(shi)地、庫塘組成了復合濕(shi)地生態系統。
沿河(he)山(shan)(shan)水風光與田園(yuan)風光交輝相應(ying),丹霞(xia)山(shan)(shan)水、溶(rong)洞峽谷、古村驛站等景觀資源豐富多彩。主(zhu)要(yao)景點有煙(yan)雨思(si)蒙、溆水屈儃、桃(tao)源洞天(tian)、五(wu)佛(fo)山(shan)(shan)、三閭灘、犁(li)頭咀古驛站等。