湖南綏寧花園閣國家濕地公園地處"三湘林業第一縣"的綏寧,有"神奇生態綠洲"之稱,屬湖南省重點生態功能區。濕地公園主(zhu)要以流經(jing)綏(sui)寧縣(xian)關(guan)峽苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)鄉至(zhi)長鋪苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)鄉溶巖苗(miao)寨(zhai)的巫水為主(zhu)體,包括(kuo)石脈河、蘭(lan)溪等(deng)支流河段和沿(yan)岸部分林地。地理坐標為:東經(jing)110°12′1″~110°17′15″,北緯26°29′51″~26°35′31″。規劃總面積780.1公頃。
濕(shi)地(di)公園集永久性(xing)(xing)河流、庫(ku)塘濕(shi)地(di)、洪泛(fan)平原(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)、水(shui)(shui)產養殖場等多(duo)個濕(shi)地(di)型,形態自然(ran)婉轉,是沅江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)上重要的(de)(de)(de)生態廊(lang)道,是我(wo)國(guo)候鳥遷(qian)徙路線中的(de)(de)(de)重要節點(dian),其表現(xian)出來的(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)水(shui)(shui)生態過程(cheng)、優良的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)、豐富的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)量和多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)生境以(yi)及沿(yan)岸完善的(de)(de)(de)森林生態系(xi)(xi)統在我(wo)國(guo)南方低山丘陵地(di)區亦不多(duo)見。同(tong)時受地(di)質(zhi)構造(zao)與巖性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),溝谷深切、變化多(duo)姿,形成(cheng)高峽-平湖(hu)-河谷為一體的(de)(de)(de)獨特的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)景觀,營造(zao)并組(zu)合(he)而成(cheng)具有(you)不同(tong)景觀風貌(mao)及豐富多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)復合(he)生態系(xi)(xi)統。
濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)為513.8公(gong)頃,占土地(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)65.87%,廣闊的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)和(he)復合的(de)生(sheng)態系統,孕育(yu)了(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)豐富(fu)的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性;有(you)(you)維(wei)管束(shu)野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)158科,324屬,804種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)18.61%,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);被子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)762種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)二級重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)野大(da)豆Glycinesoja、金蕎麥Fagopyrumdibotrys、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華結縷草(cao)Zoysiasinica等(deng)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);同時還有(you)(you)絞(jiao)股(gu)藍Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb、七葉一枝(zhi)花Paris polyphylla Sm、虎耳草(cao)Saxifraga stolonifera Curt等(deng)稀(xi)有(you)(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。有(you)(you)脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5綱26目67科196種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)22.82%;其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)25.27%;兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)17.74%;爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)25.84%;鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)103種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)23.57%;哺乳類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哺乳類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)14.61%;有(you)(you)列為國(guo)家(jia)二級重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)虎紋蛙Rana tigrina、紅隼Falco tinnunculus 、草(cao)鸮Tyto capensis 等(deng)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被IUCN評級收(shou)錄的(de)共20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日候(hou)鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)澳候(hou)鳥(niao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)世界貿易(yi)公(gong)約收(shou)錄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)林業(ye)局相關(guan)文(wen)件規定的(de)有(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)或者有(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要經(jing)濟、科學研究價值(zhi)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)117種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。彰顯了(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)豐富(fu)性、多(duo)樣性和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)珍(zhen)稀(xi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)價值(zhi),在(zai)湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)內具有(you)(you)的(de)典(dian)型性與代表性。
巫水作為(wei)綏寧縣的(de)母親(qin)河、是苗家圣(sheng)河,民族文(wen)(wen)(wen)化風情濃郁,形成了以(yi)庫塘濕(shi)地、自然(ran)河流濕(shi)地景(jing)觀為(wei)主體(ti),森(sen)林景(jing)觀為(wei)補充(chong),聚(ju)落和古建筑(zhu)為(wei)點綴(zhui),以(yi)非物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺產"四八"姑娘節(jie)、"逗春牛(niu)"等民俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化為(wei)特色(se)的(de)景(jing)觀風貌,彰顯了巫水作為(wei)苗家圣(sheng)河的(de)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)元素和民族符號,體(ti)現了濕(shi)地公園深厚的(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化價(jia)值(zhi),賦(fu)予了濕(shi)地公園深厚的(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化底蘊,拓展了濕(shi)地生(sheng)態旅游(you)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化內涵。
濕地公園(yuan)秉承"保(bao)(bao)護優先、科學(xue)恢復、合理利(li)用(yong)、持續發(fa)展(zhan)"的(de)指導思想,被區(qu)(qu)劃為保(bao)(bao)護保(bao)(bao)育區(qu)(qu)、恢復重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)、宣教展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)、合理利(li)用(yong)區(qu)(qu)和管理服務區(qu)(qu)5個功能區(qu)(qu)。
保護(hu)保育區包括(kuo)溶巖苗(miao)寨至(zhi)(zhi)小灣、李家團(tuan)經(jing)江口(kou)塘(tang)電站(zhan)大(da)壩至(zhi)(zhi)梅口(kou),以及石脈河、蘭溪和沿岸的(de)部分(fen)林(lin)地(di)。規(gui)劃(hua)面積(ji)為517.5公(gong)頃,占(zhan)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總面積(ji)的(de)66.34%。規(gui)劃(hua)對(dui)現有(you)水體、動植物及其生境(jing)進行嚴格保護(hu)的(de)基(ji)礎上,加強外(wai)源污(wu)染防治,控(kong)制內源污(wu)染,開展適度的(de)水禽棲息地(di)恢(hui)復(fu)和營建(jian)項目,建(jian)立結(jie)構完善、功能完備的(de)濕(shi)地(di)-森林(lin)復(fu)合生態系統,營造良好的(de)水禽棲息地(di),打造水禽自然樂園(yuan)。
恢(hui)復重(zhong)建區(qu)指田(tian)心(xin)苗寨(zhai)區(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巫水(shui)(shui)(shui)河段,規(gui)劃(hua)面積73.3公頃。為維護(hu)區(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定,保(bao)證人與自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)和諧發(fa)展(zhan),規(gui)劃(hua)通過(guo)濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態濾場的(de)(de)(de)(de)建設,解(jie)決沿岸(an)村寨(zhai)、農(nong)(nong)耕(geng)生(sheng)(sheng)產等造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)局部(bu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質富(fu)營養化(hua)問題(ti);并在水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)與農(nong)(nong)田(tian)之間合理營造(zao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)禽棲息(xi)(xi)地(di)(di),形成水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)-水(shui)(shui)(shui)禽棲息(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)-農(nong)(nong)田(tian)-苗寨(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構布(bu)局,打造(zao)優美的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)岸(an)植被景(jing)觀、擴大野生(sheng)(sheng)動物棲息(xi)(xi)環境,豐(feng)富(fu)濕地(di)(di)公園生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性(xing),并保(bao)證區(qu)域(yu)居(ju)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活,維護(hu)區(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定。
宣(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)展示區指以現有水(shui)(shui)岸公(gong)路為軸線的(de)(de)(de)區域,規劃(hua)(hua)面積16.8公(gong)頃。規劃(hua)(hua)依托濕(shi)地公(gong)園沿(yan)岸道(dao)路系統(tong)進行濕(shi)地文(wen)化載體的(de)(de)(de)建設(she),形(xing)成(cheng)良好的(de)(de)(de)河流-森林-文(wen)化復合系統(tong),讓文(wen)化在(zai)傳承中促進河流的(de)(de)(de)保護。主要(yao)通(tong)過合理布設(she)宣(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)館、宣(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)點、宣(xuan)傳牌,將濕(shi)地文(wen)化、民俗(su)文(wen)化、人文(wen)山水(shui)(shui)景(jing)觀、濕(shi)地生態產業、濕(shi)地生態服務功能等內(nei)容(rong),通(tong)過室內(nei)、室外等多(duo)樣(yang)化的(de)(de)(de)場(chang)景(jing)和(he)設(she)施營(ying)造濕(shi)地宣(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)展示的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間(jian),調節游客情(qing)感,使其成(cheng)為大眾(zhong)了(le)解(jie)綏(sui)寧、認識濕(shi)地、欣賞濕(shi)地公(gong)園人文(wen)山水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)窗口、濕(shi)地文(wen)化展示的(de)(de)(de)平臺和(he)生態文(wen)明教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)地。
合(he)理(li)利(li)用區指梅口(kou)至(zhi)石脈河(he)區域,規劃面積170.2公(gong)頃。規劃合(he)理(li)利(li)用區域內現(xian)有的濕(shi)地產(chan)(chan)業、民俗(su)文化(hua)等(deng)資源,通過開展生態養殖、設置游憩休閑(xian)、水(shui)上娛樂等(deng)項目(mu),以(yi)及提(ti)升水(shui)岸植被景觀,建立比較完善的基(ji)礎(chu)設施體系,構建合(he)理(li)的濕(shi)地資源可持續(xu)利(li)用產(chan)(chan)業鏈,提(ti)高(gao)濕(shi)地公(gong)園的自(zi)養能力,并帶動周邊社(she)區相關產(chan)(chan)業的發展,使社(she)區群眾(zhong)受(shou)益并提(ti)高(gao)他們(men)的生活(huo)水(shui)平(ping)。
管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)區主要指濕地(di)公園管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局、濕地(di)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)站、游(you)(you)客(ke)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)中(zhong)心等。根據保護(hu)和(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)需要,合(he)理(li)(li)(li)布局,建立完(wan)善的(de)保護(hu)、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)及游(you)(you)客(ke)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)體(ti)系,為(wei)游(you)(you)客(ke)提(ti)供優質高效的(de)服(fu)務(wu)(wu),實現(xian)良好的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、保護(hu)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)功能。
通過"一(yi)軸"、"兩帶"、"一(yi)廊"、"兩區(qu)"、"多點"的(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)(ti)規劃布局建設,濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)將被打造成(cheng)為(wei)"高峽-平湖-河谷"為(wei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)濕地(di)(di)生態系(xi)(xi)統(tong)保護、恢復與合理利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)范;沅江(jiang)流域重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色生態廊道;苗家文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)保護、復興和傳承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化河流;"神奇生態綠(lv)洲(zhou)"上濕地(di)(di)生態系(xi)(xi)統(tong)健康、景(jing)觀資源豐富、自然環境優美(mei)、科普宣教設施完善、休閑(xian)娛樂(le)條件優越、文(wen)化底蘊深厚的(de)(de)(de)國家濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)。