湖南平江(jiang)黃金河國家(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園依(yi)托平江(jiang)縣(xian)黃金洞鄉(xiang)境內的(de)黃金河、黃金洞水庫及(ji)周邊部分(fen)森林而建設。濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園距平江(jiang)縣(xian)城72公(gong)(gong)里,位于汨羅江(jiang)源頭(tou),規劃總面積637.7公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),地理坐標(biao)為北緯28°40′44″~28°36′19″,東經113°59′22″~114°05′20″。
這里資(zi)源豐富,風光旖旎,讓人心馳神往(wang)。擬建(jian)的黃(huang)金(jin)河(he)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)428.9公(gong)頃,占規(gui)劃(hua)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的67.25%。包括河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)、人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)3大(da)濕(shi)地(di)(di)類的永(yong)久(jiu)性河(he)流(liu)、森林沼澤、草本沼澤、庫塘、水(shui)(shui)產養殖場和稻田6種(zhong)濕(shi)地(di)(di)型(xing)。黃(huang)金(jin)河(he)濕(shi)地(di)(di)是汨(mi)羅江(jiang)源頭三大(da)支流(liu)之一的黃(huang)金(jin)河(he)修筑攔(lan)水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)形成的復合型(xing)濕(shi)地(di)(di),它是30多萬畝茂密(mi)森林擁抱,崇山峻(jun)嶺間的生(sheng)態明珠。在數十萬畝森林中有各種(zhong)類型(xing)的針葉(xie)(xie)林、闊葉(xie)(xie)林、針闊混交林、灌木林,還零星分(fen)布著數千畝次(ci)生(sheng)林。由于攔(lan)水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)的作用使濕(shi)地(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)擴大(da),孕育出眾多類型(xing)的濕(shi)地(di)(di)植被,為(wei)各種(zhong)珍稀魚(yu)類、兩棲類、爬(pa)行類和鳥(niao)類動物繁衍生(sheng)息提(ti)供了極佳(jia)的場所。呈現出溝壑縱橫、水(shui)(shui)岸蜿蜒,山清(qing)水(shui)(shui)秀(xiu),碧水(shui)(shui)藍天(tian),山水(shui)(shui)相映,水(shui)(shui)鳥(niao)穿梭,生(sheng)機勃勃的濕(shi)地(di)(di)景觀。
這里是(shi)森林(lin)與濕(shi)地(di)復合(he)生態系統(tong)的(de)典型(xing)代表,生物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性極為豐(feng)富。地(di)處羅(luo)霄(xiao)山腹地(di)的(de)黃金河濕(shi)地(di),氣(qi)候溫暖,雨水(shui)充沛,森林(lin)廣茂,孕育了(le)極為豐(feng)富的(de)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源。調查(cha)發現公園(yuan)內有(you)(you)(you)維管(guan)束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)243種(zhong),隸屬(shu)于(yu)95科(ke),其(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ、Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)水(shui)杉、香樟、厚樸和金蕎麥4種(zhong),典型(xing)的(de)水(shui)生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)。在水(shui)庫邊仍保(bao)(bao)(bao)留著幾株(zhu)千年古樹(shu),森林(lin)沼澤更是(shi)珍稀的(de)濕(shi)地(di)類型(xing)。調查(cha)中(zhong)發現脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)189種(zhong),隸屬(shu)于(yu)5綱27目71科(ke)。其(qi)中(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)虎紋(wen)蛙、赤腹鷹、雀鷹、松雀鷹、燕(yan)隼、紅隼、領(ling)角鸮、領(ling)鵂(xiu)鶹(liu)、斑頭鵂(xiu)鶹(liu)等9種(zhong);《瀕危(wei)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易公約》的(de)鳥(niao)類11種(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)林(lin)業(ye)局規定(ding)的(de)"三有(you)(you)(you)"保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)110種(zhong);湖(hu)南(nan)省保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)90種(zhong);中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)達(da)35種(zhong)。
這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)歷(li)史(shi)文化(hua)內(nei)涵深(shen)厚,彰(zhang)顯(xian)了(le)(le)璀璨的(de)(de)人文魅力。汨羅(luo)江是平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)江縣的(de)(de)母(mu)親河,她承載了(le)(le)屈原、杜甫兩位世界歷(li)史(shi)文化(hua)明人的(de)(de)歸宿地;在平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)江這(zhe)塊紅(hong)色熱土(tu)上,曾發生過"平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)江起(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)"、"平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)江慘案(an)"、"三月(yue)撲城"等重大歷(li)史(shi)革(ge)命事件,走出了(le)(le)63位共(gong)和國(guo)將(jiang)軍。黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)洞(dong)水庫原為黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)洞(dong)鄉府所在地,曾經(jing)爆發了(le)(le)黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)礦(kuang)礦(kuang)警起(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi),策(ce)應了(le)(le)由毛澤東(dong)領導的(de)(de)湘(xiang)(xiang)贛(gan)邊界秋(qiu)收起(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi);"平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)江起(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)"后(hou)這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)為了(le)(le)湘(xiang)(xiang)鄂贛(gan)蘇區的(de)(de)后(hou)方陣(zhen)地,湘(xiang)(xiang)鄂贛(gan)蘇維埃(ai)政府的(de)(de)工農銀行、兵(bing)工廠(chang)、被服廠(chang)、醫院、制藥廠(chang)、硝(xiao)鹽廠(chang)等轉移或成(cheng)立在這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li);"平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)江慘案(an)"中,新四軍司令(ling)部(bu)秘書曾金(jin)(jin)聲等6人被活埋在這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)英烈(lie)嶺,3萬多(duo)愛國(guo)志(zhi)士在多(duo)次反(fan)圍剿中,用鮮(xian)血將(jiang)這(zhe)里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)山水染紅(hong)。
這(zhe)里(li)生(sheng)(sheng)態區位重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao),是(shi)一(yi)片需要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)土地(di)。黃金河濕(shi)(shi)地(di)是(shi)汨羅(luo)江(jiang)源頭(tou)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)濕(shi)(shi)地(di),在涵(han)養(yang)水源、減緩徑流、儲(chu)水發電、蓄洪(hong)防旱、調節氣(qi)候,保(bao)(bao)護飲(yin)用水源和生(sheng)(sheng)物多(duo)樣性等(deng)方面發揮(hui)著極其重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)作用,黃金河濕(shi)(shi)地(di)是(shi)汨羅(luo)江(jiang)和平(ping)江(jiang)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)組(zu)成(cheng),是(shi)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)汨羅(luo)江(jiang)和平(ping)江(jiang)縣(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)態安全的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)屏障(zhang)。然而(er),由于缺乏有(you)效保(bao)(bao)護措(cuo)施,砍伐林木、捕殺候鳥現象也時有(you)發生(sheng)(sheng)。
湖南平江(jiang)黃金河(he)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園堅持 "保護(hu)(hu)優(you)先(xian)、科學恢(hui)(hui)復、合理(li)(li)(li)利(li)用、持續發展(zhan)"的(de)基本(ben)原(yuan)則,以保護(hu)(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水禽棲息地(di)(di),豐富濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)物多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing),提高生(sheng)態系統服(fu)務(wu)功能(neng),改善平江(jiang)縣生(sheng)態質量為主要目的(de),將黃金河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園區(qu)劃為保護(hu)(hu)保育區(qu)、恢(hui)(hui)復重建區(qu)、管理(li)(li)(li)服(fu)務(wu)區(qu)、宣(xuan)教(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)、合理(li)(li)(li)利(li)用區(qu)五(wu)個(ge)功能(neng)區(qu),分別占規劃總面積的(de)88.31%、1.55%、0.60%、1.18%和8.36%。通(tong)過實施生(sheng)態保護(hu)(hu),資源(yuan)合理(li)(li)(li)利(li)用等九大(da)工程。將黃金河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園建設成(cheng)以濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系統,生(sheng)物多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)保護(hu)(hu)為核心,以秀美的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan),豐富的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua)和璀璨的(de)紅色文(wen)化(hua)為內涵,集生(sheng)態觀(guan)光、文(wen)化(hua)體驗、心靈凈化(hua)、科研宣(xuan)教(jiao)于(yu)一體的(de)國家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園。
平江縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)政府(fu)高(gao)度重(zhong)視黃金(jin)河(he)國家濕地公園建設,將其列為全縣(xian)(xian)重(zhong)點工程(cheng)之一。目前(qian),已(yi)成立了(le)建設領(ling)導(dao)小組和建設指揮(hui)部,全縣(xian)(xian)人民對公園建設翹首(shou)以(yi)盼。我(wo)們有理由相信,在國家林業局(ju)及地方政府(fu)的(de)支持下,我(wo)們有能(neng)力,也一定能(neng)夠保(bao)護好這(zhe)份大(da)自然(ran)留給我(wo)們的(de)寶(bao)貴財富,使其更(geng)加生機盎(ang)然(ran),瑰麗動人。