湖南平(ping)江(jiang)黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)河國家濕地公園依托平(ping)江(jiang)縣(xian)黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)洞(dong)鄉境內的黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)河、黃(huang)金(jin)(jin)洞(dong)水庫(ku)及周邊部分森林而建(jian)設。濕地公園距(ju)平(ping)江(jiang)縣(xian)城(cheng)72公里,位(wei)于汨羅(luo)江(jiang)源頭,規劃總(zong)面積637.7公頃(qing),地理坐標為北緯28°40′44″~28°36′19″,東經113°59′22″~114°05′20″。
這里資源豐(feng)富,風光旖旎,讓人(ren)心馳神往。擬建的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃金河(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)428.9公頃,占(zhan)規劃(hua)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)67.25%。包(bao)括河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、人(ren)工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)3大濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)永(yong)久性(xing)河(he)(he)流、森林(lin)沼澤、草本沼澤、庫(ku)塘、水(shui)產養殖場和稻田6種濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型(xing)。黃金河(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)是汨羅江(jiang)源頭三大支流之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃金河(he)(he)修筑(zhu)攔水(shui)壩形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)復合型(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di),它是30多(duo)(duo)萬畝(mu)茂密森林(lin)擁(yong)抱(bao),崇山峻嶺(ling)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態明(ming)珠。在數十萬畝(mu)森林(lin)中有各(ge)種類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)針葉林(lin)、闊葉林(lin)、針闊混交林(lin)、灌(guan)木林(lin),還(huan)零星分(fen)布(bu)著數千畝(mu)次生(sheng)林(lin)。由于攔水(shui)壩的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用使濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)面(mian)擴大,孕育出眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植被(bei),為(wei)各(ge)種珍稀魚(yu)類(lei)、兩棲(qi)類(lei)、爬(pa)行類(lei)和鳥類(lei)動物繁衍生(sheng)息提(ti)供了極佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所。呈現出溝壑縱橫、水(shui)岸蜿蜒,山清水(shui)秀,碧水(shui)藍天,山水(shui)相映,水(shui)鳥穿梭,生(sheng)機勃勃的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景觀。
這里(li)是森(sen)林(lin)與濕地復合生(sheng)態系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)典型代表,生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性極為豐(feng)富。地處(chu)羅霄(xiao)山腹(fu)地的(de)(de)(de)黃金河(he)濕地,氣候溫暖(nuan),雨水充沛,森(sen)林(lin)廣茂(mao),孕(yun)育(yu)了極為豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源。調查發(fa)現公園內有維管束(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)243種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)于95科,其中國(guo)家Ⅰ、Ⅱ級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有水杉、香樟、厚樸和金蕎麥(mai)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),典型的(de)(de)(de)水生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在水庫(ku)邊仍保留著幾(ji)株(zhu)千(qian)年古樹,森(sen)林(lin)沼澤更是珍稀的(de)(de)(de)濕地類型。調查中發(fa)現脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)189種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)于5綱27目71科。其中,國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有虎紋蛙、赤腹(fu)鷹、雀(que)鷹、松雀(que)鷹、燕隼(sun)、紅隼(sun)、領角鸮、領鵂鶹、斑頭鵂鶹等9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);《瀕危(wei)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易(yi)公約(yue)》的(de)(de)(de)鳥類11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家林(lin)業(ye)局規定的(de)(de)(de)"三(san)有"保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);湖南省保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)90種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);中國(guo)特有物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)(li)歷(li)史文(wen)化(hua)(hua)內(nei)涵深厚(hou),彰顯(xian)了(le)璀璨的(de)(de)人文(wen)魅(mei)力。汨羅江(jiang)(jiang)是平(ping)(ping)江(jiang)(jiang)縣的(de)(de)母親河,她承載(zai)了(le)屈原、杜甫兩位世界歷(li)史文(wen)化(hua)(hua)明人的(de)(de)歸宿(su)地;在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)江(jiang)(jiang)這(zhe)(zhe)塊紅色熱土(tu)上,曾發生(sheng)過"平(ping)(ping)江(jiang)(jiang)起(qi)義"、"平(ping)(ping)江(jiang)(jiang)慘(can)案(an)"、"三月(yue)撲(pu)城"等重大(da)歷(li)史革命事件,走出了(le)63位共和(he)國將軍(jun)。黃金(jin)(jin)洞水(shui)庫原為(wei)(wei)黃金(jin)(jin)洞鄉(xiang)府所在(zai)(zai)地,曾經爆發了(le)黃金(jin)(jin)礦(kuang)礦(kuang)警(jing)起(qi)義,策應了(le)由毛澤(ze)東(dong)領(ling)導的(de)(de)湘贛邊界秋收(shou)起(qi)義;"平(ping)(ping)江(jiang)(jiang)起(qi)義"后這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)(li)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)了(le)湘鄂贛蘇(su)區的(de)(de)后方陣地,湘鄂贛蘇(su)維埃政府的(de)(de)工農銀(yin)行、兵工廠(chang)(chang)、被(bei)服(fu)廠(chang)(chang)、醫院、制(zhi)藥廠(chang)(chang)、硝鹽廠(chang)(chang)等轉移或成(cheng)立在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)(li);"平(ping)(ping)江(jiang)(jiang)慘(can)案(an)"中,新四軍(jun)司令部秘書曾金(jin)(jin)聲等6人被(bei)活埋在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)英烈嶺,3萬多(duo)愛國志士在(zai)(zai)多(duo)次反圍剿中,用鮮血將這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)(de)山水(shui)染紅。
這里生(sheng)態(tai)區位(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao),是一片需要(yao)保護的土地。黃金河濕地是汨羅(luo)(luo)江源(yuan)(yuan)頭重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)濕地,在涵(han)養水(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)、減(jian)緩徑流(liu)、儲水(shui)發電(dian)、蓄洪防(fang)旱、調節(jie)氣候(hou),保護飲用水(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)和生(sheng)物多樣性等方(fang)面發揮著極其重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的作用,黃金河濕地是汨羅(luo)(luo)江和平(ping)江縣生(sheng)態(tai)系統的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成,是保障汨羅(luo)(luo)江和平(ping)江縣生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全的重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)屏障。然而(er),由于缺乏有效(xiao)保護措(cuo)施,砍(kan)伐(fa)林木、捕殺候(hou)鳥現象也時有發生(sheng)。
湖南平江黃金河國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公園堅持 "保護(hu)(hu)優先、科(ke)學(xue)恢(hui)復、合(he)理(li)利(li)(li)用、持續發展(zhan)"的(de)基(ji)本原(yuan)則,以(yi)(yi)保護(hu)(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)水禽棲息(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),豐富(fu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing),提(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統服(fu)務功(gong)能,改善平江縣生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)質量為主要目的(de),將黃金河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公園區(qu)劃(hua)為保護(hu)(hu)保育區(qu)、恢(hui)復重建(jian)區(qu)、管理(li)服(fu)務區(qu)、宣(xuan)教展(zhan)示區(qu)、合(he)理(li)利(li)(li)用區(qu)五個功(gong)能區(qu),分別占規劃(hua)總面積的(de)88.31%、1.55%、0.60%、1.18%和8.36%。通(tong)過(guo)實施生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保護(hu)(hu),資源合(he)理(li)利(li)(li)用等九大工(gong)程。將黃金河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公園建(jian)設成以(yi)(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統,生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)保護(hu)(hu)為核(he)心,以(yi)(yi)秀美的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景(jing)觀,豐富(fu)的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文化和璀璨的(de)紅色文化為內涵(han),集生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)觀光、文化體驗、心靈凈化、科(ke)研宣(xuan)教于一體的(de)國(guo)家級(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公園。
平(ping)江(jiang)縣委(wei)、縣政府(fu)高度重視黃(huang)金河國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)建設,將其列(lie)為全(quan)縣重點工程之一。目前,已(yi)成立(li)了(le)建設領導(dao)小組和建設指揮部(bu),全(quan)縣人民對公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)建設翹(qiao)首以盼。我(wo)(wo)們有理由相信,在國(guo)家(jia)(jia)林業局及(ji)地方政府(fu)的(de)支持下(xia),我(wo)(wo)們有能力(li),也一定能夠(gou)保護好這份(fen)大自然留給(gei)我(wo)(wo)們的(de)寶貴財富,使其更加生機盎(ang)然,瑰麗動人。