靖(jing)州苗族(zu)侗族(zu)自治(zhi)縣位于湖南(nan)省西(xi)南(nan)部(bu),千百年來,被苗族(zu)侗族(zu)人民公認為祖(zu)源之(zhi)地(di)。同時(shi)還是我(wo)國著名的楊梅(mei)之(zhi)鄉、茯(fu)苓之(zhi)鄉。并因其優(you)越(yue)的地(di)理位置,自清乾(qian)隆以來,便有“八(ba)邦匯靖(jing)”之(zhi)美譽。
在(zai)這(zhe)片(pian)富饒的土地上,有一條河(he)(he)面寬闊(kuo)、水質優良,島嶼、河(he)(he)灣形態(tai)優美的河(he)(he)流蜿(wan)蜒北去,宛如一條絲帶,飄落在(zai)這(zhe)片(pian)熱土。這(zhe)里就是擬(ni)建的湖南(nan)靖州五龍(long)潭國家濕地公園。
湖南靖州五龍潭國家濕地公園地處靖州縣中南部,主要包括渠水—五龍潭水域及周邊的水源涵養林,地理坐標為:東經109°38′31″~109°41′14″,北緯(wei)26°22′20″~26°32′34″。規劃總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1005.6公(gong)頃(qing):濕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)564.6公(gong)頃(qing),濕地(di)率為56.2%。(其(qi)中(zhong)保育區(qu)和(he)恢復重建(jian)區(qu)內濕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)共543.9 公(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)濕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的96.3%;合理利用區(qu)濕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji) 20.7公(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)濕地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)濕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的3.7%。)
濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)以我國湘西南(nan)(nan)山(shan)區水(shui)量較大的渠水(shui)永久性(xing)河流和水(shui)質優良的五龍(long)潭(tan)庫(ku)塘濕(shi)地(di)(di)組成的復合濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態系統為(wei)主體,濕(shi)地(di)(di)總面積為(wei)564.6 公(gong)頃,濕(shi)地(di)(di)率為(wei)56.2%,在湖南(nan)(nan)省和我國中(zhong)西部地(di)(di)區具有較強(qiang)的獨(du)特性(xing)和較高的科(ke)研與(yu)保護價值。
良好的(de)濕地(di)-森林(lin)(lin)復(fu)合(he)生態系(xi)統孕育了(le)豐富的(de)生物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性。濕地(di)公(gong)園內有野(ye)生維管束植物(wu)(wu)145科(ke),324屬,704種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。包括(kuo)楨楠、樟(zhang)樹、中華結縷草等6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)。有野(ye)生脊(ji)椎動物(wu)(wu)5綱26目71科(ke)179 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中魚(yu)類42 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)棲動物(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行動物(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺乳(ru)動物(wu)(wu)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。包括(kuo)黑耳(er)鳶、小鴉鵑、虎紋(wen)蛙等12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu);被列(lie)入IUCN瀕危物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄(lu)的(de)有21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有包括(kuo)斑(ban)鱧、鎮海林(lin)(lin)蛙、池鷺(lu)在內的(de)湖南(nan)省(sheng)重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)88 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕地(di)公(gong)園在保(bao)護(hu)(hu)生物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性方面具有重要作用。
濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園兩岸森林茂密,峰巒競秀,古樹青藤繁生于巖(yan)間。河水碧綠而清澈(che),在(zai)藍天白云之下,山立水旁,水映山影,景色(se)迷人。同時,濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園及其周邊具(ju)有濃厚的民俗(su)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、深厚的歷(li)史文(wen)化(hua)(hua)和(he)豐富的人文(wen)景觀資源,能(neng)夠在(zai)科普宣教方面發揮重要(yao)作用。
濕地公(gong)園秉承“保護優先、科學恢復、合理利用、持續發展(zhan)”的指(zhi)導思想,被區(qu)(qu)劃為保育區(qu)(qu)、恢復重建區(qu)(qu)、宣教展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)、合理利用區(qu)(qu)和管理服務區(qu)(qu)5個功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)。