靖州苗(miao)族侗族自治(zhi)縣(xian)位于(yu)湖南省西南部,千(qian)百年來,被苗(miao)族侗族人民公認為祖源之地。同時還是我國著(zhu)名的(de)楊梅之鄉(xiang)(xiang)、茯苓之鄉(xiang)(xiang)。并因其優(you)越的(de)地理位置,自清乾隆以來,便(bian)有“八(ba)邦(bang)匯(hui)靖”之美(mei)譽。
在(zai)(zai)這片富(fu)饒的(de)土地上,有一條(tiao)河(he)面寬闊(kuo)、水質(zhi)優良,島嶼、河(he)灣(wan)形態優美的(de)河(he)流蜿蜒北去,宛(wan)如(ru)一條(tiao)絲帶,飄(piao)落(luo)在(zai)(zai)這片熱土。這里就是擬建的(de)湖南靖州(zhou)五龍潭國家濕地公園。
湖南靖州五龍潭國家濕地公園地處靖州縣中南部,主要包括渠水—五龍潭水域及周邊的水源涵養林,地理坐標為:東經109°38′31″~109°41′14″,北緯26°22′20″~26°32′34″。規劃總面積1005.6公(gong)頃(qing)(qing):濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面積564.6公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)率為(wei)56.2%。(其中保育區和恢復重建(jian)區內濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面積共543.9 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面積的96.3%;合理利(li)用區濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面積 20.7公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面積的3.7%。)
濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園以我國(guo)湘西(xi)南山區水(shui)量較(jiao)大的渠水(shui)永久性(xing)河流和水(shui)質優良的五龍潭庫塘濕(shi)地(di)組成(cheng)的復合濕(shi)地(di)生態系統(tong)為(wei)主(zhu)體,濕(shi)地(di)總面積(ji)為(wei)564.6 公(gong)頃(qing),濕(shi)地(di)率為(wei)56.2%,在湖南省(sheng)和我國(guo)中(zhong)西(xi)部地(di)區具有(you)較(jiao)強的獨特性(xing)和較(jiao)高的科研與保護價值。
良好的(de)(de)濕地(di)-森(sen)林復合生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統孕育了豐富的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性。濕地(di)公(gong)園內有野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)維管束植物(wu)145科(ke),324屬,704種(zhong)(zhong)。包括楨楠、樟樹、中(zhong)華結(jie)縷(lv)草等6種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植物(wu)。有野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)5綱26目71科(ke)179 種(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)魚(yu)類(lei)42 種(zhong)(zhong),兩棲(qi)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong),爬行動(dong)(dong)物(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)93種(zhong)(zhong),哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)14種(zhong)(zhong)。包括黑耳鳶、小鴉鵑(juan)、虎紋蛙等12種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu);被列(lie)入IUCN瀕(bin)危物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)名錄的(de)(de)有21種(zhong)(zhong),有包括斑鱧、鎮海林蛙、池鷺在內的(de)(de)湖南(nan)省重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)88 種(zhong)(zhong)。濕地(di)公(gong)園在保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性方面具有重(zhong)要作(zuo)用。
濕地(di)公(gong)園兩岸森林茂(mao)密,峰巒競秀(xiu),古(gu)樹(shu)青藤繁生于(yu)巖間。河水碧(bi)綠而清澈(che),在藍(lan)天(tian)白(bai)云(yun)之下(xia),山立水旁(pang),水映山影,景色迷(mi)人(ren)。同時(shi),濕地(di)公(gong)園及其周邊具有濃厚的(de)民(min)俗文(wen)(wen)化、深(shen)厚的(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化和豐富的(de)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)景觀資源,能夠在科普宣教方(fang)面發(fa)揮重要作用(yong)。
濕地公(gong)園秉承“保(bao)護優(you)先、科學恢復、合(he)(he)理利用、持(chi)續發展(zhan)”的指導思(si)想,被區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃為保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢復重建(jian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)(he)理利用區(qu)(qu)(qu)和管理服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)5個功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)。