靖州苗族(zu)侗族(zu)自治縣位(wei)(wei)于湖南省西南部,千百年來,被苗族(zu)侗族(zu)人民公(gong)認(ren)為祖源之地。同時(shi)還是我(wo)國著名(ming)的楊梅之鄉(xiang)、茯苓(ling)之鄉(xiang)。并因其(qi)優越的地理位(wei)(wei)置,自清(qing)乾隆以來,便有“八邦匯靖”之美譽。
在(zai)這片富饒的土(tu)地上,有一條(tiao)河(he)面寬闊、水(shui)質(zhi)優(you)(you)良,島嶼(yu)、河(he)灣形態優(you)(you)美的河(he)流蜿(wan)蜒北去(qu),宛如一條(tiao)絲帶,飄落在(zai)這片熱土(tu)。這里(li)就是擬(ni)建的湖南(nan)靖州五(wu)龍潭國家濕地公園。
湖南靖州五龍潭國家濕地公園地處靖州縣中南部,主要包括渠水—五龍潭水域及周邊的水源涵養林,地理坐標為:東經109°38′31″~109°41′14″,北(bei)緯26°22′20″~26°32′34″。規(gui)劃總面(mian)積(ji)1005.6公(gong)頃(qing):濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地面(mian)積(ji)564.6公(gong)頃(qing),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地率(lv)為56.2%。(其中保育區和恢復重建區內濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地面(mian)積(ji)共543.9 公(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)96.3%;合理利用區濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地面(mian)積(ji) 20.7公(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)3.7%。)
濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園以我國湘西南山區水(shui)量較大的渠水(shui)永(yong)久性河流和水(shui)質(zhi)優良(liang)的五龍潭庫塘(tang)濕(shi)(shi)地組成的復合(he)濕(shi)(shi)地生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統為主體,濕(shi)(shi)地總面(mian)積為564.6 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),濕(shi)(shi)地率為56.2%,在湖南省(sheng)和我國中西部地區具有較強的獨特性和較高(gao)的科研與保護價值(zhi)。
良好(hao)的濕地(di)(di)-森林復合(he)生(sheng)態系統孕(yun)育(yu)了豐(feng)富的生(sheng)物多(duo)(duo)樣性。濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園內有(you)(you)(you)野(ye)生(sheng)維管束植物145科,324屬,704種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。包括(kuo)(kuo)楨楠、樟樹、中華結縷草等6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植物。有(you)(you)(you)野(ye)生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物5綱26目(mu)71科179 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中魚類42 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩棲動(dong)(dong)物11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行動(dong)(dong)物19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺乳動(dong)(dong)物14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。包括(kuo)(kuo)黑耳鳶(yuan)、小鴉(ya)鵑(juan)、虎紋(wen)蛙等12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物;被列入IUCN瀕危物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄的有(you)(you)(you)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)包括(kuo)(kuo)斑鱧、鎮(zhen)海林蛙、池鷺在內的湖(hu)南省重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)88 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園在保(bao)護(hu)生(sheng)物多(duo)(duo)樣性方面具有(you)(you)(you)重要作用。
濕(shi)地公園兩岸森林茂密,峰巒競秀,古樹青藤繁生于(yu)巖間(jian)。河(he)水碧(bi)綠而(er)清澈,在藍天白(bai)云(yun)之下,山立水旁,水映山影,景(jing)色(se)迷人(ren)。同時,濕(shi)地公園及(ji)其周邊具有濃厚的(de)民俗文(wen)(wen)化、深厚的(de)歷史文(wen)(wen)化和豐富的(de)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)景(jing)觀資源,能夠在科普宣教方(fang)面發揮重要作用。
濕(shi)地公(gong)園秉承“保護優先、科學(xue)恢復、合理利用(yong)、持續發展”的指導思想,被區(qu)(qu)劃為保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)、恢復重建區(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)展示區(qu)(qu)、合理利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)和管理服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)5個功能區(qu)(qu)。