花垣(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)苗河國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園位(wei)于(yu)云貴(gui)高原東部邊緣、武陵山脈中(zhong)段,享有“湘西門(men)戶”美(mei)譽(yu)的花垣(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)境內(nei),地(di)處洞庭湖(hu)流域(yu)四大河流之一的沅(yuan)水(shui)上游,對于(yu)保(bao)護沅(yuan)水(shui)流域(yu)及洞庭湖(hu)水(shui)質、恢(hui)復(fu)濕(shi)地(di)鳥(niao)類生物多(duo)樣性具有重要意義(yi)。 2014年12月31日,國家(jia)林(lin)業局正(zheng)式批準為(wei)古(gu)苗河濕(shi)地(di)公園為(wei)國家(jia)級濕(shi)地(di)公園試點。
公園(yuan)坐(zuo)落湖南(nan),北(bei)鄰(lin)鄂(e)西(xi),西(xi)接黔渝,209、319國道(dao)穿境(jing)而過(guo),包茂高(gao)速(su)、張(zhang)花高(gao)速(su)在(zai)此交匯(hui),處于重慶、長沙5小(xiao)時交通圈內,區位優勢明顯,交通十(shi)分便(bian)利(li)。
公(gong)園距(ju)張家界(jie)、銅仁機(ji)場皆一(yi)個半(ban)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)程(cheng)(cheng);距(ju)重慶武隆地質公(gong)園和湖北恩(en)施大峽谷(gu)均兩(liang)個小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)程(cheng)(cheng);距(ju)鳳凰古城(cheng)、里耶古城(cheng)1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)車(che)(che)程(cheng)(cheng);距(ju)世界(jie)第二、亞洲第一(yi)特大跨(kua)谷(gu)懸索橋(qiao)--矮寨大橋(qiao)和沈從文筆下的邊城(cheng)茶峒僅(jin)一(yi)刻鐘車(che)(che)程(cheng)(cheng);距(ju)在建的湘西機(ji)場不足5公(gong)里。
公(gong)園(yuan)范圍(wei)包(bao)括古苗河(he)(he)水庫(ku)(ku)、古苗河(he)(he)下游河(he)(he)道、河(he)(he)洲漫灘和(he)周(zhou)邊(bian)部(bu)分山地(di)(di)(di),總面(mian)積(ji)975.0公(gong)頃,涉(she)及(ji)花垣鎮、麻栗場(chang)鎮、石欄鎮、龍潭鎮、長(chang)樂鄉等5個鄉鎮29個行政(zheng)村。地(di)(di)(di)理坐標(biao)介于(yu)東(dong)(dong)徑109°24′3″~109°30′35″,北(bei)(bei)緯28°26′34″~28°35′45″之間,東(dong)(dong)西寬10.6千米(mi),南北(bei)(bei)長(chang)17.0千米(mi),呈南北(bei)(bei)向帶(dai)狀分布。公(gong)園(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源類(lei)型包(bao)括河(he)(he)流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)兩(liang)大濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei),永及(ji)性河(he)(he)流(liu)、洪(hong)泛平原濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、庫(ku)(ku)塘三大濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型,濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)600.7公(gong)頃,濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)率(lv)61.61%。
公園處于中(zhong)(zhong)亞熱帶和北亞熱帶季風濕潤性區(qu)氣候區(qu)的過渡(du)地帶,具有氣候溫和,降水(shui)充(chong)沛,雨熱同季,四季分明的特點。區(qu)內峰(feng)巒疊嶂,溝(gou)豁縱橫(heng),植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)繁茂,環(huan)境清幽,為動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物生(sheng)長提供了(le)豐富多(duo)樣的生(sheng)境。據調(diao)查,公園及其周邊區(qu)域(yu)共有3個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing)組,9個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing),72個(ge)群(qun)系,其中(zhong)(zhong)濕地植(zhi)(zhi)物有2個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing)組,4個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing),28個(ge)群(qun)系;共有維管植(zhi)(zhi)物190科726屬(shu)1424種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物12種(zhong)(zhong),蘭(lan)科植(zhi)(zhi)物11種(zhong)(zhong),包括花櫚(lv)木(mu)、傘花木(mu)和大葉櫸等。有野生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物5綱27目66科149種(zhong)(zhong),屬(shu)國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)重點保(bao)護動(dong)物有小天鵝、黑耳鳶(yuan)、松雀鷹、普通(tong)鵟、紅隼、灰鶴、斑頭鵂鹠、金貓等12種(zhong)(zhong);屬(shu)于湖南省地方重點保(bao)護野生(sheng)動(dong)物有65種(zhong)(zhong)。
公園(yuan)以(yi)(yi)碧(bi)波蕩漾(yang)、景色秀(xiu)美的古苗河水庫和水量充沛、峽谷(gu)幽深的古苗河為核心,以(yi)(yi)永久性河流、洪泛平原濕(shi)地(di)、庫塘與峽谷(gu)濕(shi)地(di)景觀組成的復合(he)濕(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態系統為特色,以(yi)(yi)雄(xiong)奇險俊的峽谷(gu)濕(shi)地(di)景觀和豐富多樣的水岸(an)景觀為載體,以(yi)(yi)蚩尤文(wen)化(hua)、巴(ba)代文(wen)化(hua)、邊城文(wen)化(hua)及濕(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態文(wen)化(hua)為內(nei)涵(han),以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)態觀光和游憩(qi)休閑為重(zhong)點(dian)。共區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣教展示區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)理(li)(li)利用區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和管理(li)(li)服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)等五個功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。
獲批準開展(zhan)國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公園試點以來,花(hua)垣縣把古苗(miao)河(he)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公園建設作(zuo)為加強濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)、構建生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)屏(ping)障、促進經濟社會協調發展(zhan)目標的(de)(de)(de)戰略(lve)舉措來抓,充(chong)分發揮資源優(you)勢和(he)區位優(you)勢,努力將(jiang)其打造成為武陵山片(pian)區生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)廊道保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)范和(he)湘(xiang)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區河(he)流-庫塘復(fu)合(he)型濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統的(de)(de)(de)示范;具(ju)有獨特、優(you)美的(de)(de)(de)峽谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀(guan)和(he)濃郁(yu)少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)人文(wen)風(feng)情高度(du)融合(he)的(de)(de)(de)"大(da)湘(xiang)西(xi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)化旅(lv)游圈"濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)化旅(lv)游目的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di);具(ju)備較高管理水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)科普宣教(jiao)基地(di)(di)(di)(di);最(zui)終形成濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)、科研監測、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)觀(guan)光、休閑娛樂等多種功能于一體的(de)(de)(de)河(he)流、庫塘、峽谷濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)與森林(lin)復(fu)合(he)型國(guo)家級濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公園。