懷集縣(xian)交通便(bian)利,以公(gong)路交通為主(zhu)。主(zhu)要道路有二廣(guang)(guang)高速(G55),省(sheng)道S262、S263、S265、S349等(deng),可方便(bian)到達周邊主(zhu)要城市廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)市、肇慶(qing)市、賀州(zhou)市、梧州(zhou)市。在(zai)建連接(jie)貴(gui)州(zhou)貴(gui)陽北(bei)站至廣(guang)(guang)東省(sheng)廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)市的貴(gui)廣(guang)(guang)鐵路客運專線,預(yu)計2014年通車,到時從懷集出發到廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)南(nan)站,僅(jin)需要35min。
濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)地(di)(di)處(chu)冷(leng)(leng)坑(keng)(keng)、梁(liang)村、馬(ma)寧三鎮交(jiao)界(jie),距縣城約(yue)16km,距三鎮城區分別(bie)為(wei)3.5km、2.5km、3.3km,交(jiao)通(tong)條件優越。公園(yuan)周邊(bian)主要有貴廣(guang)鐵路(lu)、二廣(guang)高速懷集支線、懷集縣Y062冷(leng)(leng)坑(keng)(keng)至(zhi)馬(ma)寧段、懷集縣X425線欄馬(ma)至(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)坑(keng)(keng)連接線等道路(lu),道路(lu)交(jiao)通(tong)較為(wei)便利。
廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)懷(huai)集(ji)燕(yan)都國家濕(shi)地公(gong)園位于廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)省肇慶市懷(huai)集(ji)縣西(xi)部(bu)(bu)的(de)冷坑鎮、馬寧鎮、梁村鎮三鎮交界地帶,主要包括石桂(gui)坡塘(tang)(tang)(tang)、三官塘(tang)(tang)(tang)、雞公(gong)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)、新塘(tang)(tang)(tang)水庫、連(lian)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)水庫等眾多(duo)庫塘(tang)(tang)(tang)及周邊(bian)(bian)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)水田、山(shan)體等,四(si)至邊(bian)(bian)界為:北起黃(huang)泥塘(tang)(tang)(tang)北岸,南至連(lian)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)水庫堤壩,西(xi)達大塘(tang)(tang)(tang)堤壩,東(dong)抵雞公(gong)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)東(dong)界,地理坐標介于北緯23°57′57″~24°1′36″、東(dong)經(jing)112°0′15″~112°2′44″之間,總(zong)面積520.54hm2,濕(shi)地率35.17%。
植物資源概況
廣東(dong)懷集燕都(dou)國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園位(wei)于(yu)粵(yue)西山地(di)(di)丘陵地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),根據中國(guo)植(zhi)被編輯委員會(hui)1980年對中國(guo)植(zhi)被的(de)區(qu)(qu)劃成果,其屬(shu)于(yu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)常綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)區(qu)(qu)域-東(dong)部(bu)(濕(shi)潤(run))常綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)域-南(nan)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)季風常綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)地(di)(di)帶(dai)。南(nan)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)季風常綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)植(zhi)物種類豐富(fu),上層(ceng)喬木(mu)(mu)以亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)喜暖樹種為主(zhu),主(zhu)要是殼斗(dou)科(ke)的(de)栲屬(shu)、樟科(ke)的(de)潤(run)楠屬(shu);中下層(ceng)具較多(duo)熱(re)帶(dai)樹種,如(ru)桑科(ke)榕屬(shu)、大戟科(ke)、桃金娘科(ke)、棕櫚科(ke)等(deng)。由于(yu)本區(qu)(qu)是中國(guo)發展較早(zao)的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之一(yi),長(chang)期(qi)受(shou)人類活(huo)動等(deng)的(de)影響,在(zai)平原(yuan)、低丘和盆地(di)(di)都(dou)已(yi)被農業植(zhi)被、灌叢(cong)和草叢(cong),以及(ji)杉木(mu)(mu)、馬尾松(song)、油(you)茶(cha)和竹林(lin)等(deng)經濟林(lin)和茶(cha)園所代替。
廣(guang)東(dong)懷集燕都國家(jia)濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于粵西山(shan)地(di)(di)丘陵(ling)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),屬于亞熱(re)帶常(chang)綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)-東(dong)部(濕潤)常(chang)綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)亞區(qu)(qu)域(yu)-南亞熱(re)帶季風常(chang)綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)帶,主(zhu)要的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)類型(xing)有針葉林(lin)、闊(kuo)葉林(lin)、灌叢和灌草叢、水生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)等(deng)。濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)內植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類豐富,有野生(sheng)維管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)108科(ke)367屬494種(zhong),分(fen)為蕨(jue)類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)、裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)、被(bei)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)區(qu)(qu)系上有世(shi)界廣(guang)布(bu)(bu)類型(xing),如禾本科(ke)、莎草科(ke)等(deng);熱(re)帶分(fen)布(bu)(bu)類型(xing),如梧桐(tong)科(ke)、莧科(ke)等(deng);熱(re)帶、亞熱(re)帶分(fen)布(bu)(bu)類型(xing),如金縷梅科(ke)、防己科(ke)等(deng);熱(re)帶至溫帶分(fen)布(bu)(bu)類型(xing),如蕓香科(ke)、葡萄(tao)科(ke)等(deng);溫帶分(fen)布(bu)(bu)類型(xing)較少,如殼斗科(ke)等(deng)。
國家保護植物
區域(yu)內野(ye)生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源豐富,有(you)野(ye)生維(wei)管(guan)束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)108科(ke)(ke)367屬(shu)(shu)494種(zhong)(zhong),依據進化程度,野(ye)生維(wei)管(guan)束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可分為蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)、裸子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)、被子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)。其中蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)有(you)17科(ke)(ke)24屬(shu)(shu)25種(zhong)(zhong);裸子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)2科(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)5種(zhong)(zhong);被子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)89科(ke)(ke)340屬(shu)(shu)464種(zhong)(zhong),其中雙子葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)綱71科(ke)(ke)271屬(shu)(shu)362種(zhong)(zhong),單(dan)子葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)綱18科(ke)(ke)69屬(shu)(shu)102種(zhong)(zhong)。據調(diao)查及相關資料統(tong)計,濕地公園內國家Ⅱ級重點保護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong),包括降(jiang)香黃檀(Dalbergia odorifera)、樟(Cinnamomum camphora)。
濕地植物
廣東懷集燕(yan)都國家濕地(di)公園范圍內,常(chang)見的濕地(di)植物有:
①沉水植(zhi)物(wu):金魚藻(zao)(zao)、輪葉狐尾藻(zao)(zao)、菹草、黑(hei)藻(zao)(zao)、苦(ku)草、小茨藻(zao)(zao)等;
②浮(fu)水(shui)植物:槐葉(xie)萍(ping)、四葉(xie)萍(ping)、滿江(jiang)紅(hong)、菱、水(shui)鱉等;
③浮(fu)葉(xie)植物:蓮、芡實、四蕊狐尾藻、眼子菜(cai)等;
④挺水植(zhi)物:蒲草、蘆(lu)葦、菖蒲、燈心草、雨久花、慈姑、澤瀉、花藺、荸薺等;
⑤濕生植物:紅蓼、酸模、三輪草、蓮子草、藨草、繁(fan)縷、蛇床、車前、鵝觀草、芋、鴨(ya)跖(zhi)草、酢(zuo)漿草、打碗花、半枝蓮等(deng)。
廣東(dong)懷集燕(yan)都(dou)國(guo)家濕地(di)(di)公園是野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)重要(yao)的(de)棲(qi)息地(di)(di),據調查及相關資料統計(ji),濕地(di)(di)公園內共有野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)29目(mu)(mu)84科262種(zhong)(zhong),其中魚(yu)綱(gang)(gang)6目(mu)(mu)16科52種(zhong)(zhong),兩棲(qi)綱(gang)(gang)1目(mu)(mu)5科24種(zhong)(zhong),爬行綱(gang)(gang)3目(mu)(mu)9科34種(zhong)(zhong),鳥綱(gang)(gang)16目(mu)(mu)44科133種(zhong)(zhong),哺乳綱(gang)(gang)7目(mu)(mu)13科19種(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家Ⅰ級保護動(dong)物(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong),即蟒(Python molurus)。