柏(bo)(bo)林湖濕(shi)地總面積290公(gong)頃，水域面積140公(gong)頃，積水面積320平方公(gong)里(li)，河道(dao)總長(chang)60公(gong)里(li)。濕(shi)地內(nei)山(shan)青水秀、環(huan)境清(qing)幽、風景迷(mi)人，被全國(guo)著名鄉土民俗建(jian)筑專家(jia)季富政稱為山(shan)溝里(li)的(de)“小九(jiu)寨”，已經成功申報為國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)。據了解，柏(bo)(bo)林湖國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)所(suo)在的(de)柏(bo)(bo)林古(gu)鎮(zhen)，于東(dong)漢末年（公(gong)園(yuan)128年）建(jian)葭萌分縣，已有1800多(duo)年歷史(shi)(shi)。境內(nei)歷史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)積淀厚重，文(wen)(wen)物、古(gu)跡眾多(duo)，自然風光清(qing)新秀美，秦(qin)漢古(gu)街被譽(yu)為川北民居“標(biao)本”，目(mu)前正在申報省級(ji)歷史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)名鎮(zhen)。
擬建的國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園位于廣元市(shi)昭化區(qu)境(jing)內(nei)，主(zhu)要包括柏(bo)(bo)林(lin)湖(hu)及周邊濕(shi)地(di)區(qu)域。濕(shi)地(di)公園范圍(wei)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)起(qi)于石板河(he)向(xiang)(xiang)西南，沿(yan)(yan)溝至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寺坪向(xiang)(xiang)南，沿(yan)(yan)馮家(jia)河(he)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)張家(jia)河(he)向(xiang)(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)音巖，向(xiang)(xiang)南沿(yan)(yan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三房里(li)，向(xiang)(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)沿(yan)(yan)柏(bo)(bo)林(lin)湖(hu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王家(jia)灣，向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)南至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江家(jia)灣，向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)南沿(yan)(yan)柏(bo)(bo)林(lin)湖(hu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馬蹄灘大壩(ba)，向(xiang)(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何家(jia)嘴，向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)沿(yan)(yan)馮家(jia)河(he)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石板河(he)。規劃面積1597.5hm2。
公(gong)園內濕地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)要(yao)由人工(gong)濕地(di)(di)(di)的蓄水(shui)(shui)區濕地(di)(di)(di)132.09公(gong)頃、水(shui)(shui)塘(tang)濕地(di)(di)(di)1.31公(gong)頃、灌(guan)溉地(di)(di)(di)濕地(di)(di)(di)5.16公(gong)頃、自(zi)然濕地(di)(di)(di)的永久(jiu)性河流(liu)濕地(di)(di)(di)8.12公(gong)頃和泛濫地(di)(di)(di)濕地(di)(di)(di)88.67公(gong)頃構成，占(zhan)公(gong)園總(zong)面積的14.73%，濕地(di)(di)(di)種類較豐富。
公園(yuan)內森(sen)林均(jun)為濕(shi)地匯水區，山谷溪流終年不斷(duan)流，保障(zhang)了(le)濕(shi)地充分(fen)的(de)(de)水量供給，濕(shi)地生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)隨水位的(de)(de)季(ji)節性(xing)變化(hua)而變化(hua)，與周(zhou)邊的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)之間的(de)(de)物質與能量交換頻繁(fan)，整個生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)已(yi)達到生(sheng)(sheng)態的(de)(de)平衡。 公園(yuan)內濕(shi)地生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性(xing)資(zi)源十分(fen)豐富，柏(bo)林湖濕(shi)地周(zhou)圍分(fen)布著近20余種樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)，主要有馬尾松、柏(bo)木(mu)、榿(qi)木(mu)等(deng)樹(shu)(shu)種，還有省重點保護原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)珍(zhen)貴樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)杜仲、銀杏(xing)等(deng)，野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物42種，其中水禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)8種，兩棲類(lei)(lei)3種，爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)5種，鳥類(lei)(lei)19種，獸類(lei)(lei)7種。特別是白鷺等(deng)水鳥作(zuo)為濕(shi)地野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物中較具代表性(xing)的(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)群，靈敏反應(ying)了(le)濕(shi)地環境的(de)(de)變化(hua)。
公園內有(you)多處古(gu)剎名寺、石(shi)雕古(gu)墓、魁(kui)星閣樓(lou)、閉關佛洞(dong)等(deng)人(ren)文景觀，還(huan)有(you)自然形(xing)成的(de)柏林湖、五嵐二錦(jin)、摩崖造像、三國古(gu)柏等(deng)自然景觀，景點美不(bu)勝收(shou)。
濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園地(di)(di)質構(gou)造為龍門(men)山(shan)北(bei)東(dong)向華夏式構(gou)造體系(xi)(xi)，位于摩天嶺構(gou)造帶(dai)(dai)之(zhi)南、米倉上構(gou)造帶(dai)(dai)之(zhi)西，北(bei)東(dong)走向，插(cha)入摩天嶺、米倉山(shan)構(gou)造帶(dai)(dai)內。大部分地(di)(di)區屬白堊系(xi)(xi)下統城(cheng)墻(qiang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)群地(di)(di)址巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層，是繼侏羅系(xi)(xi)沉積之(zhi)后(hou)又一(yi)套河湖相(xiang)間的紅(hong)色碎屑巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)構(gou)成(cheng)，礫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、泥巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)呈互層產(chan)生，厚度(du)在(zai)1300m左右，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)相(xiang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)性變化較大。
濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)及周邊區域(yu)有4個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)(lei)、7個亞類(lei)(lei)，林業用地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、山地(di)(di)黃壤(rang)、新(xin)沖(chong)擊土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)三類(lei)(lei)，以(yi)前(qian)兩(liang)類(lei)(lei)為多(duo)(duo)。紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)因發育(yu)(yu)于紫色母巖，發育(yu)(yu)較(jiao)淺(qian)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質地(di)(di)以(yi)中壤(rang)、重(zhong)壤(rang)居多(duo)(duo)，沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及粘土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)較(jiao)少酸(suan)堿度微酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)至微堿性(xing)(xing)，以(yi)中性(xing)(xing)及微堿性(xing)(xing)為主，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)含N、P、K元(yuan)素較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，保(bao)水(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)力較(jiao)強，一般(ban)(ban)分(fen)(fen)布于海(hai)拔700m以(yi)上(shang)。山地(di)(di)黃壤(rang)屬砂巖和(he)頁(ye)巖石發育(yu)(yu)而成的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)，質地(di)(di)有沙壤(rang)和(he)粘壤(rang)，一般(ban)(ban)分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)海(hai)拔700m以(yi)上(shang)。新(xin)沖(chong)擊土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)主要分(fen)(fen)布于沿河兩(liang)岸，海(hai)拔一般(ban)(ban)在(zai)300-500m左右(you)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚、肥(fei)沃(wo)。
濕地公園所在區域屬(shu)亞熱帶季(ji)風性濕潤氣候，四季(ji)分(fen)明，冬(dong)春多(duo)風，夏(xia)秋多(duo)雨(yu)，冬(dong)暖夏(xia)熱，秋季(ji)涼(liang)爽(shuang)，降雨(yu)集(ji)中，高溫(wen)期與多(duo)雨(yu)期一致。全年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)17.0℃，公園內(nei)日照時數(shu)最多(duo)是在8月，最少是12月，年平均(jun)日照數(shu)1370.0h，太陽輻射總(zong)量年均(jun)91.67cal/cm2。
濕地(di)公(gong)園內年(nian)平均相對(dui)濕度(du)70%左右，冬春較干燥，多年(nian)平均降雨量(liang)812.9mm，3-6月降雨量(liang)68.1mm，多年(nian)年(nian)平均蒸發量(liang)1499mm，3-6月蒸發量(liang)162.3mm。
濕地(di)公園內柏林湖流域面積420km2，集(ji)雨面積320km2，總(zong)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)、提(ti)水(shui)(shui)(shui)能力約3億m3，一般年份總(zong)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)兩2.8億m3，公園內濕地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量隨著季節變(bian)(bian)化(hua)有(you)一定的(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，但是(shi)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)幅度不大，7-10月份因降水(shui)(shui)(shui)增多水(shui)(shui)(shui)位有(you)所升高，枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)期與豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)期水(shui)(shui)(shui)位相(xiang)差(cha)3-4m，整個公園在豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)季節沒(mei)有(you)洪澇災害。
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