柏(bo)林湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)290公頃，水(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)140公頃，積(ji)(ji)水(shui)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)320平(ping)方公里，河道總長60公里。濕(shi)地(di)內山(shan)青水(shui)秀(xiu)、環境(jing)清幽(you)、風景(jing)迷人，被全(quan)國著名(ming)鄉土民俗建筑(zhu)專家季富政稱為山(shan)溝(gou)里的(de)“小九寨”，已經成功申報(bao)為國家濕(shi)地(di)公園。據(ju)了解，柏(bo)林湖(hu)國家濕(shi)地(di)公園所在(zai)的(de)柏(bo)林古(gu)鎮，于東漢(han)末年（公園128年）建葭萌(meng)分縣(xian)，已有1800多年歷(li)史(shi)。境(jing)內歷(li)史(shi)文化(hua)積(ji)(ji)淀厚重(zhong)，文物(wu)、古(gu)跡眾多，自然風光清新秀(xiu)美，秦漢(han)古(gu)街被譽為川北民居(ju)“標本(ben)”，目前正在(zai)申報(bao)省級歷(li)史(shi)文化(hua)名(ming)鎮。
擬建的國家(jia)(jia)(jia)濕地公園(yuan)位(wei)于廣元(yuan)市昭化區境內，主要包括柏(bo)林(lin)(lin)湖(hu)及周(zhou)邊濕地區域。濕地公園(yuan)范圍東北(bei)起(qi)于石(shi)板河向(xiang)西(xi)南，沿(yan)(yan)溝至(zhi)寺坪向(xiang)南，沿(yan)(yan)馮(feng)家(jia)(jia)(jia)河至(zhi)張(zhang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)河向(xiang)西(xi)北(bei)至(zhi)觀音巖，向(xiang)南沿(yan)(yan)至(zhi)三房(fang)里，向(xiang)西(xi)北(bei)沿(yan)(yan)柏(bo)林(lin)(lin)湖(hu)至(zhi)王家(jia)(jia)(jia)灣(wan)，向(xiang)東南至(zhi)江家(jia)(jia)(jia)灣(wan)，向(xiang)東南沿(yan)(yan)柏(bo)林(lin)(lin)湖(hu)至(zhi)馬蹄灘大(da)壩(ba)，向(xiang)西(xi)北(bei)至(zhi)何家(jia)(jia)(jia)嘴，向(xiang)東北(bei)沿(yan)(yan)馮(feng)家(jia)(jia)(jia)河至(zhi)石(shi)板河。規劃面積1597.5hm2。
公(gong)(gong)園內濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)主要由人工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)的蓄水區濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)132.09公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、水塘濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)1.31公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、灌溉地(di)(di)(di)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)5.16公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、自然濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)的永(yong)久(jiu)性河流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)8.12公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)和泛濫地(di)(di)(di)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)88.67公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)構成(cheng)，占公(gong)(gong)園總面積的14.73%，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)類較豐富(fu)。
公園(yuan)內(nei)森(sen)林(lin)均(jun)為濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)匯(hui)水區，山谷溪流(liu)終年不(bu)斷流(liu)，保障了濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)充分的(de)水量(liang)供給，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)隨水位的(de)季節性變化(hua)而(er)變化(hua)，與(yu)周邊的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)之間的(de)物(wu)(wu)質與(yu)能量(liang)交換頻繁，整(zheng)個生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)已達到生(sheng)態(tai)的(de)平衡。 公園(yuan)內(nei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性資源(yuan)十(shi)分豐富，柏林(lin)湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)周圍分布著近(jin)20余種(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)木，主(zhu)要有馬(ma)尾松、柏木、榿木等樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)，還有省重(zhong)點保護原(yuan)生(sheng)珍貴樹(shu)木杜仲、銀杏等，野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)水禽類(lei)8種(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)，爬行(xing)類(lei)5種(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)19種(zhong)(zhong)，獸類(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)。特別是(shi)白鷺等水鳥作為濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)較具代表(biao)性的(de)類(lei)群，靈(ling)敏(min)反應(ying)了濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)環境的(de)變化(hua)。
公園內(nei)有(you)(you)多處古(gu)(gu)剎名寺(si)、石(shi)雕古(gu)(gu)墓、魁星閣樓、閉關佛洞等人文景觀，還有(you)(you)自然形成的柏林(lin)湖(hu)、五嵐二錦、摩崖(ya)造(zao)像、三(san)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)柏等自然景觀，景點美(mei)不勝收。
濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園地(di)(di)質構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)為龍門(men)山(shan)北東(dong)向(xiang)華夏式構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)體系，位于摩天嶺構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)帶之(zhi)(zhi)南、米倉上構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)帶之(zhi)(zhi)西，北東(dong)走(zou)向(xiang)，插入摩天嶺、米倉山(shan)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)帶內。大(da)(da)部分地(di)(di)區(qu)屬白(bai)堊系下統城墻巖群地(di)(di)址(zhi)巖層，是(shi)繼(ji)侏(zhu)羅系沉積之(zhi)(zhi)后又(you)一套河(he)湖相間的紅色(se)碎屑巖構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)，礫巖、砂巖、泥巖呈互層產生，厚度(du)在1300m左右，巖相巖性變化(hua)較大(da)(da)。
濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園及(ji)周邊區域(yu)有(you)(you)4個土(tu)(tu)類、7個亞類，林(lin)業(ye)用地(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)、山地(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)、新(xin)沖擊土(tu)(tu)三類，以(yi)(yi)前兩(liang)類為多。紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)因發(fa)育于紫(zi)色(se)母巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，發(fa)育較(jiao)淺，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質地(di)以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)、重壤(rang)(rang)居多，沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)及(ji)粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)較(jiao)少酸堿(jian)度微(wei)酸性(xing)至微(wei)堿(jian)性(xing)，以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)性(xing)及(ji)微(wei)堿(jian)性(xing)為主，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含N、P、K元素(su)較(jiao)多，保水保肥力較(jiao)強(qiang)，一(yi)般(ban)分布(bu)于海拔700m以(yi)(yi)上。山地(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)屬(shu)砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石發(fa)育而成的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)，質地(di)有(you)(you)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)粘(zhan)壤(rang)(rang)，一(yi)般(ban)分布(bu)在海拔700m以(yi)(yi)上。新(xin)沖擊土(tu)(tu)主要分布(bu)于沿(yan)河兩(liang)岸，海拔一(yi)般(ban)在300-500m左右，土(tu)(tu)層深厚、肥沃。
濕地公園所在(zai)區域屬(shu)亞熱(re)(re)帶季風性濕潤氣候，四季分(fen)明，冬春多風，夏秋多雨(yu)(yu)，冬暖夏熱(re)(re)，秋季涼爽，降雨(yu)(yu)集中，高溫(wen)期(qi)與多雨(yu)(yu)期(qi)一(yi)致(zhi)。全(quan)年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)17.0℃，公園內日照時數最(zui)多是(shi)在(zai)8月(yue)，最(zui)少是(shi)12月(yue)，年平均(jun)日照數1370.0h，太陽輻射總量年均(jun)91.67cal/cm2。
濕(shi)地公園內年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度70%左右，冬春較干燥，多年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨量(liang)812.9mm，3-6月降(jiang)雨量(liang)68.1mm，多年(nian)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)蒸發量(liang)1499mm，3-6月蒸發量(liang)162.3mm。
濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園內柏林湖流域(yu)面積(ji)420km2，集雨面積(ji)320km2，總(zong)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)、提水(shui)(shui)(shui)能力約(yue)3億m3，一(yi)般年份總(zong)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)兩2.8億m3，公(gong)(gong)園內濕(shi)地水(shui)(shui)(shui)量隨著季(ji)節變化(hua)(hua)有一(yi)定的變化(hua)(hua)，但是變化(hua)(hua)幅度不大，7-10月份因降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)增多水(shui)(shui)(shui)位有所升高，枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)期與豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)期水(shui)(shui)(shui)位相差3-4m，整(zheng)個公(gong)(gong)園在豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)季(ji)節沒有洪澇災害。
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