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基本介紹

貴(gui)州(zhou)羅甸蒙江(jiang)國家濕地(di)公園地(di)處黔(qian)(qian)南(nan)布依族苗族自(zi)治(zhi)州(zhou)羅甸縣中南(nan)部，屬珠(zhu)江(jiang)水(shui)系紅水(shui)河上游，位于貴(gui)州(zhou)省重點調查與(yu)監測濕地(di)—龍灘庫區濕地(di)區范圍內，是珠(zhu)江(jiang)上游重要的(de)水(shui)產種(zhong)質資(zi)源地(di)之一(yi)。龍灘水(shui)電站(zhan)大壩蓄水(shui)后(hou)，紅水(shui)河及其(qi)支流兩岸(an)的(de)山(shan)巒兀立于水(shui)面(mian)，整(zheng)個水(shui)面(mian)形成了眾多獨具特色的(de)半島(dao)及島(dao)嶼(yu)。群峰高(gao)昂(ang)，碧波(bo)蕩(dang)漾，島(dao)嶼(yu)、半島(dao)星羅棋布，是深藏在黔(qian)(qian)桂(gui)兩省交界萬山(shan)叢中的(de)一(yi)顆明珠(zhu)。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)總(zong)面積7226.11 hm2，地(di)(di)(di)處北緯25°15′4″～25°25′34″，東經106°34′29″～106°55′33″之(zhi)間。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)涉(she)及逢(feng)亭鎮(zhen)、龍坪鎮(zhen)、溝亭鄉(xiang)、羅悃鎮(zhen)、八總(zong)鄉(xiang)、茂井(jing)鎮(zhen)、大(da)亭鄉(xiang)、鳳亭鄉(xiang)、班仁(ren)鄉(xiang)九個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)和國有林場，其(qi)中庫塘型人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面積3096.94hm2，永(yong)久性河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)61.07 hm2，洪泛平原(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)（灘(tan)涂）72.45 hm2，稻田人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面積238.54hm2，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面積為3469hm2，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)率48.01%。

蒙江國(guo)(guo)家濕地公(gong)園具有獨(du)特的亞熱帶河谷季(ji)雨(yu)林氣候，眾多的庫(ku)灣、庫(ku)汊、消落區等生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)，為野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提(ti)供了良好(hao)(hao)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境(jing)。據調查，公(gong)園內(nei)浮(fu)游植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共29科65屬(shu)77種(zhong)(zhong)，維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共146科389屬(shu)635種(zhong)(zhong)（蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12科12屬(shu)12種(zhong)(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8科11屬(shu)15種(zhong)(zhong)，雙子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)107科296屬(shu)512種(zhong)(zhong)，單子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19科70屬(shu)96種(zhong)(zhong)）。有國(guo)(guo)家保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有十三種(zhong)(zhong)，其中掌(zhang)葉木(mu)為國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，貴州(zhou)特有的貴州(zhou)金花茶為瀕臨(lin)滅(mie)絕的珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。項(xiang)目(mu)區內(nei)浮(fu)游動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計6目(mu)19科59種(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)節肢動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、環節動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計3目(mu)10科19種(zhong)(zhong)，魚類、兩(liang)棲(qi)類動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、爬行動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類、鳥(niao)類和獸類31目(mu)105科411種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，包括蟒(mang)、林麝；國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)26種(zhong)(zhong)，包括大鯢、獼猴、紅腹錦雞等。斑鳠、倒(dao)刺(ci)鲃、白甲(jia)魚、鰻鱺等25種(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)列于國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)經濟水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源名錄。暖濕的氣候，良好(hao)(hao)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)是(shi)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鳥(niao)類和其它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)棲(qi)息的天堂(tang)。

蒙江(jiang)(jiang)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)是(shi)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)(you)和(he)龍灘水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)庫(ku)區的重要生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)屏障。公園(yuan)建設以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統的物(wu)種多樣(yang)性為基調，以(yi)亞熱帶河(he)谷(gu)季(ji)雨(yu)林植(zhi)被景觀、水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)和(he)周邊深厚純樸(pu)的布依族、苗(miao)族濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)民俗風情為特色，以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)(you)及龍灘水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)(you)特有(you)魚類種質資源(yuan)環境(jing)為目標，建設融濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)恢復、防洪調蓄、能(neng)源(yuan)開發(fa)、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功能(neng)展示、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)觀光、科普教育、休閑度假、文化娛樂等多功能(neng)于(yu)一體的國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)。以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)紅水(shui)(shui)河(he)一級支流蒙江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)谷(gu)、二級支流壩王河(he)、高于(yu)河(he)河(he)谷(gu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統為主，立足濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)育，突出濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)恢復及水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、維護(hu)(hu)區域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)平衡(heng)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性，凸顯蒙江(jiang)(jiang)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)特色及其在珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)流域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的典型(xing)示范作用。