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基本介紹

貴州(zhou)羅甸蒙江國家濕(shi)地公園地處黔南(nan)布依族苗族自治州(zhou)羅甸縣(xian)中南(nan)部，屬珠(zhu)江水系紅水河(he)上游，位于貴州(zhou)省重(zhong)點調查與監測濕(shi)地—龍(long)灘(tan)庫區(qu)濕(shi)地區(qu)范圍(wei)內，是珠(zhu)江上游重(zhong)要的(de)水產(chan)種(zhong)質資源地之一(yi)。龍(long)灘(tan)水電站大壩(ba)蓄水后，紅水河(he)及其支流(liu)兩岸的(de)山巒(luan)兀立于水面(mian)，整(zheng)個水面(mian)形(xing)成了眾多獨(du)具(ju)特(te)色的(de)半島及島嶼(yu)。群峰高昂(ang)，碧波蕩漾(yang)，島嶼(yu)、半島星(xing)羅棋布，是深藏(zang)在黔桂(gui)兩省交(jiao)界萬山叢中的(de)一(yi)顆明珠(zhu)。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面積7226.11 hm2，地(di)(di)處北緯25°15′4″～25°25′34″，東(dong)經106°34′29″～106°55′33″之間。濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)涉及(ji)逢亭(ting)鎮(zhen)、龍坪鎮(zhen)、溝(gou)亭(ting)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、羅(luo)悃鎮(zhen)、八(ba)總(zong)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、茂井鎮(zhen)、大亭(ting)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、鳳亭(ting)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、班仁鄉(xiang)(xiang)九(jiu)個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)和(he)國有林場，其中庫塘型人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)面積3096.94hm2，永久性河流(liu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)61.07 hm2，洪(hong)泛平原濕(shi)地(di)(di)（灘涂(tu)）72.45 hm2，稻田人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)面積238.54hm2，濕(shi)地(di)(di)總(zong)面積為(wei)3469hm2，濕(shi)地(di)(di)率48.01%。

蒙(meng)江國(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)具有獨特的(de)亞(ya)熱(re)帶河谷季雨林氣候，眾(zhong)多的(de)庫灣、庫汊、消落區等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)，為野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)陸生(sheng)(sheng)和水生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了良(liang)好的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存環境(jing)。據(ju)調查，公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)浮游植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共29科(ke)(ke)65屬(shu)(shu)77種(zhong)(zhong)，維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共146科(ke)(ke)389屬(shu)(shu)635種(zhong)(zhong)（蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)12科(ke)(ke)12屬(shu)(shu)12種(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)15種(zhong)(zhong)，雙子葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)107科(ke)(ke)296屬(shu)(shu)512種(zhong)(zhong)，單子葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)19科(ke)(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)96種(zhong)(zhong)）。有國(guo)(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有十(shi)三種(zhong)(zhong)，其中掌葉(xie)木為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，貴州(zhou)特有的(de)貴州(zhou)金(jin)花茶(cha)為瀕(bin)臨滅絕的(de)珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。項(xiang)目(mu)區內(nei)(nei)浮游動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)計(ji)6目(mu)19科(ke)(ke)59種(zhong)(zhong)，水生(sheng)(sheng)節肢動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、環節動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)計(ji)3目(mu)10科(ke)(ke)19種(zhong)(zhong)，魚類(lei)、兩棲(qi)(qi)類(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、爬行動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)、鳥(niao)類(lei)和獸(shou)類(lei)31目(mu)105科(ke)(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，包括蟒、林麝；國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)26種(zhong)(zhong)，包括大(da)鯢(ni)、獼猴(hou)、紅腹錦雞等(deng)。斑鳠、倒(dao)刺鲃、白甲魚、鰻鱺等(deng)25種(zhong)(zhong)水生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)列(lie)于(yu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)經濟水生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)名(ming)錄(lu)。暖濕(shi)(shi)的(de)氣候，良(liang)好的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)是水生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、鳥(niao)類(lei)和其它生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)棲(qi)(qi)息的(de)天堂。

蒙江(jiang)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)珠江(jiang)上游和(he)龍(long)灘水電站庫(ku)區(qu)的(de)重要生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)屏障。公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)設以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)物(wu)種(zhong)多樣(yang)性(xing)為(wei)基(ji)調(diao)，以(yi)亞熱帶河(he)(he)谷(gu)季雨林植被(bei)景觀、水庫(ku)和(he)周邊深(shen)厚(hou)純樸(pu)的(de)布依(yi)族(zu)、苗族(zu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)民俗(su)風(feng)情為(wei)特(te)色(se)，以(yi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)珠江(jiang)上游及(ji)龍(long)灘水電站生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)、保護(hu)(hu)(hu)珠江(jiang)上游特(te)有(you)魚類種(zhong)質資源(yuan)環境為(wei)目標，建(jian)設融濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保育、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)恢復、防洪調(diao)蓄(xu)、能源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功能展示、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)觀光、科普教育、休閑(xian)度假、文(wen)化娛樂等多功能于一體的(de)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。以(yi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)紅水河(he)(he)一級(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)流蒙江(jiang)河(he)(he)谷(gu)、二級(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)流壩(ba)王河(he)(he)、高于河(he)(he)河(he)(he)谷(gu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)為(wei)主，立足濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保育，突出濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)恢復及(ji)水資源(yuan)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)、維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)域生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)平(ping)衡和(he)生(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)，凸顯蒙江(jiang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)特(te)色(se)及(ji)其(qi)在珠江(jiang)流域生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)典型(xing)示范作用。