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基本介紹

貴州(zhou)羅甸蒙江(jiang)國家(jia)濕地(di)公園地(di)處黔南布依族(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)州(zhou)羅甸縣中南部，屬珠江(jiang)水(shui)系紅水(shui)河(he)上游，位(wei)于(yu)貴州(zhou)省(sheng)重(zhong)點調查與監測濕地(di)—龍灘庫(ku)區(qu)濕地(di)區(qu)范(fan)圍(wei)內，是珠江(jiang)上游重(zhong)要的(de)水(shui)產種質資源地(di)之一(yi)。龍灘水(shui)電站大(da)壩(ba)蓄水(shui)后，紅水(shui)河(he)及其(qi)支流兩岸的(de)山(shan)巒兀立于(yu)水(shui)面(mian)，整個水(shui)面(mian)形成(cheng)了眾多獨具特色的(de)半島(dao)及島(dao)嶼。群峰高昂，碧波蕩漾(yang)，島(dao)嶼、半島(dao)星羅棋布，是深(shen)藏(zang)在(zai)黔桂兩省(sheng)交界萬山(shan)叢中的(de)一(yi)顆明珠。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園總(zong)面積7226.11 hm2，地(di)(di)(di)處北緯25°15′4″～25°25′34″，東(dong)經106°34′29″～106°55′33″之間。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園涉(she)及逢亭(ting)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、龍(long)坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、溝亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、羅(luo)悃鎮(zhen)(zhen)、八總(zong)鄉(xiang)、茂井鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、鳳亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、班仁鄉(xiang)九個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)和(he)國有林場，其中庫塘型(xing)人(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面積3096.94hm2，永久性河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)61.07 hm2，洪(hong)泛平原濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)（灘涂）72.45 hm2，稻田人(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面積238.54hm2，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面積為3469hm2，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)率48.01%。

蒙江(jiang)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)園具(ju)有獨(du)特的(de)(de)亞(ya)熱帶河(he)谷季雨林氣候(hou)(hou)，眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)庫(ku)(ku)灣、庫(ku)(ku)汊、消落區等生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境，為(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境。據(ju)調查，公(gong)園內浮(fu)游植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)29科(ke)65屬(shu)(shu)77種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，維管束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)146科(ke)389屬(shu)(shu)635種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（蕨(jue)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)12科(ke)12屬(shu)(shu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙子(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)107科(ke)296屬(shu)(shu)512種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單子(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)19科(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)96種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。有國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)保護珍稀植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有十三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)掌葉木為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保護野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，貴(gui)州(zhou)特有的(de)(de)貴(gui)州(zhou)金花茶為(wei)瀕臨滅絕的(de)(de)珍稀植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。項目區內浮(fu)游動物(wu)(wu)(wu)計6目19科(ke)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)節肢動物(wu)(wu)(wu)、環節動物(wu)(wu)(wu)、軟(ruan)體動物(wu)(wu)(wu)計3目10科(ke)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚(yu)類、兩棲類動物(wu)(wu)(wu)、爬行動物(wu)(wu)(wu)類、鳥(niao)類和(he)獸類31目105科(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保護野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包(bao)括(kuo)蟒(mang)、林麝；國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保護野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包(bao)括(kuo)大鯢、獼(mi)猴(hou)、紅腹錦雞(ji)等。斑鳠(hu)、倒(dao)刺鲃、白甲魚(yu)、鰻鱺等25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)列于國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保護經濟水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源名錄。暖濕的(de)(de)氣候(hou)(hou)，良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境是水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)、鳥(niao)類和(he)其它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)棲息的(de)(de)天堂。

蒙(meng)(meng)江(jiang)(jiang)國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)是珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)和龍(long)灘水(shui)電站(zhan)庫區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)屏(ping)障。公園(yuan)建設(she)以濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統的(de)(de)(de)物種多樣(yang)性為基調，以亞熱帶河(he)谷季雨(yu)林植被景觀、水(shui)庫和周邊(bian)深厚純樸的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)依(yi)族、苗族濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)民(min)俗風情為特(te)色，以保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)及龍(long)灘水(shui)電站(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全、保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)上游(you)特(te)有魚類(lei)種質資(zi)源(yuan)環境為目標(biao)，建設(she)融濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)恢復、防洪調蓄、能源(yuan)開發、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功(gong)能展示(shi)(shi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)觀光(guang)、科普教育(yu)(yu)、休閑度假、文(wen)化娛樂等多功(gong)能于一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)。以保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅水(shui)河(he)一級支流(liu)蒙(meng)(meng)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)谷、二級支流(liu)壩王河(he)、高于河(he)河(he)谷濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統為主，立(li)足(zu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)，突出(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)恢復及水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、維護(hu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)平衡(heng)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性，凸顯蒙(meng)(meng)江(jiang)(jiang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)特(te)色及其在珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)示(shi)(shi)范作用(yong)。