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基本介紹

貴(gui)州羅甸(dian)(dian)蒙江國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)地(di)處黔南布依族(zu)(zu)苗族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治州羅甸(dian)(dian)縣中南部，屬珠江水(shui)系(xi)紅(hong)水(shui)河上(shang)游，位于(yu)貴(gui)州省(sheng)重(zhong)點(dian)調查(cha)與(yu)監測濕(shi)地(di)—龍(long)灘(tan)庫(ku)區(qu)(qu)濕(shi)地(di)區(qu)(qu)范圍內，是(shi)珠江上(shang)游重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)水(shui)產種(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源地(di)之一。龍(long)灘(tan)水(shui)電站大壩(ba)蓄水(shui)后，紅(hong)水(shui)河及其支流(liu)兩岸的(de)山巒兀(wu)立于(yu)水(shui)面(mian)，整個水(shui)面(mian)形成了眾(zhong)多獨(du)具(ju)特色(se)的(de)半島(dao)及島(dao)嶼。群峰(feng)高昂，碧波蕩漾，島(dao)嶼、半島(dao)星羅棋(qi)布，是(shi)深(shen)藏在黔桂(gui)兩省(sheng)交(jiao)界(jie)萬山叢(cong)中的(de)一顆明珠。

濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園總面(mian)積(ji)7226.11 hm2，地(di)處北(bei)緯25°15′4″～25°25′34″，東經106°34′29″～106°55′33″之間。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園涉及逢亭(ting)鎮、龍坪(ping)鎮、溝亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、羅(luo)悃鎮、八(ba)總鄉(xiang)、茂(mao)井(jing)鎮、大亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、鳳亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、班仁鄉(xiang)九(jiu)個鄉(xiang)鎮和國有(you)林場，其中(zhong)庫塘型人工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)3096.94hm2，永久性(xing)河流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)61.07 hm2，洪泛(fan)平原濕(shi)(shi)地(di)（灘(tan)涂）72.45 hm2，稻田人工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)238.54hm2，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)總面(mian)積(ji)為3469hm2，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)率48.01%。

蒙江(jiang)國家濕地公園具有獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)熱(re)帶河谷季雨林氣候，眾多的(de)(de)(de)庫灣、庫汊、消落區(qu)等生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)，為(wei)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了(le)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境(jing)。據調查，公園內浮(fu)游(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共29科(ke)(ke)65屬(shu)(shu)77種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，維管束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共146科(ke)(ke)389屬(shu)(shu)635種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12科(ke)(ke)12屬(shu)(shu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸(luo)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙(shuang)子葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)107科(ke)(ke)296屬(shu)(shu)512種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單子葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19科(ke)(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)96種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。有國家保護(hu)(hu)(hu)珍稀植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有十三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中掌葉木為(wei)國家Ⅰ級保護(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)貴(gui)州(zhou)(zhou)金(jin)花(hua)茶為(wei)瀕臨滅絕(jue)的(de)(de)(de)珍稀植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。項目(mu)區(qu)內浮(fu)游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計6目(mu)19科(ke)(ke)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)節(jie)肢動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、環節(jie)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、軟體動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計3目(mu)10科(ke)(ke)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚類(lei)(lei)、兩棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、爬(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)(lei)、鳥類(lei)(lei)和獸類(lei)(lei)31目(mu)105科(ke)(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家Ⅰ級保護(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括蟒、林麝；國家Ⅱ級保護(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括大鯢、獼猴(hou)、紅腹錦雞等。斑鳠、倒刺鲃、白甲魚、鰻鱺(li)等25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)列于(yu)國家重點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)經濟水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)名錄。暖濕的(de)(de)(de)氣候，良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)是水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鳥類(lei)(lei)和其(qi)它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)棲(qi)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)天堂。

蒙江(jiang)(jiang)國家濕地(di)(di)公園是珠江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游和龍灘(tan)水(shui)電站(zhan)庫區的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要生態(tai)(tai)屏(ping)障。公園建設以濕地(di)(di)生態(tai)(tai)系統的(de)(de)(de)物種多樣性為(wei)基調(diao)，以亞熱帶河(he)谷季雨林植被景(jing)觀(guan)、水(shui)庫和周邊深(shen)厚純(chun)樸的(de)(de)(de)布依族、苗(miao)族濕地(di)(di)民俗風情為(wei)特(te)色(se)(se)，以保(bao)護珠江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游及(ji)龍灘(tan)水(shui)電站(zhan)生態(tai)(tai)安全(quan)、保(bao)護珠江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游特(te)有魚(yu)類種質資源(yuan)環境為(wei)目標，建設融濕地(di)(di)保(bao)育、濕地(di)(di)恢復、防洪(hong)調(diao)蓄、能(neng)源(yuan)開發(fa)、濕地(di)(di)生態(tai)(tai)功(gong)能(neng)展示、生態(tai)(tai)觀(guan)光、科普教育、休閑度(du)假、文化娛(yu)樂等多功(gong)能(neng)于一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)國家濕地(di)(di)公園。以保(bao)護紅水(shui)河(he)一級(ji)支流(liu)蒙江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)谷、二級(ji)支流(liu)壩王(wang)河(he)、高于河(he)河(he)谷濕地(di)(di)生態(tai)(tai)系統為(wei)主，立足濕地(di)(di)生態(tai)(tai)保(bao)育，突(tu)出濕地(di)(di)恢復及(ji)水(shui)資源(yuan)保(bao)護、維(wei)護區域生態(tai)(tai)平衡和生物多樣性，凸(tu)顯蒙江(jiang)(jiang)濕地(di)(di)特(te)色(se)(se)及(ji)其在珠江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域生態(tai)(tai)安全(quan)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)典型示范作用。