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基本介紹

貴州羅(luo)甸蒙(meng)江國家濕(shi)地公園(yuan)地處(chu)黔南布依族苗(miao)族自治州羅(luo)甸縣中南部，屬珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)江水(shui)(shui)系紅(hong)水(shui)(shui)河上游，位于貴州省(sheng)重點調查與監測濕(shi)地—龍灘庫區濕(shi)地區范圍內(nei)，是珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)江上游重要的(de)水(shui)(shui)產種質(zhi)資源(yuan)地之一。龍灘水(shui)(shui)電站大壩(ba)蓄水(shui)(shui)后，紅(hong)水(shui)(shui)河及(ji)其支(zhi)流兩岸的(de)山巒(luan)兀立于水(shui)(shui)面，整個水(shui)(shui)面形成了眾多獨具特色的(de)半(ban)島及(ji)島嶼(yu)。群峰高昂，碧波蕩漾，島嶼(yu)、半(ban)島星羅(luo)棋布，是深(shen)藏在(zai)黔桂兩省(sheng)交界萬山叢中的(de)一顆(ke)明(ming)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。

濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)7226.11 hm2，地(di)(di)處北緯25°15′4″～25°25′34″，東經(jing)106°34′29″～106°55′33″之間(jian)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)涉及逢亭(ting)鎮(zhen)、龍坪(ping)鎮(zhen)、溝亭(ting)鄉、羅悃鎮(zhen)、八總(zong)鄉、茂井鎮(zhen)、大亭(ting)鄉、鳳亭(ting)鄉、班仁鄉九(jiu)個鄉鎮(zhen)和國有林場，其中庫塘型人工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)3096.94hm2，永久性河(he)流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)61.07 hm2，洪泛平原濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)（灘涂）72.45 hm2，稻田人工濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)238.54hm2，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)為3469hm2，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)率48.01%。

蒙江國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地公園(yuan)具有獨特的(de)亞熱帶河谷季雨林(lin)(lin)氣候，眾多(duo)的(de)庫灣、庫汊、消落區等生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)，為(wei)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提(ti)供了良好的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境(jing)。據調查(cha)，公園(yuan)內浮(fu)(fu)游植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)29科(ke)(ke)65屬(shu)(shu)77種(zhong)(zhong)，維(wei)管束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)146科(ke)(ke)389屬(shu)(shu)635種(zhong)(zhong)（蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12科(ke)(ke)12屬(shu)(shu)12種(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)15種(zhong)(zhong)，雙子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)107科(ke)(ke)296屬(shu)(shu)512種(zhong)(zhong)，單(dan)子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19科(ke)(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)96種(zhong)(zhong)）。有國(guo)家(jia)保護珍稀(xi)(xi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有十三種(zhong)(zhong)，其中掌(zhang)葉木(mu)為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級保護野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，貴州特有的(de)貴州金(jin)花茶(cha)為(wei)瀕臨滅絕(jue)的(de)珍稀(xi)(xi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。項目(mu)區內浮(fu)(fu)游動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計(ji)6目(mu)19科(ke)(ke)59種(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)節肢動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、環節動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、軟體動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計(ji)3目(mu)10科(ke)(ke)19種(zhong)(zhong)，魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和獸類(lei)(lei)(lei)31目(mu)105科(ke)(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級保護野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，包括(kuo)蟒、林(lin)(lin)麝；國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級保護野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)26種(zhong)(zhong)，包括(kuo)大(da)鯢(ni)、獼猴、紅腹錦雞等。斑(ban)鳠、倒(dao)刺鲃、白甲魚(yu)、鰻鱺等25種(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)列于國(guo)家(jia)重點保護經濟水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源名錄。暖濕(shi)的(de)氣候，良好的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)是水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和其它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)棲息的(de)天(tian)堂(tang)。

蒙(meng)江(jiang)國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)是珠江(jiang)上(shang)游(you)和龍灘(tan)水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)庫區(qu)的重要(yao)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)屏障。公園(yuan)建(jian)設以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統(tong)的物種(zhong)多(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)為(wei)基調(diao)，以(yi)亞熱帶河谷季(ji)雨(yu)林植被(bei)景觀、水庫和周(zhou)邊(bian)深厚(hou)純(chun)樸的布依(yi)族(zu)、苗族(zu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)民(min)俗風(feng)情為(wei)特色，以(yi)保(bao)(bao)護珠江(jiang)上(shang)游(you)及龍灘(tan)水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)全、保(bao)(bao)護珠江(jiang)上(shang)游(you)特有魚類種(zhong)質資源(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)境為(wei)目標，建(jian)設融濕(shi)(shi)地(di)保(bao)(bao)育(yu)、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)恢復、防(fang)洪(hong)調(diao)蓄、能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開發、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)能(neng)展示、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)觀光、科普教育(yu)、休閑(xian)度(du)假、文化(hua)娛樂等(deng)多(duo)功(gong)能(neng)于一(yi)體的國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)。以(yi)保(bao)(bao)護紅(hong)水河一(yi)級(ji)支流(liu)(liu)蒙(meng)江(jiang)河谷、二級(ji)支流(liu)(liu)壩王(wang)河、高于河河谷濕(shi)(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統(tong)為(wei)主，立(li)足濕(shi)(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)育(yu)，突出(chu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)恢復及水資源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護、維(wei)護區(qu)域(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)平衡和生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)，凸(tu)顯(xian)蒙(meng)江(jiang)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)特色及其在珠江(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)全保(bao)(bao)護的典型示范作用。