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基本介紹

貴(gui)州羅甸蒙江國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園地(di)(di)處黔(qian)(qian)南(nan)布(bu)依族苗族自(zi)治(zhi)州羅甸縣中南(nan)部，屬(shu)珠江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系紅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)上游，位于貴(gui)州省重點調查與(yu)監測濕(shi)地(di)(di)—龍灘庫區濕(shi)地(di)(di)區范圍內，是(shi)珠江上游重要的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產種質(zhi)資源地(di)(di)之(zhi)一。龍灘水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電站大壩蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后，紅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)及其支流兩(liang)岸(an)的(de)山巒(luan)兀(wu)立(li)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)，整個水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)形(xing)成了眾多(duo)獨具特色的(de)半(ban)(ban)島及島嶼。群峰高昂，碧波蕩漾(yang)，島嶼、半(ban)(ban)島星羅棋布(bu)，是(shi)深藏在黔(qian)(qian)桂(gui)兩(liang)省交界萬(wan)山叢中的(de)一顆明珠。

濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積7226.11 hm2，地(di)(di)處北緯25°15′4″～25°25′34″，東(dong)經106°34′29″～106°55′33″之(zhi)間。濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)涉及逢亭(ting)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、溝亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、羅悃鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、八總(zong)(zong)鄉(xiang)、茂井鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、鳳(feng)亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、班仁鄉(xiang)九個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和國有林場，其中庫塘型人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積3096.94hm2，永(yong)久(jiu)性河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)61.07 hm2，洪泛平原濕(shi)地(di)(di)（灘涂）72.45 hm2，稻田人工濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積238.54hm2，濕(shi)地(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積為3469hm2，濕(shi)地(di)(di)率48.01%。

蒙江國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)園具有(you)獨特(te)的亞熱帶河谷季雨林氣候，眾多的庫灣(wan)、庫汊、消(xiao)落區等生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)，為野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了良好(hao)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境(jing)。據(ju)調查，公(gong)園內(nei)浮游植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)29科(ke)65屬77種(zhong)(zhong)，維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)146科(ke)389屬635種(zhong)(zhong)（蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12科(ke)12屬12種(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)11屬15種(zhong)(zhong)，雙子葉(xie)(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)107科(ke)296屬512種(zhong)(zhong)，單(dan)子葉(xie)(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19科(ke)70屬96種(zhong)(zhong)）。有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)保(bao)護珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)十三種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中掌葉(xie)(xie)木為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，貴州(zhou)特(te)有(you)的貴州(zhou)金花茶為瀕臨(lin)滅絕的珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。項目區內(nei)浮游動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計6目19科(ke)59種(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)節肢動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、環節動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、軟(ruan)體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計3目10科(ke)19種(zhong)(zhong)，魚類(lei)(lei)、兩棲類(lei)(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、爬行動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)(lei)、鳥類(lei)(lei)和獸類(lei)(lei)31目105科(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，包(bao)括(kuo)蟒、林麝；國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)26種(zhong)(zhong)，包(bao)括(kuo)大鯢、獼猴、紅腹錦(jin)雞等。斑(ban)鳠、倒刺鲃、白甲魚、鰻鱺等25種(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)列于國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點保(bao)護經濟水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源名(ming)錄。暖(nuan)濕(shi)的氣候，良好(hao)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)是水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鳥類(lei)(lei)和其(qi)它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)棲息的天堂。

蒙江國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園是珠(zhu)江上游和龍(long)灘水(shui)電站(zhan)庫區(qu)(qu)的重(zhong)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)屏障(zhang)。公(gong)園建(jian)設(she)以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統的物(wu)種多(duo)樣(yang)性為基調，以(yi)亞熱帶河(he)(he)谷季(ji)雨林植被景觀、水(shui)庫和周邊深厚(hou)純樸的布依族(zu)(zu)、苗族(zu)(zu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)民(min)俗風情為特(te)色，以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)珠(zhu)江上游及龍(long)灘水(shui)電站(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安全(quan)、保(bao)護(hu)珠(zhu)江上游特(te)有魚類種質資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環境為目(mu)標，建(jian)設(she)融濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育(yu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)恢復、防洪調蓄、能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功能展示(shi)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)觀光(guang)、科(ke)普教育(yu)、休閑度(du)假、文化娛樂等多(duo)功能于(yu)一體的國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園。以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)紅水(shui)河(he)(he)一級支流蒙江河(he)(he)谷、二級支流壩王(wang)河(he)(he)、高于(yu)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)谷濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統為主，立足濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)育(yu)，突出濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)恢復及水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)、維護(hu)區(qu)(qu)域生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)平衡和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性，凸顯(xian)蒙江濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)特(te)色及其在珠(zhu)江流域生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安全(quan)保(bao)護(hu)的典型示(shi)范作用(yong)。