洱源西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)處(chu)洱海源頭(tou),屬瀾滄(cang)江水系,為高原斷陷湖(hu)(hu)泊,是(shi)大理及周邊(bian)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)全的(de)重要保障。西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)物豐富多(duo)樣,天然濕(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統保存較為完整,有(you)洱海大頭(tou)鯉、灰裂腹魚(yu)、大理裂腹魚(yu)等特(te)有(you)魚(yu)類,是(shi)許多(duo)越冬鳥類的(de)棲(qi)息地(di)(di)和覓食地(di)(di),也(ye)是(shi)瀕危鳥類紫水雞的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存地(di)(di)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)內活性(xing)炭沉積特(te)殊(shu),在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)泊演替、氣候變化等方(fang)面具有(you)潛(qian)在(zai)的(de)研究價值。它同(tong)時是(shi)云(yun)南省高原濕(shi)地(di)(di)中景觀獨特(te)、白族風俗濃郁(yu)、歷史文化積淀深厚的(de)特(te)殊(shu)區(qu)(qu)域。
洱源(yuan)西湖(hu)濕地位于蒼山(shan)19峰之(zhi)一的(de)云弄(nong)峰北麓(lu),右所(suo)鎮境(jing)內(nei),流域(yu)面(mian)積119平方公里(li)(li),湖(hu)面(mian)面(mian)積4.7平方公里(li)(li),湖(hu)周(zhou)長10.3公里(li)(li),平均水(shui)(shui)深1.8米(mi),屬瀾滄江水(shui)(shui)系(xi),地處(chu)洱海源(yuan)頭,洱海13%的(de)地表水(shui)(shui)來自(zi)西湖(hu)。西湖(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)多(duo)樣性(xing)極為(wei)獨(du)特(te),形成面(mian)山(shan)森(sen)林(灌叢)— 村(cun)莊— 農(nong)田— 湖(hu)濱沼澤— 湖(hu)泊水(shui)(shui)面(mian)— 島嶼(yu)村(cun)莊的(de)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)與人工生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)交叉重疊(die)的(de)多(duo)樣性(xing)特(te)征,具有典(dian)型(xing)(xing)的(de)湖(hu)盆— 湖(hu)濱— 面(mian)山(shan)結構,包(bao)含了區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)景觀多(duo)樣性(xing)的(de)所(suo)有范疇,構成了地熱溫泉、民俗風(feng)情(qing)、歷(li)史文化、煙渚漁村(cun)、島嶼(yu)水(shui)(shui)鄉(xiang)的(de)特(te)色景觀構架。此外,西湖(hu)濕地生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)形成的(de)泥(ni)碳沼澤,埋藏于水(shui)(shui)下(xia)約2米(mi)處(chu),平均厚(hou)度4米(mi),最深超過15米(mi),儲量(liang)達390萬噸,是目前在滇(dian)西湖(hu)泊中(zhong)發現的(de)極具價值的(de)類型(xing)(xing)。西湖(hu)同(tong)時(shi)也是大理州水(shui)(shui)域(yu)風(feng)光(guang)型(xing)(xing)旅(lv)游(you)區(qu)的(de)標志(zhi)性(xing)景區(qu),日均接待觀光(guang)旅(lv)游(you)游(you)客2000人以(yi)上。
洱源西湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)(di)(di)為高原斷(duan)陷(xian)湖(hu)(hu)泊,屬瀾滄江水(shui)系,地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)洱海源頭,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態區(qu)位十分重(zhong)要(yao),是(shi)(shi)大(da)理及(ji)周邊地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)全的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)保障。洱源西湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性豐富,天然濕地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統保存(cun)(cun)較為完整,保存(cun)(cun)有(you)洱海大(da)頭鯉、灰裂腹魚(yu)、大(da)理裂腹魚(yu)等特有(you)魚(yu)類(lei),是(shi)(shi)許(xu)多(duo)越冬(dong)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)的(de)(de)棲息地(di)(di)(di)和(he)(he)覓食地(di)(di)(di),也是(shi)(shi)瀕危鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)紫水(shui)雞(ji),據目前的(de)(de)調查,為我國最大(da)的(de)(de)紫水(shui)雞(ji)種群。濕地(di)(di)(di)內(nei)活性炭(tan)沉積特殊(shu)(shu),在湖(hu)(hu)泊演(yan)替、氣候變化等方面(mian)具有(you)潛在的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)價值。洱源西湖(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)云南(nan)高原濕地(di)(di)(di)中景觀獨特,白族風俗濃(nong)郁,歷(li)史文化積淀深厚(hou)的(de)(de)特殊(shu)(shu)區(qu)域,是(shi)(shi)展(zhan)示(shi)濕地(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)成效和(he)(he)濕地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境教育的(de)(de)理想基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。
洱(er)源西(xi)湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)是極具觀賞價(jia)值的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀鳥(niao)類紫水雞(ji)在我(wo)省的(de)分(fen)布地(di)(di),也是我(wo)國紫水雞(ji)重要和較大種群分(fen)布地(di)(di),還是許多(duo)越冬鳥(niao)類的(de)棲息地(di)(di)和補食地(di)(di);此外,西(xi)湖(hu)水道為大理裂(lie)腹魚的(de)洄(hui)游通(tong)道和產卵區(qu),生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性價(jia)值極為獨特(te)和豐富。在去年濕(shi)地(di)(di)規劃編制調查過程(cheng)中(zhong),相關專(zhuan)家調查記錄到西(xi)湖(hu)共有(you)哺乳類動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)18種,爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)16種,兩棲動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)14種,魚類26種,鳥(niao)類76種,其(qi)中(zhong)水域鳥(niao)類39種;維管(guan)桿物(wu)(wu)(wu)306種,其(qi)中(zhong)濕(shi)地(di)(di)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)115種。這些植物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong),野菱、海(hai)(hai)菜花屬(shu)國家II級保護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu),虎紋蛙(wa)、大壁虎,灰雁、鳳頭鷹(ying)、白尾鷂(yao)、燕(yan)隼等屬(shu)國家II級保護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。另(ling)外,分(fen)布有(you)大眼鯉(li)、洱(er)海(hai)(hai)大頭鯉(li)、大理云南鯉(li)、灰裂(lie)腹魚、大理裂(lie)腹魚等滇西(xi)高原湖(hu)泊特(te)有(you)魚類和斑頭雁等青(qing)藏高原特(te)有(you)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀鳥(niao)類,有(you)著較高的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性保護(hu)價(jia)值,是開展泥碳沉積、湖(hu)泊演化、生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)研究的(de)典型(xing)地(di)(di)段,也是濕(shi)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境教育的(de)基地(di)(di),在洱(er)海(hai)(hai)濕(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)保護(hu)、區(qu)域環(huan)(huan)境維護(hu)和濕(shi)地(di)(di)資源利用方面發揮著重要作用。