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基本介紹

青海洮河(he)源國家(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于河(he)南縣賽爾(er)龍鄉(xiang)中部，總(zong)面(mian)積383.93平(ping)方公(gong)里，濕(shi)地面(mian)積為13820公(gong)頃，占(zhan)全區(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)36%。洮河(he)(上游藏名(ming)碌(liu)曲)為黃河(he)一級(ji)(ji)(ji)支(zhi)流，發源于境(jing)內東(dong)南部李恰(qia)如山(shan)與莫爾(er)藏阿(a)米山(shan)之間的(de)代富桑溝(gou)，源頭海拔3700米。濕(shi)地公(gong)園(yuan)境(jing)內流程23.50公(gong)里，河(he)段落差400米。洮河(he)源濕(shi)地區(qu)可劃分為河(he)流濕(shi)地和沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)地2類(lei)，包括：永久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)河(he)流、季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)(xing)河(he)流，沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)化草(cao)甸、蘚類(lei)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、草(cao)本沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)和灌(guan)叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)等(deng)(deng)6型(xing)。洮河(he)源濕(shi)地是青藏高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)高(gao)(gao)寒濕(shi)地生態系統的(de)典型(xing)代表。公(gong)園(yuan)內野(ye)生動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源豐富，擁有高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)324種(zhong)，野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)191種(zhong)，其中：有2種(zhong)國家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)黑頸鶴(he)、金雕；有11種(zhong)國家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)天鵝、鳶(yuan)、雀鷹等(deng)(deng)；有15種(zhong)省級(ji)(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)護野(ye)生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)艾虎、普通鸕(lu)鶿(zi)、灰雁等(deng)(deng)；而且(qie)每年有大(da)量的(de)白鶴(he)、鷺鷥等(deng)(deng)珍(zhen)禽(qin)來此棲息。

洮(tao)(tao)河(he)源(yuan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園位于賽爾龍鄉境內(nei)，東鄰(lin)甘肅(su)省(sheng)碌曲縣，西(xi)接優(you)干寧鎮(zhen)，南倚(yi)托葉瑪(ma)鄉、柯生鄉，北(bei)靠甘肅(su)省(sheng)夏河(he)縣，地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)總體是東南高、西(xi)北(bei)低，大(da)部分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區海(hai)拔均(jun)在3500米(mi)以上(shang)。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園規劃面(mian)(mian)積38393公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，區域內(nei)有(you)(you)河(he)流、草(cao)甸(dian)、高山(shan)、冰(bing)川、森林、草(cao)原，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)(wei)13820公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)率達36%。氣(qi)(qi)候類型為(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)高原大(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)候，屬(shu)高原亞寒帶(dai)濕(shi)潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)候區，年均(jun)降水量(liang)597.1～615.5毫米(mi)。是黃河(he)第二大(da)支流洮(tao)(tao)河(he)的發源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，平(ping)均(jun)流量(liang)13.10立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒，在公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)流程為(wei)(wei)23.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里。濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園植被以高山(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)、沼(zhao)澤(ze)植被為(wei)(wei)主，有(you)(you)高等植物332種，隸(li)屬(shu)45科，124屬(shu)，野生動物197種，隸(li)屬(shu)21目(mu)(mu)(mu)，45科。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)護野生動物11種。洮(tao)(tao)河(he)源(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)2類6型，即河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)類包(bao)括(kuo)永久(jiu)性河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)季節性河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)；沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)類包(bao)括(kuo)沼(zhao)澤(ze)化草(cao)甸(dian)、蘚類沼(zhao)澤(ze)、草(cao)本(ben)(ben)沼(zhao)澤(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)。青海(hai)洮(tao)(tao)河(he)源(yuan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園自(zi)申(shen)請國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園試(shi)點以來(lai)，經多(duo)方(fang)(fang)籌措(cuo)資金，實(shi)施了(le)一系(xi)列(lie)生態恢復和(he)保(bao)護項目(mu)(mu)(mu)，總投(tou)資達5711.73萬元。目(mu)(mu)(mu)前項目(mu)(mu)(mu)已基本(ben)(ben)完成，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路、通訊(xun)暢通，設有(you)(you)界樁、導覽(lan)圖、各類標(biao)識等，基礎(chu)設施齊(qi)全，達到了(le)預(yu)期建設效果。