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基本介紹

青海洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)國家濕地公園位于河(he)(he)南縣(xian)賽爾龍鄉(xiang)中(zhong)部，總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)383.93平方公里，濕地面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)13820公頃，占全區總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)36%。洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)(上游藏名碌曲)為(wei)黃河(he)(he)一級(ji)支流(liu)(liu)，發源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于境內(nei)東南部李(li)恰如(ru)山(shan)(shan)與莫爾藏阿(a)米山(shan)(shan)之間(jian)的(de)代(dai)富(fu)桑(sang)溝，源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭海拔3700米。濕地公園境內(nei)流(liu)(liu)程23.50公里，河(he)(he)段落差400米。洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)濕地區可劃分為(wei)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)濕地和沼澤(ze)(ze)濕地2類(lei)，包括：永久(jiu)性(xing)(xing)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)、季節性(xing)(xing)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)，沼澤(ze)(ze)化草甸(dian)、蘚類(lei)沼澤(ze)(ze)、草本沼澤(ze)(ze)和灌(guan)叢(cong)沼澤(ze)(ze)等(deng)(deng)6型。洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)濕地是(shi)青藏高(gao)原高(gao)寒濕地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統的(de)典型代(dai)表。公園內(nei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐富(fu)，擁(yong)有高(gao)等(deng)(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)324種(zhong)(zhong)，野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)191種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)：有2種(zhong)(zhong)國家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)黑(hei)頸鶴(he)、金雕；有11種(zhong)(zhong)國家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)大天鵝(e)、鳶、雀鷹等(deng)(deng)；有15種(zhong)(zhong)省級(ji)重點保(bao)護野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)艾虎、普(pu)通鸕鶿、灰(hui)雁等(deng)(deng)；而(er)且每(mei)年有大量的(de)白(bai)鶴(he)、鷺(lu)鷥等(deng)(deng)珍禽來(lai)此棲息。

洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)源(yuan)(yuan)國家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于賽爾龍(long)鄉境內，東(dong)鄰甘肅(su)省碌曲縣(xian)，西接優(you)干寧鎮，南(nan)倚托葉瑪鄉、柯生(sheng)鄉，北靠(kao)甘肅(su)省夏河(he)(he)縣(xian)，地(di)(di)(di)勢總(zong)(zong)體是東(dong)南(nan)高、西北低，大(da)部分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)區海拔均(jun)在(zai)3500米以上(shang)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規劃(hua)面積38393公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，區域內有(you)河(he)(he)流(liu)、草(cao)甸(dian)、高山、冰川、森林、草(cao)原，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面積為(wei)13820公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)率達(da)36%。氣候(hou)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型為(wei)為(wei)高原大(da)陸性(xing)(xing)氣候(hou)，屬(shu)(shu)高原亞寒帶(dai)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)氣候(hou)區，年均(jun)降水量597.1～615.5毫米。是黃(huang)河(he)(he)第二大(da)支流(liu)洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)的發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)，平均(jun)流(liu)量13.10立方米/秒，在(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內流(liu)程(cheng)為(wei)23.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)植(zhi)被以高山草(cao)甸(dian)、沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)植(zhi)被為(wei)主，有(you)高等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)332種(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)45科，124屬(shu)(shu)，野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)197種(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)21目，45科。國家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)11種(zhong)。洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)源(yuan)(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)分(fen)為(wei)2類(lei)(lei)(lei)6型，即河(he)(he)流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)。河(he)(he)流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)(lei)(lei)包括永久性(xing)(xing)河(he)(he)流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和季(ji)節性(xing)(xing)河(he)(he)流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)；沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)(lei)(lei)包括沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)化草(cao)甸(dian)、蘚(xian)類(lei)(lei)(lei)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、草(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)。青海洮(tao)(tao)河(he)(he)源(yuan)(yuan)國家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自申請國家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)試點以來(lai)，經多方籌措資金(jin)，實施了一系列生(sheng)態恢復和保(bao)護項目，總(zong)(zong)投(tou)資達(da)5711.73萬(wan)元。目前項目已基(ji)本(ben)完成(cheng)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)、通(tong)訊暢通(tong)，設有(you)界樁(zhuang)、導覽(lan)圖、各類(lei)(lei)(lei)標識等(deng)，基(ji)礎(chu)設施齊(qi)全，達(da)到(dao)了預期建設效果(guo)。