簡介
1941年12月,華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)威爾(er)考克斯海(hai)軍少將的(de)旗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),指揮第六戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)分艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)和大西(xi)(xi)洋戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)編隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)。1942年4月4日,華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)加入(ru)英(ying)國本土艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),與英(ying)國戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)起(qi)護送(song)船隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui),將戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭物資送(song)往摩爾(er)曼斯克。 1942年9月15日,華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)抵達(da)17特(te)混(hun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)在(zai)太平洋上(shang)的(de)集(ji)結(jie)地,加入(ru)以大黃蜂號(hao)(hao)航空母艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)核心(xin)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗群。在(zai)第四次(ci)薩沃(wo)島海(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中,華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)和霧島號(hao)(hao)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)太平洋戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場上(shang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)第一(yi)次(ci)交戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)借助雷達(da)的(de)指引,在(zai)7分鐘內發射了75發406毫米(mi)主炮(pao)(pao)炮(pao)(pao)彈(dan)和107發127毫米(mi)副炮(pao)(pao)炮(pao)(pao)彈(dan),射程(cheng)在(zai)12650碼到8400碼之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。據統計,其中至少有(you)9發主炮(pao)(pao)炮(pao)(pao)彈(dan)和40發副炮(pao)(pao)炮(pao)(pao)彈(dan)命中目標,敵方戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)火(huo)力被迅速壓制(zhi)。華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)在(zai)整(zheng)個第二次(ci)世界大戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)期間(jian)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗經(jing)歷(li)從北極圈一(yi)直延續到西(xi)(xi)太平洋,她一(yi)共得到15枚戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)星(xing)獎(jiang)章。
簡史
華盛頓號戰列(lie)艦1938年(nian)6月14日開工,1941年(nian)5月服役。
太平洋(yang)戰爭爆發后(hou),1942年(nian),“北卡(ka)羅來納”號(hao)與“華盛頓(dun)”號(hao)相(xiang)繼加入美國海軍太平洋(yang)艦(jian)隊。
1942年11月14日“華(hua)盛頓”號(hao)在瓜達爾(er)卡(ka)(ka)納爾(er)島(dao)海域(yu)的夜戰(zhan)中,利(li)用雷達的引(yin)導擊沉日本(ben)海軍“霧島(dao)”號(hao)戰(zhan)列艦(jian)。1944年“華(hua)盛頓”號(hao)在一次(ci)碰撞事故中艦(jian)艏撞毀并更(geng)換了新艦(jian)艏。在太平(ping)洋戰(zhan)爭期間北卡(ka)(ka)羅來納級兩艦(jian)參加(jia)了大(da)(da)部分重大(da)(da)戰(zhan)斗活動,主要為航(hang)空母(mu)艦(jian)提供掩護與支援兩棲登陸作戰(zhan),參加(jia)了進攻吉爾(er)貝特(te)群島(dao)、馬紹爾(er)群島(dao)、馬里亞納群島(dao)、關島(dao)、硫磺島(dao)、日本(ben)本(ben)土諸島(dao)的戰(zhan)役。
“華盛頓”號于1960年拆毀。
設備參數
性能數據
標(biao)準排(pai)水量:36600噸(1942年);滿(man)載排(pai)水量:46700噸(1945年)
艦(jian)長222米(mi);最(zui)大艦(jian)寬(kuan)33米(mi);平(ping)均(jun)吃水9.6米(mi),最(zui)大吃水10.5米(mi)
動力(li):8臺(tai)鍋爐,4臺(tai)復(fu)式減(jian)速齒輪(lun)傳(chuan)動蒸(zheng)汽輪(lun)機(ji),主機(ji)輸出功率:121,000軸(zhou)馬(ma)力(li).
最大航速:28節;續航力(li):16450海里/15節,5560海里/25節
武備(bei):3座(zuo)三聯裝406毫米/45倍徑主炮(pao),10座(zuo)雙(shuang)聯裝127毫米高平兩用炮(pao)(每(mei)舷(xian)5座(zuo)),1942年該級(ji)艦開始改裝40毫米“博(bo)福(fu)斯”高炮(pao)30門和20毫米“厄利孔”高炮(pao)40門
裝甲(jia)(英寸):水線12;隔艙11;炮塔正面(mian)16,頂和側面(mian)7-9;司令(ling)塔16-14;甲(jia)板7.7,主甲(jia)板1.45-0.6。裝甲(jia)總重14,350噸。
艦(jian)員:設(she)計編(bian)制1885人(ren)(其中(zhong):軍官108人(ren),士兵1777人(ren))
載機:3架水上(shang)飛機。
雷(lei)達(da)(da):1座Mark27微波(bo)雷(lei)達(da)(da),3座Mark3主(zhu)炮(pao)火控雷(lei)達(da)(da)
火力配備
“華盛頓”號原先計劃安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)3座(zuo)四聯裝(zhuang)(zhuang)12門(men)356毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)口徑(jing)主炮,始(shi)建(jian)后又改用3座(zuo)三聯裝(zhuang)(zhuang)9門(men)406毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/45倍口徑(jing)主炮。每座(zuo)炮塔的旋轉重量為1437噸(dun)。副炮為10座(zuo)雙聯裝(zhuang)(zhuang)127毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)平(ping)兩用炮(每舷(xian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)5座(zuo)),其中6座(zuo)配置(zhi)在(zai)主甲(jia)板(ban)上(shang),另4座(zuo)配置(zhi)在(zai)上(shang)層(ceng)建(jian)筑甲(jia)板(ban)上(shang)。防空武(wu)器最初為4座(zuo)四聯裝(zhuang)(zhuang)28毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)主炮和12挺單(dan)管12.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)。但(dan)實踐(jian)證明,這兩種(zhong)輕型防空武(wu)器對高(gao)速(su)飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)效率不高(gao)。從1942年(nian)夏天(tian)起,該(gai)艦開始(shi)陸續(xu)改裝(zhuang)(zhuang)40毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)“博(bo)福斯(si)”高(gao)炮和20毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)“厄(e)利孔”高(gao)炮。到1945年(nian),艦上(shang)共(gong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有15座(zuo)四聯裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(60門(men))40毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)“博(bo)福斯(si)”高(gao)炮和36門(men)單(dan)管20毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)“厄(e)利孔”高(gao)炮,艦上(shang)的28毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)炮和12.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)機(ji)(ji)槍(qiang)全部(bu)拆(chai)除。“博(bo)福斯(si)”高(gao)炮炮彈發(fa)射(she)后通常可在(zai)大(da)約5000碼距離上(shang)自爆,最大(da)射(she)速(su)每門(men)炮約為120發(fa)/分(fen)鐘(zhong)。“厄(e)利孔”高(gao)炮的射(she)速(su)為450發(fa)/分(fen)鐘(zhong),最大(da)射(she)程4800碼。
裝甲防護
該級艦(jian)的(de)裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)區仍然按照(zhao)可抗御14英寸(cun)口(kou)徑(jing)炮(pao)彈(dan)的(de)標準建造,裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)總重14,350噸。艦(jian)上的(de)裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)甲(jia)(jia)板和舷側裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)將整個軍艦(jian)構成一個類似“裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)圍(wei)艙(cang)”的(de)匣式結構。它(ta)從1號炮(pao)塔前(qian)方縱(zong)向(xiang)延伸至3號炮(pao)塔后面(mian)。
舷(xian)側防(fang)(fang)護(hu):舷(xian)側主裝(zhuang)(zhuang)甲(jia)帶(dai)水線(xian)處(chu)最(zui)大(da)厚度12英寸(cun);該艦(jian)的(de)舷(xian)側防(fang)(fang)護(hu)系統(tong)是一(yi)種艦(jian)腹結構。根(gen)據設計要(yao)求,它能(neng)經受700磅(bang)TNT炸藥的(de)爆炸力。在舯(zhong)部(bu),舷(xian)側防(fang)(fang)護(hu)系統(tong)包(bao)括(kuo)五(wu)層(ceng)隔艙(cang)(cang),其(qi)中最(zui)外(wai)側二(er)層(ceng)隔艙(cang)(cang)是空(kong)艙(cang)(cang),其(qi)次二(er)層(ceng)隔艙(cang)(cang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有液體,鄰近耐壓艙(cang)(cang)壁的(de)一(yi)層(ceng)隔艙(cang)(cang)也是空(kong)艙(cang)(cang)。在彈藥艙(cang)(cang)上(shang)方的(de)耐壓艙(cang)(cang)壁是由厚達(da)93.76毫米(mi)的(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)甲(jia)鋼板(ban)制成。
甲(jia)板(ban)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)甲(jia):舯部中線處為(wei)179毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米,舯部舷邊(bian)處為(wei)196毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米。下裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)甲(jia)甲(jia)板(ban)從“匣式結構(gou)”向后延伸,防護(hu)(hu)著通(tong)(tong)向艙(cang)機艙(cang)的通(tong)(tong)道,舵機的正上方(fang)由152毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)甲(jia)列(lie)板(ban)防護(hu)(hu)著。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)甲(jia)區的兩端都由277.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)甲(jia)橫艙(cang)壁防護(hu)(hu),另有(you)同樣厚度的重裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)甲(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)著舵機艙(cang)。
炮(pao)(pao)塔(ta)裝甲防護(hu)(hu):主炮(pao)(pao)有著良好(hao)的(de)(de)裝甲防護(hu)(hu),炮(pao)(pao)塔(ta)的(de)(de)面板為(wei)(wei)406毫米(mi)厚(hou),側面為(wei)(wei)247.5毫米(mi)厚(hou),后部為(wei)(wei)295毫米(mi)厚(hou),頂部為(wei)(wei)175毫米(mi)厚(hou)。127毫米(mi)和彈(dan)藥艙均由48.75毫米(mi)的(de)(de)特制鋼(gang)板防護(hu)(hu),可(ke)抗御彈(dan)片和飛(fei)機的(de)(de)掃(sao)射。
指揮塔裝甲(jia)防護(hu):其四(si)周裝甲(jia)厚度(du)為(wei)367.5毫(hao)米(mi)至406毫(hao)米(mi),頂(ding)部裝甲(jia)厚度(du)為(wei)175毫(hao)米(mi),底部裝甲(jia)厚度(du)為(wei)97.5毫(hao)米(mi)。
艦(jian)底(di)(di)防護:采用深達175.26毫米的三層(ceng)艦(jian)底(di)(di)結構,三層(ceng)艦(jian)底(di)(di)又(you)廣泛地進行分離。
推進裝置
“華盛頓”號(hao)裝(zhuang)有(you)8臺(tai)鍋爐,它們分別安裝(zhuang)在4個艙室中;4軸(zhou);4臺(tai)復式減速齒輪傳(chuan)動渦輪機,輸出功率為121000軸(zhou)馬力(li),最(zui)大航(hang)(hang)速為28節(1941年(nian))。續(xu)航(hang)(hang)力(li)通常為16230海里(15節航(hang)(hang)速)。二戰期間由于當時(shi)有(you)效的(de)途中加油(you)(you)和補給技術,其續(xu)航(hang)(hang)能力(li)得到了極大加強。艦上油(you)(you)箱裝(zhuang)載能力(li):燃料油(you)(you)為7167.2噸(dun)(1945年(nian)),柴油(you)(you)677.1噸(dun),汽油(you)(you)22.1噸(dun)。
戎馬一生
早年經歷
1942年早期(qi)作為第39主力(li)艦(jian)隊駐扎在英國本土,并(bing)且和英國戰(zhan)列艦(jian)喬治五世號一起完成到(dao)摩(mo)爾(er)曼(man)斯克(ke)的護(hu)航任務(wu)。期(qi)間(jian)還有一段軼聞(wen):1942年3月當華(hua)盛頓號還在大西洋(yang)艦(jian)隊執(zhi)行護(hu)航任務(wu)時,可能因風浪(lang)太(tai)大,分艦(jian)隊司(si)令(ling)威爾(er)考克(ke)斯海(hai)軍(jun)少(shao)將掉進(jin)海(hai)里溺斃。1942年奉(feng)命(ming)加入太(tai)平洋(yang)戰(zhan)場,并(bing)且在那(nei)里參加了34個月的各種(zhong)戰(zhan)役。
1942年上(shang)半年,日(ri)軍在太平洋(yang)(yang)戰(zhan)場橫行無忌,日(ri)、美雙方(fang)戰(zhan)斗激(ji)烈,它(ta)本應早(zao)日(ri)開赴遠(yuan)東戰(zhan)場,但當時由于(yu)害怕北大西洋(yang)(yang)運輸(shu)線遭受德國戰(zhan)列艦“提(ti)爾皮茨(ci)”號的襲擊,致使它(ta)在北大西洋(yang)(yang)海域(yu)作為威懾力量又(you)呆了數月之久,于(yu)1942年6月10日(ri)駛入太平洋(yang)(yang)。
1942年(nian)11月14日(ri)(ri)在(zai)瓜島(dao)戰(zhan)役中(zhong),它作(zuo)為威利斯 A 李海(hai)軍(jun)少將(Rear Admiral Willis A Lee)指揮的(de)第64特(te)混編隊的(de)旗艦(jian)(jian),在(zai)瓜島(dao)海(hai)戰(zhan)(第四次(ci)(ci)薩沃島(dao)海(hai)戰(zhan))中(zhong),與日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)霧(wu)島(dao)號(Kirishima)單挑,并(bing)成功地擊沉了(le)對(dui)方,這在(zai)美軍(jun)的(de)歷史上是(shi)第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)也是(shi)唯一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)與敵艦(jian)(jian)單挑時(shi)擊沉對(dui)方同級別軍(jun)艦(jian)(jian)的(de)戰(zhan)例。同時(shi),在(zai)同一(yi)(yi)場戰(zhan)斗中(zhong)華盛頓號還(huan)擊沉了(le)日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)驅逐艦(jian)(jian)綾波號(Ayanami),并(bing)在(zai)擊沉霧(wu)島(dao)號的(de)同時(shi)又擊傷了(le)日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)重巡(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)愛宕號(Atago)和高雄號(Takao),迫使日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)炮擊編隊狼狽撤(che)退(tui)。
擊沉霧島
李少(shao)將(jiang)指揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)第64特混編隊(dui),兵力(li)(li)(li)編成是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2艘(sou)戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),包括旗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)華(hua)盛(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)南(nan)達(da)(da)(da)科他(ta)(ta)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(BB-57 South Dakota),4艘(sou)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(沃(wo)(wo)爾克號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、普雷(lei)(lei)斯(si)(si)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、格溫號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和本(ben)(ben)哈(ha)姆號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao))。1942年11月14日(ri)(ri)天黑(hei)后(hou),李就率領他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)駛過(guo)(guo)(guo)鐵底(di)灣(wan),前(qian)往埃斯(si)(si)佩蘭斯(si)(si)角,當(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)鐵底(di)灣(wan)時(shi),海(hai)底(di)下大量沉(chen)(chen)沒(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)鐵殘骸(hai)強烈干擾了(le)(le)(le)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)羅盤,磁性羅盤的(de)(de)(de)(de)指針(zhen)不停地來(lai)回亂擺,瓜(gua)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)上(shang)吹來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陣(zhen)陣(zhen)涼風,不再(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)像(xiang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)那(nei)樣彌漫著(zhu)熱帶植物腐爛所引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)令人作嘔的(de)(de)(de)(de)惡(e)臭,而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)散發(fa)(fa)(fa)著(zhu)金銀花的(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)味。這可是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)來(lai)沒(mei)(mei)有過(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)很多(duo)人都認為這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種吉兆:勝利(li)在(zai)望的(de)(de)(de)(de)預兆。美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隊(dui)形(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)4艘(sou)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為前(qian)導,2艘(sou)戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)后(hou),單(dan)縱(zong)列魚(yu)貫(guan)而行(xing),從(cong)(cong)薩(sa)沃(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)東(dong)南(nan)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)。當(dang)美(mei)(mei)(mei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)從(cong)(cong)薩(sa)沃(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)北水道進入鐵底(di)灣(wan)時(shi),被日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)橋(qiao)本(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)隊(dui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian),日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)便從(cong)(cong)后(hou)追(zhui)趕,李少(shao)將(jiang)推(tui)算日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)在(zai)二十三(san)時(shi)左右(you)到(dao)來(lai),就率領美(mei)(mei)(mei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)繞著(zhu)薩(sa)沃(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)巡邏,嚴陣(zhen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)待,當(dang)從(cong)(cong)薩(sa)沃(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)東(dong)南(nan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向西面(mian)航(hang)行(xing)時(shi),李少(shao)將(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)華(hua)盛(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)達(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)橋(qiao)本(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)隊(dui),李隨(sui)即(ji)下令向西轉(zhuan)(zhuan)舵(duo),橫在(zai)日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)航(hang)線上(shang),作好迎(ying)戰(zhan)(zhan)準備,橋(qiao)本(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)隊(dui)分(fen)(fen)兩路發(fa)(fa)(fa)起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)攻(gong)擊(ji),一路是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)川內(nei)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)輕巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和敷波(bo)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、浦波(bo)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),從(cong)(cong)薩(sa)沃(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)東(dong)面(mian)進攻(gong),另一路是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綾(ling)波(bo)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),從(cong)(cong)薩(sa)沃(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西面(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)偷襲。日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)還以(yi)(yi)(yi)為美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)不過(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組成的(de)(de)(de)(de),川內(nei)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)自(zi)不量力(li)(li)(li)向美(mei)(mei)(mei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)逼(bi)近,直(zhi)到(dao)美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)406毫(hao)米重(zhong)炮的(de)(de)(de)(de)炮彈(dan)落在(zai)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)旁(pang)邊(bian)掀起(qi)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)水柱,這才意(yi)識到(dao)美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)根(gen)本(ben)(ben)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)強大的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),橋(qiao)本(ben)(ben)一面(mian)向近藤報告,一面(mian)下令施(shi)放煙(yan)幕,帶著(zhu)三(san)艘(sou)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)急速撤退。而綾(ling)波(bo)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)就沒(mei)(mei)那(nei)么幸運(yun)了(le)(le)(le),美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)雷(lei)(lei)達(da)(da)(da)早已發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)動(dong)(dong),迅速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)火力(li)(li)(li),對它(ta)進行(xing)集中射(she)擊(ji),綾(ling)波(bo)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)接連中彈(dan),引起(qi)兩次爆炸(zha)后(hou)沉(chen)(chen)沒(mei)(mei)。這時(shi),日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)木(mu)村編隊(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)五艘(sou)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也從(cong)(cong)薩(sa)沃(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西側駛來(lai),這五艘(sou)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)緊靠(kao)著(zhu)薩(sa)沃(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)航(hang)行(xing),巧妙隱蔽(bi)在(zai)薩(sa)沃(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)達(da)(da)(da)回波(bo)中,沒(mei)(mei)被美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)雷(lei)(lei)達(da)(da)(da)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian),突(tu)然向美(mei)(mei)(mei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)開(kai)火,并發(fa)(fa)(fa)射(she)魚(yu)雷(lei)(lei),美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)前(qian)衛(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四艘(sou)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被打(da)了(le)(le)(le)個措手(shou)不及(ji)(ji),還來(lai)不及(ji)(ji)做出反應,沃(wo)(wo)爾克號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和普雷(lei)(lei)斯(si)(si)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)就被擊(ji)沉(chen)(chen),格溫號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和本(ben)(ben)哈(ha)姆號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)則受到(dao)重(zhong)創,失(shi)(shi)去(qu)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)力(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)華(hua)盛(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)向左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向,南(nan)達(da)(da)(da)科他(ta)(ta)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)向右(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向,以(yi)(yi)(yi)避開(kai)前(qian)面(mian)失(shi)(shi)去(qu)控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這就使美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩艘(sou)戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)無(wu)奈中分(fen)(fen)散開(kai),陷入各自(zi)為戰(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)被動(dong)(dong)局面(mian)。
原本近藤以(yi)為(wei)橋本和(he)(he)(he)木村兩支分隊(dui)對付(fu)美軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)(he)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)編隊(dui)是綽綽有余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)自己率領(ling)本隊(dui)和(he)(he)(he)另外兩艘(sou)(sou)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)薩沃島西(xi)北(bei)巡航(hang),全(quan)力(li)準(zhun)備炮(pao)(pao)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)機(ji)場而并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是投入海戰。但當得到(dao)發現美軍(jun)(jun)(jun)戰列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)報告后(hou),才急忙趕來參(can)戰。日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)首先用(yong)探照(zhao)燈(deng)照(zhao)住南(nan)達(da)(da)科他(ta)(ta)號(hao)(hao)(hao),立即使用(yong)魚(yu)(yu)雷(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)(he)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)炮(pao)(pao)進行(xing)集(ji)中(zhong)攻擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),南(nan)達(da)(da)科他(ta)(ta)號(hao)(hao)(hao)正(zheng)巧電路發生故障,炮(pao)(pao)塔失(shi)去動(dong)力(li)無(wu)法(fa)開火,全(quan)靠靈(ling)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)動(dong)才躲(duo)過了(le)(le)(le)魚(yu)(yu)雷(lei)(lei)攻擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),卻被多發大口徑炮(pao)(pao)彈(dan)(dan)命(ming)中(zhong),上層建筑被打得面目全(quan)非(fei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)向西(xi)南(nan)撤退(tui)。這樣(yang),李(li)(li)就剩下了(le)(le)(le)旗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)一艘(sou)(sou)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),盡管以(yi)寡(gua)敵眾,但李(li)(li)毫(hao)(hao)(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)畏(wei)懼,憑借著(zhu)性能優異的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)達(da)(da),華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)準(zhun)確測(ce)定了(le)(le)(le)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi),隨即在(zai)(zai)雷(lei)(lei)達(da)(da)指引下實(shi)施(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)(le)精確射擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)霧(wu)(wu)島號(hao)(hao)(hao)戰列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)短短七分鐘里就被擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)九發406毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)炮(pao)(pao)彈(dan)(dan)和(he)(he)(he)四十發127毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)炮(pao)(pao)彈(dan)(dan),船艙多處(chu)起火,舵(duo)機(ji)失(shi)靈(ling),很快喪(sang)失(shi)了(le)(le)(le)戰斗力(li)。華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)在(zai)(zai)以(yi)全(quan)部406毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)主炮(pao)(pao)和(he)(he)(he)部分127毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)副炮(pao)(pao)轟擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)霧(wu)(wu)島號(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),還以(yi)部分127毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)副炮(pao)(pao)轟擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其他(ta)(ta)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)重巡洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)愛宕號(hao)(hao)(hao)和(he)(he)(he)高雄(xiong)號(hao)(hao)(hao)都被擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)傷,為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)把南(nan)達(da)(da)科他(ta)(ta)號(hao)(hao)(hao)附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)引開,李(li)(li)指揮華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)先向西(xi)北(bei)航(hang)行(xing),日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)其右后(hou)方(fang)追(zhui)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一段(duan)時(shi)間后(hou),近藤見美艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)炮(pao)(pao)火非(fei)常兇猛難以(yi)取得勝(sheng)利,主力(li)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)霧(wu)(wu)島號(hao)(hao)(hao)又受(shou)到(dao)重創,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)放(fang)棄炮(pao)(pao)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)機(ji)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)計劃,于15日(ri)(ri)凌晨三時(shi)下令(ling)施(shi)(shi)放(fang)煙幕退(tui)出(chu)戰斗。李(li)(li)緊(jin)追(zhui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)舍,直到(dao)日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)回過頭來向他(ta)(ta)發射魚(yu)(yu)雷(lei)(lei),已經沒(mei)(mei)有驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)掩(yan)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)李(li)(li)才折(zhe)回去與南(nan)達(da)(da)科他(ta)(ta)號(hao)(hao)(hao)會合,掩(yan)護(hu)南(nan)達(da)(da)科他(ta)(ta)號(hao)(hao)(hao)撲滅大火,搶修破損。霧(wu)(wu)島號(hao)(hao)(hao)因為(wei)舵(duo)機(ji)失(shi)靈(ling),傷勢嚴重,無(wu)法(fa)跟隨近藤撤退(tui),又擔心天亮后(hou)遭(zao)到(dao)美軍(jun)(jun)(jun)飛(fei)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)攻擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),就在(zai)(zai)15日(ri)(ri)凌晨1時(shi)23分打開海底閥(fa)自沉。這是太(tai)平(ping)洋(yang)戰爭(zheng)唯一一次由1艘(sou)(sou)戰列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)獨力(li)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)沉敵方(fang)戰列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰例(li)。日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朝云(yun)號(hao)(hao)(hao)驅(qu)逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也因傷勢太(tai)重而沉沒(mei)(mei)。
傳奇戰艦
隨后,華盛(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)單獨在日本水(shui)域巡邏(luo)長達5周,這在太平洋戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場(chang)也是(shi)僅此一(yi)例。華盛(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)還創造(zao)了(le)連(lian)續航行(xing)79天,31494英(ying)里(li)的(de)記錄,在此期(qi)間,它(ta)給別的(de)驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)油(you)59次,自身加(jia)(jia)油(you)16次。在海(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),它(ta)共擊沉了(le)一(yi)艘(sou)(sou)(sou)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、一(yi)艘(sou)(sou)(sou)驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)、一(yi)艘(sou)(sou)(sou)加(jia)(jia)油(you)船和(he)數艘(sou)(sou)(sou)運輸船,它(ta)在戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單獨擊沉敵(di)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)總噸位比美(mei)國(guo)海(hai)軍的(de)其(qi)他任何戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)都多。在海(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),它(ta)還擊落了(le)12架敵(di)機,參(can)與轟炸10座島(dao)嶼(yu),被空襲53次。在整個二戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),它(ta)航行(xing)另(ling)外289609英(ying)里(li),發射了(le)3535枚(mei)16英(ying)寸(cun)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)彈、28063枚(mei)5英(ying)寸(cun)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)彈和(he)超過350000枚(mei)20mm機關炮(pao)(pao)(pao)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)彈。戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)結束時到達Puget南海(hai)軍基(ji)地。在戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)它(ta)獲(huo)得了(le)15枚(mei)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗之星勛章,并且沒有一(yi)人戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗死(si)亡。華盛(sheng)頓(dun)號(hao)(hao)是(shi)美(mei)軍戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)功勛最為卓著的(de)。