簡介
1941年12月,華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓號(hao)成為(wei)威爾考克斯海(hai)軍少(shao)將的(de)(de)(de)旗(qi)艦(jian)(jian),指(zhi)揮第(di)六戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)分艦(jian)(jian)隊(dui)和(he)(he)大(da)西(xi)洋(yang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)編隊(dui)。1942年4月4日,華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓號(hao)加(jia)入英(ying)國(guo)本土艦(jian)(jian)隊(dui),與英(ying)國(guo)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)一起護(hu)送船隊(dui),將戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)物資送往(wang)摩爾曼(man)斯克。 1942年9月15日,華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓號(hao)抵達17特混艦(jian)(jian)隊(dui)在(zai)太(tai)平洋(yang)上的(de)(de)(de)集結地,加(jia)入以大(da)黃蜂號(hao)航空母艦(jian)(jian)為(wei)核心的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)(dou)群。在(zai)第(di)四次(ci)薩沃島(dao)海(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong),華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓號(hao)和(he)(he)霧島(dao)號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)(dou)成為(wei)太(tai)平洋(yang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場上戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一次(ci)交戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓號(hao)借(jie)助雷達的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)引,在(zai)7分鐘內發射了(le)75發406毫米主炮(pao)炮(pao)彈和(he)(he)107發127毫米副炮(pao)炮(pao)彈,射程在(zai)12650碼到(dao)8400碼之間(jian)(jian)。據統計,其中(zhong)至少(shao)有9發主炮(pao)炮(pao)彈和(he)(he)40發副炮(pao)炮(pao)彈命中(zhong)目標(biao),敵(di)方戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)艦(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)火力被(bei)迅速壓制。華盛(sheng)(sheng)頓號(hao)在(zai)整個第(di)二次(ci)世界大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)期間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)(dou)經(jing)歷從北極圈一直延續到(dao)西(xi)太(tai)平洋(yang),她一共得到(dao)15枚(mei)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)星獎章。
簡史
華盛頓號戰(zhan)列艦(jian)1938年6月14日開工,1941年5月服役。
太平洋(yang)(yang)戰爭(zheng)爆發后,1942年,“北卡羅來(lai)納(na)”號與“華盛頓”號相(xiang)繼加入(ru)美國海軍太平洋(yang)(yang)艦隊。
1942年11月14日(ri)(ri)“華盛(sheng)頓”號在(zai)瓜達(da)爾(er)卡納(na)爾(er)島(dao)(dao)海域的(de)夜戰(zhan)中,利用雷達(da)的(de)引(yin)導擊沉日(ri)(ri)本海軍“霧島(dao)(dao)”號戰(zhan)列艦(jian)。1944年“華盛(sheng)頓”號在(zai)一次碰(peng)撞(zhuang)事故中艦(jian)艏撞(zhuang)毀(hui)并更換了(le)新艦(jian)艏。在(zai)太平洋(yang)戰(zhan)爭期間北卡羅來納(na)級(ji)兩艦(jian)參加(jia)了(le)大(da)部分重大(da)戰(zhan)斗活動(dong),主要(yao)為航空母(mu)艦(jian)提供掩護與支援兩棲登(deng)陸作戰(zhan),參加(jia)了(le)進攻吉(ji)爾(er)貝特群島(dao)(dao)、馬紹爾(er)群島(dao)(dao)、馬里亞納(na)群島(dao)(dao)、關島(dao)(dao)、硫磺島(dao)(dao)、日(ri)(ri)本本土諸島(dao)(dao)的(de)戰(zhan)役。
“華盛頓”號于1960年拆毀。
設備參數
性能數據
標(biao)準排水量(liang):36600噸(1942年);滿載排水量(liang):46700噸(1945年)
艦(jian)長(chang)222米(mi);最大(da)艦(jian)寬33米(mi);平(ping)均吃水(shui)9.6米(mi),最大(da)吃水(shui)10.5米(mi)
動力:8臺鍋(guo)爐,4臺復(fu)式減速齒輪傳動蒸汽輪機,主機輸出(chu)功率:121,000軸馬力.
最大航速:28節(jie);續航力:16450海里(li)/15節(jie),5560海里(li)/25節(jie)
武備:3座(zuo)(zuo)三聯(lian)(lian)裝(zhuang)406毫米(mi)(mi)/45倍徑主炮(pao),10座(zuo)(zuo)雙聯(lian)(lian)裝(zhuang)127毫米(mi)(mi)高(gao)平兩用炮(pao)(每舷5座(zuo)(zuo)),1942年該級(ji)艦開始(shi)改裝(zhuang)40毫米(mi)(mi)“博(bo)福(fu)斯”高(gao)炮(pao)30門(men)和20毫米(mi)(mi)“厄利孔(kong)”高(gao)炮(pao)40門(men)
裝甲(英寸):水線12;隔艙11;炮塔(ta)(ta)正面(mian)16,頂和(he)側(ce)面(mian)7-9;司令塔(ta)(ta)16-14;甲板7.7,主甲板1.45-0.6。裝甲總重(zhong)14,350噸。
艦(jian)員:設計編(bian)制1885人(其中:軍官108人,士兵1777人)
載(zai)機:3架(jia)水上飛機。
雷(lei)(lei)達:1座Mark27微波雷(lei)(lei)達,3座Mark3主炮火控雷(lei)(lei)達
火力配備
“華盛頓”號原先計劃安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)3座四聯(lian)(lian)(lian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)12門(men)356毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)口(kou)(kou)徑主炮(pao)(pao),始建(jian)后又改用3座三(san)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)9門(men)406毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/45倍(bei)口(kou)(kou)徑主炮(pao)(pao)。每座炮(pao)(pao)塔(ta)的(de)旋轉重量為(wei)1437噸。副(fu)炮(pao)(pao)為(wei)10座雙聯(lian)(lian)(lian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)127毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)平兩用炮(pao)(pao)(每舷安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)5座),其(qi)中6座配(pei)置(zhi)在主甲板(ban)上(shang)(shang),另(ling)4座配(pei)置(zhi)在上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)建(jian)筑甲板(ban)上(shang)(shang)。防空(kong)武(wu)器最(zui)初為(wei)4座四聯(lian)(lian)(lian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)28毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)主炮(pao)(pao)和12挺單管12.7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)機槍。但實踐證明,這兩種輕型防空(kong)武(wu)器對高(gao)速飛機效率(lv)不高(gao)。從1942年夏天起,該艦(jian)開始陸續改裝(zhuang)(zhuang)40毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)“博福斯(si)”高(gao)炮(pao)(pao)和20毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)“厄(e)利(li)孔(kong)(kong)”高(gao)炮(pao)(pao)。到1945年,艦(jian)上(shang)(shang)共裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有15座四聯(lian)(lian)(lian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(60門(men))40毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)“博福斯(si)”高(gao)炮(pao)(pao)和36門(men)單管20毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)“厄(e)利(li)孔(kong)(kong)”高(gao)炮(pao)(pao),艦(jian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)28毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)炮(pao)(pao)和12.7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)機槍全部拆除。“博福斯(si)”高(gao)炮(pao)(pao)炮(pao)(pao)彈發(fa)射(she)后通常(chang)可在大(da)約5000碼(ma)距離(li)上(shang)(shang)自爆,最(zui)大(da)射(she)速每門(men)炮(pao)(pao)約為(wei)120發(fa)/分(fen)鐘。“厄(e)利(li)孔(kong)(kong)”高(gao)炮(pao)(pao)的(de)射(she)速為(wei)450發(fa)/分(fen)鐘,最(zui)大(da)射(she)程4800碼(ma)。
裝甲防護
該(gai)級艦的裝(zhuang)甲(jia)區仍然(ran)按(an)照(zhao)可抗御14英(ying)寸(cun)口徑炮(pao)彈的標準(zhun)建造,裝(zhuang)甲(jia)總重14,350噸。艦上的裝(zhuang)甲(jia)甲(jia)板(ban)和舷側裝(zhuang)甲(jia)將整個(ge)軍艦構成一個(ge)類(lei)似“裝(zhuang)甲(jia)圍艙”的匣式結構。它從1號炮(pao)塔前方縱向延伸至3號炮(pao)塔后(hou)面。
舷(xian)側防護(hu):舷(xian)側主裝(zhuang)甲帶水線處最(zui)大厚度(du)12英(ying)寸;該艦(jian)的(de)(de)舷(xian)側防護(hu)系(xi)統是(shi)一種艦(jian)腹結(jie)構。根據設計要(yao)求,它能經受(shou)700磅TNT炸藥的(de)(de)爆炸力。在舯部,舷(xian)側防護(hu)系(xi)統包括五層隔艙(cang),其中最(zui)外側二層隔艙(cang)是(shi)空(kong)(kong)艙(cang),其次二層隔艙(cang)裝(zhuang)有液體,鄰近(jin)耐壓艙(cang)壁的(de)(de)一層隔艙(cang)也是(shi)空(kong)(kong)艙(cang)。在彈藥艙(cang)上(shang)方的(de)(de)耐壓艙(cang)壁是(shi)由厚達(da)93.76毫米(mi)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)甲鋼板制成。
甲(jia)(jia)(jia)板裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia):舯部中(zhong)線處為179毫(hao)米(mi),舯部舷邊處為196毫(hao)米(mi)。下裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)板從“匣(xia)式結構”向后延伸(shen),防(fang)護著通(tong)(tong)向艙機艙的(de)通(tong)(tong)道,舵機的(de)正上方由152毫(hao)米(mi)裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)列板防(fang)護著。裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)區的(de)兩端(duan)都由277.5毫(hao)米(mi)的(de)裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)橫艙壁(bi)防(fang)護,另有同(tong)樣厚(hou)度的(de)重裝(zhuang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)保(bao)護著舵機艙。
炮塔裝甲(jia)防護:主炮有著(zhu)良好的裝甲(jia)防護,炮塔的面(mian)板(ban)為406毫(hao)米(mi)厚,側面(mian)為247.5毫(hao)米(mi)厚,后部為295毫(hao)米(mi)厚,頂部為175毫(hao)米(mi)厚。127毫(hao)米(mi)和彈藥(yao)艙(cang)均(jun)由48.75毫(hao)米(mi)的特制鋼板(ban)防護,可抗御彈片和飛(fei)機的掃射。
指(zhi)揮塔裝甲防護:其四周裝甲厚度(du)為367.5毫米至406毫米,頂部(bu)(bu)裝甲厚度(du)為175毫米,底部(bu)(bu)裝甲厚度(du)為97.5毫米。
艦底(di)(di)防(fang)護:采(cai)用(yong)深達(da)175.26毫米的(de)三(san)層艦底(di)(di)結構,三(san)層艦底(di)(di)又廣泛地進行分離。
推進裝置
“華盛(sheng)頓”號(hao)裝(zhuang)有8臺鍋爐(lu),它們分別(bie)安裝(zhuang)在4個艙(cang)室中(zhong);4軸(zhou);4臺復式減(jian)速(su)齒輪(lun)傳動渦輪(lun)機,輸(shu)出(chu)功率為121000軸(zhou)馬力(li)(li),最(zui)大航(hang)速(su)為28節(1941年)。續航(hang)力(li)(li)通常為16230海里(15節航(hang)速(su))。二戰期(qi)間由于當(dang)時(shi)有效的途(tu)中(zhong)加(jia)油和補(bu)給技(ji)術,其續航(hang)能(neng)力(li)(li)得到了極大加(jia)強(qiang)。艦上油箱裝(zhuang)載(zai)能(neng)力(li)(li):燃料油為7167.2噸(1945年),柴油677.1噸,汽油22.1噸。
戎馬一生
早年經歷
1942年早期作為第39主力艦隊(dui)駐扎在英國本土,并且和(he)英國戰列艦喬(qiao)治五世號一起完成到摩(mo)爾曼斯克(ke)的護(hu)航任務(wu)。期間還有一段軼聞:1942年3月(yue)(yue)當華盛(sheng)頓號還在大西洋(yang)艦隊(dui)執(zhi)行(xing)護(hu)航任務(wu)時,可能因(yin)風浪(lang)太(tai)大,分艦隊(dui)司令威爾考克(ke)斯海軍少(shao)將掉(diao)進海里溺(ni)斃。1942年奉命加入(ru)太(tai)平洋(yang)戰場,并且在那里參(can)加了34個(ge)月(yue)(yue)的各種(zhong)戰役。
1942年(nian)上(shang)半年(nian),日(ri)(ri)(ri)軍(jun)在(zai)太平洋(yang)戰(zhan)(zhan)場橫(heng)行無忌,日(ri)(ri)(ri)、美雙方戰(zhan)(zhan)斗激(ji)烈,它(ta)本應(ying)早日(ri)(ri)(ri)開赴遠東戰(zhan)(zhan)場,但(dan)當(dang)時(shi)由于害怕(pa)北大(da)西洋(yang)運輸線遭受德國戰(zhan)(zhan)列艦“提(ti)爾皮茨(ci)”號的襲擊,致使它(ta)在(zai)北大(da)西洋(yang)海(hai)域作為威懾力量又(you)呆了數月之久(jiu),于1942年(nian)6月10日(ri)(ri)(ri)駛入(ru)太平洋(yang)。
1942年(nian)11月(yue)14日在(zai)瓜(gua)島戰(zhan)(zhan)役中,它作為威利斯(si) A 李海軍(jun)(jun)(jun)少將(Rear Admiral Willis A Lee)指揮的(de)第64特混(hun)編隊的(de)旗(qi)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),在(zai)瓜(gua)島海戰(zhan)(zhan)(第四(si)次薩沃島海戰(zhan)(zhan))中,與(yu)(yu)日軍(jun)(jun)(jun)霧島號(Kirishima)單挑,并(bing)成功地擊(ji)(ji)沉(chen)了對(dui)方,這在(zai)美軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)歷史上是第一(yi)(yi)次也是唯一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)次與(yu)(yu)敵艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單挑時(shi)(shi)擊(ji)(ji)沉(chen)對(dui)方同級別軍(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)例(li)。同時(shi)(shi),在(zai)同一(yi)(yi)場戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)中華(hua)盛頓號還擊(ji)(ji)沉(chen)了日軍(jun)(jun)(jun)驅(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)綾波(bo)號(Ayanami),并(bing)在(zai)擊(ji)(ji)沉(chen)霧島號的(de)同時(shi)(shi)又擊(ji)(ji)傷了日軍(jun)(jun)(jun)重巡洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)愛(ai)宕號(Atago)和高雄號(Takao),迫(po)使日軍(jun)(jun)(jun)炮擊(ji)(ji)編隊狼狽(bei)撤(che)退。
擊沉霧島
李(li)少將(jiang)(jiang)指揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第64特混編(bian)隊(dui),兵(bing)力(li)編(bian)成是(shi)(shi)2艘(sou)(sou)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),包括旗(qi)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)華盛頓號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)以(yi)及南(nan)達科(ke)他號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(BB-57 South Dakota),4艘(sou)(sou)驅(qu)(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(沃(wo)(wo)(wo)爾(er)克號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、普(pu)(pu)雷(lei)(lei)斯(si)頓號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、格(ge)溫號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和(he)本(ben)(ben)哈(ha)姆號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao))。1942年11月14日(ri)(ri)天黑后,李(li)就(jiu)率(lv)領(ling)(ling)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)駛過(guo)鐵底(di)灣,前(qian)(qian)往埃斯(si)佩蘭斯(si)角,當軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)通過(guo)鐵底(di)灣時,海底(di)下(xia)大量沉(chen)(chen)沒(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼鐵殘骸強烈(lie)干擾了(le)(le)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)羅盤(pan),磁性羅盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指針不停地來回亂擺,瓜島(dao)(dao)(dao)上吹來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陣陣涼風,不再是(shi)(shi)像過(guo)去那樣彌漫(man)著熱帶植物(wu)腐爛所(suo)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)令人作(zuo)嘔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡臭,而是(shi)(shi)散(san)發著金銀花的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香味。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可是(shi)(shi)從(cong)來沒(mei)(mei)有過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很多(duo)人都(dou)認為(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種吉兆:勝利在(zai)望的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預兆。美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隊(dui)形是(shi)(shi)以(yi)4艘(sou)(sou)驅(qu)(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)前(qian)(qian)導,2艘(sou)(sou)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)后,單(dan)縱列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)魚(yu)貫而行,從(cong)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)東南(nan)通過(guo)。當美(mei)(mei)(mei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)從(cong)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei)水道(dao)進(jin)入(ru)鐵底(di)灣時,被日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)橋本(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)(fen)隊(dui)發現,日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)便從(cong)后追趕,李(li)少將(jiang)(jiang)推(tui)算日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)二(er)十三(san)時左(zuo)右到來,就(jiu)率(lv)領(ling)(ling)美(mei)(mei)(mei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)繞著薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)邏,嚴陣以(yi)待,當從(cong)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)東南(nan)轉(zhuan)向(xiang)西面(mian)(mian)航(hang)行時,李(li)少將(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旗(qi)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)華盛頓號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)達發現了(le)(le)日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)橋本(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)(fen)隊(dui),李(li)隨即下(xia)令向(xiang)西轉(zhuan)舵,橫在(zai)日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)航(hang)線上,作(zuo)好(hao)迎戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)準(zhun)備(bei),橋本(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)(fen)隊(dui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)兩(liang)路發起(qi)(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)攻(gong)擊,一(yi)(yi)路是(shi)(shi)川內號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)輕巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)敷波號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、浦波號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)驅(qu)(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),從(cong)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)東面(mian)(mian)進(jin)攻(gong),另一(yi)(yi)路是(shi)(shi)綾波號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)驅(qu)(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),從(cong)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)西面(mian)(mian)發動(dong)偷(tou)襲。日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)還(huan)以(yi)為(wei)美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隊(dui)不過(guo)是(shi)(shi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)驅(qu)(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),川內號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)自不量力(li)向(xiang)美(mei)(mei)(mei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)逼近(jin),直(zhi)到美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)406毫米重(zhong)炮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炮彈落在(zai)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)旁邊(bian)掀起(qi)(qi)(qi)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水柱(zhu),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)才意識(shi)到美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)根本(ben)(ben)不是(shi)(shi)巡(xun)(xun)(xun)洋艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),而是(shi)(shi)強大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),橋本(ben)(ben)一(yi)(yi)面(mian)(mian)向(xiang)近(jin)藤報告(gao),一(yi)(yi)面(mian)(mian)下(xia)令施(shi)放(fang)煙幕,帶著三(san)艘(sou)(sou)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)急速(su)撤退。而綾波號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)就(jiu)沒(mei)(mei)那么幸運了(le)(le),美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)通過(guo)雷(lei)(lei)達早(zao)已發現了(le)(le)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行動(dong),迅(xun)速(su)轉(zhuan)移火力(li),對它(ta)進(jin)行集中(zhong)射擊,綾波號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)接連中(zhong)彈,引起(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)次(ci)爆炸后沉(chen)(chen)沒(mei)(mei)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時,日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)木村編(bian)隊(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五艘(sou)(sou)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也從(cong)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)西側駛來,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五艘(sou)(sou)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)緊靠著薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)航(hang)行,巧(qiao)妙(miao)隱蔽在(zai)薩(sa)(sa)(sa)(sa)沃(wo)(wo)(wo)島(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)達回波中(zhong),沒(mei)(mei)被美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)雷(lei)(lei)達及時發現,突然向(xiang)美(mei)(mei)(mei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)開(kai)火,并發射魚(yu)雷(lei)(lei),美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)前(qian)(qian)衛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四艘(sou)(sou)驅(qu)(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被打了(le)(le)個措手不及,還(huan)來不及做出反應(ying),沃(wo)(wo)(wo)爾(er)克號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和(he)普(pu)(pu)雷(lei)(lei)斯(si)頓號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)就(jiu)被擊沉(chen)(chen),格(ge)溫號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和(he)本(ben)(ben)哈(ha)姆號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)則受到重(zhong)創(chuang),失去戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)力(li)。在(zai)驅(qu)(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)華盛頓號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)向(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)向(xiang),南(nan)達科(ke)他號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)向(xiang)右轉(zhuan)向(xiang),以(yi)避開(kai)前(qian)(qian)面(mian)(mian)失去控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)逐艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)使美(mei)(mei)(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)艘(sou)(sou)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)無奈中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)散(san)開(kai),陷(xian)入(ru)各自為(wei)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被動(dong)局面(mian)(mian)。
原本近藤(teng)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)橋本和(he)(he)木村兩支分(fen)隊對付美(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)編隊是(shi)綽綽有(you)余的(de),所以(yi)(yi)自己率領本隊和(he)(he)另(ling)外兩艘驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)薩(sa)沃島(dao)(dao)西(xi)北巡(xun)航,全(quan)力準(zhun)備炮(pao)擊(ji)(ji)機(ji)場(chang)而并不(bu)是(shi)投入海(hai)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。但當得(de)(de)到(dao)發現(xian)美(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)報告后,才急忙趕來(lai)參戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)首先用探照燈照住南(nan)達(da)科(ke)(ke)(ke)他(ta)號(hao)(hao),立即使用魚雷和(he)(he)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)炮(pao)進(jin)行(xing)集中(zhong)攻(gong)擊(ji)(ji),南(nan)達(da)科(ke)(ke)(ke)他(ta)號(hao)(hao)正巧電(dian)路發生故障,炮(pao)塔失(shi)(shi)去動力無法開火(huo),全(quan)靠(kao)靈(ling)活的(de)機(ji)動才躲(duo)過了魚雷攻(gong)擊(ji)(ji),卻被(bei)多(duo)發大口徑(jing)炮(pao)彈命中(zhong),上層建筑被(bei)打得(de)(de)面(mian)目全(quan)非,不(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)向西(xi)南(nan)撤退。這(zhe)樣,李就(jiu)剩下了旗艦(jian)(jian)(jian)華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)頓號(hao)(hao)一(yi)艘軍(jun)(jun)(jun)艦(jian)(jian)(jian),盡管以(yi)(yi)寡敵(di)(di)眾,但李毫不(bu)畏懼,憑借著(zhu)性能優異的(de)雷達(da),華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)頓號(hao)(hao)準(zhun)確測定(ding)了日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)位(wei)置,隨即在(zai)(zai)雷達(da)指(zhi)引下實施了精確射擊(ji)(ji),日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)霧(wu)島(dao)(dao)號(hao)(hao)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)短短七(qi)分(fen)鐘里就(jiu)被(bei)擊(ji)(ji)中(zhong)九(jiu)發406毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)炮(pao)彈和(he)(he)四十發127毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)炮(pao)彈,船艙(cang)多(duo)處起火(huo),舵(duo)機(ji)失(shi)(shi)靈(ling),很快喪失(shi)(shi)了戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗力。華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)頓號(hao)(hao)在(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)全(quan)部406毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)主(zhu)炮(pao)和(he)(he)部分(fen)127毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)副炮(pao)轟(hong)擊(ji)(ji)霧(wu)島(dao)(dao)號(hao)(hao)的(de)同(tong)時(shi),還以(yi)(yi)部分(fen)127毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)副炮(pao)轟(hong)擊(ji)(ji)其他(ta)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian),日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)重(zhong)巡(xun)洋(yang)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)愛宕號(hao)(hao)和(he)(he)高雄號(hao)(hao)都被(bei)擊(ji)(ji)傷,為(wei)了把南(nan)達(da)科(ke)(ke)(ke)他(ta)號(hao)(hao)附近的(de)日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)引開,李指(zhi)揮華(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)頓號(hao)(hao)先向西(xi)北航行(xing),日(ri)(ri)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)其右后方追(zhui)擊(ji)(ji)一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)后,近藤(teng)見美(mei)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)炮(pao)火(huo)非常兇猛難(nan)以(yi)(yi)取得(de)(de)勝利,主(zhu)力艦(jian)(jian)(jian)霧(wu)島(dao)(dao)號(hao)(hao)又(you)(you)受到(dao)重(zhong)創,不(bu)得(de)(de)不(bu)放棄(qi)炮(pao)擊(ji)(ji)機(ji)場(chang)的(de)計劃,于15日(ri)(ri)凌晨(chen)三時(shi)下令施放煙(yan)幕(mu)退出戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗。李緊追(zhui)不(bu)舍,直到(dao)日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)回過頭來(lai)向他(ta)發射魚雷,已經沒有(you)驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)掩護(hu)的(de)李才折回去與南(nan)達(da)科(ke)(ke)(ke)他(ta)號(hao)(hao)會合,掩護(hu)南(nan)達(da)科(ke)(ke)(ke)他(ta)號(hao)(hao)撲滅大火(huo),搶修破損。霧(wu)島(dao)(dao)號(hao)(hao)因為(wei)舵(duo)機(ji)失(shi)(shi)靈(ling),傷勢嚴重(zhong),無法跟隨近藤(teng)撤退,又(you)(you)擔心天亮(liang)后遭到(dao)美(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)飛(fei)機(ji)的(de)攻(gong)擊(ji)(ji),就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)15日(ri)(ri)凌晨(chen)1時(shi)23分(fen)打開海(hai)底閥自沉。這(zhe)是(shi)太(tai)平洋(yang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭唯(wei)一(yi)一(yi)次由(you)1艘戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)獨力擊(ji)(ji)沉敵(di)(di)方戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列艦(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)例(li)。日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)朝云號(hao)(hao)驅逐(zhu)艦(jian)(jian)(jian)也因傷勢太(tai)重(zhong)而沉沒。
傳奇戰艦
隨(sui)后(hou),華(hua)盛頓(dun)號(hao)單獨(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)日本水域巡邏長達5周,這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)平洋(yang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場也是(shi)僅此一(yi)(yi)例。華(hua)盛頓(dun)號(hao)還創造了(le)連(lian)續航行79天(tian),31494英里(li)的(de)(de)記錄,在(zai)(zai)(zai)此期間,它(ta)給別的(de)(de)驅逐艦(jian)(jian)加油59次(ci),自身(shen)加油16次(ci)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)海戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中,它(ta)共擊(ji)沉了(le)一(yi)(yi)艘(sou)(sou)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)、一(yi)(yi)艘(sou)(sou)驅逐艦(jian)(jian)、一(yi)(yi)艘(sou)(sou)加油船和數艘(sou)(sou)運輸船,它(ta)在(zai)(zai)(zai)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭中單獨(du)擊(ji)沉敵艦(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)總(zong)噸(dun)位比美(mei)國海軍的(de)(de)其(qi)他(ta)任何戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)都多。在(zai)(zai)(zai)海戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中,它(ta)還擊(ji)落(luo)了(le)12架敵機,參與轟炸(zha)10座島嶼(yu),被(bei)空襲(xi)53次(ci)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)整個二戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中,它(ta)航行另外289609英里(li),發射了(le)3535枚16英寸(cun)炮(pao)(pao)彈、28063枚5英寸(cun)炮(pao)(pao)彈和超過(guo)350000枚20mm機關炮(pao)(pao)炮(pao)(pao)彈。戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭結束時到達Puget南(nan)海軍基地(di)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭中它(ta)獲(huo)得了(le)15枚戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗之(zhi)星勛章,并且沒(mei)有一(yi)(yi)人(ren)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斗死亡。華(hua)盛頓(dun)號(hao)是(shi)美(mei)軍戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)列(lie)(lie)艦(jian)(jian)中功勛最為卓著(zhu)的(de)(de)。