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地質

大青(qing)山山地(di)為塊狀斷裂的中等高度(du)的山地(di)，一(yi)般海(hai)拔為1500—— 2100米(mi)，西(xi)部的九峰山，可高達(da)海(hai)拔2338米(mi)，相對高度(du)100——700米(mi)。山地(di)的基巖(yan)及地(di)表組成(cheng)物質是由花崗巖(yan)、片麻巖(yan)、片巖(yan)、頁巖(yan)、砂礫巖(yan)以及殘積(ji)、坡積(ji)層、洪積(ji)砂礫層構(gou)成(cheng)。

生態

巖(yan)石主要由太(tai)古(gu)代(dai)、元古(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)片麻巖(yan)、大理(li)巖(yan)、石英巖(yan)和(he)古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)、中生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)砂頁巖(yan)、礫巖(yan)所(suo)組成(cheng)。大青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)北坡(po)(po)不對稱，北坡(po)(po)平緩， 剝蝕殘(can)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵和(he)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)錯分布(bu)(bu)，逐漸(jian)與內蒙古(gu)高原(yuan)(yuan)連在(zai)一(yi)起；南(nan)坡(po)(po)陡峭(qiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)構造(zao)斷(duan)塊地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)，斷(duan)層崖被侵(qin)蝕切割，形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)系列斷(duan)裂三角面，形(xing)勢險峻。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓分布(bu)(bu)有侵(qin)蝕殘(can)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝，雨后(hou)洪(hong)流破山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而出(chu)，造(zao)成(cheng)復式帶狀(zhuang)洪(hong)積扇(shan)裙(qun)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝為(wei)(wei)(wei)流水侵(qin)蝕成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)寬谷后(hou)，往往形(xing)成(cheng)前山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)孔(kong)道(dao)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)氣溫較(jiao)低，年(nian)均溫0～4℃，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰與山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓相(xiang)差4℃左右(you)，無霜期較(jiao)短(duan)(duan)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)約為(wei)(wei)(wei)100天，比山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季約短(duan)(duan)1個月。以(yi)(yi)呼(hu)和(he)浩特和(he)武(wu)川相(xiang)比，兩地(di)(di)(di)(di)直線距離僅40公里，年(nian)降水量相(xiang)差76毫(hao)米(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)屏障作用甚為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)顯。大青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋(gai)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)11.5%。陰坡(po)(po)海拔(ba)1100米(mi)左右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)干草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)；1200 米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)出(chu)現灌叢及稀疏杜松林(lin)(lin)(lin)；1300～1500米(mi)有油(you)松、 側柏、杜松混(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)；1500～2000米(mi)有油(you)松、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊(yang)、遼東櫟(li)混(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)和(he)云杉(shan)(shan)、白(bai)樺(hua)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊(yang)混(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)及油(you)松和(he)云杉(shan)(shan)純(chun)林(lin)(lin)(lin)。陽坡(po)(po)1500米(mi)以(yi)(yi)下為(wei)(wei)(wei)干草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)，1800米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)。土(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)栗(li)鈣土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)典型棕褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)淋溶褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)土(tu)。北麓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)灘川地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水土(tu)條件較(jiao) 好，耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)擴展很快，上(shang)(shang)限已(yi)達海拔(ba)1850米(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前丘陵和(he)洪(hong)積扇(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶為(wei)(wei)(wei)半農(nong)半牧區。

內蒙古大青山(shan)南(nan)部(bu)濕(shi)地鳥(niao)(niao)類共記錄126種(zhong)，錄屬于(yu)16目37科74屬。水鳥(niao)(niao)72種(zhong)(57.1%)。候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)共110種(zhong)(87.3%)，其中(zhong)夏候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)58種(zhong)、旅鳥(niao)(niao)52種(zhong)。74種(zhong)繁殖鳥(niao)(niao)中(zhong)古北(bei)種(zhong)58種(zhong)(78.4%)、東洋(yang)種(zhong)8種(zhong)(10.8%)、廣布種(zhong)8種(zhong)(10.8%)，鳥(niao)(niao)類組成明顯以古北(bei)界(jie)成分(fen)為主。該區域有國家(jia)重點保護鳥(niao)(niao)類20種(zhong)。記錄大青山(shan)南(nan)部(bu)新分(fen)布紀錄鳥(niao)(niao)類19種(zhong)。濕(shi)地作為一(yi)個隱(yin)域性景觀難以作為動物地理區劃界(jie)線的依據。

歷史

大青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)(kang)日根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于(yu)武川縣得(de)勝溝(gou)鄉的(de)(de)最(zui)南端(duan)，大青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)深(shen)處，轄地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)496.0平(ping)方公里(li)，距呼和(he)浩特市約70公里(li)，是(shi)全國著名的(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)老(lao)區(qu)，是(shi)國家100個景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)(dian)(dian)項目之一。開(kai)辟這一地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，使(shi)其與(yu)晉西(xi)(xi)北抗(kang)(kang)日根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)連(lian)成一片，對堅(jian)持綏遠抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)，牽制日軍(jun)向(xiang)大西(xi)(xi)北的(de)(de)進攻，掩護(hu)八路軍(jun)在敵后(hou)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)翼側，具(ju)有(you)(you)重要意(yi)義。抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)，得(de)勝溝(gou)鄉得(de)勝溝(gou)村一直(zhi)是(shi)大青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)(kang)日根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)指揮中心，被(bei)稱為“塞外(wai)小延安”，此地(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)大溝(gou)深(shen)，地(di)(di)(di)形險要，是(shi)當年(nian)(nian)大青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)支隊(dui)司令部、綏遠省委、省行署(shu)機關的(de)(de)駐扎地(di)(di)(di)，現有(you)(you)司令部、衛生隊(dui)、教導(dao)隊(dui)、電臺(tai)等遺址，李井泉(quan)(quan)、姚(yao)喆、黃厚、楊植林等領導(dao)人(ren)住過(guo)的(de)(de)窯(yao)洞和(he)辦公用(yong)的(de)(de)石磨、樹墩，存有(you)(you)八路軍(jun)作戰(zhan)使(shi)用(yong)過(guo)的(de)(de)電臺(tai)、戰(zhan)刀(dao)、手榴(liu)彈、馬蹬、火(huo)盆(pen)、糧食袋(dai)、火(huo)鐮等革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)歷史珍貴文物。1964年(nian)(nian)被(bei)內(nei)蒙古自(zi)治區(qu)政府列為重點(dian)(dian)(dian)文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。在景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)內(nei)留下一大批(pi)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)前輩戎馬生涯的(de)(de)足跡，留下了大青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)(kang)日軍(jun)民奮勇殺(sha)敵、可歌可泣的(de)(de)英雄事跡。景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)內(nei)除了眾多的(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)遺存，自(zi)然(ran)(ran)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)十分獨特，溝(gou)溝(gou)相連(lian)、溪泉(quan)(quan)纏繞，水秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)青(qing)(qing)(qing)，山(shan)(shan)壑(he)交疊，峰(feng)聳入(ru)云(yun)，山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)，萬木崢(zheng)嶸，野獸出沒，有(you)(you)獅子(zi)嘴(zui)(zui)、石門、佛爺洞、晾人(ren)臺(tai)、響沙灣、虎頭山(shan)(shan)、板嘴(zui)(zui)石窯(yao)等自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，各(ge)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)(dian)(dian)均以“奇、雄、特、險”取(qu)勝，集(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀和(he)人(ren)文景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀于(yu)一體，以紅帶綠，紅綠相互輝(hui)映。