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地質

大青山山地為塊狀斷裂的中等高度的山地，一般海(hai)(hai)拔為1500—— 2100米，西部的九峰山，可高達海(hai)(hai)拔2338米，相對(dui)高度100——700米。山地的基(ji)巖(yan)(yan)及(ji)地表組(zu)成物質(zhi)是由花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)、片麻巖(yan)(yan)、片巖(yan)(yan)、頁巖(yan)(yan)、砂礫巖(yan)(yan)以及(ji)殘積(ji)(ji)、坡積(ji)(ji)層、洪(hong)積(ji)(ji)砂礫層構成。

生態

巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石主(zhu)要由太古代(dai)、元古代(dai)的(de)片麻巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、大理巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、石英巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)古生代(dai)、中生代(dai)的(de)砂頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、礫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)所組成。大青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南北坡(po)不(bu)對稱，北坡(po)平(ping)緩， 剝(bo)蝕殘(can)余的(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)和(he)(he)盆地(di)(di)交(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)分(fen)布，逐漸與內蒙古高原(yuan)(yuan)連在(zai)一起；南坡(po)陡(dou)峭，為(wei)明顯(xian)的(de)構造斷(duan)塊地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)，斷(duan)層崖被侵(qin)蝕切割(ge)，形(xing)(xing)成一系列斷(duan)裂三角面(mian)，形(xing)(xing)勢險峻。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓分(fen)布有(you)侵(qin)蝕殘(can)余的(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)眾(zhong)多的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝(gou)，雨后洪流(liu)破(po)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而出，造成復式帶(dai)狀(zhuang)洪積(ji)扇(shan)裙。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝(gou)為(wei)流(liu)水(shui)侵(qin)蝕成為(wei)寬谷后，往往形(xing)(xing)成前山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與后山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)孔道(dao)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后氣溫(wen)較低，年均溫(wen)0～4℃，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰與山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓相(xiang)差(cha)4℃左右(you)，無(wu)霜期較短(duan)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后約為(wei)100天，比山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前生長季約短(duan)1個(ge)月。以(yi)呼和(he)(he)浩特和(he)(he)武川相(xiang)比，兩地(di)(di)直線(xian)距離(li)僅(jin)40公里，年降(jiang)水(shui)量相(xiang)差(cha)76毫米(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)屏障作(zuo)用(yong)甚為(wei)明顯(xian)。大青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森林覆(fu)蓋率(lv)為(wei)11.5%。陰坡(po)海拔1100米(mi)左右(you)為(wei)干草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)；1200 米(mi)以(yi)上出現灌叢(cong)及稀疏杜松(song)林；1300～1500米(mi)有(you)油(you)松(song)、 側柏、杜松(song)混交(jiao)(jiao)林；1500～2000米(mi)有(you)油(you)松(song)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊、遼東櫟混交(jiao)(jiao)林和(he)(he)云杉、白樺(hua)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊混交(jiao)(jiao)林及油(you)松(song)和(he)(he)云杉純林。陽(yang)坡(po)1500米(mi)以(yi)下為(wei)干草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)，1800米(mi)以(yi)上為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)草(cao)甸草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)。土壤為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)栗鈣土─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)典型棕褐土─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)淋溶褐土─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)草(cao)甸草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)土。北麓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)和(he)(he)灘川地(di)(di)的(de)水(shui)土條件較 好，耕地(di)(di)擴展很快，上限已達(da)海拔1850米(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前丘陵(ling)和(he)(he)洪積(ji)扇(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)為(wei)半(ban)農半(ban)牧區。

內蒙(meng)古大青山南部濕地(di)(di)鳥(niao)類共記(ji)錄126種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，錄屬(shu)于16目37科74屬(shu)。水鳥(niao)72種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(57.1%)。候(hou)鳥(niao)共110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(87.3%)，其中夏候(hou)鳥(niao)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、旅鳥(niao)52種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖鳥(niao)中古北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(78.4%)、東洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)、廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)，鳥(niao)類組成(cheng)明顯以古北(bei)界成(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)主(zhu)。該區(qu)域有(you)國家重點保護(hu)鳥(niao)類20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。記(ji)錄大青山南部新分(fen)布(bu)紀錄鳥(niao)類19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕地(di)(di)作為(wei)一個隱域性(xing)景觀(guan)難以作為(wei)動物地(di)(di)理(li)區(qu)劃界線的(de)依據。

歷史

大青(qing)山(shan)(shan)抗日(ri)(ri)根據(ju)地(di)位(wei)于武川縣得勝溝(gou)鄉的(de)(de)(de)最南端(duan)，大青(qing)山(shan)(shan)深處，轄地(di)面積(ji)496.0平方公(gong)里(li)，距呼和(he)浩特市(shi)約70公(gong)里(li)，是(shi)全國著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)革(ge)命老(lao)區，是(shi)國家(jia)100個景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)項目之一。開(kai)辟這一地(di)區，使其與(yu)晉西北(bei)抗日(ri)(ri)根據(ju)地(di)連成一片，對堅持綏遠抗戰(zhan)，牽制日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)向大西北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)進攻，掩護(hu)八(ba)(ba)路軍(jun)在(zai)敵(di)后抗戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)翼側，具有(you)重要意義。抗戰(zhan)年代，得勝溝(gou)鄉得勝溝(gou)村一直(zhi)是(shi)大青(qing)山(shan)(shan)抗日(ri)(ri)根據(ju)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)揮中心，被稱(cheng)為“塞(sai)外小(xiao)延安”，此地(di)山(shan)(shan)大溝(gou)深，地(di)形險要，是(shi)當年大青(qing)山(shan)(shan)支隊(dui)司令部、綏遠省(sheng)委、省(sheng)行署機關的(de)(de)(de)駐扎地(di)，現有(you)司令部、衛(wei)生隊(dui)、教導隊(dui)、電臺等遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)，李井泉、姚(yao)喆(zhe)、黃厚、楊植林等領導人(ren)住過的(de)(de)(de)窯洞(dong)和(he)辦(ban)公(gong)用的(de)(de)(de)石磨、樹墩(dun)，存有(you)八(ba)(ba)路軍(jun)作戰(zhan)使用過的(de)(de)(de)電臺、戰(zhan)刀、手榴彈、馬(ma)蹬、火盆、糧食袋、火鐮等革(ge)命歷史珍(zhen)貴文(wen)物。1964年被內(nei)蒙古自(zi)(zi)治區政(zheng)府列為重點(dian)文(wen)物保護(hu)單位(wei)。在(zai)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區內(nei)留下一大批革(ge)命前(qian)輩戎馬(ma)生涯的(de)(de)(de)足跡(ji)，留下了大青(qing)山(shan)(shan)抗日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)民奮勇(yong)殺敵(di)、可歌可泣的(de)(de)(de)英雄(xiong)事跡(ji)。景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區內(nei)除了眾多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)革(ge)命遺(yi)(yi)存，自(zi)(zi)然風景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)十分獨特，溝(gou)溝(gou)相(xiang)連、溪泉纏繞，水(shui)秀山(shan)(shan)青(qing)，山(shan)(shan)壑交疊，峰(feng)聳入(ru)云，山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)有(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，萬木崢嶸，野獸出沒，有(you)獅子嘴、石門、佛爺洞(dong)、晾(liang)人(ren)臺、響沙灣、虎頭山(shan)(shan)、板(ban)嘴石窯等自(zi)(zi)然景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)，各景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)均(jun)以“奇、雄(xiong)、特、險”取勝，集自(zi)(zi)然景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)和(he)人(ren)文(wen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)于一體(ti)，以紅帶綠，紅綠相(xiang)互輝映。