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地質

大青山山地(di)為塊狀斷裂的中等高度的山地(di)，一般海拔(ba)為1500—— 2100米，西部的九峰山，可(ke)高達(da)海拔(ba)2338米，相對高度100——700米。山地(di)的基巖(yan)及地(di)表組成物(wu)質是由花崗巖(yan)、片(pian)(pian)麻巖(yan)、片(pian)(pian)巖(yan)、頁(ye)巖(yan)、砂(sha)礫巖(yan)以及殘積、坡(po)積層(ceng)、洪積砂(sha)礫層(ceng)構成。

生態

巖(yan)石主要(yao)由太古代(dai)(dai)(dai)、元(yuan)古代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)片麻巖(yan)、大(da)理(li)巖(yan)、石英巖(yan)和(he)(he)古生(sheng)代(dai)(dai)(dai)、中生(sheng)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)砂頁巖(yan)、礫巖(yan)所組(zu)成(cheng)。大(da)青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南北坡不對稱(cheng)，北坡平緩， 剝(bo)蝕(shi)(shi)殘余的(de)(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)和(he)(he)盆地(di)交(jiao)錯分布，逐(zhu)漸與(yu)(yu)內蒙古高原(yuan)連在一起(qi)；南坡陡峭(qiao)，為(wei)(wei)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造(zao)斷塊地(di)形(xing)，斷層崖被侵(qin)蝕(shi)(shi)切割，形(xing)成(cheng)一系(xi)列斷裂三角面，形(xing)勢險峻。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)分布有侵(qin)蝕(shi)(shi)殘余的(de)(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝，雨(yu)后(hou)洪流破山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而出，造(zao)成(cheng)復式帶狀(zhuang)洪積(ji)扇(shan)裙。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝為(wei)(wei)流水(shui)(shui)(shui)侵(qin)蝕(shi)(shi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)寬谷后(hou)，往往形(xing)成(cheng)前(qian)(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與(yu)(yu)后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通孔道。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)氣溫較(jiao)(jiao)低，年(nian)均溫0～4℃，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)與(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)相(xiang)差(cha)4℃左右，無霜期(qi)較(jiao)(jiao)短(duan)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)約為(wei)(wei)100天，比(bi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)(qian)生(sheng)長季約短(duan)1個月。以呼和(he)(he)浩特和(he)(he)武川(chuan)相(xiang)比(bi)，兩地(di)直線(xian)距(ju)離僅40公里，年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量相(xiang)差(cha)76毫米(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)屏(ping)障作(zuo)用(yong)甚(shen)為(wei)(wei)明顯(xian)。大(da)青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率為(wei)(wei)11.5%。陰坡海(hai)拔1100米(mi)(mi)左右為(wei)(wei)干草原(yuan)；1200 米(mi)(mi)以上出現灌叢(cong)及(ji)(ji)稀(xi)疏杜(du)松(song)林(lin)(lin)(lin)；1300～1500米(mi)(mi)有油(you)松(song)、 側柏、杜(du)松(song)混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)；1500～2000米(mi)(mi)有油(you)松(song)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊、遼東櫟混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)和(he)(he)云杉、白樺、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊混(hun)(hun)交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)及(ji)(ji)油(you)松(song)和(he)(he)云杉純林(lin)(lin)(lin)。陽坡1500米(mi)(mi)以下為(wei)(wei)干草原(yuan)，1800米(mi)(mi)以上為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)草甸草原(yuan)。土(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)栗鈣土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)典(dian)型棕(zong)褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)淋溶褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)草甸草原(yuan)土(tu)。北麓(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)和(he)(he)灘川(chuan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)條件較(jiao)(jiao) 好，耕(geng)地(di)擴展很快，上限已(yi)達海(hai)拔1850米(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)(qian)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)和(he)(he)洪積(ji)扇(shan)地(di)帶為(wei)(wei)半農(nong)半牧區。

內(nei)蒙古大青山(shan)南部濕(shi)地鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類共(gong)記錄126種(zhong)(zhong)，錄屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)16目37科74屬(shu)(shu)。水鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)72種(zhong)(zhong)(57.1%)。候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)共(gong)110種(zhong)(zhong)(87.3%)，其(qi)中夏候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)58種(zhong)(zhong)、旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)52種(zhong)(zhong)。74種(zhong)(zhong)繁殖(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)中古北種(zhong)(zhong)58種(zhong)(zhong)(78.4%)、東(dong)洋種(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)、廣(guang)布種(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類組成明(ming)顯以古北界(jie)成分為主。該區域有國家重(zhong)點保(bao)護鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類20種(zhong)(zhong)。記錄大青山(shan)南部新分布紀(ji)錄鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類19種(zhong)(zhong)。濕(shi)地作為一個隱域性(xing)景觀難以作為動(dong)物地理區劃界(jie)線的依據。

歷史

大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)日(ri)根據(ju)地位(wei)于武川縣得勝(sheng)溝(gou)鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)南端，大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)深處，轄地面積(ji)496.0平方(fang)公(gong)里，距呼和浩特(te)市(shi)約70公(gong)里，是全國著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)老(lao)區(qu)，是國家100個景(jing)(jing)點(dian)項目(mu)之一(yi)(yi)。開辟這一(yi)(yi)地區(qu)，使其與晉(jin)西(xi)北(bei)抗(kang)日(ri)根據(ju)地連成一(yi)(yi)片，對堅(jian)持綏(sui)遠(yuan)抗(kang)戰(zhan)，牽制日(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)向大(da)(da)西(xi)北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進攻，掩護(hu)八(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)敵后抗(kang)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)翼側，具有重要(yao)意(yi)義。抗(kang)戰(zhan)年代，得勝(sheng)溝(gou)鄉得勝(sheng)溝(gou)村一(yi)(yi)直是大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)日(ri)根據(ju)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)指揮中心，被稱(cheng)為“塞外小延安(an)”，此地山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)溝(gou)深，地形險(xian)(xian)要(yao)，是當年大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)支(zhi)隊(dui)司令部、綏(sui)遠(yuan)省(sheng)委、省(sheng)行署(shu)機(ji)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)駐(zhu)扎地，現(xian)有司令部、衛生隊(dui)、教(jiao)導隊(dui)、電臺等(deng)遺址，李井泉、姚喆、黃厚、楊(yang)植(zhi)林等(deng)領導人(ren)(ren)住(zhu)過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)窯洞和辦公(gong)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)石磨、樹(shu)墩，存(cun)有八(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)作戰(zhan)使用過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電臺、戰(zhan)刀、手榴彈、馬蹬(deng)、火盆、糧(liang)食袋、火鐮等(deng)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)歷(li)史珍貴文物。1964年被內(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)政府列(lie)為重點(dian)文物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。在(zai)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)內(nei)留下(xia)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)批(pi)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)前輩戎(rong)馬生涯(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)足跡(ji)(ji)，留下(xia)了(le)大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)日(ri)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)民(min)奮勇(yong)殺(sha)敵、可歌可泣的(de)(de)(de)(de)英雄(xiong)事跡(ji)(ji)。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)內(nei)除了(le)眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)遺存(cun)，自(zi)然(ran)(ran)風景(jing)(jing)十分(fen)獨特(te)，溝(gou)溝(gou)相連、溪泉纏繞，水秀山(shan)(shan)青(qing)(qing)(qing)，山(shan)(shan)壑交疊，峰聳入云，山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)有景(jing)(jing)，萬(wan)木(mu)崢嶸(rong)，野獸出(chu)沒，有獅(shi)子(zi)嘴、石門、佛爺洞、晾人(ren)(ren)臺、響沙灣、虎(hu)頭山(shan)(shan)、板嘴石窯等(deng)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)(jing)點(dian)，各景(jing)(jing)點(dian)均以(yi)“奇、雄(xiong)、特(te)、險(xian)(xian)”取勝(sheng)，集自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)和人(ren)(ren)文景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)于一(yi)(yi)體，以(yi)紅帶綠，紅綠相互輝映。