地質
大青山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地為(wei)塊狀斷裂的(de)中等(deng)高(gao)度的(de)山(shan)(shan)地,一(yi)般海(hai)拔為(wei)1500—— 2100米,西部的(de)九峰山(shan)(shan),可高(gao)達海(hai)拔2338米,相對高(gao)度100——700米。山(shan)(shan)地的(de)基巖(yan)(yan)及地表(biao)組成物質是由花崗巖(yan)(yan)、片麻巖(yan)(yan)、片巖(yan)(yan)、頁巖(yan)(yan)、砂(sha)礫巖(yan)(yan)以及殘積、坡積層(ceng)、洪積砂(sha)礫層(ceng)構成。
生態
巖(yan)(yan)石主(zhu)要由太古代(dai)、元(yuan)古代(dai)的(de)(de)片麻巖(yan)(yan)、大理巖(yan)(yan)、石英巖(yan)(yan)和(he)古生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)、中生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)的(de)(de)砂頁巖(yan)(yan)、礫巖(yan)(yan)所組成(cheng)。大青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南北(bei)坡(po)不對稱(cheng),北(bei)坡(po)平緩(huan), 剝蝕(shi)殘余的(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵和(he)盆地(di)交(jiao)錯分布(bu),逐(zhu)漸與(yu)內蒙古高原(yuan)連在一起(qi);南坡(po)陡峭,為(wei)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)構造(zao)(zao)斷(duan)塊地(di)形,斷(duan)層(ceng)崖被(bei)侵(qin)蝕(shi)切割(ge),形成(cheng)一系列斷(duan)裂三角面,形勢險峻。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)分布(bu)有(you)(you)侵(qin)蝕(shi)殘余的(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝(gou),雨后(hou)洪流(liu)破山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)出(chu),造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)復式(shi)帶狀洪積扇裙。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝(gou)為(wei)流(liu)水(shui)侵(qin)蝕(shi)成(cheng)為(wei)寬谷后(hou),往往形成(cheng)前山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與(yu)后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)交(jiao)通孔道。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)氣溫較(jiao)低,年(nian)均溫0~4℃,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰與(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)相差(cha)4℃左右,無霜期較(jiao)短,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)約(yue)為(wei)100天,比山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前生(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)約(yue)短1個月。以(yi)(yi)呼和(he)浩特和(he)武川相比,兩地(di)直線距離(li)僅40公里,年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量相差(cha)76毫米(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)屏障作用甚為(wei)明(ming)顯。大青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森林覆(fu)蓋率為(wei)11.5%。陰坡(po)海(hai)拔1100米(mi)(mi)左右為(wei)干草原(yuan);1200 米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)出(chu)現灌(guan)叢及稀疏杜(du)松(song)林;1300~1500米(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)油松(song)、 側柏(bo)、杜(du)松(song)混交(jiao)林;1500~2000米(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)油松(song)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊(yang)、遼東櫟(li)混交(jiao)林和(he)云杉、白樺(hua)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊(yang)混交(jiao)林及油松(song)和(he)云杉純林。陽(yang)坡(po)1500米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)下為(wei)干草原(yuan),1800米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)草甸草原(yuan)。土壤為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)栗鈣土─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)典型(xing)棕(zong)褐(he)土─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)淋溶褐(he)土─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)草甸草原(yuan)土。北(bei)麓(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)和(he)灘川地(di)的(de)(de)水(shui)土條件較(jiao) 好,耕(geng)地(di)擴展很快(kuai),上(shang)限已達(da)海(hai)拔1850米(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前丘(qiu)陵和(he)洪積扇地(di)帶為(wei)半(ban)農(nong)半(ban)牧區(qu)。
內蒙古大青(qing)山南(nan)部(bu)濕(shi)地(di)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)共記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)126種(zhong),錄(lu)(lu)(lu)屬(shu)(shu)于16目37科(ke)74屬(shu)(shu)。水鳥(niao)72種(zhong)(57.1%)。候鳥(niao)共110種(zhong)(87.3%),其中夏候鳥(niao)58種(zhong)、旅鳥(niao)52種(zhong)。74種(zhong)繁殖鳥(niao)中古北(bei)種(zhong)58種(zhong)(78.4%)、東洋(yang)種(zhong)8種(zhong)(10.8%)、廣布種(zhong)8種(zhong)(10.8%),鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)組成明顯以古北(bei)界成分為(wei)主(zhu)。該區域有國(guo)家重點保護鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)20種(zhong)。記錄(lu)(lu)(lu)大青(qing)山南(nan)部(bu)新分布紀錄(lu)(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)19種(zhong)。濕(shi)地(di)作(zuo)為(wei)一個隱域性景觀難以作(zuo)為(wei)動物地(di)理區劃界線的依據。
歷史
大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)山(shan)抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)(ri)根(gen)(gen)據地(di)(di)位于(yu)(yu)武川縣(xian)得(de)勝溝(gou)(gou)鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)最南端,大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)山(shan)深處,轄地(di)(di)面積496.0平方(fang)公里,距呼(hu)和浩(hao)特(te)市約70公里,是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)革(ge)命(ming)老區,是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家100個景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)項目之一(yi)。開辟這一(yi)地(di)(di)區,使(shi)(shi)其與晉西北抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)(ri)根(gen)(gen)據地(di)(di)連(lian)成一(yi)片,對堅持綏遠抗(kang)(kang)戰,牽制(zhi)日(ri)(ri)軍向(xiang)大(da)(da)西北的(de)(de)進攻,掩護(hu)八(ba)路(lu)軍在(zai)敵后抗(kang)(kang)戰的(de)(de)翼側,具有(you)(you)重要(yao)意義(yi)。抗(kang)(kang)戰年(nian)代,得(de)勝溝(gou)(gou)鄉(xiang)得(de)勝溝(gou)(gou)村一(yi)直是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)山(shan)抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)(ri)根(gen)(gen)據地(di)(di)的(de)(de)指揮中心(xin),被稱(cheng)為“塞外小(xiao)延安”,此(ci)地(di)(di)山(shan)大(da)(da)溝(gou)(gou)深,地(di)(di)形險要(yao),是(shi)(shi)當年(nian)大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)山(shan)支隊司(si)(si)令部、綏遠省(sheng)委、省(sheng)行(xing)署(shu)機關的(de)(de)駐扎地(di)(di),現有(you)(you)司(si)(si)令部、衛(wei)生隊、教(jiao)導隊、電臺等遺(yi)址(zhi),李井泉(quan)(quan)、姚(yao)喆(zhe)、黃(huang)厚、楊植林(lin)等領(ling)導人住(zhu)過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)窯洞和辦公用(yong)的(de)(de)石磨、樹墩,存有(you)(you)八(ba)路(lu)軍作戰使(shi)(shi)用(yong)過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)電臺、戰刀、手榴彈、馬蹬、火盆、糧食袋、火鐮(lian)等革(ge)命(ming)歷史珍貴(gui)文物(wu)。1964年(nian)被內蒙古(gu)自(zi)治區政府列為重點(dian)文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。在(zai)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區內留(liu)下一(yi)大(da)(da)批革(ge)命(ming)前輩戎(rong)馬生涯的(de)(de)足跡,留(liu)下了大(da)(da)青(qing)(qing)山(shan)抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)(ri)軍民奮(fen)勇(yong)殺敵、可(ke)歌可(ke)泣的(de)(de)英雄事跡。景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區內除了眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)革(ge)命(ming)遺(yi)存,自(zi)然風景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)十分獨特(te),溝(gou)(gou)溝(gou)(gou)相(xiang)連(lian)、溪泉(quan)(quan)纏繞,水秀山(shan)青(qing)(qing),山(shan)壑交疊,峰聳(song)入(ru)云,山(shan)山(shan)有(you)(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),萬木崢(zheng)嶸,野(ye)獸出沒,有(you)(you)獅子嘴、石門、佛爺洞、晾人臺、響(xiang)沙(sha)灣(wan)、虎頭山(shan)、板嘴石窯等自(zi)然景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian),各景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)均以(yi)(yi)“奇、雄、特(te)、險”取勝,集(ji)自(zi)然景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)和人文景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)體,以(yi)(yi)紅帶綠,紅綠相(xiang)互輝映(ying)。