概述
福建漳(zhang)州國家地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)位于福建省漳(zhang)州市(shi)漳(zhang)浦(pu)縣前亭鎮、龍海(hai)市(shi)隆教鄉濱海(hai)一帶,總占地(di)面積(ji)318.64平(ping)方公(gong)里,主要地(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡類(lei)型為火山(shan)地(di)質(zhi)地(di)貌(mao)。襯托在藍天、碧海(hai)、沙灘、綠林之中,集觀光旅游、休閑度假(jia)、海(hai)上(shang)娛樂、尋奇探險、科學研究、科普(pu)教育為一體,是一處回(hui)歸大(da)自(zi)然的綜合性旅游度假(jia)區。
特點
公(gong)園為(wei)西(xi)太平洋(yang)新生代火(huo)(huo)(huo)山巖(yan)(yan)帶的重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分,在地(di)(di)(di)(di)質構造上(shang)屬歐亞板塊(kuai)東(dong)緣裂陷帶,由2600萬年(nian)(nian)至700萬年(nian)(nian)間火(huo)(huo)(huo)山噴(pen)發的玄(xuan)武巖(yan)(yan)構成(cheng)了典型的火(huo)(huo)(huo)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)質地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)景觀(guan)。其噴(pen)發序次清楚,火(huo)(huo)(huo)山口(kou)典型且(qie)保(bao)存完好(hao),有罕見的無根(gen)(gen)噴(pen)氣(qi)口(kou)群、氣(qi)孔柱(zhu)群及(ji)由140萬根(gen)(gen)巨型六邊形玄(xuan)武巖(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)組成(cheng)的柱(zhu)狀節理群,有各種海蝕地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)和多處(chu)優質沙灘,還有8000年(nian)(nian)前(qian)的古森林炭化木(mu)層等,是(shi)一(yi)處(chu)極為(wei)寶貴(gui)的火(huo)(huo)(huo)山地(di)(di)(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡,對(dui)研究西(xi)太平洋(yang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)山巖(yan)(yan)帶發育歷史(shi)上(shang)有重要(yao)的科學(xue)價值,同(tong)時是(shi)旅游觀(guan)光、度假和科學(xue)普及(ji)的重要(yao)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
人文景觀
地(di)質公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)還有趙(zhao)家(jia)堡、黃道周墓等著(zhu)名(ming)人文(wen)景觀,加上濱臨廈門市,交(jiao)通方(fang)便,為地(di)質公(gong)園(yuan)建設創(chuang)造了(le)優越條件。
趙家堡
趙(zhao)家堡(bao)南(nan)靠丹灶山(shan)(shan),北(bei)對朝天馬山(shan)(shan),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)北(bei)面(mian)為(wei)官壙(kuang)溪,全(quan)堡(bao)占(zhan)地(di)173畝,平面(mian)基本呈(cheng)方(fang)形(xing),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)以條石(shi)砌筑,厚2.5米(mi),高(gao)(gao)3至4米(mi),墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)三(san)(san)合土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垛高(gao)(gao)約1.5米(mi),筑四(si)個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)上(shang)建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou),北(bei)門(men)筑甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內建武廟(miao)和父子大(da)(da)夫坊,是為(wei)正(zheng)門(men),門(men)上(shang)嵌匾(bian),分別為(wei):東門(men)東方(fang)矩障,西門(men)丹鼎鐘祥,北(bei)門(men)碩高(gao)(gao)居勝, 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)根據地(di)形(xing)筑六座(zuo)馬臉(lian)以及墩臺、藏兵洞等,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內東南(nan)側(ce)(ce)即為(wei)趙(zhao)范建造的(de)(de)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中心有樓(lou),稱(cheng)“完(wan)璧(bi)樓(lou)”,取(qu)“完(wan)璧(bi)歸趙(zhao)”之(zhi)(zhi)意,樓(lou)為(wei)三(san)(san)合土(tu)夯筑,正(zheng)方(fang)形(xing)三(san)(san)層(ceng)四(si)合式,呈(cheng)回字形(xing),邊長(chang)20米(mi),其中三(san)(san)層(ceng)隔墻(qiang)(qiang),作大(da)(da)通間(jian),以供城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中壯丁守衛時(shi)住,樓(lou)前(qian)建對向的(de)(de)二層(ceng)小(xiao)(xiao)樓(lou),以樓(lou)后(hou)墻(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中主體建筑為(wei)趙(zhao)范府第,位于(yu)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)正(zheng)中心,坐南(nan)朝北(bei),四(si)座(zuo)同式建筑并(bing)列,每座(zuo)由門(men)廳、前(qian)廳、兩(liang)廡(wu)天井、中堂、后(hou)樓(lou)組成(cheng)(cheng),面(mian)寬五間(jian), 臺梁木結構,硬山(shan)(shan)頂(ding),并(bing)于(yu)府第兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)建三(san)(san)組廂房(fang),府第前(qian)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)開蓮花池,池被一(yi)(yi)道長(chang)堤分成(cheng)(cheng)前(qian)后(hou)兩(liang)池,于(yu)左側(ce)(ce)建汴派(pai)橋(qiao),橋(qiao)以一(yi)(yi)券頂(ding)拱橋(qiao)與一(yi)(yi)平板橋(qiao)組成(cheng)(cheng), 系(xi)仿北(bei)宋故都開封的(de)(de)潘楊二湖和州橋(qiao)的(de)(de)立意設置(zhi), 池東側(ce)(ce)建四(si)座(zuo)同式五開間(jian)堂屋及“輯卿小(xiao)(xiao)院(yuan)”、“讀書處”、形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)居住區(qu);池的(de)(de)西側(ce)(ce)為(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)山(shan)(shan),于(yu)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)布置(zhi)了(le)佛廟(miao), 聚佛寶塔、禹廟(miao),廟(miao)四(si)周(zhou)有意識地(di)保存(cun)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)原始狀態的(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi),于(yu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)上(shang)留下了(le)十幾處石(shi)刻,而形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)大(da)(da)形(xing)的(de)(de)園林區(qu)。
黃道周墓
黃(huang)道周墓(mu)(mu)(mu)在(zai)漳浦縣北(bei)山,即離黃(huang)道周講學(xue)處不遠的地(di)方(fang)。黃(huang)道周墓(mu)(mu)(mu)坐南朝北(bei),為三合土結構,寬10米,長12米,周圍種滿樹(shu)木。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)碑(bei)題寫:“明賜進士光(guang)祿大夫柱國少(shao)保兼太(tai)子太(tai)師、吏、兵二(er)部(bu)尚書、武英殿大學(xue)士前詹事(shi)府經(jing)筵講官,贈文(wen)明佰,謚忠(zhong)端黃(huang)石齋先生(sheng)暨配誥封正一品夫人(ren)(ren)謚考徽(hui)蔡氏之佳城(cheng)。”墓(mu)(mu)(mu)側有“四君子墓(mu)(mu)(mu)”,也座南朝北(bei),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)碑(bei)寫“殉節(jie)門(men)人(ren)(ren)四君子之墓(mu)(mu)(mu)”。至今,黃(huang)道周及四君子墓(mu)(mu)(mu)保存完(wan)好,經(jing)常(chang)有人(ren)(ren)前往朝拜(bai)瞻仰,回(hui)想黃(huang)道周的一生(sheng)光(guang)輝業績,是漳浦人(ren)(ren)也是中華民(min)族的驕傲(ao)。