公園歷史
在該足印遺跡產出的(de)附近地區,已經多處發現恐龍骨骼化石。為(wei)進一步研究恐龍的(de)類別和研究足印遺跡與造跡生(sheng)物之間的(de)關系提供了重要線(xian)索。
恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)印(yin)化石(shi)是研究恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)習(xi)性的珍貴(gui)材料,其形態(tai)、排列(lie)方(fang)式和(he)(he)組合特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)能夠真實(shi)地反映(ying)相(xiang)當一部分(fen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)習(xi)性,如個(ge)體大小、運(yun)動(dong)方(fang)式(四足(zu)或(huo)兩足(zu)行走)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)方(fang)式(群居或(huo)獨居)等,同時能夠為(wei)研究恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)環境和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)類別(bie)提供重要(yao)依據(ju)。由于(yu)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類別(bie)多樣(yang),形態(tai)古怪,并以體軀巨大而(er)著稱(cheng),在成(cheng)功地統治地球(qiu)長(chang)達(da)一億(yi)六千(qian)萬(wan)年之(zhi)后,又在距今約6千(qian)5百萬(wan)年前全部消失(shi),其從發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到繁盛、從衰落到絕滅的整個(ge)演化過程充滿著傳奇(qi)和(he)(he)神秘(mi)色彩(cai)。相(xiang)信(xin)甘肅劉家峽恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)國家地質(zhi)(zhi)公園肯定會(hui)吸引眾多學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)社會(hui)各界人士參(can)觀考察,使其成(cheng)為(wei)最受青(qing)睞的、津津樂道和(he)(he)普遍關(guan)注的地質(zhi)(zhi)公園。
劉家峽恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)群(qun),保(bao)存(cun)十分完整和(he)(he)清(qing)晰,立體(ti)感強。同時,在同一巖層層面(mian)(mian)上(shang)還保(bao)存(cun)有(you)(you)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)臥(wo)跡(ji)、尾(wei)部拖(tuo)痕及糞跡(ji)等,構成(cheng)了足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)、臥(wo)跡(ji)、拖(tuo)痕和(he)(he)糞跡(ji)共存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)場面(mian)(mian),非常(chang)獨特(te)。在已(yi)經揭露的(de)(de)(de)總計710平方米的(de)(de)(de)巖層層面(mian)(mian)上(shang)發現(xian)了8類(lei)(lei)(lei)30組270個足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin),其(qi)中至(zhi)少(shao)包括(kuo)兩類(lei)(lei)(lei)巨型蜥(xi)腳類(lei)(lei)(lei)、兩類(lei)(lei)(lei)獸腳類(lei)(lei)(lei)、一類(lei)(lei)(lei)似鳥龍(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)其(qi)它三類(lei)(lei)(lei)形(xing)態獨特(te)、尚未歸屬的(de)(de)(de)足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin),代表至(zhi)少(shao)8個屬種。在同地(di)點(dian)出(chu)現(xian)如此多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)植類(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)(he)食(shi)肉類(lei)(lei)(lei)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin),在國(guo)內尚屬首次(ci),在世(shi)界上(shang)也(ye)極為罕見(jian)。劉家峽恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)群(qun)中最大的(de)(de)(de)一組蜥(xi)腳類(lei)(lei)(lei)足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)為世(shi)界之(zhi)最,已(yi)列入世(shi)界紀錄協(xie)會世(shi)界最大恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)群(qun)候選世(shi)界紀錄。而(er)且該類(lei)(lei)(lei)足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)前足(zu)(zu)(zu)小,后足(zu)(zu)(zu)大,前后足(zu)(zu)(zu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)成(cheng)對出(chu)現(xian)并有(you)(you)規律地(di)部分疊覆,為國(guo)內外(wai)首次(ci)發現(xian)。
黃(huang)河三(san)峽恐龍足(zu)印群(qun)化石地(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡位于鹽鍋峽水(shui)電(dian)站上(shang)游(you)1公里處的太極湖北岸,距縣(xian)城水(shui)上(shang)距離43公里。該(gai)遺跡是在1999年(nian)7月(yue)至8月(yue),由(you)甘肅省(sheng)第三(san)地(di)(di)質(zhi)礦產(chan)勘(kan)查(cha)院(原(yuan)蘭州(zhou)地(di)(di)質(zhi)礦產(chan)勘(kan)查(cha)院)古(gu)生物研究開發中心主任李大(da)慶博士等(deng)地(di)(di)質(zhi)工作(zuo)者進行古(gu)生物地(di)(di)層(ceng)調查(cha)工作(zuo)過程中發現的。從1999年(nian)8月(yue)開始,由(you)三(san)勘(kan)院負責(ze)開始人(ren)工揭(jie)露,目前已揭(jie)露面積近(jin)2000平方米(mi),挖掘出10類150組共1724個足(zu)印。其中最大(da)足(zu)印為(wei)150cm×120cm,為(wei)世界之最。
劉家(jia)峽白(bai)堊紀恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)化石的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)群發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)甘(gan)肅省尚屬(shu)(shu)(shu)首次,該化石與其(qi)它產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)生物(wu)遺跡(ji)(ji)相比,有(you)五(wu)個(ge)顯著特(te)點:其(qi)一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保存(cun)完(wan)(wan)好、清晰(xi)度(du)高。絕(jue)大(da)多數產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)化石是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經自然風化作用而(er)(er)(er)暴(bao)露(lu)于地(di)(di)(di)表的(de)(de)(de),足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)往往遭(zao)到一(yi)(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞,而(er)(er)(er)劉家(jia)峽恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)化石完(wan)(wan)全是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經過人工仔細揭露(lu)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de),因而(er)(er)(er)保存(cun)得十(shi)分完(wan)(wan)整和清晰(xi),立(li)體(ti)(ti)感(gan)強。同時,在(zai)(zai)同一(yi)(yi)巖(yan)層(ceng)層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)還保存(cun)有(you)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)臥跡(ji)(ji)、 尾部拖痕及糞跡(ji)(ji)等,構成(cheng)了足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)、 臥跡(ji)(ji)、拖跡(ji)(ji)和糞跡(ji)(ji)共存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)場面(mian)(mian),因而(er)(er)(er)非常獨特(te)。其(qi)二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)大(da),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種多。在(zai)(zai)已揭露(lu)的(de)(de)(de)總計2000平方米的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)層(ceng)層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)至少(shao)有(you)兩類(lei)巨型晰(xi)腳(jiao)類(lei),兩類(lei)獸腳(jiao)類(lei),一(yi)(yi)類(lei)似(si)鳥(niao)龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei),一(yi)(yi)類(lei)翼龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)和其(qi)它三類(lei)形態(tai)獨特(te)、尚未歸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin),代表至少(shao)9個(ge)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種。在(zai)(zai)同地(di)(di)(di)點出(chu)現(xian)(xian)如此(ci)多樣的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)植(zhi)物(wu)類(lei)和食(shi)肉類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin),在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內尚屬(shu)(shu)(shu)首次,在(zai)(zai)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)也極(ji)為罕(han)(han)見(jian)。其(qi)三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)大(da)而(er)(er)(er)獨特(te)。以前(qian)(qian)在(zai)(zai)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)所發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1982年韓國(guo)慶尚道一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)海岸(an)邊發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)長120厘(li)米,寬64厘(li)米的(de)(de)(de)晰(xi)腳(jiao)類(lei)(腕(wan)龍(long)(long)(long))足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)。專家(jia)們確定留(liu)下該足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)龐然大(da)物(wu),它兩步(bu)就可(ke)以跨過一(yi)(yi)個(ge)籃球(qiu)場,體(ti)(ti)長至少(shao)有(you)20米,體(ti)(ti)重接近50噸。而(er)(er)(er)且該類(lei)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)前(qian)(qian)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)小,后(hou)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)大(da),前(qian)(qian)后(hou)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)成(cheng)對出(chu)現(xian)(xian),并有(you)規(gui)(gui)律地(di)(di)(di)部分疊(die)覆(fu),為國(guo)內外首次發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)。其(qi)四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)出(chu)現(xian)(xian),在(zai)(zai)已經揭露(lu)的(de)(de)(de)1號點同一(yi)(yi)點上(shang)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)上(shang)、下兩個(ge)產(chan)(chan)有(you)不(bu)同恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)位,而(er)(er)(er)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)群發(fa)(fa)生了演替,這種足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)世(shi)界(jie)亦屬(shu)(shu)(shu)罕(han)(han)見(jian)。其(qi)五(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伴(ban)有(you)骨骼化石發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)。在(zai)(zai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)化石遺跡(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)附近地(di)(di)(di)區,已經多處發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)骨骼化石。雖然尚未進行(xing)系統發(fa)(fa)掘。總而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),該恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)化石規(gui)(gui)模(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)、種類(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)多、保存(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)完(wan)(wan)好、清晰(xi)度(du)之(zhi)(zhi)高、立(li)體(ti)(ti)感(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)強,均為世(shi)界(jie)少(shao)有(you)。
恐龍(long)是(shi)(shi)中生(sheng)代地球上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龐然大(da)物(wu),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅絕至今仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)科學上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)謎。新生(sheng)代動(dong)物(wu)遺骨(gu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)化石已屬稀(xi)罕,中生(sheng)代恐龍(long)足印(yin)(yin)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)化石堪稱奇(qi)跡(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奇(qi)跡(ji)。據專家考證,永(yong)靖縣恐龍(long)足印(yin)(yin)化石形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)于一(yi)(yi)億(yi)七千萬(wan)年前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侏羅(luo)紀或早白堊紀時代,是(shi)(shi)在(zai)當(dang)時泥濘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地上留(liu)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),腳踩下后(hou)(hou)帶(dai)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淤泥也保存完好,經(jing)過(guo)上億(yi)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演變成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化石。專家們根(gen)據足印(yin)(yin)有(you)從南往北(bei),有(you)從東(dong)向西,相互(hu)交叉方(fang)向,形(xing)(xing)象(xiang)地描繪了(le)(le)當(dang)時這(zhe)(zhe)樣一(yi)(yi)個(ge)場(chang)景:在(zai)一(yi)(yi)億(yi)七千萬(wan)年前, 黃河還沒有(you)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng), 這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)古湖(hu)(hu)泊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)。那時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)泊正(zheng)處于枯水期(qi),沙(sha)(sha)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)露在(zai)外表(biao)上,還是(shi)(shi)半潮濕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恐龍(long)家族(zu)爬(pa)(pa)出湖(hu)(hu)泊,經(jing)過(guo)沙(sha)(sha)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)向岸上走去,沿山爬(pa)(pa)行,后(hou)(hou)面(mian)兇(xiong)猛(meng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靠后(hou)(hou)肢行走的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)虛骨(gu)龍(long)追隨而至。松軟(ruan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)上就留(liu)下了(le)(le)它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)足印(yin)(yin),越(yue)往岸上足印(yin)(yin)越(yue)清楚。以后(hou)(hou)沙(sha)(sha)灘(tan)(tan)(tan)進一(yi)(yi)步(bu)脫水、干燥,在(zai)足印(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)層硬(ying)殼,等到下一(yi)(yi)個(ge)季節,水位上漲(zhang),迅速淹沒了(le)(le)這(zhe)(zhe)片沙(sha)(sha)灘(tan)(tan)(tan),湖(hu)(hu)水帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥沙(sha)(sha)覆蓋了(le)(le)足印(yin)(yin)。
劉家(jia)峽(xia)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)印(yin)地質遺(yi)跡(ji)的發掘,引起了國(guo)內(nei)外生物研(yan)究專家(jia)的廣泛(fan)關注(zhu)。2001年3月,在國(guo)內(nei)被稱為“恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王”的中國(guo)科學(xue)院古(gu)脊椎動(dong)物與古(gu)人類(lei)研(yan)究所(suo)著名(ming)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)專家(jia)趙喜(xi)進教授野外現(xian)場鑒(jian)定后認為:“該(gai)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)印(yin)群(qun)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)世界罕見的,具(ju)(ju)有重大科學(xue)意義的恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)遺(yi)跡(ji)化石(shi)產地。其足(zu)(zu)印(yin)之大,類(lei)別和(he)屬種之多(duo),保(bao)存之清晰完好,堪稱世界之最(zui),具(ju)(ju)有重大的古(gu)生物地質遺(yi)跡(ji)保(bao)護價值”;2002年4月份,美國(guo)克羅拉多(duo)大學(xue)古(gu)生物博物館(guan)館(guan)長馬丁(ding)·羅克里教授在現(xian)場考(kao)察(cha)研(yan)究過(guo)程中,識別出翼龍(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)鳥腳類(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)印(yin)化石(shi),這在我國(guo)是(shi)首次發現(xian);同年10月,日本福田(tian)縣恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)博物館(guan)博士東(dong)洋(yang)一(yi)(yi)教授一(yi)(yi)行5人到恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)印(yin)化石(shi)考(kao)察(cha)時,驚嘆地說:“這是(shi)我在亞洲看(kan)到的最(zui)好的恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)印(yin),此次發現(xian),屬世界第一(yi)(yi),具(ju)(ju)有很高的科研(yan)價值”。
劉(liu)家峽(xia)恐(kong)龍足印地質遺(yi)跡的發掘,不僅(jin)具有(you)極高的科研(yan)和(he)科普價值,也是(shi)一處非常罕見(jian)的自然(ran)景(jing)觀。為了保(bao)護挖掘恐(kong)龍足印化石潛在(zai)的科研(yan)科普和(he)觀賞(shang)旅(lv)游價值,于2001年11月省(sheng)政府批準(zhun)建立(li)“劉(liu)家峽(xia)白堊(e)紀(ji)恐(kong)龍足印群省(sheng)級自然(ran)保(bao)護區”,12月國土資源(yuan)部批準(zhun)興建“劉(liu)家峽(xia)恐(kong)龍國家地質公(gong)園(yuan)”,規劃投資9600萬元,建成開放(fang)式恐(kong)龍博物(wu)館,將帶(dai)著人們(men)走近遠古時代,再現白堊(e)紀(ji)恐(kong)龍生活(huo)場(chang)景(jing)。
地理環境
甘肅(su)劉家(jia)峽(xia)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)國家(jia)地(di)質公園(yuan),總面(mian)(mian)積約(yue)十五平方公里。一九九八年八月,經過野外地(di)質勘(kan)察發(fa)現(xian)了國內罕見的(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)化石群。截止目前,在化石比較集中的(de)二平方公里的(de)范圍(wei)內共(gong)發(fa)現(xian)十處恐(kong)龍(long)(long)足跡化石點,計四(si)十六組共(gong)四(si)百(bai)零四(si)個恐(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)。劉家(jia)峽(xia)巨(ju)型(xing)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)化石是中國乃至世界恐(kong)龍(long)(long)足跡研(yan)究的(de)重大(da)(da)發(fa)現(xian)。該化石群化石類型(xing)豐富,其規(gui)模之大(da)(da)、種類之多、遺(yi)存之完整、清晰(xi)度之高,且雙層面(mian)(mian)出現(xian),均(jun)屬世界之最。
劉家峽恐(kong)龍國家地(di)質公(gong)園(yuan)創建于2001年(nian)12月,是(shi)省(sheng)級自然保護(hu)區,無論就足(zu)印(yin)(yin)的多樣性,還是(shi)就保存的完好程度方(fang)面,劉家峽恐(kong)龍足(zu)印(yin)(yin)化石群(qun)都為世界(jie)所罕見(jian)。其(qi)中翼龍類(lei)、鳥腳類(lei)、蜥腳類(lei)、獸(shou)腳類(lei)等多種恐(kong)龍足(zu)印(yin)(yin)的大規(gui)模集中發現在(zai)國內尚(shang)屬首次,是(shi)一處(chu)珍貴的地(di)質遺跡(ji),同時也(ye)是(shi)非常寶(bao)貴的旅(lv)游(you)資源。
該公園于1998年發(fa)現(xian)到(dao)現(xian)在已揭露(lu)面積2000多平方米,共有恐(kong)龍足印10類150組1724個,經國內外專家鑒定,這些(xie)足印清晰(xi)度之(zhi)高、足印之(zhi)大、種類之(zhi)多,堪(kan)稱世界(jie)之(zhi)最,其中一個長1.5米、寬1.2米的足印,為目(mu)前世界(jie)上(shang)最大的恐(kong)龍足印。
亟須保護
(所(suo)屬(shu)類型(xing):奇石類)
在甘(gan)肅省永(yong)靖縣(xian),活(huo)靈活(huo)現的(de)劉(liu)家(jia)峽(xia)(xia)恐(kong)龍足印化石(shi)共(gong)有10類172組,距今約有一億萬(wan)年。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)舉世罕見的(de)“東方瑰寶”,具有世界級的(de)科(ke)研價值和(he)展覽價值。由此,永(yong)靖縣(xian)這(zhe)(zhe)個名(ming)不見經傳(chuan)的(de)西部貧困小縣(xian),因(yin)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)世界上(shang)獨(du)一無二的(de)恐(kong)龍足印化石(shi)而聲名(ming)鵲起,被譽為中(zhong)國古生物(wu)的(de)“伊甸園”,成為永(yong)靖縣(xian)繼炳(bing)靈寺(si)石(shi)窟、劉(liu)家(jia)峽(xia)(xia)水電站、黃河三峽(xia)(xia)(炳(bing)靈峽(xia)(xia)、劉(liu)家(jia)峽(xia)(xia)、鹽鍋(guo)峽(xia)(xia))之后的(de)又一張名(ming)片(pian)。
但是(shi),由于受資金之困,這些世界上獨(du)一無二(er)的地質遺跡(ji)(ji)的保護、開發、產業延伸(shen)等面臨(lin)一系列難題。全(quan)面保護與管理(li)劉家峽恐龍足印化石群(qun)地質遺跡(ji)(ji),已經到了刻不容緩的地步。
價值
甘肅(su)劉家峽(xia)(xia)恐龍國(guo)家地質公園(yuan)位于甘肅(su)省永靖縣(xian)境內,黃河三(san)峽(xia)(xia)國(guo)家AAAA級(ji)風景名勝區(qu)的鹽鍋峽(xia)(xia)水庫庫區(qu)北岸,距鹽鍋峽(xia)(xia)大壩(ba)1公里(li),占地面積(ji)為15平(ping)方公里(li),是由世界(jie)罕見的白堊紀恐龍足印(yin)化(hua)石群、恐龍臥跡(ji)、尾部(bu)拖痕、糞跡(ji)以及白堊紀晚期地層剖(pou)面、第三(san)級(ji)夷平(ping)面、古生物(wu)化(hua)石點、泥(ni)裂和(he)波痕等沉(chen)積(ji)構(gou)造、正斷層和(he)褶皺構(gou)造等構(gou)成的自然地質遺跡(ji)景觀(guan),具有極高的科(ke)研、科(ke)普和(he)旅游觀(guan)賞價(jia)值。
八項國內外之最
劉家峽(xia)恐龍(long)足(zu)印(yin)化石(shi)群地(di)質(zhi)遺跡(ji)是由甘(gan)肅省地(di)質(zhi)局(ju)第三地(di)質(zhi)礦產(chan)勘(kan)察院蘭州古生(sheng)物(wu)研(yan)究開發中心于1999年(nian)8月(yue)首次(ci)發現(xian)并進行了(le)初步揭露(lu)(lu)和研(yan)究,到2002年(nian)底,已揭露(lu)(lu)面(mian)積達(da)2800平(ping)方米,產(chan)10類172組1831個足(zu)印(yin),還發現(xian)了(le)多處(chu)古生(sheng)物(wu)、節肢動物(wu)和蟲跡(ji)化石(shi)。2001年(nian)3月(yue),經我國(guo)著名的古脊椎動物(wu)與古人類研(yan)究專家趙喜進教授現(xian)場鑒(jian)定,這些恐龍(long)足(zu)化石(shi)群地(di)質(zhi)遺跡(ji)保存完好(hao),清(qing)晰度高(gao),立體感強(qiang),為國(guo)內外罕見;足(zu)印(yin)分布密集度之(zhi)高(gao),為國(guo)內外所獨有;足(zu)印(yin)之(zhi)大為世界(jie)之(zhi)最!
足印保存之完好
清晰(xi)度之高,國內外罕(han)見(jian)。絕大多數產地的恐龍足(zu)印化石(shi)都是(shi)經自然作(zuo)用而暴露于地表的,足(zu)印往往遭到一(yi)定程度的破壞,而劉(liu)家峽恐龍足(zu)印化石(shi)群完全(quan)是(shi)經過人工仔細揭露出來(lai),保存得十分完整和(he)清晰(xi),立體感強;同(tong)時(shi),在同(tong)一(yi)巖層(ceng)層(ceng)面(mian)上(shang)還保存有恐龍臥跡(ji)、尾部拖痕及糞(fen)跡(ji),構成了足(zu)印、臥跡(ji)和(he)糞(fen)跡(ji)共(gong)存的場面(mian),因而非(fei)常獨(du)特。
足印規模之大
屬(shu)種(zhong)之多,國內外(wai)獨有(you)(you)。經專家考證確認,劉家峽恐(kong)龍足印(yin)化石群至少包括兩類(lei)巨型(xing)蜥腳(jiao)類(lei)、兩類(lei)獸腳(jiao)類(lei),一(yi)(yi)類(lei)似鳥龍類(lei)、一(yi)(yi)類(lei)翼(yi)龍類(lei)、一(yi)(yi)類(lei)虛骨類(lei)和其他形(xing)態獨特、尚未(wei)歸(gui)屬(shu)的(de)足印(yin),代表(biao)至少9個屬(shu)種(zhong)。這些足印(yin)是生活在(zai)(zai)距今(jin)l億(yi)年前的(de)早(zao)白(bai)堊(e)紀時代的(de)恐(kong)龍所留(liu),屬(shu)種(zhong)數量(liang)之多和分布密集程(cheng)度之高,為國內外(wai)所獨有(you)(you),從現有(you)(you)發現已經顯示(shi),進一(yi)(yi)步揭(jie)露將會出現更(geng)多數量(liang)和新(xin)的(de)類(lei)型(xing);而在(zai)(zai)同一(yi)(yi)地點出現如(ru)此多樣的(de)食植(zhi)物類(lei)和食肉類(lei)恐(kong)龍足印(yin),在(zai)(zai)國內尚屬(shu)首次(ci),在(zai)(zai)世界上(shang)也極為罕見。
足印之大世
界(jie)之最(zui)。劉(liu)家(jia)峽恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)化石群中最(zui)大的一(yi)(yi)組蜥腳類足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin),其(qi)后足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)長(chang)(chang)l.5米(mi),寬1.2米(mi),足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有半個乒乓球桌子大小(xiao);前足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)最(zui)大長(chang)(chang)達l.1米(mi),寬l米(mi)。這(zhe)比此前在我國(guo)四川、內蒙古(gu)發(fa)現的巨(ju)型恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin),以及(ji)在韓(han)國(guo)發(fa)現的長(chang)(chang)1.2米(mi)的巨(ju)型恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)都要(yao)大得多。它前后兩足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)步幅為3.75米(mi),兩條(tiao)后腿間的距離為3.45米(mi),兩步就(jiu)可(ke)以跨(kua)過一(yi)(yi)個籃(lan)球場。專家(jia)根據它的步幅分析,留下足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)的這(zhe)只恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)體(ti)長(chang)(chang)在20米(mi)以上,體(ti)重接近50噸,這(zhe)是迄今(jin)為止世界(jie)上發(fa)現的最(zui)大一(yi)(yi)只恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)。更為驚人(ren)的是,這(zhe)組足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)前足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)小(xiao)、后足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)大,前后足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)印(yin)成對出現并有規(gui)律地部(bu)分疊壓,在國(guo)內外(wai)尚屬首(shou)次發(fa)現。
足印產出層面之(zhi)多(duo)
舉世罕見(jian)。在已揭露的(de)劉(liu)家峽恐龍足印(yin)化(hua)石群1號點(dian)上,同(tong)時出現了上、下兩個(ge)產有不(bu)同(tong)恐龍足印(yin)類(lei)型的(de)層位,且(qie)恐龍類(lei)群發生了演替,這(zhe)種足印(yin)產地在世界(jie)亦屬罕見(jian)。
獸腳類足印
國內罕見(jian)。2001年4月,新揭露(lu)出的一(yi)塊(kuai)恐龍足(zu)印化石(shi)上端三指(zhi)(zhi)印痕(hen)清晰可見(jian),下部掌痕(hen)也很清楚。令人稱奇的是,其中指(zhi)(zhi)上骨竹節(jie)印痕(hen)特別清晰,整個足(zu)印大(da)小為(wei)0.48米×0.47米,屬于白(bai)堊紀的禽龍足(zu)印化石(shi),是一(yi)種獸腳類的恐龍,在國內比較罕見(jian)。
翼龍鳥腳類足印
填補國(guo)內(nei)空白(bai)。2002年4月,世界著名恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足跡專家(jia)、美國(guo)克(ke)羅拉多大學(xue)古生物博物館館長馬丁?羅克(ke)里教授實(shi)(shi)地(di)考(kao)查劉家(jia)峽恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足印(yin)化(hua)石群(qun),在(zai)(zai)(zai)1號化(hua)石點上(shang)新識(shi)別出13只(zhi)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)后足足跡,行跡總長為5米,并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1號點和(he)6號點上(shang)也均發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鳥(niao)(niao)腳(jiao)類(lei)(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足印(yin),填補了(le)國(guo)內(nei)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)鳥(niao)(niao)腳(jiao)類(lei)(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足印(yin)的(de)空白(bai)。據(ju)專家(jia)介紹,在(zai)(zai)(zai)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)統治(zhi)地(di)球的(de)同時,還(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)另外一些(xie)(xie)生物統治(zhi)著天空,這些(xie)(xie)生物就是翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)。科(ke)學(xue)家(jia)們研究(jiu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian),鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)并(bing)非(fei)由這些(xie)(xie)飛行的(de)爬行動(dong)物演化(hua)而來,是在(zai)(zai)(zai)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)之后演化(hua)出來的(de)。事實(shi)(shi)上(shang),早期鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)骨架和(he)它(ta)(ta)們某(mou)些(xie)(xie)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)親戚的(de)非(fei)常相(xiang)似。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)如知更鳥(niao)(niao)般大小(xiao),甚至更小(xiao);其(qi)它(ta)(ta)的(de)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)則(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)型飛機(ji)那(nei)么大。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)長有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)強健的(de)肌肉(rou),可(ke)以展(zhan)翅(chi)飛翔,其(qi)它(ta)(ta)的(de)只(zhi)能借助氣流(liu)滑翔。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)甘肅永靖劉家(jia)峽發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)屬(shu)于較小(xiao)的(de)類(lei)(lei)型,據(ju)分(fen)析它(ta)(ta)展(zhan)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)后寬2米,形體似禿鷲大小(xiao)。我國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)曾有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian),但(dan)其(qi)足印(yin)此前(qian)還(huan)(huan)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)過(guo),并(bing)且在(zai)(zai)(zai)世界上(shang)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)足印(yin)也不多見(jian),只(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩三個發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)點。
蘭州龍
——世界(jie)最大牙齒恐(kong)(kong)龍。在(zai)該足印遺跡(ji)(ji)產(chan)出的(de)(de)附近(jin)地(di)區,已經(jing)多處(chu)發(fa)現恐(kong)(kong)龍骨(gu)骼化石(shi),雖然尚未(wei)進(jin)行系統挖(wa)掘,但至少為(wei)進(jin)一(yi)步研究(jiu)恐(kong)(kong)龍的(de)(de)類別和研究(jiu)足印遺跡(ji)(ji)與造跡(ji)(ji)生物之(zhi)間的(de)(de)關系提供了重要線(xian)索。特別是(shi)在(zai)距劉家峽恐(kong)(kong)龍足印群(qun)數十公里處(chu)的(de)(de)同時代地(di)層分布(bu)中(zhong),發(fa)現了較為(wei)完整的(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍尾(wei)椎(zhui)化石(shi),包(bao)括下頜(he)骨(gu)、頸椎(zhui)、脊椎(zhui)、肋(lei)骨(gu)、尾(wei)椎(zhui)、坐骨(gu)、恥(chi)骨(gu)等103塊化石(shi),被命名(ming)為(wei)“蘭州龍”。經(jing)中(zhong)國科學(xue)院鑒定是(shi)目前世界(jie)上最大牙齒的(de)(de)植食性恐(kong)(kong)龍,也(ye)是(shi)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)現的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)屬新(xin)(xin)種恐(kong)(kong)龍,它代表了鳥腳類恐(kong)(kong)龍進(jin)化中(zhong)四足行走的(de)(de)笨重的(de)(de)一(yi)個新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)類型,填(tian)補(bu)了恐(kong)(kong)龍學(xue)研究(jiu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)項空白。
劉家峽黃河巨龍
——國(guo)(guo)內最(zui)(zui)(zui)胖恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。劉家(jia)峽(xia)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)發現(xian)于甘(gan)肅(su)省劉家(jia)峽(xia)水庫附(fu)近。2002年開始發掘,前后歷時3年,2006年完(wan)成(cheng)對黃(huang)(huang)河(he)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化石的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究。研(yan)究成(cheng)果顯示:黃(huang)(huang)河(he)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)以其臀(tun)部(bu)寬大(da)和(he)前肢較長(chang)為(wei)特(te)征,是國(guo)(guo)內已知最(zui)(zui)(zui)“胖”的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。黃(huang)(huang)河(he)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)長(chang)約20米(mi),薦椎(臀(tun)部(bu)骨(gu)(gu)骼的(de)(de)(de)中間部(bu)分)不(bu)足半米(mi)高,卻寬達110厘(li)米(mi),123厘(li)米(mi)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)肩(jian)胛骨(gu)(gu)最(zui)(zui)(zui)寬處可以達到83厘(li)米(mi),而國(guo)(guo)內以前發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)——馬門溪龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長(chang)可達30余米(mi),但(dan)是身(shen)材細長(chang),推測其體重(zhong)不(bu)及新(xin)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。據介紹,黃(huang)(huang)河(he)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬于原始的(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)型(xing)(xing)蜥腳類(lei)(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),其時代為(wei)白(bai)(bai)堊(e)紀(ji)早(zao)期(qi)(qi),而巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)型(xing)(xing)蜥腳類(lei)(lei)是最(zui)(zui)(zui)成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)類(lei)(lei)蜥腳類(lei)(lei),它(ta)取代了(le)繁盛一(yi)時的(de)(de)(de)侏羅(luo)紀(ji)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)(lei)蜥腳類(lei)(lei),如馬門溪龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)和(he)梁(liang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)等(deng),主導了(le)白(bai)(bai)堊(e)紀(ji)。劉家(jia)峽(xia)黃(huang)(huang)河(he)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)發現(xian)為(wei)亞(ya)洲早(zao)白(bai)(bai)堊(e)紀(ji)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)型(xing)(xing)蜥腳類(lei)(lei)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)再添新(xin)成(cheng)員(yuan),對研(yan)究巨(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)型(xing)(xing)蜥腳類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)起源和(he)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)進化具有重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。
綜合價值
由于(yu)(yu)恐(kong)龍(long)統治地球(qiu)(qiu)長達1.7億年(nian)之后(hou),又在距(ju)今6500萬年(nian)前(qian)突(tu)然神秘消失(shi),其從(cong)產(chan)生到繁盛,從(cong)衰落到絕滅的(de)(de)整個過程(cheng)充滿傳奇和(he)(he)神秘色彩(cai)。恐(kong)龍(long)及其足印化(hua)石(shi)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)類史前(qian)地質歷史時期形成并賦存于(yu)(yu)地層中的(de)(de)生物(wu)遺(yi)體(ti)和(he)(he)活動遺(yi)跡(ji),也是(shi)(shi)地球(qiu)(qiu)歷史的(de)(de)鑒證,是(shi)(shi)研究生物(wu)起源和(he)(he)進化(hua)等的(de)(de)科學(xue)依據,它(ta)不同于(yu)(yu)文物(wu),是(shi)(shi)重要的(de)(de)地質遺(yi)跡(ji),是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)寶(bao)貴的(de)(de)、不可再生的(de)(de)自然遺(yi)產(chan),具有不可估(gu)量的(de)(de)綜合價值。因而,恐(kong)龍(long)足印化(hua)石(shi)不僅僅深深吸(xi)引著許多專家和(he)(he)學(xue)者,還(huan)吸(xi)引著眾多的(de)(de)學(xue)生和(he)(he)社會各界人(ren)士,使其成為(wei)最受青睞(lai)的(de)(de)、津津樂道(dao)和(he)(he)普遍關注(zhu)的(de)(de)一類古生物(wu)化(hua)石(shi)。
提供依據
對研究(jiu)古生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活環(huan)境(jing)和(he)類(lei)別提(ti)供(gong)(gong)重(zhong)要(yao)依(yi)據。恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)足印(yin)(yin)形(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)條件比較(jiao)特(te)(te)殊,而恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)足印(yin)(yin)化(hua)(hua)石的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)態(tai)、排列方式和(he)組合特(te)(te)征能(neng)夠(gou)真(zhen)實(shi)地(di)(di)(di)反(fan)映(ying)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)相當(dang)(dang)一部分(fen)生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)特(te)(te)征和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活習性。專家認為(wei)(wei)(wei),當(dang)(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)應該是裸露于(yu)湖面之上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含有一定泥(ni)(ni)沙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湖灘,由于(yu)其(qi)裸露于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao),逐(zhu)漸(jian)脫水,處于(yu)一種半濕(shi)半干的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai),當(dang)(dang)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)行走(zou)時,留(liu)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腳印(yin)(yin)能(neng)夠(gou)成形(xing)(xing)。體積大(da)、重(zhong)量大(da),留(liu)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)痕跡(ji)就(jiu)深,反(fan)之,就(jiu)小就(jiu)淺(qian)。如(ru)果當(dang)(dang)時地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)泥(ni)(ni)沙太(tai)稀,所留(liu)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腳印(yin)(yin)就(jiu)不可(ke)能(neng)成形(xing)(xing);如(ru)果太(tai)干,就(jiu)不可(ke)能(neng)留(liu)下腳印(yin)(yin)。化(hua)(hua)石中呈現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龜裂(lie)構造可(ke)以證明當(dang)(dang)時是這(zhe)樣(yang)一種環(huan)境(jing)。劉家峽(xia)巨型恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)足印(yin)(yin)化(hua)(hua)石群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)直接發現者——甘(gan)(gan)肅省地(di)(di)(di)勘(kan)局第(di)三地(di)(di)(di)勘(kan)院古生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)研究(jiu)開發室主任、教授級高(gao)級工程師(shi)李大(da)慶博(bo)士認為(wei)(wei)(wei),一億七千萬年前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甘(gan)(gan)肅永靖(jing)境(jing)內氣候濕(shi)潤,水草豐美,既有廣泛水域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湖泊,也有星羅棋布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小面積河(he)湖,同時還有大(da)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沼澤地(di)(di)(di),生(sheng)(sheng)長著茂密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始森林,這(zhe)就(jiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)活在(zai)這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long),提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存環(huan)境(jing)。特(te)(te)別是“蘭州龍(long)”和(he)“劉家峽(xia)黃河(he)巨龍(long)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現,為(wei)(wei)(wei)揭(jie)示早白堊世蘭州——民和(he)盆地(di)(di)(di)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)動物(wu)(wu)群(qun)面貌提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)寶貴材料。因此,劉家峽(xia)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)足印(yin)(yin)化(hua)(hua)石群(qun)不僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)研究(jiu)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)生(sheng)(sheng)活環(huan)境(jing)和(he)古生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)類(lei)別提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)據,也為(wei)(wei)(wei)研究(jiu)我國古生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)、古生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)學(xue)、古地(di)(di)(di)理(li)學(xue)、古氣象學(xue)等學(xue)科,提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)彌足珍貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)物(wu)(wu)資料。
引發思考
研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)演(yan)化過程會引(yin)發(fa)(fa)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思考。根(gen)據區域地(di)質(zhi)調查的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果,發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)劉家(jia)峽恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)(yin)化石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這一(yi)套地(di)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)河湖(hu)相沉積(ji),屬距今約一(yi)億年(nian)(nian)左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)早白堊紀。同時,從(cong)已發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)(yin)化石(shi)推(tui)斷,這時期(qi)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)蜥腳(jiao)類恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)活動仍很頻繁(fan)。而(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此之前(qian),很多專家(jia)都認(ren)為蜥腳(jiao)類恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)盛期(qi)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)距今約一(yi)億七千萬年(nian)(nian)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中晚侏羅紀。有關專家(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)對劉家(jia)峽恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)(yin)化石(shi)遺跡進一(yi)步(bu)清理后認(ren)為:恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)(yin)化石(shi)遺跡的(de)(de)(de)(de)沉積(ji)構造清楚地(di)顯示,這些恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)(yin)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)湖(hu)泊附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)灘上(shang)(shang)留下的(de)(de)(de)(de),它再(zai)次證(zheng)明了蜥腳(jiao)類恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)是(shi)可以離(li)開(kai)水(shui)體生(sheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)。但從(cong)目前(qian)已開(kai)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)來看,尚存(cun)很多疑點(dian),這勢必(bi)會引(yin)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)科學家(jia)們對恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)再(zai)認(ren)識。同時,對地(di)質(zhi)年(nian)(nian)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同認(ren)識,會在(zai)(zai)(zai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)化或是(shi)否出(chu)現(xian)(xian)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蜥腳(jiao)類恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)方面(mian)引(yin)發(fa)(fa)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思考。劉家(jia)峽恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)(yin)化石(shi)群地(di)質(zhi)遺跡為探索地(di)球(qiu)上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)批死亡、滅絕事件(jian)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu),提供罕見的(de)(de)(de)(de)實體及實地(di)。
與馬門溪龍的關系
研(yan)究劉(liu)家(jia)峽(xia)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)與(yu)馬門(men)(men)溪龍(long)(long)的關系。著名(ming)地質學(xue)家(jia)孫健(jian)初于1947年(nian)曾在(zai)(zai)甘肅蘭州(zhou)紅(hong)古海(hai)石(shi)(shi)灣地區(qu)最早發現(xian)了馬門(men)(men)溪龍(long)(long)蜥腳類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化石(shi)(shi)和(he)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型的鱷類(lei)化石(shi)(shi),其(qi)產出的巖層上(shang)(shang)與(yu)甘肅永靖劉(liu)家(jia)峽(xia)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足(zu)印(yin)(yin)的產出為(wei)同一(yi)類(lei)巖層,兩(liang)地也相距僅幾十公(gong)里,地質區(qu)域同屬蘭州(zhou)——民和(he)盆地(中生(sheng)(sheng)代時期(qi)的湖泊,被公(gong)認為(wei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)曾經生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)過地區(qu)),在(zai)(zai)時間跨度上(shang)(shang)屬早白(bai)堊紀(ji)(距今約一(yi)億三千七百萬年(nian)至一(yi)億年(nian)前)。而(er)馬門(men)(men)溪龍(long)(long)是(shi)已知亞洲第(di)一(yi)、世界第(di)二的四(si)(si)趾(zhi)四(si)(si)足(zu)行(xing)(xing)走食素類(lei)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型蜥腳類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long),在(zai)(zai)全球恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)研(yan)究機(ji)構(gou)和(he)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)愛(ai)好(hao)者中知名(ming)度甚高,但其(qi)足(zu)印(yin)(yin)形態尚不清楚(chu)。因(yin)此,甘肅劉(liu)家(jia)峽(xia)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足(zu)印(yin)(yin)化石(shi)(shi)群(qun)中的巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型四(si)(si)趾(zhi)四(si)(si)足(zu)行(xing)(xing)走,且前后肢足(zu)印(yin)(yin)成(cheng)對出現(xian)的足(zu)印(yin)(yin)是(shi)否為(wei)馬門(men)(men)溪龍(long)(long)所遺?造成(cheng)這種(zhong)足(zu)印(yin)(yin)的恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)與(yu)其(qi)它四(si)(si)種(zhong)三趾(zhi)兩(liang)足(zu)行(xing)(xing)走和(he)三趾(zhi)四(si)(si)足(zu)行(xing)(xing)走恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)之間有何(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態關系?如果研(yan)究證(zheng)實劉(liu)家(jia)峽(xia)巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足(zu)印(yin)(yin)不是(shi)馬門(men)(men)溪龍(long)(long)所留下的,那么就很有可能在(zai)(zai)中晚侏(zhu)羅紀(ji)或是(shi)早白(bai)堊紀(ji)時期(qi),恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)足(zu)印(yin)(yin)化石(shi)(shi)的產出區(qu)域曾生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)過一(yi)種(zhong)迄(qi)今尚未(wei)發現(xian)的巨(ju)(ju)(ju)型蜥腳類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)。諸(zhu)如此類(lei),都必將在(zai)(zai)學(xue)術(shu)界引起普(pu)遍關注。
指導找油
恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)印可指(zhi)導(dao)找油。遠(yuan)古時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甘肅(su)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是個恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)王國(guo),除(chu)了(le)在(zai)劉家(jia)峽(xia)發現(xian)有(you)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)印化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)之外,還在(zai)海(hai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灣、肅(su)北、通渭、慶陽(yang)等地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)發現(xian)有(you)“馬門溪龍(long)(long)(long)”、鸚鵡嘴龍(long)(long)(long)、原(yuan)巴克龍(long)(long)(long)、鴨(ya)嘴龍(long)(long)(long)、巨齒龍(long)(long)(long)、蜥腳(jiao)類恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)、翼龍(long)(long)(long)等恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。據地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)工作(zuo)者對劉家(jia)峽(xia)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)印化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推斷,當(dang)時這(zhe)里曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是一個暖熱潮(chao)濕、多水(shui)濱湖相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古構造(zao)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),這(zhe)一帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)可能屬(shu)于(yu)有(you)重要(yao)成(cheng)油層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侏羅紀地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)。據了(le)解,早在(zai)1947年(nian),我國(guo)著(zhu)名地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)學家(jia)孫健初先生曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)海(hai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灣地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區進行過石(shi)(shi)(shi)油地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)調查工作(zuo),以后國(guo)內著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)學家(jia)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)1948年(nian)、1955年(nian)、1956年(nian)間(jian)做(zuo)過石(shi)(shi)(shi)油地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)調查,甘肅(su)省地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勘局也曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)民(min)和盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一帶做(zuo)過石(shi)(shi)(shi)油天(tian)然氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初步(bu)勘查工作(zuo)。幾次勘查發現(xian),在(zai)臨(lin)夏雙林盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、民(min)和盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)都有(you)比較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油氣(qi)層(ceng)(ceng),有(you)油氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跡象,有(you)油氣(qi)顯示。因此,劉家(jia)峽(xia)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)印化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現(xian),不僅(jin)對研(yan)究當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)、古地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)、古構造(zao)、古氣(qi)候有(you)著(zhu)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義,而且對尋找石(shi)(shi)(shi)油也具有(you)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導(dao)意(yi)義。
保護現狀
古(gu)生物(wu)遺(yi)(yi)跡對于古(gu)生物(wu)的研(yan)究作(zuo)用是(shi)不(bu)言而喻(yu)的,是(shi)人類(lei)的一種不(bu)可再生的寶貴的自然遺(yi)(yi)產,所以對恐(kong)龍足印化石足跡的保護的意義(yi)特別(bie)重大。
為(wei)了保(bao)護發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)恐龍足印化石(shi)群潛在的(de)科研、科普、觀賞價值,甘肅省(sheng)政府以“科教興省(sheng)”省(sheng)長基金資助(zhu)項目來支(zhi)持大規(gui)模的(de)挖掘(jue)(jue)清理(li)工(gong)作,永靖縣也及時(shi)成立了劉家峽恐龍管(guan)理(li)局(ju),甘肅省(sheng)國土資源廳(ting)投入60多萬元資金,共同(tong)進(jin)行了為(wei)期(qi)兩(liang)年(nian)的(de)保(bao)護性開發(fa)(fa),并在發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)地(di)建立了15平方公里的(de)省(sheng)級古生(sheng)物足印化石(shi)保(bao)護區,同(tong)時(shi)禁止周邊地(di)帶(dai)的(de)植(zhi)被被破壞。
在(zai)省(sheng)、州、縣各級部門的大力支(zhi)持(chi)和(he)努力下(xia),2001年(nian)(nian)11月27日(ri),甘肅(su)劉(liu)家(jia)峽(xia)恐龍(long)(long)(long)國(guo)家(jia)地質公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)通過國(guo)土資源(yuan)部的評審。2001年(nian)(nian)12月4日(ri),國(guo)土資源(yuan)部正式批準建(jian)立(li)“甘肅(su)劉(liu)家(jia)峽(xia)恐龍(long)(long)(long)國(guo)家(jia)地質公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)”,并于2002年(nian)(nian)2月28日(ri)在(zai)北京(jing)由國(guo)土資源(yuan)部授匾,列為(wei)第(di)二批國(guo)家(jia)地質公(gong)(gong)園(yuan),也是目前甘肅(su)惟一一處由多種(zhong)恐龍(long)(long)(long)足印化石群構成的國(guo)家(jia)級恐龍(long)(long)(long)地質公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。
基本情況
甘肅劉家(jia)峽恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)國(guo)家(jia)地質(zhi)公(gong)園規劃(hua)面(mian)積15平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li),分為(wei)核心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)試(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)兩大部分,總投資為(wei)9600萬(wan)元(yuan)。核心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)占(zhan)地2平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(含(han)0.15平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水域),建(jian)有恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)博(bo)(bo)物館、恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)主(zhu)展館、古生態(tai)(tai)景觀復(fu)原點、地學展區(qu)(qu)(qu)、管理服務區(qu)(qu)(qu)、綠(lv)化生態(tai)(tai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)主(zhu)體雕(diao)塑廣場以(yi)及其他科學研究設(she)施(shi)等;試(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)占(zhan)地13平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li),包(bao)括綠(lv)化區(qu)(qu)(qu)、休閑(xian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、360度環形影(ying)院等。其中恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)博(bo)(bo)物館投資2300萬(wan)元(yuan),對6000平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)1號(hao)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)印發掘點進行全封閉式的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she),以(yi)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)印群(qun)巖層層面(mian)為(wei)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然背景,包(bao)含(han)甘肅省(sheng)內(nei)和(he)國(guo)內(nei)著名白(bai)堊(e)紀恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)足(zu)印化石骨架以(yi)及其它與(yu)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)生活相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)類古生物化石(真品及仿真品),再現白(bai)堊(e)紀代恐(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活場景。
建設情況
2002年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)20日,甘(gan)肅(su)劉(liu)家峽(xia)(xia)恐龍國家地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園博物館正式(shi)開(kai)工(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she);2003年(nian)6月(yue)(yue),地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園基礎設(she)(she)施工(gong)程全(quan)面開(kai)工(gong)。2005年(nian)10月(yue)(yue),地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園揭碑開(kai)園,向世人開(kai)放。為了進一步加強對地(di)質(zhi)遺跡的(de)保護,2005年(nian)11月(yue)(yue),經省、州兩級(ji)政府批準,正式(shi)成立(li)了甘(gan)肅(su)劉(liu)家峽(xia)(xia)恐龍國家地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園管(guan)理(li)局,為永靖縣(xian)人民政府直(zhi)屬事業單位。
在國家、省、州國土部門高度重(zhong)視和(he)正確(que)領導下,永(yong)靖縣(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)政府狠抓國家地質遺跡保(bao)護項目和(he)基礎設施項目,使公園的保(bao)護水平不斷提高,服務功(gong)能日(ri)趨完善,為推動永(yong)靖經濟發展(zhan)起到積極作用(yong)。
第一、規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)制(zhi)定(ding)了(le)(le)比較完(wan)善的(de)地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)資料。幾年來,縣上多(duo)次(ci)邀請省內著名專家(jia)(jia)(jia)、規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)師對(dui)該地(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡進行(xing)了(le)(le)總(zong)體規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)與科學布局(ju),相(xiang)繼制(zhi)作(zuo)完(wan)成了(le)(le)《甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)峽(xia)恐龍國家(jia)(jia)(jia)地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園總(zong)體規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)及核(he)心區詳細(xi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》、《甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)峽(xia)恐龍國家(jia)(jia)(jia)地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施項(xiang)目可行(xing)性研究報(bao)告》、《甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)峽(xia)恐龍國家(jia)(jia)(jia)地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)環境影(ying)響報(bao)告書》、《甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)峽(xia)恐龍國家(jia)(jia)(jia)地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園綠化、給(gei)水及電網工程設(she)(she)計及概(gai)預算書》、《甘(gan)(gan)肅(su)(su)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)峽(xia)恐龍博物館可行(xing)性研究報(bao)告》,為(wei)地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園建設(she)(she)夯實(shi)了(le)(le)堅實(shi)的(de)項(xiang)目基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)。
第二、高度重視(shi)地(di)質遺跡保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作,不斷強化(hua)(hua)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)措施。始終堅(jian)持“在保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)開發(fa),開發(fa)中(zhong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)”的(de)方針,把保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作放在首要(yao)位置。在六年多(duo)時間里,投(tou)入包括地(di)質遺跡保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)資金700多(duo)萬元,相(xiang)繼(ji)修(xiu)建(jian)了(le)1號(hao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)棚及其附屬工(gong)程及,有效對1號(hao)點(dian)足(zu)印群(qun)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu);對2公里以內的(de)核(he)心區用鐵柵欄進(jin)行(xing)了(le)圈圍(wei);對2、4、6號(hao)點(dian)足(zu)印揭露后及時用砂土進(jin)行(xing)了(le)填沒,防止了(le)風吹雨(yu)淋造成風化(hua)(hua);嚴格遵守《中(zhong)華(hua)人民共(gong)和(he)國環境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)法(fa)》、《甘肅(su)省臨夏回(hui)族自治州古(gu)生物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)條例》等(deng)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui),制(zhi)定出臺(tai)了(le)《安全制(zhi)度》、《保(bao)(bao)衛值班制(zhi)度》、《突發(fa)事(shi)件(jian)應(ying)急預案》等(deng)一系列規(gui)章制(zhi)度和(he)措施辦法(fa),為保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)好這一不可再生的(de)地(di)質遺跡奠定了(le)良好的(de)物質基礎(chu)、組(zu)織人力(li)基礎(chu)和(he)制(zhi)度基礎(chu)。
第(di)三、加快(kuai)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)。根據“統(tong)一規劃,分期開(kai)發,逐步實施(shi),因地(di)制宜,建(jian)(jian)管(guan)結合,提(ti)高效(xiao)益”的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)原則,于(yu)2003年(nian)6月全面開(kai)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)了(le)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)程。目前,已完成1963平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)的(de)(de)1號(hao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)展館(guan)、1號(hao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)棚擋(dang)土墻工(gong)(gong)程及(ji)展館(guan)內的(de)(de)裝飾收集工(gong)(gong)程,修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)了(le)公(gong)園正門(men)及(ji)標(biao)志碑,建(jian)(jian)成管(guan)理辦公(gong)用(yong)(yong)房9間,用(yong)(yong)紅磚鋪設(she)(she)園區道路880平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi),建(jian)(jian)成550平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡研究中心主體工(gong)(gong)程,修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)了(le)通訊基塔一座,同時還實施(shi)了(le)電(dian)網改(gai)造和綠化工(gong)(gong)程,正在修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)專用(yong)(yong)碼頭和縣(xian)城通往(wang)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園的(de)(de)一條專用(yong)(yong)公(gong)路。地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)不斷改(gai)善,有力地(di)促進(jin)了(le)黃(huang)河三峽(xia)旅游業的(de)(de)快(kuai)速發展,劉家(jia)峽(xia)恐龍國(guo)家(jia)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園于(yu)2007年(nian)初成功(gong)躋(ji)身(shen)“中國(guo)縣(xian)域(yu)旅游品牌景(jing)區500強”行列。
第四、開展科(ke)(ke)(ke)研科(ke)(ke)(ke)普工作(zuo)。為了(le)(le)不斷提升地質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)普教育功能和(he)水(shui)平,縣上投資50多(duo)(duo)萬元制作(zuo)了(le)(le)地質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)標示系(xi)統,在一號展館內(nei)購買觸摸(mo)屏和(he)54英寸大(da)屏幕電視一套(tao),印刷導游說明書2萬冊,制作(zuo)科(ke)(ke)(ke)普類(lei)光盤100盤,聘(pin)請相關專(zhuan)家三批次25位,對(dui)地質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)多(duo)(duo)角度、多(duo)(duo)方位進行科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)研究,培訓(xun)解(jie)說人員30多(duo)(duo)人次,對(dui)5萬多(duo)(duo)名游客免(mian)費講解(jie)恐龍(long)地學(xue)知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)。同(tong)時,在1好保護(hu)棚內(nei)復(fu)制安放(fang)了(le)(le)“蘭州(zhou)龍(long)”和(he)“劉家峽黃(huang)河巨(ju)龍(long)”骨骼化石,極(ji)大(da)地吸引(yin)了(le)(le)更多(duo)(duo)的(de)游客前(qian)來(lai)參觀學(xue)習,有(you)力發揮了(le)(le)地質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研和(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)普知(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)功能。
突出問題
甘肅(su)劉(liu)家峽恐龍國家地質公園在六年多時間的開發建設中,取得了一(yi)定(ding)的成效,但這(zhe)與整個(ge)地質公園的總體規劃相比,差距(ju)還很大,步(bu)伐仍然緩慢,突出表現在以下(xia)四個(ge)方面:
第一、大量(liang)恐龍足印地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)還(huan)面臨多種(zhong)威(wei)脅。由于資(zi)金(jin)匱乏,地質(zhi)公園(yuan)內的(de)2、4、6號(hao)點(dian)的(de)大量(liang)恐龍足印遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)在(zai)揭露(lu)后只能用砂土(tu)填埋方式(shi)進(jin)行保(bao)護,使這一珍(zhen)貴自然(ran)遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)仍(reng)(reng)然(ran)面臨著風化(hua)(hua)、侵蝕和黃(huang)土(tu)塌方掩埋等多種(zhong)威(wei)脅,而一些(xie)自然(ran)裸(luo)露(lu)在(zai)外的(de)其(qi)它古生物、節(jie)肢動(dong)物和蟲跡(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)石(shi),至(zhi)今(jin)仍(reng)(reng)遭(zao)受著風吹日曬、雨淋(lin)雪蝕,風化(hua)(hua)十分嚴重。
第二(er)、道路建(jian)設進展(zhan)緩(huan)慢。甘肅劉家(jia)峽恐龍(long)國家(jia)地質(zhi)公(gong)園由(you)于(yu)(yu)地處鹽(yan)鍋峽水(shui)庫北岸,交(jiao)通十分不(bu)便,只能走(zou)水(shui)路,而且也很危險(xian)。為了方(fang)便游客,便于(yu)(yu)管理,縣上于(yu)(yu)去(qu)年8月開工(gong)建(jian)設了全長23公(gong)里(li),總投資(zi)950萬元的太(tai)極(ji)鎮孔寺村至劉家(jia)峽恐龍(long)國家(jia)地質(zhi)公(gong)園公(gong)路,按四級公(gong)路標準建(jian)設。因資(zi)金不(bu)到位,工(gong)程進度十分緩(huan)慢。
第三(san)、地質(zhi)(zhi)公園基(ji)礎設施不(bu)完善,配套服務嚴重缺乏。甘肅(su)劉家峽恐(kong)龍(long)(long)國家地質(zhi)(zhi)公園作(zuo)為黃(huang)河(he)(he)三(san)峽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個重要旅游(you)景點,越(yue)來越(yue)受到中(zhong)(zhong)外游(you)客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)睞。但是,隨著(zhu)永靖黃(huang)河(he)(he)三(san)峽旅游(you)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和游(you)客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逐年增(zeng)多,地質(zhi)(zhi)公園的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎設施及其配套服務功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴重不(bu)足,與(yu)游(you)客日益增(zeng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)費需(xu)求之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾(dun)越(yue)來越(yue)明顯。目前(qian),園區內尚未建設餐飲、娛(yu)樂、服務、購物(wu)等基(ji)本服務設施,而(er)園區內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)給排水(shui)(shui)、電網工程也(ye)很(hen)(hen)薄弱,廁所衛生(sheng)設施簡陋(lou),等等,嚴重影響著(zhu)黃(huang)河(he)(he)三(san)峽旅游(you)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)步發(fa)展,制約著(zhu)公園知名度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進一(yi)步提升(sheng)。 第四、挖(wa)掘(jue)研究(jiu)面臨資(zi)金困難。專家指出(chu),在(zai)劉家峽恐(kong)龍(long)(long)足印(yin)(yin)化石群(qun)地質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡1號點400余平方(fang)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)內,10組足印(yin)(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)6組是非常清晰連續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),足印(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布局表(biao)明,當時恐(kong)龍(long)(long)主(zhu)要是沿(yan)湖(hu)岸或(huo)由水(shui)(shui)邊向(xiang)陸地方(fang)向(xiang)行走。有(you)關專家還(huan)推測,這些足印(yin)(yin)很(hen)(hen)可能是一(yi)大(da)群(qun)食植(zhi)類恐(kong)龍(long)(long)在(zai)覓(mi)食或(huo)飲水(shui)(shui)過程中(zhong)(zhong)留下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),當時周圍(wei)還(huan)環伺或(huo)尾隨有(you)食肉類恐(kong)龍(long)(long)。從目前(qian)保(bao)存足印(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行走方(fang)向(xiang)看(kan),既有(you)向(xiang)山上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),也(ye)有(you)向(xiang)山下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),通過繼續挖(wa)掘(jue),肯定會有(you)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現,但這需(xu)要大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經費。
據(ju)統計,從(cong)2002年到2006年,國土資源部(bu)下達(da)(da)的地(di)質(zhi)遺跡保護及地(di)質(zhi)公園建設經費只有(you)700多萬元,而地(di)質(zhi)公園的實際投資卻(que)高達(da)(da)2480多萬元。
為(wei)此,永(yong)靖縣卻背負(fu)了(le)1700多萬元(yuan)的(de)財政負(fu)擔(dan)。由此可見,資金已經成(cheng)為(wei)開發與保護劉家峽恐龍足印(yin)化石群地質(zhi)遺跡的(de)瓶頸(jing),嚴重制約著地質(zhi)公園的(de)建設進程。