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景觀地址

四川(chuan)江(jiang)油(you)國家地質公(gong)園(yuan)地處(chu)龍門山北段，位(wei)于四川(chuan)省江(jiang)油(you)市，緊鄰(lin)北川(chuan)縣、平武縣，面(mian)積116.0km2，由(you)竇(dou)圌山、佛爺洞、觀(guan)霧山、吳(wu)家后山四個主要(yao)景(jing)區組成。公(gong)園(yuan)內是以丹霞(xia)地貌、泥(ni)盆系標準紀地質剖(pou)面(mian)和(he)巖溶景(jing)觀(guan)為主要(yao)特色(se)，并有優美(mei)的(de)(de)生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)和(he)豐富的(de)(de)歷史人文景(jing)觀(guan)相配套(tao)的(de)(de)綜合性大型地質公(gong)園(yuan)。

地貌景觀

園內竇(dou)圌山(shan)是(shi)國內罕見(jian)的(de)典型(xing)的(de)巖(yan)溶化礫巖(yan)丹霞地貌，以飛(fei)仙(xian)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、問月峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、神斧(fu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為典型(xing)景觀(guan)，是(shi)由(you)鈣質(zhi)膠結(jie)的(de)巨厚層礫巖(yan)經喜馬拉雅運動抬升后，沿構造裂(lie)隙不斷(duan)剝蝕(shi)、溶蝕(shi)和崩塌而形成的(de)石(shi)柱(zhu)、石(shi)門、石(shi)墻、孤峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、駝峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、一線(xian)天等丹霞地貌景觀(guan)，又稱為類(lei)巖(yan)溶景觀(guan)。主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)由(you)神斧(fu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、飛(fei)仙(xian)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、問月峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)相伴而立(li)，峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之間以鐵索(suo)相連，“鐵索(suo)飛(fei)渡”乃(nai)中華一絕。

四川江油國(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)內泥盆系(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)標準(zhun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)剖(pou)(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)以(yi)其出露完(wan)整(zheng)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)序清楚、沉積環境標志明顯(xian)、古(gu)生(sheng)物化(hua)(hua)石群落(luo)豐富而著稱。自1931年(nian)以(yi)來，先后吸引了黃汲清、趙亞增、朱森等(deng)多位國(guo)內著名地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)學家(jia)和(he)(he)成都地(di)(di)(di)(di)礦所等(deng)專業科(ke)研(yan)單位前(qian)(qian)來調(diao)查、研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)剖(pou)(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)屬(shu)于(yu)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)濱海(hai)和(he)(he)淺海(hai)沉積剖(pou)(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，剖(pou)(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上泥盆系(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)累(lei)計厚度(du)達4720m，分為16個(ge)組級(ji)和(he)(he)14個(ge)段級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)石地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)單位。剖(pou)(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上碳酸鹽巖(yan)和(he)(he)碎屑巖(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)含有(you)(you)內容豐富、種(zhong)類(lei)齊全的(de)(de)(de)珊瑚類(lei)、腕足(zu)類(lei)、介形類(lei)、層(ceng)(ceng)孔蟲、牙形石等(deng)古(gu)生(sheng)物化(hua)(hua)石，實體化(hua)(hua)石有(you)(you)12個(ge)類(lei)、92個(ge)科(ke)、382個(ge)屬(shu)、945個(ge)種(zhong)，遺跡化(hua)(hua)石有(you)(you)15個(ge)屬(shu)、18個(ge)種(zhong)。著名地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)學家(jia)樂森璕(xun)在公(gong)園(yuan)內的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)霧山一(yi)帶發現(xian)了3億年(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)魚(yu)類(lei)化(hua)(hua)石——樂氏江油魚(yu)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)剖(pou)(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)是我(wo)(wo)國(guo)泥盆紀地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)累(lei)計厚度(du)最大、最完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)剖(pou)(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，對研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)西南(nan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區泥盆紀的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理、古(gu)氣候和(he)(he)古(gu)環境等(deng)有(you)(you)著非常重要的(de)(de)(de)意義，目前(qian)(qian)已成為我(wo)(wo)國(guo)乃至全球(qiu)泥盆系(xi)重要的(de)(de)(de)對比(bi)剖(pou)(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，是國(guo)內外重要的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)教學剖(pou)(pou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，具有(you)(you)極高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)研(yan)價值(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)觀(guan)(guan)賞價值(zhi)(zhi)。

四川江油國(guo)家地質公園(yuan)內(nei)峰叢洼(wa)地、天坑、溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)溝、石(shi)(shi)(shi)芽、石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱、溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)及其洞(dong)穴堆積(ji)物(wu)等巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)景(jing)觀和流(liu)水(shui)(shui)景(jing)觀極為(wei)(wei)壯觀，巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)漏斗(dou)(dou)發育最(zui)為(wei)(wei)密集，發育有巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)漏斗(dou)(dou)250余個，平均密度3～4個/km2，為(wei)(wei)四川省巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)漏斗(dou)(dou)最(zui)密集的(de)景(jing)區之(zhi)一。漏斗(dou)(dou)類(lei)型(xing)多樣，形(xing)態各異(yi)，漏斗(dou)(dou)間多有溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)或落水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)相連，構成了觀霧山和吳家后山頂巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)漏斗(dou)(dou)群和“地下迷宮(gong)”。園(yuan)區內(nei)發育溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)近100處，以(yi)佛爺洞(dong)、白(bai)龍宮(gong)、金光洞(dong)、銀光洞(dong)、猿王洞(dong)、靈泉洞(dong)、大(da)水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)、風洞(dong)子等最(zui)為(wei)(wei)典型(xing)、壯觀。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)一般分布在高(gao)程(cheng)1800m、1400m、600m左右的(de)三(san)個帶上(shang)，最(zui)大(da)洞(dong)長15km，水(shui)(shui)平巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)和垂直(zhi)巖(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)交替發育，反映了地殼的(de)上(shang)升與停歇期，具(ju)有很高(gao)的(de)科考探險和旅游價值。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)內(nei)化(hua)學堆積(ji)物(wu)千姿(zi)百態，石(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘乳、石(shi)(shi)(shi)筍、石(shi)(shi)(shi)幔、石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱、石(shi)(shi)(shi)花等妙趣橫生(sheng)，落差(cha)達百米的(de)白(bai)鶴洞(dong)洞(dong)內(nei)瀑布氣(qi)勢磅礴(bo)，在國(guo)內(nei)十分罕(han)見。

位于唐王寨向斜(xie)軸(zhou)部(bu)的青(qing)合天坑，平面形(xing)狀近(jin)于圓形(xing)，形(xing)態保存(cun)完整，口(kou)部(bu)直徑(jing)150m，深近(jin)100m，四周直立，尤如(ru)刀劈斧砍(kan)，坑壁懸(xuan)掛成(cheng)串成(cheng)枝絢(xuan)麗多彩的野花，與藤蔓植(zhi)物交(jiao)織(zhi)，形(xing)似(si)(si)多彩的掛毯(tan)。園內石芽或(huo)出露在地表(biao)或(huo)埋(mai)藏(zang)于土中(zhong)，形(xing)成(cheng)許多似(si)(si)人、似(si)(si)獸以及(ji)其它類(lei)型的象(xiang)形(xing)石景，點綴(zhui)于茫茫峰林、石海之中(zhong)，使原(yuan)始的自然(ran)景觀更(geng)增(zeng)幾分姿色(se)。

四川江油國家地質公園內(nei)峽(xia)谷(gu)、溝壑(he)縱橫，奇(qi)峰(feng)林立(li)，景色蔚為壯觀(guan)。二(er)郎峽(xia)是園區內(nei)最為壯觀(guan)的(de)峽(xia)谷(gu)，峽(xia)長20多km，深1800m，兩岸尤若刀切斧砍(kan)，陡峭險峻，是典型的(de)裂隙溶蝕、侵蝕和沿“X”型裂隙追蹤而(er)成的(de)峽(xia)谷(gu)。峽(xia)谷(gu)壁上樹根藤(teng)枝纏繞，谷(gu)底滾石遍布，時有猴群(qun)等動物(wu)出沒(mei)其(qi)間，獸吼鳥鳴，增添(tian)了峽(xia)谷(gu)神(shen)秘氣氛。形態各異的(de)白鶴峽(xia)尾(wei)部形成一猶如甕形的(de)神(shen)奇(qi)地貌景觀(guan)，瀑潭相伴，忽明忽滅，疊(die)次(ci)出現，引人入勝(sheng)。

園區內龍門(men)山(shan)體推覆(fu)構造遺跡保存完整，褶皺和斷裂發育，是研究龍門(men)山(shan)推覆(fu)構造的(de)(de)理想地區。唐(tang)王寨向斜是園區內最(zui)大最(zui)完整的(de)(de)褶曲(qu)，為一典型的(de)(de)箱狀褶曲(qu)，褶曲(qu)西起北川通(tong)口，東(dong)止江(jiang)油白(bai)(bai)洋洞(dong)，長(chang)約60km，寬5～13km，軸面直立(li)，兩翼(yi)不對稱，在白(bai)(bai)石溝處(chu)，由涪江(jiang)切蝕所露出的(de)(de)唐(tang)王寨向斜軸部巖層與綠色(se)的(de)(de)植被，構成了一幅幅秀麗的(de)(de)山(shan)水畫卷。

地(di)質公園所在地(di)江油(you)市是我(wo)國(guo)唐代大詩人(ren)(ren)李白的故(gu)里(li)，地(di)處九寨(zhai)溝(gou)、黃(huang)龍國(guo)際旅游(you)(you)環線(xian)(xian)和劍(jian)門蜀道旅游(you)(you)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)，生態(tai)環境優美(mei)，歷史人(ren)(ren)文景(jing)觀豐(feng)富，江油(you)市在2004年獲得了“中國(guo)優秀旅游(you)(you)城市”的稱(cheng)號。目前公園景(jing)區已經(jing)建成國(guo)家劍(jian)門蜀道和九寨(zhai)、黃(huang)龍旅游(you)(you)環線(xian)(xian)上(shang)的重要風景(jing)名勝區，以奇、險(xian)、幽、秀的特色吸(xi)引著中外游(you)(you)客。

人文景觀

四(si)川(chuan)江(jiang)油國(guo)家(jia)地(di)質公(gong)園內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)景觀(guan)資源(yuan)有(you)李(li)(li)白(bai)(bai)故(gu)里(li)、道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、古(gu)寺(si)(si)廟建(jian)筑和(he)火(huo)藥(yao)制造(zao)(zao)等(deng)。李(li)(li)白(bai)(bai)故(gu)里(li)包括青蓮場李(li)(li)白(bai)(bai)故(gu)里(li)、市區李(li)(li)白(bai)(bai)紀(ji)念館、太白(bai)(bai)公(gong)園、海(hai)燈武館、匡山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)書院及太白(bai)(bai)洞(dong)等(deng)景點。江(jiang)油市是(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)地(di)之一(yi)，金光洞(dong)為著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)家(jia)洞(dong)府，元末明(ming)初的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)張(zhang)三豐(feng)曾隱于(yu)洞(dong)中(zhong)修煉(lian)，明(ming)清(qing)以來(lai)，翠屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)哪吒(zha)廟出(chu)現(xian)興盛一(yi)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)著名道(dao)(dao)(dao)觀(guan)。佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)入江(jiang)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史十(shi)分悠(you)久，早在(zai)(zai)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)剛從印度傳(chuan)入中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)代，觀(guan)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)普(pu)賢頂便建(jian)有(you)寺(si)(si)廟。園區內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)古(gu)建(jian)筑很多(duo)，有(you)云(yun)巖寺(si)(si)、普(pu)賢寺(si)(si)、玄中(zhong)寺(si)(si)、極(ji)樂(le)堂、李(li)(li)白(bai)(bai)讀(du)書臺等(deng)。竇圌山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)云(yun)巖寺(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位，已有(you)近千年(nian)歷(li)史，被(bei)稱為鎮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之寶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“飛天藏(zang)”是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級保(bao)護(hu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物，該文(wen)(wen)(wen)物是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)僅有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、保(bao)護(hu)完好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宋代道(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)純木(mu)質轉輪經藏(zang)。普(pu)賢寺(si)(si)位于(yu)觀(guan)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)普(pu)顯頂，主(zhu)要由(you)普(pu)賢殿，觀(guan)音殿、大雄金殿等(deng)組成(cheng)，寺(si)(si)廟清(qing)悠(you)。玄中(zhong)寺(si)(si)位于(yu)吳家(jia)后山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，寺(si)(si)廟修建(jian)在(zai)(zai)500m高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕壁之上(shang)，鑲嵌(qian)在(zai)(zai)由(you)軟(ruan)弱泥巖形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巖腔(qiang)之中(zhong)，是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仙境。江(jiang)油市還是(shi)(shi)火(huo)藥(yao)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)鄉(xiang)，公(gong)園內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)鶴洞(dong)、硝洞(dong)子等(deng)溶洞(dong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)均發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)煉(lian)硝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺跡(ji)，公(gong)園東(dong)北(bei)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老君山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)已探明(ming)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)制硝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶洞(dong)25個，是(shi)(shi)目前(qian)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)代最久遠、規(gui)模最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煉(lian)硝和(he)火(huo)藥(yao)制造(zao)(zao)遺址。

江油國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)地質公園內(nei)生態環(huan)(huan)境優越，動(dong)(dong)植物資源較為豐富，已發現的(de)有420多種(zhong)(zhong)，有大熊貓(mao)、扭角羚、獼(mi)猴、金雕、珙桐、紅豆(dou)杉(shan)等大量的(de)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植物及珍稀(xi)物種(zhong)(zhong)。其中國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物7種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物25種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物5種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物14種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)局公布的(de)珍稀(xi)瀕危保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物6種(zhong)(zhong)。

四川江(jiang)油(you)國家地質(zhi)公園(yuan)(yuan)在漫長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)地質(zhi)歷(li)史演化(hua)中，形(xing)成了奇特的(de)(de)(de)地質(zhi)遺跡和地貌(mao)景觀，公園(yuan)(yuan)融合了國內罕見的(de)(de)(de)以礫巖丹霞地貌(mao)為(wei)核心，以巖溶(rong)地貌(mao)為(wei)導(dao)向性(xing)景觀，主要是巖溶(rong)漏斗、巖溶(rong)洼地、落水洞和多層溶(rong)洞的(de)(de)(de)有機結合，以泥盆(pen)系標準地質(zhi)剖面(mian)、豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)古生物化(hua)石(shi)群落為(wei)特色，并有川西北(bei)民俗風情(qing)、優(you)美(mei)生態(tai)和古老(lao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)等配(pei)套資源為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)大型綜(zong)合性(xing)地質(zhi)公園(yuan)(yuan)。園(yuan)(yuan)區內還有以李(li)白文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、三國文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、宗教(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)為(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史和人文(wen)(wen)(wen)景觀，有良好的(de)(de)(de)生態(tai)環(huan)境和社會環(huan)境。

開(kai)發(fa)(fa)四川江油國家級地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公園，是功在當(dang)代、造福子(zi)孫的事業，也是地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)環境工作服務(wu)社會(hui)和經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)展的重(zhong)要方面。可(ke)以有效(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡，把地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡作為(wei)旅游資源進行有效(xiao)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)利用，發(fa)(fa)揮其經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)價值(zhi)，并且做(zuo)到“在開(kai)發(fa)(fa)中(zhong)保(bao)護(hu)，在保(bao)護(hu)中(zhong)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)”，這樣對江油市經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)，促進綿(mian)陽及周邊地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的可(ke)持續發(fa)(fa)展都具有重(zhong)要意義。