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基本介紹

戴云山是一座天然的綠色寶庫，孕育有維管束植物145科393屬580種。戴云山自然保護區于1985年建立，是福建省較早建立的幾個自然保護區之一。戴云(yun)山東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)蟠龍，西至(zhi)(zhi)黃山，北至(zhi)(zhi)陳溪，南至(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)里，總面積為13472.4公頃。2005年7月23日，經國務(wu)院批準(zhun)，升格為國家級自然保護區，屬于(yu)森林(lin)生態系統類型(xing)自然保護區，區內(nei)森林覆(fu)蓋率(lv)達(da)93.4%，其主要保護對象是(shi)東南沿(yan)海典型的(de)山地(di)森林生態(tai)系統，重(zhong)點保(bao)護對象(xiang)是中國大陸東南(nan)沿(yan)海南(nan)端、面(mian)積最(zui)大保(bao)存最(zui)完好的(de)黃山松(song)林；重(zhong)要的(de)昆蟲和植物(wu)(wu)模(mo)式(shi)標本產地；蘭科(ke)植物(wu)(wu)資源以及(ji)豐富(fu)的(de)生物(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性和瀕危動植物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種。

戴云山(shan)保護區(qu)內古木參天(tian)(tian)(tian)，保持著(zhu)原始森林(lin)的風貌。春天(tian)(tian)(tian)，百花(hua)姹紫嫣紅，五(wu)彩繽紛；夏(xia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，翠(cui)綠的闊葉樹伴著(zhu)輕(qing)柔的枝條，舞(wu)影婆娑，清涼的風使人(ren)心曠神(shen)怡；秋天(tian)(tian)(tian)，林(lin)木盛裝(zhuang)迎賓，紅樹黃花(hua)，漫天(tian)(tian)(tian)輕(qing)揚(yang)，多情(qing)的風，使人(ren)樂而(er)忘返；冬天(tian)(tian)(tian)，雪花(hua)飛(fei)舞(wu)，銀裝(zhuang)素裹，成了(le)冰雪的世界。

保護目標

（一）中國大陸東南沿海分布最南端、面積最大、保護最完好的原生性黃山松群落

黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)林(lin)是中國東部(bu)亞熱帶中山(shan)地(di)區(qu)的代表(biao)性群(qun)(qun)系之一，為溫性針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)。主(zhu)要分布(bu)于(yu)臺灣、福建、安(an)徽、浙(zhe)江等省氣候溫涼、雨量充沛、相對濕度大的中亞熱帶山(shan)地(di)，在戴(dai)云(yun)山(shan)中上部(bu)分布(bu)著6400公(gong)頃(qing)的天(tian)然的保(bao)護完好的原生性黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)，其(qi)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)外貌整齊，種群(qun)(qun)年齡(ling)結構合理，群(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)內(nei)部(bu)層次(ci)分明，郁閉度較大，層次(ci)較多：喬木(mu)層樹(shu)木(mu)粗大，以(yi)黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)為主(zhu)，局部(bu)林(lin)下分布(bu)有羅(luo)浮栲、甜櫧、木(mu)荷、樹(shu)參等小樹(shu)或幼樹(shu)，灌(guan)木(mu)層有馬銀(yin)花、映山(shan)紅、小果南燭、腫節少穗竹、大萼紅淡等，草(cao)本層以(yi)芒萁、狗脊為主(zhu)，更新狀態良好。種群(qun)(qun)數(shu)量不斷擴(kuo)大，建區(qu)以(yi)來，海拔1600米以(yi)上的草(cao)灌(guan)叢逐年被黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)演(yan)替(ti)，各種黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)演(yan)替(ti)階段均完整保(bao)留，黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)面積(ji)由原來的6.9萬(wan)畝(mu)增加到(dao)9.5萬(wan)畝(mu)，它對研究(jiu)亞熱帶中山(shan)地(di)區(qu)植被演(yan)替(ti)具有重要的科(ke)學意義。

（二）中國東南沿海典型的山地森林生態系統

福(fu)建(jian)戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自然保護區地(di)處福(fu)建(jian)東(dong)南(nan)沿海(hai)，位于福(fu)建(jian)兩(liang)大山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)之一——戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)主峰周邊，同時跨越了南(nan)亞熱帶和中亞熱帶的(de)過渡帶，是典型(xing)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)森林(lin)生(sheng)態系統。其地(di)帶性(xing)(xing)植被類(lei)型(xing)為(wei)南(nan)亞熱帶季(ji)風常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)，代表性(xing)(xing)植被類(lei)型(xing)有烏來栲(kao)(kao)林(lin)、厚殼桂林(lin)和米櫧林(lin)，分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于海(hai)拔較低(di)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體東(dong)部(bu)(bu)溝谷，物(wu)種組成以南(nan)亞熱帶季(ji)風常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)的(de)成分(fen)為(wei)主，林(lin)內結構復雜，藤本植物(wu)發(fa)(fa)達，草本植物(wu)高大。隨(sui)著(zhu)海(hai)拔的(de)上升，依次(ci)出現典型(xing)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)、暖性(xing)(xing)針葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)、針闊(kuo)(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)混交林(lin)、溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)針葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)、苔蘚矮曲林(lin)等。在海(hai)拔1100m的(de)永(yong)安(an)巖分(fen)布(bu)(bu)著(zhu)羅浮栲(kao)(kao)林(lin)、鉤栲(kao)(kao)林(lin)等原生(sheng)性(xing)(xing)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)，林(lin)內蔭濕(shi)，物(wu)種豐富，地(di)被層發(fa)(fa)達，隨(sui)處可見蘭(lan)科植物(wu)與野含笑。在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體頂部(bu)(bu)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)著(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)灌叢，生(sheng)長著(zhu)耐(nai)寒的(de)長耳玉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)竹，與武夷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、臺灣玉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)遙相(xiang)呼應。

（三）東南地區重要的模式標本產地

福(fu)建戴(dai)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)自然保(bao)護區長期以來為許多動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)學家所關(guan)注，這(zhe)里獨特的(de)地(di)(di)質地(di)(di)貌與(yu)氣候(hou)孕育了(le)眾多的(de)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)，這(zhe)里是著名的(de)模(mo)式(shi)標本產地(di)(di)之(zhi)一。據不完全統計(ji)，以保(bao)護區內的(de)生物(wu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)表了(le)福(fu)建毛蛣蛉(ling)、戴(dai)云(yun)樹白(bai)蟻、中國狹個(ge)(ge)木(mu)虱(shi)、中華長葉曲嚙(nie)、趙(zhao)氏觸嚙(nie)、八(ba)閩鱗蛉(ling)和(he)戴(dai)云(yun)姬蜂虻等(deng)52個(ge)(ge)昆蟲新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)。劉承(cheng)釗和(he)胡淑琴（1975）發(fa)(fa)(fa)表了(le)小棘蛙、戴(dai)云(yun)湍蛙2個(ge)(ge)蛙類(lei)新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)。秦仁昌和(he)邢公俠(xia)（1981）根據1974年福(fu)建蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)調(diao)查隊采集的(de)蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)標本發(fa)(fa)(fa)表了(le)德化毛蕨(jue)等(deng)6個(ge)(ge)蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)。鄭(zheng)清芳和(he)黃克福(fu)（1984）、曾滄江（1987）、林來官（1991）、林來官和(he)黃以鐘(zhong)（1995）、張永田（1995）等(deng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)表了(le)九仙莓、戴(dai)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)苔草、長耳玉山(shan)(shan)竹等(deng)6個(ge)(ge)新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)。

（四）蘭科植物資源

戴云山自然保護區地(di)形復雜，且地(di)處中亞熱帶與南亞熱帶的(de)過渡帶，氣候變化大(da)，雨量充沛，相對濕度大(da)，孕育了(le)豐富的(de)野(ye)生蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)科植物(wu)，種類有(you)花(hua)葉(xie)開唇(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)（金(jin)線蓮）、無葉(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、竹(zhu)葉(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、日(ri)本卷瓣蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、廣東(dong)石(shi)豆蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、傘花(hua)石(shi)豆蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、大(da)序隔(ge)距(ju)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、廣東(dong)隔(ge)距(ju)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、建(jian)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、多花(hua)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、春蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、墨蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、細(xi)莖石(shi)斛(hu)、石(shi)斛(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、半柱毛(mao)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、小斑葉(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、絨葉(xie)斑葉(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、鵝(e)毛(mao)玉鳳花(hua)、十字蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、鐮翅羊(yang)耳蒜、見血清、長莖羊(yang)耳蒜、纖(xian)葉(xie)釵子股、闊葉(xie)沼蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、心葉(xie)球柄蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、鵝(e)毛(mao)白(bai)蝶(die)花(hua)、撕裂闊蕊蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、鶴頂蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、細(xi)葉(xie)石(shi)仙桃、石(shi)仙桃、小舌唇(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、小葉(xie)寄(ji)樹蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、綬草(cao)、帶唇(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)等47種，是蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)科植物(wu)的(de)重(zhong)要保存(cun)地(di)。

（五）生物多樣性和瀕危動植物物種

大(da)面積的森(sen)林孕育(yu)了豐富的生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)，區(qu)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)高等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)284科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)928屬(shu)(shu)(shu)2066種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)55科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)101屬(shu)(shu)(shu)149種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)41科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)84屬(shu)(shu)(shu)183種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)14屬(shu)(shu)(shu)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)180科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)729屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1714種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（雙子(zi)(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)150科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)571屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1366種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單(dan)子(zi)(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)30科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)158屬(shu)(shu)(shu)348種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），其(qi)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)珍稀瀕危(wei)或特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共115種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)34目99科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)420種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中魚類(lei)4目14科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩(liang)棲(qi)類(lei)2目7科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類(lei)3目12科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)70種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)17目45科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)194種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；獸類(lei)8目21科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲(chong)綱（含蛛(zhu)形綱蜱螨(man)亞綱）30目260科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1645種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；大(da)型真菌有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)39科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)136種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；土壤(rang)微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)12目18科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)35屬(shu)(shu)(shu)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)里天(tian)然分布(bu)的國(guo)(guo)家(jia)I級保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)水(shui)松、南方紅(hong)豆杉、銀杏3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)II級保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)粗齒(chi)桫欏(luo)、針(zhen)毛桫欏(luo)、金毛狗、福(fu)建柏、樟樹(shu)(shu)、閩(min)楠、花櫚木(mu)、紅(hong)豆樹(shu)(shu)、半楓(feng)荷、傘花木(mu)、喜樹(shu)(shu)、香果樹(shu)(shu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；蘭科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多達47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；福(fu)建省重點保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)一級保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云豹(bao)、黃腹(fu)角(jiao)雉、蟒(mang)蛇、豹(bao)等(deng)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)穿(chuan)山甲、大(da)靈貓、小靈貓、蘇門羚(ling)、豺、水(shui)獺、黑熊、金貓、豹(bao)貓、獼猴(hou)、鴛鴦、白鷴、烏雕(diao)、雕(diao)鸮、褐林鸮、草鸮、斑頭鵂鹠、蛇雕(diao)、松雀鷹、虎紋蛙、鳳頭鵑隼、白腹(fu)山雕(diao)等(deng)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豐富的野生(sheng)(sheng)瀕危(wei)動植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)。

地理環境

位置境域

福建戴(dai)云(yun)山(shan)國家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)行政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)劃屬泉州市德化(hua)縣，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)為13472.4公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，其中核心區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)5514.1公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，緩沖區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)3515.4公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，實驗區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)4442.9公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。涉及赤(chi)水、雷峰、南(nan)埕、桂陽、上(shang)涌、大銘6個鄉(xiang)鎮22個行政(zheng)村，東(dong)至蟠龍，西至黃(huang)山(shan)，北至陳溪，南(nan)至東(dong)里。地理坐(zuo)標范圍在(zai)東(dong)經118°05′22″～118°20′15″，北緯25°38′07″～25°43′40″之(zhi)間。

地形地貌

戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)山脈(mo)(mo)平均海拔700～1500m，主峰戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)山在(zai)德(de)化縣境內，海拔1856m，是閩中(zhong)(zhong)高山峰，素有“閩中(zhong)(zhong)屋脊”之稱。戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)山地質(zhi)構(gou)造屬浙(zhe)閩活化古陸(lu)臺，受地質(zhi)構(gou)造運(yun)動(dong)影響，多次間歇(xie)性大(da)(da)幅度(du)隆起形(xing)成雄偉龐大(da)(da)山脈(mo)(mo)。與武夷山脈(mo)(mo)相比，戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)山脈(mo)(mo)的(de)特點是基帶寬度(du)大(da)(da)，一(yi)(yi)般可(ke)(ke)達(da)數十(shi)公里，寬的(de)一(yi)(yi)段在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)部德(de)化—大(da)(da)田一(yi)(yi)線，可(ke)(ke)達(da)100km。戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)山自然保(bao)護區包括了(le)戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)山主峰，以(yi)主峰向四周傾斜，呈層狀逐(zhu)級下(xia)降，高海拔1856m，低海拔650m，相對高差達(da)1206m，相當(dang)懸殊，氣候與植被垂直變化明顯(xian)。區內地形(xing)復(fu)雜，屬于中(zhong)(zhong)、低山地貌。區內山脈(mo)(mo)連(lian)綿，河谷劇烈下(xia)切，峽(xia)谷十(shi)分發育。

氣候

戴云(yun)山(shan)位于(yu)中(zhong)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)和南亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)的交界線，體現出中(zhong)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)與南亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)氣(qi)(qi)候、土壤(rang)、植被、動物、植物等(deng)的過(guo)渡(du)特征，為(wei)海洋性季風氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)，氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)涼適中(zhong)，四(si)季分(fen)明(ming)，氣(qi)(qi)候垂直變化大(da)，小氣(qi)(qi)候突出。根(gen)據區(qu)內九(jiu)仙山(shan)氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)站資料記(ji)錄，保護(hu)區(qu)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15.6～19.5℃，1月均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)6.5～10.5℃，7月均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)23～27.5℃，極端高溫(wen)(wen)36.6℃，極端低溫(wen)(wen)－16.8℃，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時數(shu)1875.4小時，無霜期(qi)260天，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨量1700～2000mm，霧(wu)日年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)達220天，最高年(nian)(nian)份達260天，僅(jin)次(ci)于(yu)四(si)川峨眉(mei)山(shan)，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)相(xiang)對濕度(du)在(zai)80﹪以(yi)上，該區(qu)風速較大(da)，八級風以(yi)上達203天，僅(jin)次(ci)于(yu)吉林天池。

土壤

地(di)帶(dai)性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)花崗(gang)巖風化發育(yu)而成的(de)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)，分布(bu)于海(hai)拔(ba)500m以下，隨著海(hai)拔(ba)的(de)上升，表現出一(yi)定(ding)的(de)垂直(zhi)變化，依(yi)次為(wei)山(shan)地(di)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)、山(shan)地(di)黃紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)山(shan)地(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)，局部分布(bu)著沼澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)。林地(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)較厚(hou)，腐殖質層(ceng)厚(hou)約20cm，地(di)表枯枝落葉層(ceng)厚(hou)5～20cm，表土(tu)(tu)質地(di)為(wei)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)呈酸性(xing)反(fan)應。

水文

區(qu)(qu)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)系發達(da)，大小(xiao)溪(xi)(xi)流23條，集雨(yu)面積在(zai)(zai)50km2長度在(zai)(zai)10km以上的有9條，全年可為下游提供25億m3淡水(shui)(shui)，是(shi)閩江(jiang)大樟(zhang)溪(xi)(xi)重要發源地(di)，且部分(fen)通過引水(shui)(shui)匯入(ru)晉江(jiang)，溪(xi)(xi)流坡降大，水(shui)(shui)力(li)資源豐(feng)富，是(shi)閩中重要水(shui)(shui)源涵養區(qu)(qu)及重點生(sheng)態功能區(qu)(qu)。

歷史沿革

1985年5月，經福建省人民政府批準建立，面(mian)積9730公頃。

1985年8月，德(de)化(hua)縣(xian)人民(min)政府(fu)成(cheng)立“德(de)化(hua)縣(xian)戴(dai)云山(shan)自(zi)然保護區管理處”，機構規格為縣(xian)局(ju)級建制（正(zheng)科級）事(shi)業單位(wei)，隸(li)屬德(de)化(hua)縣(xian)人民(min)政府(fu)領導。

2002年5月，德化縣(xian)人民政府提出“關于(yu)申報戴云山國家級自然保護區的議案”，并經德化縣(xian)人大常委會表決通過，交由縣(xian)人民政府組織(zhi)申報。

2003年3月，經(jing)福建省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府同意，正式申報(bao)國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區，并相繼通過了國家林業局(ju)、國家環(huan)保(bao)總局(ju)組(zu)織的專(zhuan)家評審。

2005年7月23日，經國務院（國辦(ban)發[2005]40號）批(pi)準(zhun)，升格為國家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護區，成為福(fu)建省第8個森林和野生動(dong)物類型國家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護區。