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基本介紹

戴云山是一座天然的綠色寶庫，孕育有維管束植物145科393屬580種。戴云山自然保護區于1985年建立，是福建省較早建立的幾個自然保護區之一。戴云山(shan)東(dong)至蟠龍(long)，西至黃山，北至陳溪，南至東(dong)里，總面積(ji)為13472.4公(gong)頃。2005年7月23日，經國務(wu)院批準，升格為國家級自(zi)然(ran)保護區，屬于森林(lin)生(sheng)態系統(tong)類型自(zi)然(ran)保護區，區(qu)內森林覆蓋率達(da)93.4%，其(qi)主要保(bao)護對象是東南沿海典型的(de)山(shan)地森林生(sheng)態系(xi)統，重(zhong)點保(bao)護對象是中國大陸東南沿海南端、面積(ji)最(zui)大保(bao)存(cun)最(zui)完好的(de)黃(huang)山(shan)松林；重(zhong)要的(de)昆蟲(chong)和植物(wu)模(mo)式(shi)標本產地；蘭科(ke)植物(wu)資源以及豐(feng)富(fu)的生物(wu)多樣性(xing)和瀕危動植物(wu)物(wu)種。

戴云(yun)山保(bao)護區(qu)內古(gu)木參(can)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，保(bao)持著(zhu)原始森(sen)林(lin)的(de)(de)(de)風貌。春天(tian)(tian)(tian)，百花姹紫嫣紅(hong)，五彩(cai)繽紛；夏天(tian)(tian)(tian)，翠綠的(de)(de)(de)闊葉(xie)樹伴著(zhu)輕柔的(de)(de)(de)枝條，舞(wu)(wu)影婆(po)娑，清涼的(de)(de)(de)風使人心(xin)曠神怡；秋天(tian)(tian)(tian)，林(lin)木盛裝迎賓，紅(hong)樹黃花，漫(man)天(tian)(tian)(tian)輕揚，多情的(de)(de)(de)風，使人樂而忘返(fan)；冬天(tian)(tian)(tian)，雪花飛舞(wu)(wu)，銀(yin)裝素裹，成了冰雪的(de)(de)(de)世界。

保護目標

（一）中國大陸東南沿海分布最南端、面積最大、保護最完好的原生性黃山松群落

黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)林是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國東部亞(ya)熱帶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表性(xing)群(qun)(qun)系之一，為(wei)(wei)溫性(xing)針葉林。主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布于臺灣(wan)、福建、安(an)徽(hui)、浙江等(deng)省氣候溫涼、雨(yu)量(liang)充沛、相對濕度大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶山(shan)地，在(zai)戴云山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上部分(fen)(fen)布著6400公(gong)頃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)完好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原生性(xing)黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)，其群(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)外貌整齊，種群(qun)(qun)年齡結構合理，群(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)內部層次分(fen)(fen)明，郁閉度較大，層次較多：喬木(mu)層樹木(mu)粗大，以(yi)黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，局部林下分(fen)(fen)布有羅浮栲(kao)、甜櫧、木(mu)荷、樹參等(deng)小(xiao)樹或幼樹，灌木(mu)層有馬銀(yin)花(hua)、映山(shan)紅、小(xiao)果南燭、腫節少穗(sui)竹、大萼紅淡(dan)等(deng)，草本層以(yi)芒萁、狗脊為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，更新狀態良好。種群(qun)(qun)數量(liang)不斷(duan)擴大，建區以(yi)來，海(hai)拔1600米以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草灌叢逐(zhu)年被(bei)黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)演替(ti)，各種黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)群(qun)(qun)落(luo)(luo)演替(ti)階段均完整保留，黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)面積由原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6.9萬畝(mu)增加到9.5萬畝(mu)，它對研究亞(ya)熱帶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)地區植被(bei)演替(ti)具有重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學意(yi)義。

（二）中國東南沿海典型的山地森林生態系統

福(fu)建戴(dai)云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)地處福(fu)建東(dong)南沿海(hai)，位(wei)于福(fu)建兩大山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈之(zhi)一——戴(dai)云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈主峰周邊，同時跨(kua)越(yue)了南亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)和(he)中(zhong)亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)的過渡帶(dai)，是典型(xing)(xing)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地森林(lin)(lin)(lin)生態系(xi)統。其(qi)地帶(dai)性植被類型(xing)(xing)為南亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)季風(feng)常綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)，代表性植被類型(xing)(xing)有烏來(lai)栲(kao)(kao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、厚(hou)殼桂林(lin)(lin)(lin)和(he)米櫧林(lin)(lin)(lin)，分布于海(hai)拔較低(di)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體東(dong)部(bu)溝(gou)谷，物(wu)種組成以南亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)季風(feng)常綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)的成分為主，林(lin)(lin)(lin)內結構復雜，藤本植物(wu)發達，草本植物(wu)高大。隨(sui)著(zhu)海(hai)拔的上升，依次(ci)出現(xian)典型(xing)(xing)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地常綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)、暖(nuan)性針葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)、針闊(kuo)(kuo)葉混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)、溫性針葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)、苔蘚矮(ai)曲林(lin)(lin)(lin)等。在海(hai)拔1100m的永安(an)巖(yan)分布著(zhu)羅(luo)浮栲(kao)(kao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、鉤栲(kao)(kao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)等原(yuan)生性的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地常綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)內蔭(yin)濕，物(wu)種豐富(fu)，地被層發達，隨(sui)處可見蘭科植物(wu)與野含(han)笑。在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體頂部(bu)分布著(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地灌叢，生長(chang)著(zhu)耐寒的長(chang)耳(er)玉(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)竹，與武(wu)夷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、臺灣(wan)玉(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)遙相呼應(ying)。

（三）東南地區重要的模式標本產地

福建(jian)戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)山(shan)自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)長(chang)期以(yi)來(lai)為許多動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學家(jia)所關(guan)注(zhu)，這(zhe)里(li)獨特的(de)地質地貌與氣候(hou)孕育了(le)眾多的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)，這(zhe)里(li)是著名的(de)模式(shi)標(biao)(biao)本產地之一。據(ju)不(bu)完全統計(ji)，以(yi)保護(hu)區(qu)內的(de)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)發表(biao)了(le)福建(jian)毛蛣(ji)蛉(ling)、戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)樹白蟻、中國狹個木虱、中華長(chang)葉曲嚙、趙(zhao)氏觸嚙、八閩(min)鱗蛉(ling)和(he)戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)姬蜂虻等(deng)52個昆蟲新(xin)種(zhong)。劉承釗和(he)胡(hu)淑琴(qin)（1975）發表(biao)了(le)小棘蛙(wa)、戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)湍蛙(wa)2個蛙(wa)類新(xin)種(zhong)。秦仁昌(chang)和(he)邢公俠（1981）根據(ju)1974年福建(jian)蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)調(diao)查(cha)隊采集的(de)蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)標(biao)(biao)本發表(biao)了(le)德化毛蕨等(deng)6個蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)新(xin)種(zhong)。鄭(zheng)清(qing)芳(fang)和(he)黃克福（1984）、曾滄江（1987）、林來(lai)官（1991）、林來(lai)官和(he)黃以(yi)鐘（1995）、張永田(tian)（1995）等(deng)發表(biao)了(le)九(jiu)仙(xian)莓(mei)、戴(dai)(dai)云(yun)(yun)山(shan)苔草、長(chang)耳玉山(shan)竹等(deng)6個新(xin)種(zhong)。

（四）蘭科植物資源

戴云山自(zi)然保(bao)護區地形(xing)復雜，且(qie)地處中亞熱(re)帶(dai)與南亞熱(re)帶(dai)的過(guo)渡帶(dai)，氣候變化大，雨量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei)，相對濕(shi)度大，孕育了豐富的野生蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)科植物，種類(lei)有花(hua)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)開唇(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)（金線蓮）、無葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、竹葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、日本卷瓣(ban)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、廣東(dong)石(shi)豆蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、傘花(hua)石(shi)豆蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、大序隔(ge)距蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、廣東(dong)隔(ge)距蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、建蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、多花(hua)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、春蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、墨(mo)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、細(xi)莖(jing)石(shi)斛(hu)、石(shi)斛(hu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、半柱毛蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、小(xiao)斑葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、絨(rong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)斑葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、鵝毛玉鳳花(hua)、十字(zi)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、鐮翅羊耳蒜、見(jian)血清、長莖(jing)羊耳蒜、纖葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)釵子股、闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)沼蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、心(xin)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)球(qiu)柄蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、鵝毛白蝶花(hua)、撕裂闊(kuo)蕊蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、鶴頂(ding)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、細(xi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)石(shi)仙桃、石(shi)仙桃、小(xiao)舌唇(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)寄樹(shu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、綬草(cao)、帶(dai)唇(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)等47種，是蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)科植物的重要保(bao)存(cun)地。

（五）生物多樣性和瀕危動植物物種

大面積的森林(lin)孕(yun)育了豐富的生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)(yang)性，區內有(you)(you)高等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)284科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)928屬(shu)(shu)(shu)2066種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)55科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)101屬(shu)(shu)(shu)149種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)41科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)84屬(shu)(shu)(shu)183種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)14屬(shu)(shu)(shu)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)180科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)729屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1714種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（雙子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)150科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)571屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1366種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)30科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)158屬(shu)(shu)(shu)348種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)），其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)珍稀瀕危(wei)或特有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共115種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)34目99科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)420種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)魚類4目14科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩棲類2目7科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類3目12科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)70種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類17目45科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)194種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；獸類8目21科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲綱（含蛛形綱蜱螨亞綱）30目260科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1645種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；大型真菌有(you)(you)39科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)136種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；土(tu)壤微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)12目18科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)35屬(shu)(shu)(shu)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)里天然分布的國(guo)家I級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)水松、南方紅(hong)(hong)豆杉、銀杏(xing)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家II級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)粗齒桫欏、針毛桫欏、金毛狗、福建(jian)柏、樟(zhang)樹、閩楠、花(hua)櫚木、紅(hong)(hong)豆樹、半(ban)楓(feng)荷、傘花(hua)木、喜樹、香果樹17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；蘭科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多達47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；福建(jian)省重點保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家一級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)云豹、黃腹角雉、蟒(mang)蛇、豹等(deng)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家二(er)級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)穿山(shan)(shan)甲、大靈貓(mao)、小靈貓(mao)、蘇(su)門羚、豺、水獺(ta)、黑熊、金貓(mao)、豹貓(mao)、獼猴、鴛鴦、白(bai)鷴、烏雕、雕鸮、褐林(lin)鸮、草鸮、斑(ban)頭(tou)鵂(xiu)鹠、蛇雕、松雀鷹、虎(hu)紋蛙、鳳頭(tou)鵑隼(sun)、白(bai)腹山(shan)(shan)雕等(deng)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，具有(you)(you)豐富的野生(sheng)瀕危(wei)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)(yang)性。

地理環境

位置境域

福建戴(dai)云山國家級自然保護區(qu)行(xing)政區(qu)劃屬泉州市德化縣，保護區(qu)總面(mian)積(ji)為13472.4公頃(qing)(qing)，其中核(he)心區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)5514.1公頃(qing)(qing)，緩(huan)沖區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)3515.4公頃(qing)(qing)，實驗區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)4442.9公頃(qing)(qing)。涉及赤水、雷峰、南埕、桂(gui)陽、上涌(yong)、大(da)銘6個鄉鎮22個行(xing)政村，東至蟠龍(long)，西至黃山，北至陳溪，南至東里。地(di)理坐(zuo)標范圍在(zai)東經118°05′22″～118°20′15″，北緯25°38′07″～25°43′40″之間。

地形地貌

戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)脈平均海(hai)拔(ba)700～1500m，主峰(feng)(feng)戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)在德化縣境內，海(hai)拔(ba)1856m，是閩中(zhong)高山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)，素有“閩中(zhong)屋(wu)脊”之稱(cheng)。戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)質(zhi)構(gou)造(zao)屬浙閩活化古陸臺(tai)，受地(di)(di)質(zhi)構(gou)造(zao)運動影響，多次間歇(xie)性大(da)幅度(du)隆起形(xing)成(cheng)雄偉龐大(da)山(shan)(shan)脈。與武夷山(shan)(shan)脈相比(bi)，戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)脈的特點是基帶寬(kuan)度(du)大(da)，一(yi)般可達(da)數十公里，寬(kuan)的一(yi)段在中(zhong)部德化—大(da)田一(yi)線(xian)，可達(da)100km。戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)自然保護區包括(kuo)了戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)主峰(feng)(feng)，以主峰(feng)(feng)向四周(zhou)傾斜，呈層狀逐級下降，高海(hai)拔(ba)1856m，低(di)海(hai)拔(ba)650m，相對高差達(da)1206m，相當懸殊，氣候與植被垂(chui)直變化明顯。區內地(di)(di)形(xing)復雜(za)，屬于中(zhong)、低(di)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)貌。區內山(shan)(shan)脈連綿，河谷(gu)劇烈(lie)下切，峽谷(gu)十分發育。

氣候

戴(dai)云山位于中亞熱帶(dai)(dai)和南亞熱帶(dai)(dai)的交界線，體(ti)現出(chu)中亞熱帶(dai)(dai)與南亞熱帶(dai)(dai)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)、土(tu)壤、植被、動(dong)物(wu)、植物(wu)等(deng)的過(guo)渡特征，為(wei)海洋性(xing)季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)區，氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫涼適中，四季分明(ming)，氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)垂直變化(hua)大，小氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)突出(chu)。根據區內九仙山氣(qi)象站(zhan)資料(liao)記錄，保護區年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫15.6～19.5℃，1月均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫6.5～10.5℃，7月均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫23～27.5℃，極端(duan)高(gao)(gao)溫36.6℃，極端(duan)低溫－16.8℃，年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)1875.4小時(shi)，無霜期260天(tian)，年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降雨量(liang)1700～2000mm，霧日(ri)年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)達(da)220天(tian)，最高(gao)(gao)年份達(da)260天(tian)，僅次于四川峨眉山，年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)相對濕度在80﹪以上(shang)(shang)，該(gai)區風(feng)(feng)速較大，八級風(feng)(feng)以上(shang)(shang)達(da)203天(tian)，僅次于吉林天(tian)池。

土壤

地(di)(di)(di)帶性土壤(rang)為(wei)花崗巖風化發育而成的紅壤(rang)，分布于海拔500m以(yi)下，隨著海拔的上(shang)升，表(biao)現出一定的垂直變(bian)化，依次(ci)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)紅壤(rang)、山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)黃紅壤(rang)和山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)黃壤(rang)，局部分布著沼澤土。林地(di)(di)(di)土壤(rang)較(jiao)厚(hou)，腐殖質(zhi)層(ceng)厚(hou)約(yue)20cm，地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)枯枝落葉層(ceng)厚(hou)5～20cm，表(biao)土質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)壤(rang)土，土壤(rang)呈(cheng)酸性反(fan)應。

水文

區(qu)內水系(xi)發達，大(da)小(xiao)溪流23條，集雨面積(ji)在50km2長(chang)度在10km以上(shang)的(de)有9條，全年(nian)可為下游提(ti)供25億m3淡水，是(shi)閩(min)江大(da)樟溪重要發源地(di)，且部分通過(guo)引水匯入(ru)晉江，溪流坡降(jiang)大(da)，水力資源豐富，是(shi)閩(min)中(zhong)重要水源涵養(yang)區(qu)及重點生態功能區(qu)。

歷史沿革

1985年5月，經福建省人民政府批準(zhun)建立(li)，面積9730公頃。

1985年8月，德化縣(xian)人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)成立“德化縣(xian)戴(dai)云山自然保(bao)護區管(guan)理處”，機構規(gui)格為縣(xian)局級建制（正科(ke)級）事(shi)業(ye)單(dan)位，隸屬(shu)德化縣(xian)人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)領導。

2002年5月，德化縣人民政(zheng)府提出“關于申報戴(dai)云山(shan)國家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)的議案”，并(bing)經德化縣人大常委(wei)會(hui)表決通過，交由(you)縣人民政(zheng)府組織申報。

2003年3月，經福建省人民政府同意，正式(shi)申報國(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區，并相繼通過了國(guo)家林業局、國(guo)家環保總(zong)局組織的專家評審。

2005年7月23日，經國務(wu)院(yuan)（國辦發[2005]40號）批準，升格為(wei)國家級自然保護區，成為(wei)福建省(sheng)第8個森林和(he)野生動物(wu)類型國家級自然保護區。