太子山國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區前身(shen)為臨(lin)夏(xia)州(zhou)(zhou)太子山總場(chang),建場(chang)于1957年(nian);1991年(nian)更名為“臨(lin)夏(xia)回(hui)族(zu)自治(zhi)州(zhou)(zhou)太子山水源涵養林(lin)建設總場(chang)”。
2001年12月,甘肅省政(zheng)府決(jue)定將太子山林(lin)區移交省林(lin)業廳直屬管理。
2002年7月(yue),甘肅省政府頒發了林權證(zheng);2003年9月(yue),太子山自(zi)然保護區(qu)管(guan)理局掛牌(pai)成立。
2005年12月,批準為甘肅省級自然保護(hu)區。
2012年1月由國(guo)務(wu)院辦(ban)公廳(ting)確定為國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區。
太(tai)子山(shan)國家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區位(wei)于臨夏(xia)(xia)(xia)回(hui)族(zu)自(zi)治州與甘南藏(zang)族(zu)自(zi)治州之間(jian),東南起洮河(he)下游地(di)區,西(xi)南與甘南州臨潭、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)河(he)、合作(zuo)、卓尼四(si)縣(市)及青海省循(xun)化縣毗鄰,東北和(he)臨夏(xia)(xia)(xia)州康(kang)樂、和(he)政、臨夏(xia)(xia)(xia)、積(ji)石四(si)縣相接(jie)。地(di)理位(wei)置介于東經(jing)102°43′~103°42′,北緯35°02′~35°36′之間(jian)。
太子(zi)(zi)山(shan)(shan)國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)海拔(ba)在2200—4636米(mi)(mi)之間,主要由太子(zi)(zi)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)發源(yuan)而(er)來的(de)一系(xi)列山(shan)(shan)峰和溝谷組(zu)成,其(qi)中(zhong)海拔(ba)超過4000米(mi)(mi)以上的(de)山(shan)(shan)峰有(you):巴楞山(shan)(shan)(4080米(mi)(mi))、公太子(zi)(zi)山(shan)(shan)(4162米(mi)(mi))、母(mu)太子(zi)(zi)山(shan)(shan)(4332米(mi)(mi))等。
太(tai)子(zi)山國家級自然保護區屬溫帶大陸性氣候(hou),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫5.1℃,無霜期110天左右,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨量660毫米。
太(tai)子(zi)山(shan)國家級自然保護區從東向西(xi)縱布著(zhu)近30條(tiao)峽谷(gu),每條(tiao)山(shan)谷(gu)間都有河(溪)流(liu)流(liu)淌:據統計(ji),發源于保護區的(de)大小河(溪)流(liu)近200多條(tiao),其中較大的(de)河流(liu)有16條(tiao)。
太子山國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區總面積8.47萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。其中核心區2.6792萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),緩沖區3.2982萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),實驗區2.4926萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。
太子山國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)主要保護(hu)對象為青(qing)藏高原與黃土高原過渡(du)地帶森林生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)及生(sheng)物多樣性,屬于自(zi)然生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)類別林生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)類型自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)。
太(tai)子(zi)山國家級自(zi)然保護區生(sheng)物多樣性十(shi)分豐富(fu),稀有性顯著,據保護區官方資料,截止到(dao)2008年(nian),共有維管(guan)植物838種,其中稀有瀕危和重點保護植物有桃兒(er)七、紅花綠絨(rong)蒿、星葉草(cao)等51種。
截止(zhi)到2008年(nian),太子山國家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區有(you)(you)脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)208種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括(kuo)雪豹、林(lin)麝、蘇門羚(ling)等(deng)國家重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)130種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括(kuo)胡兀(wu)鷲、蒼鷹、藍(lan)馬雞等(deng)國家重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)兩棲爬(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中兩棲類(lei)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)魚類(lei)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);昆蟲682種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);有(you)(you)大型真菌61種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總數(shu)1789種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占甘肅省物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總數(shu)3560的(de)50.25%。
太子(zi)(zi)山國家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區(qu)由(you)于(yu)境內群峰林立,溪流奔涌,地貌奇特(te),林海雪原,形成了(le)二(er)郎(lang)廟、麻山峽、后(hou)東灣、扎子(zi)(zi)河、藥水(shui)峽、松(song)鳴巖、鐵(tie)溝、大(da)灣灘、三岔溝、槐(huai)樹(shu)關、關灘等10多處風光(guang)各異的森林風景(jing)區(qu),吸引了(le)省內外游(you)客(ke)紛紛前(qian)來(lai)休閑度假、觀光(guang)旅(lv)游(you)。
根據保(bao)護(hu)局對(dui)林(lin)業科(ke)研工(gong)作的要求(qiu)和保(bao)護(hu)區林(lin)業生產實際,局科(ke)研中心對(dui)八站(zhan)(圃)下達了2014年林(lin)業實驗(yan)(yan)項目(mu)任務,內(nei)容包括(kuo)落葉(xie)松鞘(qiao)蛾防治(zhi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、藍云杉(shan)栽培試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、云杉(shan)苗化學除草推廣試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、落葉(xie)松葉(xie)蜂(feng)防治(zhi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、中華(hua)鼢鼠(shu)投(tou)藥防治(zhi)等5項林(lin)業試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)項目(mu),要求(qiu)各站(zhan)(圃)積極做好試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)方案、觀測記錄等工(gong)作,認真(zhen)總結分析(xi)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)效果,并積極撰寫林(lin)業科(ke)研論文,在省級(ji)以上(shang)科(ke)研刊物上(shang)投(tou)稿(gao)發表。
太(tai)子(zi)山國家級自然保護區(qu)為(wei)縣級事業單位,內設紀委、工會(hui)、辦公室(shi)、計財(cai)科(ke)、人事科(ke)、資源保護科(ke)、防(fang)火(huo)辦、宣傳(chuan)科(ke)、科(ke)研中心、林業有害生物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)檢疫科(ke)、生態工程科(ke)、產(chan)業開發科(ke)、林業調查(cha)隊、共青團委14個(ge)(ge)(ge)部門科(ke)室(shi);下(xia)設總公司、藥水峽旅游公司兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)經營性單位;下(xia)轄(xia)紫溝(gou)、東灣、藥水、松鳴巖、新營、甲(jia)灘、關灘和槐山子(zi)8個(ge)(ge)(ge)保護站(圃),7站1圃設立了42個(ge)(ge)(ge)保護段(點(dian))。保護區(qu)成立有甘肅省森林公安局(ju)太(tai)子(zi)山分局(ju),為(wei)副(fu)縣級建制,下(xia)轄(xia)紫溝(gou)、東灣、藥水、新營、刁(diao)祁5個(ge)(ge)(ge)林區(qu)派出所。保護局(ju)實行局(ju)站點(dian)三級管理體(ti)系。
2001至2008年(nian)太(tai)子(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國家級自然保護區(qu)共完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)退耕還林(lin)荒山(shan)(shan)(shan)造(zao)林(lin)任務9.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),封山(shan)(shan)(shan)育(yu)林(lin)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。其(qi)中:2001年(nian),甘(gan)肅省(sheng)上下(xia)達(da)(da)(da)太(tai)子(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)保護局退耕還林(lin)荒山(shan)(shan)(shan)造(zao)林(lin)任務0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實際(ji)(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)85%;2002年(nian)下(xia)達(da)(da)(da)0.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實際(ji)(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)88%;2003年(nian)下(xia)達(da)(da)(da)1.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實際(ji)(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)90%;2004年(nian)下(xia)達(da)(da)(da)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實際(ji)(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)88%;2005年(nian)下(xia)達(da)(da)(da)3.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實際(ji)(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)3.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),其(qi)中:荒山(shan)(shan)(shan)造(zao)林(lin)1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)89%,封山(shan)(shan)(shan)育(yu)林(lin)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu);2006年(nian)下(xia)達(da)(da)(da)1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實際(ji)(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)90%;2007年(nian)下(xia)達(da)(da)(da)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實際(ji)(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)89%;2008年(nian)下(xia)達(da)(da)(da)0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),實際(ji)(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)90%。歷年(nian)保存(cun)率(lv)(lv)都(dou)在90%以上。
太(tai)子(zi)山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)在(zai)涵養水(shui)源、保(bao)持水(shui)土、調節氣候、維護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)良性(xing)循環等方面(mian)具有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)作用,是甘(gan)肅中(zhong)部和青海省東部重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)綠色屏(ping)障,是黃(huang)河上游重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)水(shui)源涵養林區(qu)。太(tai)子(zi)山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)對黃(huang)河的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)支流大夏河與洮河的(de)水(shui)源補(bu)給(gei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu),防止水(shui)土流失(shi)、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)森林與草地(di)植被、維護(hu)(hu)當(dang)地(di)與黃(huang)河流域的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全、促進社會經濟可持續發展(zhan)有(you)著十分重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)意(yi)義。