太(tai)子山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區前身(shen)為(wei)(wei)臨夏州太(tai)子山(shan)(shan)總(zong)場(chang)(chang),建(jian)場(chang)(chang)于1957年;1991年更名為(wei)(wei)“臨夏回族自治州太(tai)子山(shan)(shan)水源涵養林建(jian)設總(zong)場(chang)(chang)”。
2001年(nian)12月(yue),甘肅省政府決定(ding)將太子(zi)山林(lin)區移交省林(lin)業廳直屬管理。
2002年7月,甘肅省政府頒發了林(lin)權證;2003年9月,太(tai)子山自然(ran)保護區管(guan)理局掛(gua)牌成立。
2005年12月,批準為甘(gan)肅省(sheng)級自(zi)然保護區。
2012年1月由國務院辦公廳確定為國家級(ji)自然保護區。
太(tai)子山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)自然保護(hu)區位(wei)于臨(lin)夏回(hui)族(zu)自治州(zhou)與甘(gan)南(nan)藏族(zu)自治州(zhou)之間(jian),東南(nan)起洮河(he)下(xia)游地區,西南(nan)與甘(gan)南(nan)州(zhou)臨(lin)潭、夏河(he)、合作、卓(zhuo)尼四縣(xian)(市)及(ji)青海省(sheng)循化縣(xian)毗鄰,東北和臨(lin)夏州(zhou)康樂、和政、臨(lin)夏、積石四縣(xian)相(xiang)接。地理位(wei)置(zhi)介于東經102°43′~103°42′,北緯35°02′~35°36′之間(jian)。
太子山(shan)(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)海拔在(zai)2200—4636米之(zhi)間,主要由太子山(shan)(shan)脈發源而來(lai)的一系列山(shan)(shan)峰和(he)溝谷組成,其中(zhong)海拔超過4000米以上(shang)的山(shan)(shan)峰有:巴楞(leng)山(shan)(shan)(4080米)、公太子山(shan)(shan)(4162米)、母太子山(shan)(shan)(4332米)等。
太(tai)子(zi)山國(guo)家級自然保護(hu)區屬溫帶大陸(lu)性氣(qi)候,年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫5.1℃,無霜期110天左右,年平均(jun)降(jiang)雨量(liang)660毫米。
太子(zi)山國家級自然(ran)保護區從東向西縱布著近(jin)30條(tiao)峽谷,每條(tiao)山谷間都有(you)河(he)(溪)流流淌:據(ju)統計,發源于(yu)保護區的(de)大小河(he)(溪)流近(jin)200多條(tiao),其(qi)中(zhong)較大的(de)河(he)流有(you)16條(tiao)。
太子(zi)山國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)總面積(ji)8.47萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。其中(zhong)核心區(qu)2.6792萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),緩沖區(qu)3.2982萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),實驗區(qu)2.4926萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。
太子(zi)山國(guo)家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)主(zhu)要保護(hu)對象為青藏高(gao)原與黃土高(gao)原過渡(du)地(di)帶森林生態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)及生物多樣性,屬(shu)于(yu)自然(ran)生態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)類別林生態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)類型自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)。
太子山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)生物多樣性十分豐(feng)富,稀有(you)(you)性顯(xian)著(zhu),據保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)官方資料,截(jie)止到2008年,共有(you)(you)維管植(zhi)物838種(zhong),其中稀有(you)(you)瀕危和(he)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物有(you)(you)桃兒七、紅花(hua)綠絨(rong)蒿、星葉草等51種(zhong)。
截止到2008年,太子山國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)有脊椎動物208種(zhong)(zhong),包括雪豹、林麝(she)、蘇(su)門(men)羚(ling)等國家(jia)重點保(bao)護野(ye)生動物11種(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)130種(zhong)(zhong),包括胡(hu)兀鷲、蒼鷹、藍馬雞等國家(jia)重點保(bao)護鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)21種(zhong)(zhong);有兩棲(qi)(qi)爬(pa)行(xing)動物8種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)兩棲(qi)(qi)類(lei)(lei)5種(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行(xing)類(lei)(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong);有魚類(lei)(lei)10種(zhong)(zhong);昆蟲682種(zhong)(zhong);有大型真菌61種(zhong)(zhong)。物種(zhong)(zhong)總(zong)數1789種(zhong)(zhong),占甘肅省(sheng)物種(zhong)(zhong)總(zong)數3560的50.25%。
太子(zi)山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區由于境內(nei)群峰林立(li),溪流奔涌,地(di)貌奇(qi)特,林海(hai)雪原(yuan),形成了二郎廟、麻山(shan)峽、后(hou)東灣、扎(zha)子(zi)河(he)、藥水峽、松鳴巖、鐵溝、大灣灘(tan)、三岔(cha)溝、槐樹(shu)關、關灘(tan)等10多處風(feng)光(guang)各異的森林風(feng)景區,吸(xi)引(yin)了省內(nei)外(wai)游(you)(you)客紛(fen)紛(fen)前來休閑度(du)假、觀光(guang)旅游(you)(you)。
根據保護局對林(lin)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)要求和保護區林(lin)業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)實際(ji),局科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)中(zhong)心對八站(zhan)(圃)下達了2014年林(lin)業(ye)(ye)實驗項目(mu)任(ren)務,內容包括落葉松鞘蛾防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)試(shi)驗、藍(lan)云杉栽(zai)培試(shi)驗、云杉苗化學(xue)除草推廣試(shi)驗、落葉松葉蜂防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)試(shi)驗、中(zhong)華鼢(fen)鼠投(tou)藥(yao)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)5項林(lin)業(ye)(ye)試(shi)驗項目(mu),要求各(ge)站(zhan)(圃)積(ji)極(ji)做好試(shi)驗方案(an)、觀(guan)測記(ji)錄等(deng)工(gong)作(zuo),認真總結(jie)分析(xi)試(shi)驗效果,并積(ji)極(ji)撰寫(xie)林(lin)業(ye)(ye)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)論文,在省級以上科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)(yan)刊物上投(tou)稿發(fa)表。
太(tai)子(zi)(zi)山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)為縣級(ji)(ji)事業(ye)單位,內設紀委(wei)、工(gong)會、辦公(gong)室(shi)、計(ji)財科(ke)(ke)(ke)、人事科(ke)(ke)(ke)、資(zi)源保(bao)(bao)護(hu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、防火辦、宣(xuan)傳科(ke)(ke)(ke)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)研中心(xin)、林(lin)業(ye)有(you)害生(sheng)物防治檢疫科(ke)(ke)(ke)、生(sheng)態工(gong)程科(ke)(ke)(ke)、產業(ye)開發(fa)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、林(lin)業(ye)調(diao)查(cha)隊、共青團委(wei)14個部門科(ke)(ke)(ke)室(shi);下(xia)(xia)設總公(gong)司、藥(yao)(yao)水(shui)峽旅游(you)公(gong)司兩個經營性單位;下(xia)(xia)轄(xia)紫溝(gou)、東(dong)灣、藥(yao)(yao)水(shui)、松鳴巖、新營、甲(jia)灘、關灘和(he)槐山(shan)子(zi)(zi)8個保(bao)(bao)護(hu)站(圃(pu)),7站1圃(pu)設立了42個保(bao)(bao)護(hu)段(點)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)成立有(you)甘肅省森林(lin)公(gong)安局太(tai)子(zi)(zi)山(shan)分局,為副(fu)縣級(ji)(ji)建(jian)制,下(xia)(xia)轄(xia)紫溝(gou)、東(dong)灣、藥(yao)(yao)水(shui)、新營、刁(diao)祁(qi)5個林(lin)區(qu)派出所。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)局實行(xing)局站點三(san)級(ji)(ji)管(guan)理體系。
2001至2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)太(tai)子山(shan)(shan)國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區共完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)退(tui)耕還林(lin)(lin)荒(huang)山(shan)(shan)造林(lin)(lin)任務9.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),封山(shan)(shan)育林(lin)(lin)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。其中:2001年(nian)(nian)(nian),甘肅(su)省上(shang)下達(da)(da)太(tai)子山(shan)(shan)保(bao)護(hu)局退(tui)耕還林(lin)(lin)荒(huang)山(shan)(shan)造林(lin)(lin)任務0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)85%;2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)下達(da)(da)0.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)88%;2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)下達(da)(da)1.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)90%;2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)下達(da)(da)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)88%;2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)下達(da)(da)3.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)3.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),其中:荒(huang)山(shan)(shan)造林(lin)(lin)1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)89%,封山(shan)(shan)育林(lin)(lin)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu);2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)下達(da)(da)1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)90%;2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)下達(da)(da)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)89%;2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)下達(da)(da)0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),實(shi)際(ji)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)0.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率(lv)(lv)90%。歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)保(bao)存率(lv)(lv)都(dou)在90%以(yi)上(shang)。
太(tai)(tai)子(zi)山(shan)國家級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區在涵(han)養水(shui)源、保(bao)持水(shui)土(tu)、調(diao)節(jie)氣候、維護生(sheng)態良性(xing)循環等方(fang)面具(ju)有重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要作用,是甘肅(su)中部和青海省(sheng)東部重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)綠色屏(ping)障,是黃(huang)河(he)上游重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)水(shui)源涵(han)養林區。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)山(shan)國家級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區對黃(huang)河(he)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要支流(liu)(liu)大夏河(he)與洮河(he)的(de)(de)水(shui)源補(bu)給(gei)保(bao)護,防止水(shui)土(tu)流(liu)(liu)失、保(bao)護森林與草(cao)地植被、維護當地與黃(huang)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域的(de)(de)生(sheng)態安全、促進社會(hui)經濟(ji)可持續發展有著十分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)意義。