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寬闊水(shui)國家級保護(hu)區位于貴州省遵(zun)義市綏陽縣北(bei)部，地理坐標為(wei)東經107°02′23〞-107°14′09〞，北(bei)緯28°06′25″-28°19′25″，東西寬約19km，南(nan)北(bei)長約20km。保護(hu)區總面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)26 231hm2，其(qi)功能區劃(hua)為(wei)：核心(xin)區面(mian)(mian)積9 085hm2，緩沖區面(mian)(mian)積6 186hm2，實驗區面(mian)(mian)積10 960hm2。

寬闊水(shui)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)于1989年建立縣級(ji)保護(hu)區(qu) (綏府〔1989〕24號(hao))，2001年升格為省級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu) (省編辦發〔2001〕205號(hao))，2007年經國(guo)(guo)務院批準建立國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu) (國(guo)(guo)辦發〔2007〕20號(hao))。

寬(kuan)闊水國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)屬森(sen)林(lin)和(he)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)類型自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)。主要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)對象為(wei)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性亮葉(xie)(xie)水青(qing)(qing)岡林(lin)為(wei)主體的(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型亞熱(re)帶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山常綠落葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)混(hun)交(jiao)林(lin)、黑葉(xie)(xie)猴、紅(hong)腹錦雞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)及(ji)其自(zi)(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境以及(ji)大量野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)珍(zhen)稀(xi)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)起源(yuan)古老，原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性強(qiang)，孤寡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多，自(zi)(zi)然(ran)資源(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)。經考察(cha)，區(qu)內現已查明有(you)(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)資源(yuan)625科4133種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)I級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)黑葉(xie)(xie)猴、豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、林(lin)麝(she)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)I級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)珙(gong)桐、紅(hong)豆杉、南方紅(hong)豆杉3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)獼猴、大鯢、鴛鴦、水青(qing)(qing)樹(shu)(shu)、黃杉等國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，貴(gui)州省省級保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，還有(you)(you)(you)被(bei)列入《瀕危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際貿易公約》(CITES) 附錄Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘭科植(zhi)物(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)被(bei)列入《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)瀕危動(dong)(dong)物(wu)紅(hong)皮書》的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥類7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。經專家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)考察(cha)鑒證，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內大面(mian)積在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)乃至世界具有(you)(you)(you)典(dian)型性、代表性、完(wan)整性和(he)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性亮葉(xie)(xie)水青(qing)(qing)岡森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統、位居全(quan)球種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)數量第(di)二的(de)(de)(de)(de)黑葉(xie)(xie)猴、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)分(fen)布(bu)密度和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)數量最(zui)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)腹錦雞、豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)資源(yuan)、喀斯特(te)與常態(tai)侵(qin)蝕并存的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)、頂級和(he)演(yan)替(ti)并存的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統和(he)眾多美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)景觀，使保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)在(zai)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、科研、教學和(he)旅游方面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值。因(yin)此，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)不僅是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞熱(re)帶山地(di)(di)(di)(di)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統結構功能(neng)及(ji)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，也是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞熱(re)帶山區(qu)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)庫和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)進化研究(jiu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、喀斯特(te)非地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶性森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶性森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統動(dong)(dong)態(tai)對比研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、理想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)外鳥類研究(jiu)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝地(di)(di)(di)(di)。