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寬闊水國(guo)家級保(bao)護區(qu)位于貴(gui)州省遵(zun)義市綏陽縣(xian)北部，地(di)理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經107°02′23〞-107°14′09〞，北緯28°06′25″-28°19′25″，東(dong)西寬約19km，南北長約20km。保(bao)護區(qu)總面(mian)積為26 231hm2，其功能區(qu)劃為：核心區(qu)面(mian)積9 085hm2，緩沖(chong)區(qu)面(mian)積6 186hm2，實(shi)驗區(qu)面(mian)積10 960hm2。

寬(kuan)闊水國家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)于1989年(nian)建立(li)縣級保護區(qu)(qu) (綏(sui)府〔1989〕24號(hao))，2001年(nian)升格(ge)為省級自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu) (省編辦(ban)發(fa)〔2001〕205號(hao))，2007年(nian)經(jing)國務院批(pi)準建立(li)國家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu) (國辦(ban)發(fa)〔2007〕20號(hao))。

寬闊(kuo)水(shui)國(guo)家級保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)屬森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)和(he)(he)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)型(xing)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。主要保(bao)護對象為原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)亮(liang)葉(xie)水(shui)青岡(gang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)為主體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)中山常(chang)綠落葉(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)混交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、黑葉(xie)猴(hou)、紅(hong)(hong)腹(fu)(fu)錦(jin)(jin)雞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)及(ji)其自(zi)(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境以(yi)及(ji)大量野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)珍稀動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)起源古老，原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)強，孤寡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、特有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多，自(zi)(zi)然資源豐富。經考察(cha)，區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內現已查明有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源625科4133種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中國(guo)家I級重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)黑葉(xie)猴(hou)、豹、云(yun)豹、林(lin)(lin)(lin)麝4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家I級重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)珙(gong)桐、紅(hong)(hong)豆(dou)(dou)杉(shan)、南方紅(hong)(hong)豆(dou)(dou)杉(shan)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)獼猴(hou)、大鯢(ni)、鴛(yuan)鴦、水(shui)青樹、黃杉(shan)等國(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，貴(gui)州省省級保(bao)護樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，還有(you)(you)被(bei)(bei)列入《瀕危(wei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公約》(CITES) 附錄(lu)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘭科植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)被(bei)(bei)列入《中國(guo)瀕危(wei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)紅(hong)(hong)皮(pi)書》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥類(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。經專家考察(cha)鑒證，保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內大面積在中國(guo)乃(nai)至世界具(ju)有(you)(you)典(dian)型(xing)性(xing)(xing)、代表性(xing)(xing)、完整(zheng)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)特有(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)亮(liang)葉(xie)水(shui)青岡(gang)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、位居全球種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)數量第二(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑葉(xie)猴(hou)、全國(guo)分布(bu)密度和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)數量最高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)腹(fu)(fu)錦(jin)(jin)雞、豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源、喀斯特與常(chang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)侵蝕(shi)并存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特地(di)貌、頂(ding)級和(he)(he)演替并存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)眾(zhong)多美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然景(jing)觀，使保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護、科研、教學和(he)(he)旅游(you)方面有(you)(you)著十(shi)分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)。因(yin)此，保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不僅(jin)是(shi)中亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)山地(di)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)結構功能及(ji)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)研究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要基(ji)地(di)，也(ye)是(shi)中亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)因(yin)庫和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)進化(hua)研究基(ji)地(di)、喀斯特非地(di)帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)地(di)帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)動(dong)(dong)態(tai)(tai)(tai)對比研究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要基(ji)地(di)、理想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)外鳥類(lei)研究基(ji)地(di)和(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)旅游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勝地(di)。