銅鼓嶺國(guo)(guo)(guo)際生(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)區位于海(hai)(hai)(hai)南省文昌市東(dong)部(bu)濱海(hai)(hai)(hai)地區龍樓鎮,屬海(hai)(hai)(hai)南島最(zui)東(dong)部(bu),東(dong)南兩面均臨南海(hai)(hai)(hai),西(xi)至衛星發射基地,北靠鋪前旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)區,規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)總面積約(yue)86平方公(gong)里(li),海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)線長約(yue)30公(gong)里(li),包括銅鼓嶺國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區(含(han)石頭公(gong)園、淇水灣近岸(an))、月亮灣、寶陵(ling)河(he)等。旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)區具(ju)有我國(guo)(guo)(guo)稀有的(de)熱帶季(ji)雨矮林(lin)、珊瑚(hu)礁(jiao)、紅樹(shu)林(lin)等熱帶自然景觀(guan)。旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)區規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)陸地面積為46平方公(gong)里(li),該(gai)區域(yu)將與文昌航天(tian)城交(jiao)相輝(hui)映,形成(cheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內著名的(de)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)休(xiu)閑、觀(guan)光度假以及科普(pu)教育基地。按照規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)區將打造成(cheng)為集旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)、休(xiu)閑、度假為一(yi)體的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際知名、國(guo)(guo)(guo)內一(yi)流(liu)的(de)生(sheng)態濱海(hai)(hai)(hai)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)區。該(gai)項目已列為海(hai)(hai)(hai)南省“十一(yi)五”規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)重點項目。
區(qu)(qu)(qu)內分為銅(tong)鼓(gu)嶺(ling)國家自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、淇水灣濱海度(du)假(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、月(yue)亮(liang)灣濱海度(du)假(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、寶陵河公(gong)(gong)共中(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)(qu)、龍樓旅游風情小(xiao)鎮區(qu)(qu)(qu)、沿海生態保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、外圍生態控制區(qu)(qu)(qu)八大(da)組團(tuan),集(ji)中(zhong)了文化體育運(yun)動公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)、五星級酒店、游艇俱樂部、高檔住宅、生態公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)、濱海浴(yu)場(chang)、石頭公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)、景觀(guan)大(da)道以及(ji)中(zhong)國最(zui)長的濱海景觀(guan)步行走廊等項目。據悉(xi),該項目由魯能集(ji)團(tuan)、華隆集(ji)團(tuan)做(zuo)整體規劃(hua)。
銅鼓嶺(ling)是海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南一大名山,素(su)有(you)"瓊東第一峰(feng)(feng)"之稱,主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔338米,伴有(you)18座(zuo)大小不同的(de)(de)山峰(feng)(feng),群(qun)峰(feng)(feng)競(jing)秀(xiu),層(ceng)巒疊翠,風(feng)光(guang)旖(yi)旎(ni)。嶺(ling)上(shang)植被生長繁茂,種(zhong)類眾多,獸類有(you)20多種(zhong),鳥類有(you)60多種(zhong),形(xing)成了一座(zuo)天然(ran)的(de)(de)生態(tai)植物園(yuan)、百草(cao)園(yuan)和野生動物園(yuan)。還有(you)奇巖(yan)異(yi)石(shi),千姿百態(tai),形(xing)成了一座(zuo)幽(you)邃迷人的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)濱石(shi)景公(gong)園(yuan)。嶺(ling)下海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域廣闊(kuo),擁有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)水產資源,魚類有(you)800多種(zhong),貝類20多種(zhong),距(ju)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸四、五(wu)十米的(de)(de)淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)帶上(shang)長著(zhu)五(wu)光(guang)十色的(de)(de)珊瑚礁(jiao),光(guang)怪陸(lu)離的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)底世界,形(xing)成了一座(zuo)天然(ran)的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)底自然(ran)公(gong)園(yuan)。銅鼓嶺(ling)月亮(liang)灣、淇水灣、云(yun)龍灣的(de)(de)沙灘如銀、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水湛藍、波平浪靜(jing)、沒有(you)污染(ran),是理想的(de)(de)天然(ran)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水泳場。嶺(ling)上(shang)頂峰(feng)(feng)可(ke)觀日出,可(ke)看云(yun)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)看晚(wan)霞。距(ju)銅鼓嶺(ling)17海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)里的(de)(de)蓬萊仙境般(ban)的(de)(de)七(qi)洲列島(dao),時隱時現,蔚為奇觀。
銅(tong)鼓(gu)嶺素有(you)“瓊東第一(yi)峰”的(de)美稱,“銅(tong)鼓(gu)鳴韶”為文(wen)昌(chang)老八景(jing)之一(yi)。據傳東漢馬伏波將(jiang)軍率部交趾在此扎營,班師回朝時遺銅(tong)鼓(gu),后人掘得,故名銅(tong)鼓(gu)嶺,迄(qi)今(jin)已有(you)二千多年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史(shi)了。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)經(jing)文(wen)昌(chang)縣(現(xian)文(wen)昌(chang)市)政府批準(zhun)其(qi)為縣級(ji)(ji)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian),海南(nan)建(jian)省辦特(te)區(qu)后,海南(nan)省人民政府將(jiang)銅(tong)鼓(gu)嶺自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)列為省級(ji)(ji)重點自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)23日(ri),國(guo)務院辦公廳批準(zhun)為國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。
銅(tong)(tong)鼓嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)位(wei)于南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)海(hai)之(zhi)濱(bin)的(de)(de)(de)瓊東北沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)—海(hai)相(xiang)堆積(ji)(ji)階地平(ping)原之(zhi)上,因銅(tong)(tong)鼓嶺(ling)地形和水熱氣候因素(su)等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)差異。1987年(nian)開展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)鼓嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)綜合考察,發現植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有908種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)162科587屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。有蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16科26屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)154科559屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)874種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)有9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家(jia)珍稀瀕危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu):蕉木(mu)(mu)(mu)、土沉香、海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)風子(zi)、粘(zhan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)荔枝(zhi)、龍(long)眼(yan)、白桂(gui)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、苦(ku)梓(zi)、小花龍(long)血樹(shu)等(deng),此外,還有4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)蘇鐵(tie)、瓊刺欖、草豆蔻、林(lin)(lin)仔竹(zhu)(山(shan)竹(zhu)仔),3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)新分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):沙漠馬齒莧、水蕪花、海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)青(qing)牛膽。動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有獸(shou)類(lei)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥(niao)類(lei)20余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及爬行類(lei)、兩棲類(lei)、昆蟲等(deng)。在(zai)(zai)這些動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong),蟒蛇屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于國家(jia)一級保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),獼猴、穿山(shan)甲、海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)兔、褐翅(chi)鴉鵑、原雞、貓頭鷹、海(hai)龜等(deng)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于國家(jia)二級保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。2004年(nian),開展(zhan)銅(tong)(tong)鼓嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源核(he)查,發現銅(tong)(tong)鼓嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有984種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)168科,629屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。其中(zhong)蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)41種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)20科,31屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2科,2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)941種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)146科,596屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),在(zai)(zai)被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong),雙子(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)799種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)119科,502屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),單(dan)子(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)142種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)27科,94屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)984種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)蘇鐵(tie)、茶槁(gao)楠(nan)、古(gu)山(shan)龍(long)、海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)青(qing)牛膽、瓊刺欖、草豆蔻、林(lin)(lin)仔竹(zhu)(山(shan)竹(zhu)仔)等(deng)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)特(te)有植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)5.7%左右;瀕危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)和保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei):金(jin)毛(mao)狗(gou)、蕉木(mu)(mu)(mu)、白木(mu)(mu)(mu)香、海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)蘇鐵(tie)、海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)風子(zi)、紅花天料木(mu)(mu)(mu)(母生(sheng)(sheng))、白桂(gui)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)石梓(zi)、野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)荔枝(zhi)、野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)龍(long)眼(yan)、毛(mao)茶、粘(zhan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。銅(tong)(tong)鼓嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)經過二十多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)有效保(bao)護(hu),比1987年(nian)多記(ji)錄了69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維管(guan)束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。森林(lin)(lin)面積(ji)(ji)得到擴大(da),原先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)灌木(mu)(mu)(mu)林(lin)(lin)已經演替成次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin),竹(zhu)林(lin)(lin)面積(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)變小,森林(lin)(lin)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)增加,生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性在(zai)(zai)增加;熱帶低地季雨林(lin)(lin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群與(yu)(yu)樹(shu)高(gao)結構(gou)更加合理,生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統日趨成熟與(yu)(yu)穩(wen)定(ding)。
保護(hu)區(qu)范圍內珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)資源尤為(wei)豐(feng)富(fu),保護(hu)區(qu)的(de)淺海(hai)(hai)珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)為(wei)典型(xing)的(de)岸礁(jiao)類型(xing),主要有(you)造礁(jiao)石珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)、珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)藻、軟體動物(wu)及其它(ta)造礁(jiao)生物(wu),種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)100多種(zhong)(zhong),其中優(you)勢種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)各種(zhong)(zhong)鹿角珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)。珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)的(de)豐(feng)富(fu)度為(wei)2-3級。非造礁(jiao)珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)、軟珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu),魚類、藻類、其它(ta)與珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)有(you)關的(de)底棲生物(wu)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類也較豐(feng)富(fu)。重要水產資源還(huan)包括鮑魚、麒麟菜等。其北部出(chu)露有(you)王五——文(wen)教(jiao)深大斷裂構造遺跡,同時(shi)受(shou)新構造運動地殼間(jian)歇性上(shang)升(sheng)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)影(ying)響,巖漿巖節理(li)發育,經(jing)風化和(he)海(hai)(hai)蝕作(zuo)用(yong),形成海(hai)(hai)蝕崖、海(hai)(hai)蝕穴、海(hai)(hai)蝕龕、海(hai)(hai)蝕柱、海(hai)(hai)蝕槽、海(hai)(hai)蝕磨菇(gu)、海(hai)(hai)蝕平臺等海(hai)(hai)蝕地貌。這些地質地貌資源,在國內實屬罕見,是地質科(ke)研(yan)和(he)教(jiao)學的(de)活教(jiao)材。
通常所說銅(tong)鼓嶺指的(de)是338米的(de)主峰。據調(diao)查外,保護區內生(sheng)活(huo)著10種(zhong)(zhong)獸類(lei)(lei)(lei)、20多種(zhong)(zhong)禽(qin)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、6種(zhong)(zhong)蛇類(lei)(lei)(lei)以(yi)及各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)昆蟲類(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)兩棲動(dong)物,其中有獼猴、穿山(shan)甲、海南兔、褐翅鴉(ya)鵑、原雞(ji)、貓頭鷹、蟒蛇和(he)海龜等8種(zhong)(zhong)珍稀(xi)、國家瀕危保護動(dong)物;植物至少在908種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),分別隸屬于162科587屬。上(shang)(shang)(shang)山(shan)可以(yi)沿(yan)著盤山(shan)公路(lu)開車或步行;如(ru)果在半山(shan)腰雨(yu)林棧道入(ru)口處(chu)鉆(zhan)進(jin)新(xin)修的(de)登山(shan)古道拾(shi)級而(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang),可以(yi)真正領略到(dao)許多珍稀(xi)植物及根(gen)抱石等各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)帶雨(yu)林自(zi)然景觀,一路(lu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)擷趣一定不少。
山頂一部(bu)分是雷達(da)部(bu)隊的(de)(de)營(ying)地,北端是觀(guan)景(jing)臺(旁邊有一個風吹能動、搖而(er)不倒(dao)的(de)(de)"風動石")。登高遠眺(tiao),月亮(liang)灣海(hai)浪翻涌千層,海(hai)天一色空朦,漁帆游弋群鷗翱翔,遠眺(tiao)七洲列島如(ru)彩(cai)珠灑落海(hai)中……
沿著自(zi)西向東(dong)的(de)(de)寶陵河,繞過那些就(jiu)象長(chang)在美人臉上(shang)的(de)(de)疤痕一(yi)樣的(de)(de)無(wu)數蝦螗,到了出海(hai)口就(jiu)是月(yue)亮(liang)(liang)灣(wan)。從旁邊(bian)的(de)(de)山(shan)頭上(shang)俯瞰月(yue)亮(liang)(liang)灣(wan),25公里長(chang)蜿蜒曲(qu)折的(de)(de)海(hai)岸線,如同一(yi)鉤明亮(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)彎月(yue);南海(hai)層層疊疊的(de)(de)滔滔白浪(lang)又(you)如一(yi)條(tiao)條(tiao)銀白色的(de)(de)緞帶(dai),漣(lian)漪萬千;海(hai)中(zhong)一(yi)座座小島、礁石(shi)好似中(zhong)流砥(di)柱迎接(jie)著海(hai)浪(lang)的(de)(de)拍(pai)擊。
銅(tong)鼓嶺與銅(tong)鼓角之間有(you)許(xu)多海灣(wan),其中位于銅(tong)鼓角山下(xia)大澳(ao)港(gang)的(de)(de)大澳(ao)灣(wan)特別美麗(li)。從(cong)銅(tong)鼓嶺主(zhu)峰(feng)下(xia)山向南走,在到達南端(duan)的(de)(de)石頭公園之前,大澳(ao)灣(wan)是必(bi)經之地。大澳(ao)灣(wan)兩端(duan)是蔥郁的(de)(de)山峰(feng),中部是只有(you)1千米(mi)多的(de)(de)白色(se)的(de)(de)沙(sha)灘,"U"型(xing)海灣(wan)中海浪也如月亮灣(wan)一樣(yang)浪如花(hua)涌。海水非(fei)常純凈,沙(sha)灘非(fei)常細(xi)膩,用腳后跟蹭著(zhu)沙(sha)子可以聽(ting)到“吱(zhi)吱(zhi)”的(de)(de)響聲(sheng)。
大(da)澳灣(wan)入口(kou)處有一(yi)戶(hu)殷實人家,一(yi)個大(da)院子,放養著一(yi)群羊、幾頭牛,時(shi)常在(zai)大(da)海中釣魚、網魚自給(gei)自足,自駕車可以(yi)在(zai)此停車過夜(ye);海灣(wan)中也(ye)有一(yi)位老者居住(zhu)在(zai)臨時(shi)的(de)草屋(wu)中,可以(yi)給(gei)偶爾來(lai)此的(de)背包族提(ti)供些(xie)服務,草屋(wu)旁有一(yi)洼泉水(shui),可以(yi)引用和沖(chong)浴。
石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位于(yu)云龍灣和銅(tong)鼓(gu)嘴(zui)之間的(de)(de)銅(tong)鼓(gu)角山下。這些石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)其實在海(hai)南島很多地(di)方都(dou)有,但是(shi)因(yin)為依附于(yu)銅(tong)鼓(gu)嶺,更因(yin)為這些石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)是(shi)地(di)球深(shen)(shen)部玄武(wu)(wu)巖漿沿斷裂帶上升噴溢地(di)表(biao)而形(xing)成的(de)(de)玄武(wu)(wu)巖,石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)就(jiu)不平(ping)常了。海(hai)灘上的(de)(de)大(da)小石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭(tou)早被海(hai)浪(lang)和風雨侵蝕(shi)得如鬼斧(fu)神工般形(xing)態各異,顏色(se)不一;坐在礁石(shi)(shi)(shi)上,看著海(hai)水(shui)撲打巨石(shi)(shi)(shi)掀起的(de)(de)陣陣巨浪(lang),聽著那隆隆的(de)(de)巨響,你(ni)會深(shen)(shen)深(shen)(shen)體(ti)會到大(da)自然(ran)的(de)(de)威力與(yu)魅力。
也(ye)許海南(nan)島最(zui)具有震(zhen)撼力的(de)(de)(de)海邊(bian)景觀就(jiu)(jiu)是銅(tong)鼓嘴了(le)。在石(shi)頭(tou)(tou)公園入口外附近的(de)(de)(de)荒坡上仔(zi)細尋(xun)覓被(bei)茂盛的(de)(de)(de)雜草覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)階小路(lu),行走500米,就(jiu)(jiu)看到(dao)山(shan)頂被(bei)遺棄的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)事地堡和(he)緊鎖大(da)門的(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)塔。站在燈(deng)塔下,面向大(da)海方位左手方向,密林中有一條隱隱約約的(de)(de)(de)小徑,貓腰鉆進,竟豁然(ran)開朗,原來是一條800米長由高大(da)的(de)(de)(de)野波蘿(luo)和(he)不知名的(de)(de)(de)熱帶灌木、騰(teng)類編(bian)織成的(de)(de)(de)遮天蔽日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)綠蔭(yin)小路(lu)。路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)盡頭(tou)(tou)便(bian)是廣闊的(de)(de)(de)懸崖(ya),懸崖(ya)下面便(bian)是無際的(de)(de)(de)大(da)海,這就(jiu)(jiu)是銅(tong)鼓嘴山(shan)頂。
銅鼓嘴山頂是面積達十(shi)幾畝(mu)的起伏不平的草(cao)坡,草(cao)坡上(shang)長滿一叢(cong)叢(cong)低矮的野波蘿樹和狐(hu)尾椰,草(cao)坡面向東南滑向懸崖(ya)(ya),讓人(ren)不敢(gan)靠前(qian)(qian)。面對浩(hao)淼的大海(hai),迎著肆虐(nve)的海(hai)風,看(kan)著凹(ao)凸猙獰(ning)直墜200米深淵(yuan)的懸崖(ya)(ya)峭壁,人(ren)只能匍匐向前(qian)(qian)。剎那間,你(ni)(ni)的勇氣蕩然無存,你(ni)(ni)的人(ren)格變得如此卑微,你(ni)(ni)的煩惱和疲憊也都消(xiao)逝在這無盡的山海(hai)間。
云龍灣(wan)的(de)奇異(yi)不(bu)在(zai)海上而(er)在(zai)海底。幾千米(mi)長(chang)的(de)海灣(wan)下面竟然分布著(zhu)100多種(zhong)保護完(wan)好(hao)的(de)珊(shan)瑚資(zi)源,以及依賴珊(shan)瑚礁(jiao)棲息的(de)海草和(he)400多種(zhong)珊(shan)瑚礁(jiao)魚(yu)類。值得一(yi)提的(de)是(shi),這里(li)岸邊清澈的(de)海水(shui)下面生(sheng)長(chang)著(zhu)許多令平(ping)常人恐怖但(dan)并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)任何危險的(de)蜂窩珊(shan)瑚,巨大的(de)膠質狀(zhuang)蜂窩珊(shan)瑚有(you)的(de)面積甚至達一(yi)、二十(shi)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),有(you)的(de)象(xiang)鍋蓋(gai),有(you)的(de)象(xiang)牛糞,布滿(man)海底礁(jiao)巖;海底緩坡和(he)巨石崖壁上生(sheng)長(chang)著(zhu)搖曳漂浮的(de)海草,海草叢(cong)上是(shi)四處游弋的(de)寶貝、螃蟹和(he)五彩繽紛的(de)小魚(yu)。
民(min)間(jian)傳說編輯 有(you)(you)傳說曰:“風(feng)(feng)動(dong)石”是一(yi)(yi)位叫金絲(si)(si)姑娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)的(de)(de)(de)仙(xian)女的(de)(de)(de)化身。在很(hen)久很(hen)久以前,天(tian)(tian)上(shang)玉(yu)皇(huang)患重病,皇(huang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)夜夢銅鼓(gu)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)有(you)(you)草藥(yao)可治,便派仙(xian)女金絲(si)(si)姑娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)到(dao)該嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)尋采。因遇(yu)上(shang)獼猴;受驚(jing)跌落(luo)山澗,被(bei)當地一(yi)(yi)青(qing)年獵(lie)手搭救。金絲(si)(si)姑娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)為了報(bao)答那位青(qing)年救命(ming)之恩,思戀凡間(jian)生(sheng)活,兩人相愛結為夫妻(qi)。有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian),他(ta)倆(lia)上(shang)山打獵(lie)、采藥(yao),金絲(si)(si)姑娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)在嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)頂(ding)遇(yu)一(yi)(yi)壞人企圖(tu)把她搶(qiang)走。姑娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)不(bu)(bu)從,向正在山北(bei)麓的(de)(de)(de)夫郎(lang)呼(hu)救,危急之際(ji),那壞人把金絲(si)(si)姑娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)殺死。隨后又用弓箭射倒了奔過來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)金絲(si)(si)姑娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)的(de)(de)(de)丈夫。剎(cha)那間(jian),夫妻(qi)倆(lia)分別變(bian)成伸(shen)臂(bei)郎(lang)和風(feng)(feng)動(dong)石兩塊奇(qi)特的(de)(de)(de)石頭(tou)(tou)。這對化為石頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)恩愛夫妻(qi),一(yi)(yi)在嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)之巔,一(yi)(yi)在山這麓,千萬(wan)年來(lai)(lai),用伸(shen)臂(bei)和點頭(tou)(tou)來(lai)(lai)表(biao)示(shi)著他(ta)倆(lia)忠貞不(bu)(bu)屈地愛情(qing)。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種說法曰:銅鼓(gu)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)下藏龍(long)臥虎般的(de)(de)(de)石頭(tou)(tou),共有(you)(you)3650塊,它們原是一(yi)(yi)只只有(you)(you)生(sheng)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)羊(yang)(yang)。那風(feng)(feng)動(dong)石就是居高臨下的(de)(de)(de)“牧羊(yang)(yang)姑娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)”。一(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian),天(tian)(tian)皇(huang)出巡,看見美麗的(de)(de)(de)牧羊(yang)(yang)景象。十分喜愛,因怕其(qi)消失,便招來(lai)(lai)雷公,降下閃電劈靂將其(qi)化成這幅“永(yong)遠的(de)(de)(de)牧羊(yang)(yang)圖(tu)”。如(ru)今的(de)(de)(de)銅鼓(gu)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)牧草豐盛,羊(yang)(yang)群遍野,恰如(ru)一(yi)(yi)幅活的(de)(de)(de)“牧羊(yang)(yang)圖(tu)”。
汽車
乘坐文(wen)銅線(文(wen)昌汽(qi)車站?水涯崀?龍(long)樓墟(xu))公交車到達龍(long)樓鎮,再換(huan)成(cheng)出(chu)租車或當地風采車即可(ke)到達。
火車
東(dong)環鐵路海(hai)口站(zhan)或(huo)海(hai)口東(dong)站(zhan)坐動車(che)(che)至文昌站(zhan),然后(hou)坐公交車(che)(che)至文昌汽車(che)(che)站(zhan),之后(hou)同上。
地方特產(chan)編輯 特產(chan):有名貴的檀香木、多種藥(yao)材、礦產(chan)、珍(zhen)禽異獸(shou)。嶺上的鷓鴣茶,為野(ye)生茶葉(xie),沖(chong)泡色清可(ke)口,消滯解(jie)勞,能(neng)治(zhi)四(si)時感(gan)冒。近海(hai)盛(sheng)產(chan)龍(long)蝦、鮑魚、海(hai)膽等。
以沙灘、海灣奇石、稀有的海底珊瑚礁(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統為(wei)(wei)主要資源特色(se),以生(sheng)(sheng)態觀(guan)光游(you)覽、休閑度(du)假、時尚運動為(wei)(wei)主導功能的熱(re)帶海濱型(xing)國際生(sheng)(sheng)態旅游(you)觀(guan)光休閑目的地。
銅鼓(gu)嶺(ling)國際(ji)化生態旅(lv)游區的規劃(hua)總(zong)面(mian)積為(wei)86.64平(ping)方公(gong)里。其中陸(lu)地面(mian)積46.64平(ping)方公(gong)里,包括銅鼓(gu)嶺(ling)國家級自然(ran)保護區、寶陵河(he)、淇水(shui)灣、月亮(liang)灣地帶;海域面(mian)積40平(ping)方公(gong)里。建(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地914.7公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其中接(jie)待(dai)設(she)(she)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)地303.4公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),度假設(she)(she)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)地381.0公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),商業設(she)(she)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)地156.7公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),游樂(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地73.6公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。
總(zong)體布局以銅鼓嶺(ling)(ling)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)核心,設(she)置8個功(gong)能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):銅鼓嶺(ling)(ling)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、淇水(shui)灣(wan)濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)度假(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、月(yue)亮灣(wan)濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)度假(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、云梯創(chuang)意(yi)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、寶陵河公共中心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、龍(long)樓旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)風情(qing)小(xiao)鎮區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、外(wai)圍(wei)生(sheng)態(tai)農莊(zhuang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。 銅鼓嶺(ling)(ling)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):總(zong)面積為(wei)(wei)30平方(fang)公里(li),核心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)8.3平方(fang)公里(li),是非常珍貴的生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資源(yuan)。 淇水(shui)灣(wan)濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)度假(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃建設(she)初期主(zhu)要(yao)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)接待和服務(wu)基地。擁有整個銅鼓嶺(ling)(ling)國(guo)際化生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)50%左(zuo)右的海(hai)(hai)岸(an)線(xian),主(zhu)要(yao)功(gong)能有休閑度假(jia)、休閑運(yun)動(dong)、旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)社區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、海(hai)(hai)底探險等。 月(yue)亮灣(wan)濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)度假(jia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃建設(she)酒店、濱(bin)海(hai)(hai)度假(jia)、旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)服務(wu)設(she)施等項目(mu)。 云梯創(chuang)意(yi)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃以商務(wu)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、休閑居(ju)住、科學(xue)研討、創(chuang)新創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)產業為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),吸引國(guo)內外(wai)創(chuang)意(yi)設(she)計公司、創(chuang)意(yi)團(tuan)體、創(chuang)意(yi)工作(zuo)(zuo)室到(dao)這里(li)來開展(zhan)創(chuang)新創(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)、居(ju)住休閑、舉辦(ban)文化活動(dong)等。 寶陵河公共中心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃成為(wei)(wei)避(bi)風條件好的天然良港(gang),作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)艇港(gang)和水(shui)上運(yun)動(dong)基地。 龍(long)樓旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)風情(qing)小(xiao)鎮區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃建成具有地方(fang)特色的風情(qing)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)鎮,成為(wei)(wei)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建設(she)初期的服務(wu)基地。 沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃建設(she)海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)浴場、小(xiao)木屋、觀海(hai)(hai)木棧橋、沙(sha)灘運(yun)動(dong)場等設(she)施。 外(wai)圍(wei)生(sheng)態(tai)農莊(zhuang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃保(bao)護(hu)周(zhou)圍(wei)生(sheng)態(tai)公益(yi)林地、水(shui)系、農田等自(zi)然環境資源(yuan)。
銅(tong)鼓嶺一直被東郊椰林(lin)的(de)(de)“美麗”光環(huan)掩蓋著,同在文昌境(jing)內,也(ye)許是(shi)路途(tu)的(de)(de)不(bu)便(bian),也(ye)許是(shi)她真的(de)(de)身在閨閣,但這(zhe)反而(er)減少(shao)了(le)人為的(de)(de)侵(qin)擾和污染。去過的(de)(de)人一定不(bu)會忘(wang)記那里風(feng)情(qing)萬種的(de)(de)山、海、灣、林(lin)、石!
據記載:“東漢伏波(bo)將軍馬援(yuan)率部(bu)征交趾(現越南)在此扎營,班師(shi)回朝時遺銅(tong)鼓,后人掘得,故名銅(tong)鼓嶺(ling)”。似乎2000年(nian)前軍隊的(de)(de)號角聲(sheng)、銅(tong)鼓聲(sheng)、鐵蹄(ti)聲(sheng),還在今人的(de)(de)耳(er)畔回響著(zhu)……
銅鼓嶺(ling)人稱“番薯嶺(ling)”,地處文昌市龍樓鎮(zhen),共(gong)有18座高(gao)低起伏的山峰(feng)(feng),最高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)(hai)拔為338米,有瓊(qiong)東第一峰(feng)(feng)之(zhi)稱,也是(shi)海(hai)(hai)南的最東角(jiao)。2003年初(chu),銅鼓嶺(ling)被批準為國家級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護區,總面積(ji)為4400公頃,保(bao)護這里獨特(te)的熱(re)帶低山常(chang)綠(lv)季雨(yu)矮林生態系統及其(qi)野(ye)生保(bao)護動物(wu)(wu)、地貌(mao)景觀(即海(hai)(hai)蝕地貌(mao))、珊瑚礁及其(qi)海(hai)(hai)底生物(wu)(wu)。銅鼓嶺(ling)區域(yu)三面環海(hai)(hai),地貌(mao)奇(qi)特(te),植被繁茂(mao),不僅景觀奇(qi)秀,而且自(zi)然資源(yuan)豐富,有名貴的珍禽異獸(shou)、多種藥材、檀香木以及大面積(ji)的青皮林。
銅鼓嘴山道(dao)邊樹上常(chang)有一種紅澄澄的果(guo)子,格(ge)外誘人,但是有毒(du);銅鼓嘴山頂十分險(xian)峻危(wei)險(xian),千萬要注意腳底光滑的草地,不(bu)要接近懸崖。 云(yun)龍(long)灣海灘(tan)如今已無潛(qian)水公司駐扎,單獨潛(qian)水和游泳要注意那座露出(chu)海面的礁(jiao)石周圍(wei)的海底水草纏身(shen)、水流(liu)方向和海浪沖擊,安全第一。銅鼓嶺幾(ji)乎沒有螞蟥侵(qin)擾。
大澳灣海邊的(de)(de)草(cao)坡是絕(jue)佳(jia)的(de)(de)露(lu)營(ying)地,沙灘草(cao)叢(cong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)泉水(shui)是可以飲用和沖浴的(de)(de)淡(dan)水(shui);銅鼓嘴山(shan)頂的(de)(de)草(cao)坡萬不可搭帳篷露(lu)營(ying),夜里如(ru)果突遇大風十(shi)分危(wei)險(xian)。
天氣晴朗少(shao)云的日子看(kan)海效(xiao)果(guo)非(fei)常(chang)好。通常(chang)冬季如果(guo)刮(gua)北風(feng),空(kong)中霧氣就大,能見度和(he)大海的色彩就不(bu)是很(hen)理想(xiang)(xiang);如果(guo)刮(gua)南風(feng),不(bu)僅浪(lang)花好看(kan),大海也(ye)多(duo)姿。所以,想(xiang)(xiang)專業(ye)攝影(ying)的話一(yi)定要(yao)咨詢(xun)天氣狀(zhuang)況。
銅鼓嘴是(shi)海南島最東角,是(shi)欣賞海南島第一輪日(ri)出(chu)的最好觀(guan)測(ce)點。日(ri)出(chu)時間大約在(zai)早上06:00左右,冬(dong)天會晚些。
銅鼓嶺(ling)各處(chu)一般(ban)都有手機信號,但有的(de)地方信號微(wei)弱。