銅(tong)鼓嶺國(guo)際(ji)生態旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu)位于(yu)海(hai)南省文昌(chang)市東(dong)部濱海(hai)地區(qu)龍樓鎮,屬(shu)海(hai)南島最東(dong)部,東(dong)南兩面(mian)均臨南海(hai),西至衛星發射基地,北靠鋪前旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu),規(gui)劃總面(mian)積約86平(ping)方公里,海(hai)岸線長約30公里,包(bao)括銅(tong)鼓嶺國(guo)家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(含石頭公園、淇水灣近岸)、月亮(liang)灣、寶陵河等。旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu)具有我國(guo)稀有的(de)熱帶季雨矮林、珊瑚礁、紅樹林等熱帶自然(ran)景觀(guan)。旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu)規(gui)劃陸地面(mian)積為(wei)46平(ping)方公里,該區(qu)域(yu)將與文昌(chang)航天城交相輝映(ying),形成國(guo)內著名的(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)休閑(xian)(xian)、觀(guan)光度假以及(ji)科普教育基地。按照(zhao)規(gui)劃旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu)將打造成為(wei)集旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)、休閑(xian)(xian)、度假為(wei)一體的(de)國(guo)際(ji)知名、國(guo)內一流(liu)的(de)生態濱海(hai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)區(qu)。該項目已(yi)列(lie)為(wei)海(hai)南省“十一五(wu)”規(gui)劃重點(dian)項目。
區內分為(wei)銅鼓嶺國家自(zi)然保(bao)護區、淇(qi)水灣濱海(hai)度假(jia)區、月(yue)亮灣濱海(hai)度假(jia)區、寶陵(ling)河公共中(zhong)心區、龍(long)樓(lou)旅游風情小(xiao)鎮(zhen)區、沿海(hai)生態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護區、外圍生態(tai)(tai)控制區八大組團,集(ji)中(zhong)了(le)文化(hua)體(ti)育(yu)運動(dong)公園(yuan)、五星級酒店、游艇俱樂部、高(gao)檔(dang)住宅、生態(tai)(tai)公園(yuan)、濱海(hai)浴場(chang)、石頭公園(yuan)、景觀大道以及中(zhong)國最長(chang)的濱海(hai)景觀步行走(zou)廊(lang)等項目。據悉,該項目由魯能集(ji)團、華隆集(ji)團做整體(ti)規劃。
銅鼓嶺(ling)(ling)是海(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)一(yi)(yi)大(da)名山,素有(you)"瓊東第一(yi)(yi)峰(feng)"之(zhi)稱,主峰(feng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔338米(mi),伴有(you)18座大(da)小不同的(de)山峰(feng),群峰(feng)競秀,層巒疊翠,風光(guang)旖旎。嶺(ling)(ling)上(shang)植被生長(chang)繁茂,種類(lei)眾多(duo)(duo),獸(shou)類(lei)有(you)20多(duo)(duo)種,鳥(niao)類(lei)有(you)60多(duo)(duo)種,形成了(le)一(yi)(yi)座天(tian)然的(de)生態(tai)植物園(yuan)、百(bai)草園(yuan)和野生動(dong)物園(yuan)。還有(you)奇(qi)巖異石,千姿(zi)百(bai)態(tai),形成了(le)一(yi)(yi)座幽邃(sui)迷人的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)濱石景公(gong)園(yuan)。嶺(ling)(ling)下海(hai)(hai)(hai)域廣闊,擁有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)水產(chan)資源,魚類(lei)有(you)800多(duo)(duo)種,貝類(lei)20多(duo)(duo)種,距(ju)(ju)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)四、五十米(mi)的(de)淺海(hai)(hai)(hai)帶(dai)上(shang)長(chang)著五光(guang)十色的(de)珊瑚礁,光(guang)怪陸(lu)離的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)底(di)世界,形成了(le)一(yi)(yi)座天(tian)然的(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)底(di)自然公(gong)園(yuan)。銅鼓嶺(ling)(ling)月(yue)亮灣、淇(qi)水灣、云龍灣的(de)沙灘(tan)如銀、海(hai)(hai)(hai)水湛藍、波平(ping)浪靜、沒有(you)污(wu)染,是理(li)想的(de)天(tian)然海(hai)(hai)(hai)水泳場(chang)。嶺(ling)(ling)上(shang)頂峰(feng)可觀(guan)日出(chu),可看云海(hai)(hai)(hai)看晚(wan)霞。距(ju)(ju)銅鼓嶺(ling)(ling)17海(hai)(hai)(hai)里(li)的(de)蓬萊(lai)仙境般的(de)七洲列島,時隱時現,蔚(yu)為奇(qi)觀(guan)。
銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)嶺(ling)素有“瓊東第一(yi)峰”的美(mei)稱,“銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)鳴韶”為(wei)文昌(chang)老八景之一(yi)。據傳(chuan)東漢馬伏(fu)波將軍率(lv)部交趾在(zai)此扎營,班(ban)師(shi)回朝時遺銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu),后(hou)人掘得,故名銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)嶺(ling),迄(qi)今已(yi)有二千多年(nian)歷史了(le)。1983年(nian)6月經文昌(chang)縣(現文昌(chang)市)政府(fu)批(pi)準其(qi)為(wei)縣級自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。1988年(nian),海南建省(sheng)辦特區(qu)(qu)后(hou),海南省(sheng)人民政府(fu)將銅(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)嶺(ling)自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)列為(wei)省(sheng)級重點自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。2003年(nian)1月23日(ri),國務院辦公廳(ting)批(pi)準為(wei)國家級自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)位于南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)濱的瓊東北沖積—海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)相堆積階地(di)平(ping)原(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)上,因(yin)(yin)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)嶺(ling)地(di)形和水熱氣(qi)候因(yin)(yin)素等(deng)生(sheng)態條件的差異。1987年(nian)(nian)開(kai)展的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)綜合(he)(he)考察,發現植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)908種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)162科(ke)(ke)587屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。有(you)(you)蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16科(ke)(ke)26屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被(bei)(bei)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)154科(ke)(ke)559屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)874種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)有(you)(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)珍稀瀕(bin)危植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu):蕉(jiao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、土(tu)沉香、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)大風子(zi)(zi)、粘(zhan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、野生(sheng)荔(li)枝(zhi)、龍(long)(long)眼、白(bai)桂(gui)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、苦梓、小(xiao)(xiao)花龍(long)(long)血(xue)樹(shu)等(deng),此(ci)外(wai),還有(you)(you)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)特有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)蘇鐵、瓊刺(ci)欖(lan)、草(cao)豆蔻、林(lin)仔(zi)(zi)竹(山(shan)竹仔(zi)(zi)),3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)新分種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):沙漠馬齒莧、水蕪花、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)青牛膽(dan)。動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)獸類(lei)(lei)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)(lei)20余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及爬行類(lei)(lei)、兩棲類(lei)(lei)、昆蟲等(deng)。在(zai)這些動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong),蟒蛇屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于國(guo)(guo)家(jia)一級保(bao)護野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),獼猴、穿山(shan)甲、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)兔、褐翅鴉鵑、原(yuan)雞、貓頭鷹、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)龜等(deng)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于國(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級保(bao)護野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。2004年(nian)(nian),開(kai)展銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源核查(cha),發現銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)984種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)168科(ke)(ke),629屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。其中(zhong)蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)41種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)20科(ke)(ke),31屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2科(ke)(ke),2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu);被(bei)(bei)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)941種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)146科(ke)(ke),596屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),在(zai)被(bei)(bei)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong),雙子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)799種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)119科(ke)(ke),502屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),單子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)142種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)27科(ke)(ke),94屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。在(zai)984種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)特有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)蘇鐵、茶槁(gao)楠(nan)、古(gu)山(shan)龍(long)(long)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)青牛膽(dan)、瓊刺(ci)欖(lan)、草(cao)豆蔻、林(lin)仔(zi)(zi)竹(山(shan)竹仔(zi)(zi))等(deng)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)特有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的5.7%左右;瀕(bin)危植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)和保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei):金毛(mao)狗、蕉(jiao)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、白(bai)木(mu)(mu)(mu)香、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)蘇鐵、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)大風子(zi)(zi)、紅花天料木(mu)(mu)(mu)(母生(sheng))、白(bai)桂(gui)木(mu)(mu)(mu)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)石梓、野生(sheng)荔(li)枝(zhi)、野生(sheng)龍(long)(long)眼、毛(mao)茶、粘(zhan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)嶺(ling)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)經過二十多年(nian)(nian)的有(you)(you)效保(bao)護,比1987年(nian)(nian)多記(ji)錄了69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。森林(lin)面積得到擴(kuo)大,原(yuan)先的灌木(mu)(mu)(mu)林(lin)已經演替成(cheng)次生(sheng)林(lin),竹林(lin)面積在(zai)變(bian)小(xiao)(xiao),森林(lin)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)增加(jia),生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性在(zai)增加(jia);熱帶低地(di)季雨林(lin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群與(yu)樹(shu)高(gao)結構更加(jia)合(he)(he)理,生(sheng)態系統(tong)日趨成(cheng)熟與(yu)穩定。
保(bao)護區范(fan)圍內珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)礁資(zi)源(yuan)尤為(wei)豐富(fu),保(bao)護區的(de)(de)淺海珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)礁為(wei)典型的(de)(de)岸礁類(lei)(lei)型,主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)造(zao)礁石珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)、珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)藻、軟體動物及其(qi)它(ta)造(zao)礁生物,種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)100多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中優勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)各種(zhong)(zhong)鹿角(jiao)珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)。珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)的(de)(de)豐富(fu)度為(wei)2-3級。非(fei)造(zao)礁珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)、軟珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu),魚類(lei)(lei)、藻類(lei)(lei)、其(qi)它(ta)與珊(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)礁有(you)關的(de)(de)底棲生物的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)也較豐富(fu)。重要(yao)水產資(zi)源(yuan)還(huan)包(bao)括鮑魚、麒(qi)麟菜(cai)等。其(qi)北部出露有(you)王五——文教(jiao)深大(da)斷裂構(gou)造(zao)遺跡(ji),同(tong)時受新構(gou)造(zao)運動地(di)殼間歇(xie)性上升作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)(de)影響(xiang),巖漿巖節理發育,經(jing)風化和海蝕(shi)(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)用,形成(cheng)海蝕(shi)(shi)崖、海蝕(shi)(shi)穴、海蝕(shi)(shi)龕、海蝕(shi)(shi)柱、海蝕(shi)(shi)槽、海蝕(shi)(shi)磨菇、海蝕(shi)(shi)平(ping)臺等海蝕(shi)(shi)地(di)貌。這些地(di)質地(di)貌資(zi)源(yuan),在(zai)國內實(shi)屬罕見,是地(di)質科研和教(jiao)學(xue)的(de)(de)活教(jiao)材。
通(tong)常所說銅鼓嶺指的(de)是338米的(de)主峰(feng)。據調查外,保護區內生活著10種(zhong)獸類、20多(duo)種(zhong)禽類、6種(zhong)蛇(she)類以(yi)及各(ge)種(zhong)昆蟲類和(he)兩棲動物(wu),其中(zhong)有獼猴(hou)、穿山(shan)(shan)(shan)甲、海南兔、褐翅鴉鵑、原雞(ji)、貓頭鷹、蟒(mang)蛇(she)和(he)海龜等8種(zhong)珍(zhen)稀、國家瀕危保護動物(wu);植物(wu)至少在908種(zhong)以(yi)上,分別隸屬(shu)于(yu)162科(ke)587屬(shu)。上山(shan)(shan)(shan)可以(yi)沿著盤山(shan)(shan)(shan)公路(lu)開車或步(bu)行;如(ru)果在半(ban)山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰雨林棧(zhan)道(dao)入口處鉆(zhan)進新修的(de)登山(shan)(shan)(shan)古道(dao)拾級而上,可以(yi)真正(zheng)領略到許多(duo)珍(zhen)稀植物(wu)及根(gen)抱石等各(ge)種(zhong)熱(re)帶雨林自然景觀,一路(lu)上擷趣一定(ding)不少。
山頂一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分是(shi)雷(lei)達部(bu)隊(dui)的(de)營地,北端是(shi)觀景臺(旁邊有一(yi)(yi)個風吹能(neng)動、搖而不倒的(de)"風動石")。登高遠眺,月亮(liang)灣海(hai)浪(lang)翻涌千層,海(hai)天一(yi)(yi)色空(kong)朦,漁帆游(you)弋群鷗翱翔,遠眺七洲列島如彩珠灑落海(hai)中……
沿著自西向(xiang)東的(de)(de)寶(bao)陵河,繞過那些就(jiu)象長在美(mei)人臉上的(de)(de)疤痕一(yi)樣的(de)(de)無(wu)數蝦(xia)螗(tang),到了出海(hai)(hai)(hai)口就(jiu)是月(yue)亮(liang)灣。從(cong)旁(pang)邊(bian)的(de)(de)山頭上俯瞰月(yue)亮(liang)灣,25公(gong)里長蜿蜒(yan)曲折的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線,如同一(yi)鉤(gou)明亮(liang)的(de)(de)彎月(yue);南海(hai)(hai)(hai)層層疊(die)疊(die)的(de)(de)滔滔白浪又(you)如一(yi)條條銀白色的(de)(de)緞(duan)帶,漣漪(yi)萬千;海(hai)(hai)(hai)中(zhong)一(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)小島、礁石(shi)好(hao)似(si)中(zhong)流砥柱迎接著海(hai)(hai)(hai)浪的(de)(de)拍(pai)擊(ji)。
銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)嶺與銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)角(jiao)之間有許多海灣(wan),其中位于銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)角(jiao)山(shan)下(xia)大澳港的(de)大澳灣(wan)特別美麗。從銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)嶺主峰下(xia)山(shan)向(xiang)南走,在到達南端的(de)石頭公園之前,大澳灣(wan)是必經(jing)之地(di)。大澳灣(wan)兩端是蔥郁的(de)山(shan)峰,中部是只有1千米(mi)多的(de)白色的(de)沙(sha)(sha)灘(tan),"U"型海灣(wan)中海浪也(ye)如月亮灣(wan)一樣浪如花涌(yong)。海水非(fei)(fei)常純凈,沙(sha)(sha)灘(tan)非(fei)(fei)常細膩,用腳后跟蹭著(zhu)沙(sha)(sha)子(zi)可以聽到“吱吱”的(de)響聲(sheng)。
大澳灣(wan)入(ru)口處有一(yi)戶(hu)殷實人家,一(yi)個大院子,放養著一(yi)群羊、幾(ji)頭牛,時常在(zai)大海(hai)中釣魚、網魚自給自足(zu),自駕車可以在(zai)此停(ting)車過夜;海(hai)灣(wan)中也有一(yi)位(wei)老者居住在(zai)臨時的草屋(wu)中,可以給偶爾來此的背(bei)包(bao)族提供些(xie)服務,草屋(wu)旁有一(yi)洼泉水,可以引用(yong)和沖浴。
石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)公園位(wei)于云龍灣和銅(tong)鼓嘴之間的(de)銅(tong)鼓角(jiao)山下。這些石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)其實(shi)在(zai)海(hai)(hai)南(nan)島很多地方都(dou)有(you),但是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)依附于銅(tong)鼓嶺,更因(yin)為(wei)這些石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)是(shi)地球(qiu)深(shen)(shen)部玄武巖漿沿斷裂帶上升(sheng)噴溢地表而(er)形成的(de)玄武巖,石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)公園的(de)石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)就不平常了。海(hai)(hai)灘上的(de)大(da)小石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)(tou)早(zao)被(bei)海(hai)(hai)浪和風(feng)雨侵蝕得如鬼斧神(shen)工般形態(tai)各異,顏色不一;坐在(zai)礁石(shi)(shi)上,看著(zhu)海(hai)(hai)水撲打巨石(shi)(shi)掀起的(de)陣陣巨浪,聽著(zhu)那(nei)隆(long)隆(long)的(de)巨響,你會(hui)深(shen)(shen)深(shen)(shen)體會(hui)到大(da)自然的(de)威(wei)力與魅(mei)力。
也許海(hai)南島最(zui)具(ju)有震(zhen)撼力的(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)邊景觀就是(shi)銅(tong)鼓(gu)嘴了。在(zai)石頭(tou)公園入口(kou)外附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)荒坡上仔細尋(xun)覓被(bei)茂盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜草覆蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)石階(jie)小路(lu)(lu),行走500米,就看到山頂被(bei)遺棄的(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事地堡(bao)和緊鎖(suo)大(da)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)塔。站在(zai)燈(deng)塔下,面(mian)向大(da)海(hai)方(fang)位左手方(fang)向,密林(lin)中有一條隱(yin)隱(yin)約約的(de)(de)(de)(de)小徑,貓(mao)腰鉆進,竟(jing)豁然(ran)開朗,原來是(shi)一條800米長由高大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野波蘿和不知名的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)帶灌(guan)木、騰類編織成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遮天蔽日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠蔭(yin)小路(lu)(lu)。路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)盡頭(tou)便是(shi)廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)懸崖(ya),懸崖(ya)下面(mian)便是(shi)無際的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)海(hai),這就是(shi)銅(tong)鼓(gu)嘴山頂。
銅鼓嘴山頂(ding)是面(mian)積達十幾畝的(de)(de)(de)起伏不平的(de)(de)(de)草坡,草坡上(shang)長(chang)滿一叢(cong)叢(cong)低矮的(de)(de)(de)野波蘿樹和狐尾椰,草坡面(mian)向東(dong)南滑向懸崖,讓人不敢靠前。面(mian)對浩(hao)淼的(de)(de)(de)大海,迎著肆虐的(de)(de)(de)海風,看著凹凸猙獰直墜200米深淵的(de)(de)(de)懸崖峭(qiao)壁(bi),人只能匍匐向前。剎那(nei)間,你的(de)(de)(de)勇氣蕩然無(wu)存,你的(de)(de)(de)人格變得如此卑微,你的(de)(de)(de)煩惱(nao)和疲憊(bei)也都消(xiao)逝在這(zhe)無(wu)盡的(de)(de)(de)山海間。
云龍灣(wan)的(de)(de)奇異(yi)不(bu)在海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)而在海(hai)(hai)(hai)底。幾千米長的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)灣(wan)下(xia)面竟然(ran)分布(bu)著(zhu)100多(duo)種保護完好的(de)(de)珊瑚(hu)(hu)資源(yuan),以(yi)及依賴珊瑚(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)棲息的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)草(cao)和400多(duo)種珊瑚(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)魚類。值得(de)一(yi)(yi)提的(de)(de)是,這里岸邊清(qing)澈的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水下(xia)面生(sheng)長著(zhu)許多(duo)令(ling)平常人恐怖但并沒有(you)(you)(you)任何危險(xian)的(de)(de)蜂(feng)窩(wo)珊瑚(hu)(hu),巨(ju)大(da)的(de)(de)膠質狀蜂(feng)窩(wo)珊瑚(hu)(hu)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)面積(ji)甚至達一(yi)(yi)、二十平方米,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)象鍋蓋,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)象牛糞,布(bu)滿海(hai)(hai)(hai)底礁(jiao)巖;海(hai)(hai)(hai)底緩坡(po)和巨(ju)石崖壁上(shang)生(sheng)長著(zhu)搖曳漂浮的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)草(cao),海(hai)(hai)(hai)草(cao)叢上(shang)是四處游弋的(de)(de)寶貝、螃蟹和五彩繽紛(fen)的(de)(de)小魚。
民間(jian)傳(chuan)說(shuo)編輯 有(you)(you)傳(chuan)說(shuo)曰(yue):“風動石(shi)”是一(yi)(yi)位(wei)叫金(jin)絲姑(gu)娘(niang)(niang)的(de)(de)仙女(nv)的(de)(de)化身。在很久很久以前,天(tian)上玉皇(huang)(huang)患(huan)重(zhong)病,皇(huang)(huang)娘(niang)(niang)夜夢銅(tong)鼓嶺(ling)(ling)有(you)(you)草藥(yao)可治,便派(pai)仙女(nv)金(jin)絲姑(gu)娘(niang)(niang)到該嶺(ling)(ling)尋采(cai)(cai)。因遇上獼猴;受驚跌落山澗,被當(dang)地一(yi)(yi)青(qing)年(nian)(nian)獵手搭救(jiu)。金(jin)絲姑(gu)娘(niang)(niang)為了報答那(nei)位(wei)青(qing)年(nian)(nian)救(jiu)命之恩(en),思(si)戀凡間(jian)生活,兩(liang)人(ren)相愛結(jie)為夫(fu)妻(qi)。有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)天(tian),他倆(lia)上山打獵、采(cai)(cai)藥(yao),金(jin)絲姑(gu)娘(niang)(niang)在嶺(ling)(ling)頂遇一(yi)(yi)壞(huai)人(ren)企(qi)圖把她搶(qiang)走。姑(gu)娘(niang)(niang)不從,向(xiang)正在山北(bei)麓的(de)(de)夫(fu)郎(lang)呼救(jiu),危(wei)急之際(ji),那(nei)壞(huai)人(ren)把金(jin)絲姑(gu)娘(niang)(niang)殺死。隨后又用弓箭(jian)射倒了奔過來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)金(jin)絲姑(gu)娘(niang)(niang)的(de)(de)丈夫(fu)。剎那(nei)間(jian),夫(fu)妻(qi)倆(lia)分(fen)(fen)別變成(cheng)伸臂(bei)郎(lang)和風動石(shi)兩(liang)塊(kuai)奇(qi)特的(de)(de)石(shi)頭(tou)(tou)。這(zhe)對化為石(shi)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)恩(en)愛夫(fu)妻(qi),一(yi)(yi)在嶺(ling)(ling)之巔,一(yi)(yi)在山這(zhe)麓,千萬年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai),用伸臂(bei)和點頭(tou)(tou)來(lai)(lai)表示著他倆(lia)忠貞(zhen)不屈(qu)地愛情。另一(yi)(yi)種說(shuo)法(fa)曰(yue):銅(tong)鼓嶺(ling)(ling)下藏(zang)龍臥虎般的(de)(de)石(shi)頭(tou)(tou),共有(you)(you)3650塊(kuai),它(ta)們(men)原是一(yi)(yi)只只有(you)(you)生命的(de)(de)羊(yang)。那(nei)風動石(shi)就是居高臨下的(de)(de)“牧(mu)羊(yang)姑(gu)娘(niang)(niang)”。一(yi)(yi)天(tian),天(tian)皇(huang)(huang)出巡(xun),看(kan)見(jian)美麗的(de)(de)牧(mu)羊(yang)景象。十分(fen)(fen)喜(xi)愛,因怕其(qi)消失,便招(zhao)來(lai)(lai)雷公,降下閃電劈靂將其(qi)化成(cheng)這(zhe)幅(fu)“永遠的(de)(de)牧(mu)羊(yang)圖”。如(ru)今(jin)的(de)(de)銅(tong)鼓嶺(ling)(ling)牧(mu)草豐(feng)盛,羊(yang)群遍野(ye),恰(qia)如(ru)一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)活的(de)(de)“牧(mu)羊(yang)圖”。
汽車
乘坐文銅(tong)線(文昌汽車(che)站?水涯崀?龍樓(lou)墟)公交車(che)到(dao)達(da)龍樓(lou)鎮(zhen),再(zai)換(huan)成(cheng)出租車(che)或當地(di)風(feng)采車(che)即可(ke)到(dao)達(da)。
火車
東(dong)(dong)環(huan)鐵路海(hai)口(kou)站(zhan)(zhan)或海(hai)口(kou)東(dong)(dong)站(zhan)(zhan)坐動車(che)至文昌站(zhan)(zhan),然(ran)后坐公交車(che)至文昌汽(qi)車(che)站(zhan)(zhan),之后同上。
地方特產(chan)(chan)編輯 特產(chan)(chan):有名貴(gui)的檀香木(mu)、多種藥材、礦產(chan)(chan)、珍禽異獸。嶺上(shang)的鷓鴣(gu)茶,為野生茶葉(xie),沖泡色清(qing)可口,消(xiao)滯解勞,能治(zhi)四時感冒。近海(hai)盛產(chan)(chan)龍蝦、鮑魚、海(hai)膽等。
以沙灘、海灣(wan)奇石(shi)、稀(xi)有的(de)海底珊瑚礁生(sheng)態系統為(wei)主要資(zi)源特色,以生(sheng)態觀光(guang)游覽(lan)、休(xiu)閑度假、時尚運動為(wei)主導功(gong)能的(de)熱帶(dai)海濱型國際生(sheng)態旅游觀光(guang)休(xiu)閑目的(de)地。
銅鼓嶺國(guo)(guo)際(ji)化生(sheng)態(tai)旅游(you)(you)區(qu)的規劃(hua)總面(mian)積為86.64平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。其中(zhong)陸地面(mian)積46.64平方公(gong)(gong)里(li),包括銅鼓嶺國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)、寶陵(ling)河、淇水灣、月亮(liang)灣地帶(dai);海域面(mian)積40平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。建設(she)用(yong)地914.7公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其中(zhong)接待設(she)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)地303.4公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),度假(jia)設(she)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)地381.0公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),商業(ye)設(she)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)地156.7公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),游(you)(you)樂用(yong)地73.6公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。
總體布局以銅鼓嶺國(guo)家自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)核(he)心,設(she)置(zhi)8個功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):銅鼓嶺國(guo)家自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、淇水(shui)(shui)灣濱海(hai)(hai)度(du)假區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、月(yue)亮灣濱海(hai)(hai)度(du)假區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、云(yun)梯創(chuang)意(yi)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、寶(bao)陵(ling)河(he)(he)公(gong)共中(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、龍樓旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)風(feng)情小(xiao)鎮區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、沿海(hai)(hai)生態(tai)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、外(wai)圍生態(tai)農(nong)莊區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。 銅鼓嶺國(guo)家自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):總面積為(wei)30平(ping)方公(gong)里(li),核(he)心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)8.3平(ping)方公(gong)里(li),是非常珍貴的(de)(de)生態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)資源。 淇水(shui)(shui)灣濱海(hai)(hai)度(du)假區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)初期主要旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)接(jie)待和(he)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)基地(di)。擁有整個銅鼓嶺國(guo)際(ji)化生態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)50%左(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)岸線,主要功能(neng)有休(xiu)閑(xian)度(du)假、休(xiu)閑(xian)運(yun)動(dong)、旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)社區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、海(hai)(hai)底(di)探(tan)險(xian)等(deng)。 月(yue)亮灣濱海(hai)(hai)度(du)假區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)酒店、濱海(hai)(hai)度(du)假、旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)施等(deng)項目。 云(yun)梯創(chuang)意(yi)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)以商務(wu)(wu)(wu)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)、休(xiu)閑(xian)居住、科(ke)學研討、創(chuang)新創(chuang)作產業為(wei)主,吸(xi)引國(guo)內外(wai)創(chuang)意(yi)設(she)計公(gong)司(si)、創(chuang)意(yi)團(tuan)體、創(chuang)意(yi)工作室到這里(li)來(lai)開展創(chuang)新創(chuang)作、居住休(xiu)閑(xian)、舉辦文化活(huo)動(dong)等(deng)。 寶(bao)陵(ling)河(he)(he)公(gong)共中(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)成為(wei)避風(feng)條件好的(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)良港,作為(wei)游(you)(you)(you)艇港和(he)水(shui)(shui)上運(yun)動(dong)基地(di)。 龍樓旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)風(feng)情小(xiao)鎮區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)建成具有地(di)方特(te)色的(de)(de)風(feng)情旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)鎮,成為(wei)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建設(she)初期的(de)(de)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)基地(di)。 沿海(hai)(hai)生態(tai)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)建設(she)海(hai)(hai)濱浴場(chang)、小(xiao)木屋、觀海(hai)(hai)木棧橋(qiao)、沙(sha)灘運(yun)動(dong)場(chang)等(deng)設(she)施。 外(wai)圍生態(tai)農(nong)莊區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)保護(hu)周(zhou)圍生態(tai)公(gong)益林地(di)、水(shui)(shui)系(xi)、農(nong)田(tian)等(deng)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)環(huan)境(jing)資源。
銅鼓嶺(ling)一(yi)直被東(dong)郊椰林的(de)(de)“美麗”光環掩(yan)蓋著,同在文(wen)昌境(jing)內,也(ye)許(xu)是路途的(de)(de)不(bu)便,也(ye)許(xu)是她真的(de)(de)身(shen)在閨閣,但(dan)這反而(er)減(jian)少(shao)了人為的(de)(de)侵擾和(he)污染(ran)。去過(guo)的(de)(de)人一(yi)定不(bu)會忘記(ji)那里風情萬種的(de)(de)山(shan)、海、灣、林、石!
據(ju)記載:“東(dong)漢伏(fu)波(bo)將軍(jun)馬援率(lv)部征交趾(現(xian)越南)在(zai)此扎(zha)營(ying),班師回朝時(shi)遺銅鼓(gu)(gu),后(hou)人掘得(de),故名銅鼓(gu)(gu)嶺”。似(si)乎2000年前軍(jun)隊(dui)的號角聲、銅鼓(gu)(gu)聲、鐵(tie)蹄聲,還在(zai)今人的耳畔回響著……
銅鼓嶺(ling)人稱(cheng)“番薯嶺(ling)”,地處文昌市龍(long)樓(lou)鎮,共有(you)18座高(gao)低起伏的(de)山峰,最(zui)高(gao)峰海(hai)(hai)拔為338米,有(you)瓊東第(di)一峰之(zhi)稱(cheng),也是海(hai)(hai)南(nan)的(de)最(zui)東角(jiao)。2003年初,銅鼓嶺(ling)被批準為國(guo)家級自然保護區,總面積(ji)為4400公頃,保護這里獨特(te)的(de)熱帶低山常綠季雨矮林(lin)生(sheng)態系統及其野生(sheng)保護動物、地貌景(jing)觀(即海(hai)(hai)蝕地貌)、珊瑚礁及其海(hai)(hai)底生(sheng)物。銅鼓嶺(ling)區域三面環(huan)海(hai)(hai),地貌奇(qi)特(te),植被繁茂,不僅景(jing)觀奇(qi)秀,而且自然資源豐富,有(you)名貴的(de)珍禽(qin)異獸、多種藥材、檀(tan)香木以及大面積(ji)的(de)青皮林(lin)。
銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)嘴(zui)山(shan)道邊樹上常有一種紅澄澄的(de)果(guo)子(zi),格外誘人,但是有毒;銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)嘴(zui)山(shan)頂十分險峻(jun)危(wei)險,千萬(wan)要注(zhu)意(yi)腳底光滑的(de)草(cao)地,不要接近懸崖。 云(yun)龍灣(wan)海(hai)灘如今已(yi)無潛(qian)水公司駐扎,單(dan)獨潛(qian)水和游泳要注(zhu)意(yi)那座露出海(hai)面的(de)礁石周圍的(de)海(hai)底水草(cao)纏身、水流方(fang)向和海(hai)浪沖擊,安(an)全第一。銅(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)嶺幾乎沒(mei)有螞蟥侵擾。
大澳(ao)灣海邊的(de)草坡是絕佳的(de)露營地,沙灘草叢中(zhong)的(de)泉水是可以飲用(yong)和沖浴的(de)淡水;銅鼓嘴山頂的(de)草坡萬不(bu)可搭帳(zhang)篷露營,夜里(li)如果突遇大風十分(fen)危險。
天(tian)氣晴朗少云的(de)日子(zi)看(kan)海效果非(fei)常好。通常冬季(ji)如果刮北(bei)風,空(kong)中霧氣就大(da)(da),能見度和大(da)(da)海的(de)色彩就不(bu)是很理想(xiang);如果刮南風,不(bu)僅浪(lang)花好看(kan),大(da)(da)海也多姿(zi)。所以,想(xiang)專業攝(she)影(ying)的(de)話(hua)一定要咨(zi)詢天(tian)氣狀況。
銅鼓嘴是(shi)海南(nan)島(dao)最東角,是(shi)欣賞海南(nan)島(dao)第一輪(lun)日出的最好觀測點(dian)。日出時間大約在早上06:00左右,冬天(tian)會晚些。
銅鼓嶺各(ge)處一(yi)般都有手機信號(hao)(hao),但有的(de)地方信號(hao)(hao)微弱。