1999年,河北(bei)省(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)批準建立“秦皇島柳江盆地地質遺跡省(sheng)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)”。保(bao)護區(qu)隸屬河北(bei)省(sheng)國土資源廳。
2005年,柳江盆地地質遺跡國家級自然保(bao)護區被批準為(wei)國家級自然保(bao)護區。
河北柳江(jiang)盆地地質遺跡國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)位于(yu)河北省秦皇島(dao)市(shi)撫寧縣境(jing)內,其核心距秦皇島(dao)市(shi)區(qu)15km。?
柳江盆地(di)地(di)質遺跡國家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區
河北柳江盆地地質遺跡國家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)所處大(da)地構
造位(wei)置屬中(zhong)朝準地臺燕(yan)山(shan)臺褶帶中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)次一級(ji)構造單元-山(shan)海關隆起的(de)(de)(de)南緣,以元古(gu)界(jie)、古(gu)生(sheng)界(jie)和中(zhong)生(sheng)界(jie)為主,組成(cheng)向(xiang)斜(xie)構造。其(qi)中(zhong)元古(gu)界(jie)及古(gu)生(sheng)界(jie)環繞盆(pen)(pen)地邊(bian)緣分布(bu),構成(cheng)向(xiang)斜(xie)的(de)(de)(de)兩翼,中(zhong)生(sheng)界(jie)侏羅系分布(bu)于盆(pen)(pen)地中(zhong)部(bu),構成(cheng)向(xiang)斜(xie)的(de)(de)(de)核部(bu)。
盆地(di)基底為(wei)新(xin)太古(gu)界(jie)晚期混合(he)花(hua)崗巖,其上為(wei)新(xin)元古(gu)界(jie)濱(bin)淺海相(xiang)砂巖、泥灰(hui)巖,二者之間(jian)以(yi)呂(lv)梁(liang)運(yun)動(dong)所形成的角度(du)不整合(he)接(jie)觸(chu)。新(xin)元古(gu)界(jie)以(yi)薊縣運(yun)動(dong)所形成的平行不整合(he)面與下古(gu)生界(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)。
柳江盆地(di)呈(cheng)南北向簸箕狀,東、北、西高(gao),南低,區(qu)內海拔高(gao)度為(wei)60—400m,最高(gao)點為(wei)盆地(di)北端的(de)老君頂,海拔493.7m。東部為(wei)石湖山(shan)(shan)、后石湖山(shan)(shan),北部為(wei)梯子嶺,西部為(wei)響山(shan)(shan),盆地(di)中部為(wei)低山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵。
河(he)北(bei)柳江盆地地質遺跡國家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)屬于暖(nuan)(nuan)溫(wen)帶半濕潤大陸性(xing)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣候,春夏(xia)受海洋(yang)東南(nan)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)影(ying)響,冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)除受東北(bei)寒流(liu)影(ying)響外還受海洋(yang)暖(nuan)(nuan)流(liu)調節。氣候總趨勢是(shi)冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)較長偏(pian)暖(nuan)(nuan),夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)涼(liang)爽(shuang),秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)較短,春季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)干旱多風(feng)(feng)。主(zhu)導(dao)風(feng)(feng)向夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)東南(nan)風(feng)(feng),冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)東北(bei)風(feng)(feng),四季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分明,與同緯(wei)度內陸區(qu)相(xiang)比有夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)涼(liang)爽(shuang)適(shi)宜,冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)小(xiao)天(tian)暖(nuan)(nuan)的特(te)點。多年平均氣溫(wen)10.1℃,多年平均降水量744.7mm/a,降水的76%集中在6-8月份(fen)。
河(he)(he)北柳江盆地(di)地(di)質遺跡國家級自然(ran)保護區(qu)內水(shui)系(xi)較為發(fa)育,大(da)石(shi)河(he)(he)流(liu)域和湯(tang)河(he)(he)流(liu)域,由北向南流(liu)經(jing)(jing)本區(qu),并各自注(zhu)入(ru)渤(bo)海。兩河(he)(he)分(fen)水(shui)嶺位于(yu)秋子峪一帶,地(di)表與地(di)下分(fen)水(shui)嶺一致。大(da)石(shi)河(he)(he)是(shi)流(liu)經(jing)(jing)保護區(qu)最大(da)的河(he)(he)流(liu),有許多支流(liu)匯(hui)合而(er)成(cheng),構成(cheng)樹枝狀(zhuang)水(shui)系(xi),展(zhan)布于(yu)柳江盆地(di)地(di)區(qu);湯(tang)河(he)(he)流(liu)域位于(yu)盆地(di)西部(bu),區(qu)內河(he)(he)長(chang)10km,于(yu)南部(bu)雞(ji)冠山口流(liu)出保護區(qu)。?
保護區(qu)地理坐(zuo)標范(fan)圍為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)119°30′00″—119°40′13″,北(bei)緯40°00′30″—40°10′00″,柳江盆地南北(bei)長(chang)20公(gong)(gong)里(li),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)12公(gong)(gong)里(li),面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)1395公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。其中,核心區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)476公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。保護區(qu)共由4個相對獨立的分(fen)區(qu)組成:(1)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)落—潮水(shui)峪—砂鍋店區(qu),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)857公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)張巖子村西(xi)(xi)坡(po)(po)腳,沿280°軸向至東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)落村北(bei)500米(mi)處(chu),南北(bei)寬(kuan)500—900米(mi);再向西(xi)(xi),沿近(jin)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)走向至石嶺(ling)村南500米(mi)處(chu),長(chang)3750米(mi),南北(bei)寬(kuan)750—2000米(mi);隨后軸向轉(zhuan)為(wei)150°,延至砂鍋店村東(dong)(dong)(dong)800米(mi)處(chu),長(chang)約2000米(mi),寬(kuan)770米(mi)。(2)亮(liang)甲(jia)(jia)山(shan)(shan)—歡喜(xi)嶺(ling)—瓦家(jia)山(shan)(shan)區(qu),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)217公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)亮(liang)甲(jia)(jia)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)坡(po)(po)陡崖處(chu),經(jing)歡喜(xi)嶺(ling)村東(dong)(dong)(dong)至瓦家(jia)山(shan)(shan)村西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)梁(liang)上,呈“S”形帶狀分(fen)布(bu),寬(kuan)250—850米(mi)。(3)黑山(shan)(shan)窯(yao)—大(da)洼山(shan)(shan)區(qu),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)155公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)自黑山(shan)(shan)窯(yao)后村西(xi)(xi)邊,沿295°軸向至大(da)洼山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)坡(po)(po),長(chang)約2500米(mi),寬(kuan)600—800米(mi)。(4)雞(ji)冠(guan)山(shan)(shan)區(qu),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)166公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)起(qi)自八嶺(ling)溝村北(bei)西(xi)(xi)350米(mi)處(chu)坡(po)(po)腳,向北(bei)西(xi)(xi)向跨(kua)越湯河(he)河(he)谷至大(da)平(ping)臺(tai)西(xi)(xi)側陡崖。?
河北(bei)柳江盆地(di)(di)地(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡國家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區地(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡資源包括(kuo)(kuo)24個組級(ji)地(di)(di)層單位(wei)、六大地(di)(di)殼不整合面和多種典型(xing)地(di)(di)質(zhi)構造與地(di)(di)貌。主要保護(hu)對象包括(kuo)(kuo):
(1)由呂梁運(yun)動(dong)、薊縣運(yun)動(dong)、加(jia)里東運(yun)動(dong)、海(hai)西(xi)運(yun)動(dong)、印支運(yun)動(dong)和燕山運(yun)動(dong)所形成的六(liu)大不(bu)整合面;
(2)元古(gu)界、古(gu)生界、中(zhong)生界等三(san)套地層;
(3)古(gu)生物(wu)化石組合帶;
(4)巖(yan)漿巖(yan)、變(bian)質巖(yan)、沉積巖(yan)三大巖(yan)類;
(5)不同級別的褶皺、不同性質的斷裂及其他構造形跡;
(6)金屬(shu)、礦(kuang)(kuang)點、非(fei)金屬(shu)礦(kuang)(kuang)化點;
(7)巖溶作用形成的象鼻山、溶洞、天(tian)井(jing)、石芽(ya)、溶溝等;
(8)流水作用形成(cheng)的(de)離堆山、跌水、河流階地等(deng)。?
秦皇島柳(liu)江(jiang)盆地地質遺(yi)跡省級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管理處于(yu)1999年(nian)經(jing)河(he)北省機構編(bian)制委(wei)員會批準設(she)立,為相(xiang)當處級事業單位,編(bian)制15名,下設(she)現(xian)場管理科(ke)、科(ke)研開發科(ke)、辦公室(shi),主要(yao)職(zhi)責包括(kuo):貫徹執行有關自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)建設(she)的(de)法律(lv)法規(gui);開展保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)基礎調查、科(ke)研和學(xue)術交(jiao)流活動;負(fu)責保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)現(xian)場保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、監測(ce)和宣傳工作(zuo)。 [5]
(1)六大(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)整合(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)中(zhong),“加(jia)里東運(yun)動(dong)(dong)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)整合(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、“海西運(yun)動(dong)(dong)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)整合(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、“印支運(yun)動(dong)(dong)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)整合(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)具有(you)大(da)區(qu)域對比(bi)意(yi)義。“呂梁運(yun)動(dong)(dong)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)整合(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、“薊縣運(yun)動(dong)(dong)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)整合(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、“燕山運(yun)動(dong)(dong)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)整合(he)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)具有(you)區(qu)域對比(bi)意(yi)義;
(2)柳江盆地(di)三套地(di)層及(ji)三大巖類分布廣泛(fan),均為自(zi)然(ran)露頭,地(di)層完整,界限清(qing)楚,巖類齊全,化石豐(feng)富,沉積構(gou)造(zao)發育。
(3)第(di)四系洞穴堆積。
(4)現(xian)代海洋(yang)沉積環境與(yu)地質遺(yi)跡的對(dui)比研究。
柳江盆地地質(zhi)遺跡(ji)國家級自然保護區境(jing)內(nei)有京哈、京秦、大(da)秦、秦青(qing)4條(tiao)鐵路。京秦高速公路在境(jing)內(nei)通(tong)過,京沈高速公路穿越(yue)撫寧境(jing)內(nei)35.1公里(li)(茶棚-永寧寨(zhai))、北戴河連接線12.1公里(li)。