保護目標
國(guo)家Ⅰ、Ⅱ類重點保護野(ye)生動物如金(jin)錢豹、斑羚、白肩雕、金(jin)雕、蒼鷹、雀鷹、松雀鷹、普通鵟、紅腳隼、紅隼、紅角鴞(xiao)、領角鴞(xiao)、雕鴞(xiao)、長耳鴞(xiao)、勺雞等,以及一(yi)些野(ye)生瀕危植物種類。
自然資源
動物資源
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)自然環境(jing)比較復(fu)雜,植(zhi)被類(lei)(lei)型豐富,植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)長茂密,為(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存(cun)棲息創造了良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)條件。經(jing)過(guo)初步(bu)調查,該(gai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內有脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)66科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)206種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中獸類(lei)(lei)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)(lei)42科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)146種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩棲類(lei)(lei)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),魚類(lei)(lei)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)現(xian)有的(de)(de)(de)205種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中,列為(wei)國家重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有金(jin)(jin)錢豹(bao)、猞猁、斑羚、豹(bao)貓及(ji)白肩雕(diao)、黑(hei)鶴、金(jin)(jin)雕(diao)、勺雞、鷹、隼、鴉等各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥類(lei)(lei)共計17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。列為(wei)《國家保(bao)護(hu)(hu)有益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)或(huo)者有重要經(jing)濟、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學研(yan)究價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)陸生(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)(de)陸生(sheng)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)111種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。被列入《瀕危野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際公約(yue)》中禁止(zhi)貿易和限制貿易的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。尤其猞猁的(de)(de)(de)發現(xian),為(wei)華北(bei)地區(qu)獸類(lei)(lei)研(yan)究提出了新的(de)(de)(de)課題。
植物資源
海陀山地質歷史久遠,現(xian)代(dai)生態環境復雜多樣,為不同的區域(yu)成(cheng)分起源、遷移和分化提供了外界動力(li)和場所。因而構成(cheng)現(xian)代(dai)植(zhi)物(wu)區系(xi)成(cheng)分的多樣性。該(gai)保護區屬典型的北(bei)溫帶山地森(sen)林生態系(xi)統,在(zai)華北(bei)地區具(ju)有很強(qiang)的代(dai)表性。其(qi)林相(xiang)保存完好,物(wu)種(zhong)繁多,松樺成(cheng)林,植(zhi)被(bei)覆蓋(gai)率達到(dao)80%以(yi)上。有各種(zhong)動植(zhi)物(wu)2000多種(zhong),單(dan)位(wei)面積區系(xi)種(zhong)類比(bi)例高出(chu)全國平均數的27倍以(yi)上。
該區地(di)處暖溫帶(dai)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)地(di)區,受地(di)理位置的(de)影響,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)地(di)帶(dai)性(xing)植被(bei)為暖溫帶(dai)落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)。因地(di)處深山(shan)(shan)區,人煙稀少,故原生植被(bei)的(de)破壞較輕,恢復(fu)也(ye)較快(kuai)。由于(yu)(yu)區內氣候垂(chui)直帶(dai)譜(pu)明顯,所(suo)以(yi)植被(bei)的(de)垂(chui)直帶(dai)譜(pu)也(ye)比較完整,從山(shan)(shan)頂到山(shan)(shan)麓依(yi)次為亞(ya)高山(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)、針葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、針闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)和落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)。亞(ya)高山(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)分布(bu)于(yu)(yu)海(hai)拔(ba)2000米以(yi)上,以(yi)多年生雜草(cao)占主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)分,苔草(cao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、野罌粟(su)、早(zao)熟禾屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、風毛菊(ju)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、馬先蒿屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、銀蓮(lian)(lian)花屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、金蓮(lian)(lian)花、梅花草(cao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)等。針葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)分布(bu)于(yu)(yu)海(hai)拔(ba)l800~2000米地(di)帶(dai);主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)樹(shu)種為華北落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)松(song)。針闊(kuo)混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)分布(bu)于(yu)(yu)海(hai)拔(ba)l500~1800米,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由華北落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)松(song)、白樺(hua)、紅樺(hua)、棘皮樺(hua)構成(cheng)(cheng),還有(you)核桃楸、蒙古(gu)櫟等。落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)分布(bu)于(yu)(yu)海(hai)拔(ba)1000~1500米,在(zai)海(hai)拔(ba)1400~1500米地(di)帶(dai)發育(yu)良好,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)由樺(hua)木、山(shan)(shan)楊構成(cheng)(cheng),常見蒙古(gu)櫟、油(you)松(song)。計有(you)維管(guan)束植物(wu)109科(ke)(ke)424屬(shu)(shu)(shu)911種及(ji)變種。其中(zhong)蕨(jue)類植物(wu)14科(ke)(ke)18屬(shu)(shu)(shu)26種;裸子植物(wu)3科(ke)(ke)4屬(shu)(shu)(shu)10種;被(bei)子植物(wu)92科(ke)(ke)402屬(shu)(shu)(shu)875種。
按其已知(zhi)的經(jing)濟用(yong)途可分為11個(ge)大類:用(yong)材樹(shu)種(zhong)59種(zhong),纖維植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)88種(zhong),油(you)脂(zhi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)83種(zhong)、鞣料(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)48種(zhong),淀(dian)粉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)23種(zhong),芳香油(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)25種(zhong),野菜植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)30種(zhong),野果植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)35種(zhong),有(you)毒植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)93種(zhong),藥用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)381種(zhong),蜜源植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)23種(zhong)。資(zi)源植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)總計有(you)505種(zhong)。
位于海(hai)拔l800米左右的九骨嘴天(tian)然(ran)(ran)華北落葉(xie)松(song)次(ci)生林(lin)是(shi)中國華北落葉(xie)松(song)的發(fa)祥地之一,具有(you)(you)很(hen)高的科研(yan)價值,這(zhe)表明(ming)大(da)海(hai)陀地區(qu)(qu)不但是(shi)野生植(zhi)物(wu)的適宜生存地區(qu)(qu),同時還是(shi)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)的基因(yin)庫。區(qu)(qu)內有(you)(you)軟棗彌猴桃(tao)、黃檗、核桃(tao)楸、刺五加、野大(da)豆5種(zhong)(zhong)國家重(zhong)點保(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu),還有(you)(you)脫皮榆(yu)、紫椴、黨參、二色補血草(cao)、天(tian)南星、柴胡(hu)、毛丁(ding)香(xiang)、五味子、白(bai)頭翁、天(tian)麻等上百種(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)(you)一定保(bao)護價值的植(zhi)物(wu)資源(yuan)。
生態價值
保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)種類(lei)較(jiao)多,具有(you)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)科學研(yan)究(jiu)與(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)價值。大(da)海陀國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)建立對于(yu)研(yan)究(jiu)冀(ji)北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)群落的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)替規律、野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)態(tai)習性和(he)(he)繁(fan)衍生(sheng)息條件(jian)等,提(ti)供了良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)場所。大(da)海陀國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)與(yu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京松山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)連成一體,使瀕危動物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存條件(jian)得到改善,極有(you)利(li)于(yu)豹(bao)、斑羚等國(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存和(he)(he)繁(fan)衍。較(jiao)為完好的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)森林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)也可作(zuo)為冀(ji)北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)植被恢復(fu)和(he)(he)生(sheng)態(tai)建設的(de)(de)(de)示范。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)建立還對改善潮白河流域上游的(de)(de)(de)水源(yuan)涵養功能、保(bao)(bao)(bao)障北(bei)(bei)(bei)京水源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)穩定性具有(you)十分重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。海陀山(shan)(shan)是(shi)京北(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)第一高(gao)(gao)峰,山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)東(dong)西(xi)走向(xiang),大(da)海陀國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)與(yu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京松山(shan)(shan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)連片,共(gong)同(tong)構成北(bei)(bei)(bei)京市防風、阻擋沙塵暴的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)屏(ping)障,是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京生(sheng)態(tai)安全的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要保(bao)(bao)(bao)障。
旅游信息
美食
黃花
野黃花(hua)菜(cai),別名:金針(zhen)菜(cai)、綠蔥根、野皮菜(cai)。植物學特性百(bai)合科(ke)多
年生草本.具(ju)短(duan)(duan)的(de)根狀(zhuang)莖和繩索(suo)狀(zhuang)須根,黃白色.葉基生,線形(xing)(xing)(xing)。花(hua)莛稍短(duan)(duan)于葉或與葉等長,幾(ji)乎不分枝(zhi),頂端具(ju)備1~3朵或單生漏斗狀(zhuang)淡(dan)黃色花(hua),有香(xiang)氣;具(ju)小披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)苞葉;花(hua)被片6枚,淡(dan)黃色,花(hua)被下部圓(yuan)筒狀(zhuang);雄蕊(rui)6枚,向上彎曲。蒴(shuo)果(guo)長圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)三棱(leng),室背(bei)開(kai)裂.種子黑色,具(ju)棱(leng)角。花(hua)、果(guo)期5~9月。
黑木耳
黑木(mu)耳(er),生(sheng)長在朽木(mu)上(shang),形似人的(de)(de)耳(er)朵,色(se)黑或褐黑,故(gu)名黑木(mu)耳(er),又(you)名木(mu)菌(jun)、樹雞。黑木(mu)耳(er)營(ying)養(yang)極為豐富,據史料記載,它是上(shang)古(gu)時代帝王獨享之佳品,含有大量的(de)(de)碳水化合(he)物、蛋(dan)白質(zhi)、鐵、鈣(gai)(gai)、磷、胡(hu)蘿卜素、維生(sheng)素等營(ying)養(yang)物質(zhi),每100克中含鈣(gai)(gai)375毫(hao)克,相當于鯽魚的(de)(de)7倍;含鐵185毫(hao)克,相當于鯽魚的(de)(de)70倍。黑木(mu)耳(er)還有多種藥(yao)(yao)用價值,是一種珍(zhen)貴(gui)的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)材。明(ming)代著(zhu)名醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)學家李時珍(zhen)在《本草綱目》中記載,木(mu)耳(er)性甘平(ping),主治益(yi)氣(qi)不饑等,有補氣(qi)益(yi)智,潤肺(fei)補腦,活(huo)血止血之功效;近代醫(yi)(yi)學者對黑木(mu)耳(er)的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)用價值又(you)有了新的(de)(de)發現。
旅游線路
古跡(ji)游(you)(you)覽游(you)(you)線(xian):金(jin)色葵園——七(qi)寶塔(ta)——舍利塔(ta)——勝海寺——古跡(ji)遺址——祖師塔(ta)——塔(ta)林
休閑養生游線:采摘園(yuan)——戶外拓展——榆(yu)林朝暉——濕地花域——宿營地——徒步(bu)探索徑(jing)——星星谷——登(deng)山康體步(bu)道——群山疊(die)翠(cui)
自然風光(guang)游線(xian):金色(se)葵園(yuan)——濕地花域——榆(yu)林朝暉(hui)——層(ceng)林斷霧——梯田畫(hua)卷——臨坪(ping)遠眺
科普科研游線(xian):田(tian)園生活體(ti)驗——昆(kun)蟲科普漫游徑——漁趣——觀景平臺——植物科普長(chang)廊——森林氧(yang)吧
徒步(bu)(bu)(bu)探(tan)險(xian)游(you)線:金色葵園——徒步(bu)(bu)(bu)探(tan)索徑——攀巖(yan)基地——星(xing)星(xing)谷——登山康(kang)體步(bu)(bu)(bu)道——群山疊(die)翠
紅(hong)色遺址游線:平(ping)北抗日根據地紀念館——科普館——紀念石——點將石——蔡平(ping)洞
購物
紀念石鑰匙扣:刻有聶榮臻元帥題詞的大海陀紀念石(shi)是當(dang)地(di)的標(biao)志性景點。選用(yong)當(dang)地(di)石(shi)材,仿(fang)照紀念石(shi),制作(zuo)成微(wei)觀的鑰匙扣。
明信(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)、光盤:海陀(tuo)(tuo)山的自然風景(jing)(jing)十(shi)分(fen)優美,但五花草甸(dian)、海陀(tuo)(tuo)戴帽等勝景(jing)(jing)都(dou)位于核心區內,旅(lv)(lv)游者只(zhi)能遠(yuan)觀其貌。因此,保護(hu)區取(qu)用(yong)構圖好(hao)風景(jing)(jing)佳的照片(pian)(pian)(pian)連(lian)同大海陀(tuo)(tuo)logo,制作成明信(xin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)或(huo)刻錄光盤,供(gong)旅(lv)(lv)游者寄送給親(qin)朋好(hao)友。
植物書簽:精選大海(hai)陀具有(you)觀賞價(jia)值的植物,制(zhi)作立體(ti)書簽。
植(zhi)(zhi)物手冊:主要針對熱愛植(zhi)(zhi)物的生態旅游者以及科學考察研究(jiu)人員(yuan),選取大(da)海陀(tuo)具有觀賞(shang)價值的植(zhi)(zhi)物及珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)物,制(zhi)作成植(zhi)(zhi)物手冊,以作留念。
剪紙、根(gen)雕(diao):通過(guo)剪紙或根(gen)雕(diao)的形(xing)式(shi)將大(da)海陀的風(feng)情表示(shi)出來,具有(you)民俗特(te)色與景區特(te)色,且便于攜帶。