基本概況
紅(hong)松洼牧(mu)場風(feng)(feng)景區位于圍場縣(xian)西(xi)北部,北鄰內蒙古自治區克什克騰鎮(zhen),是清(qing)代皇家獵苑——木(mu)蘭(lan)圍場的一部分,這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)風(feng)(feng)力資源豐富.建有規(gui)模風(feng)(feng)力發電場一外.這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)還飼養著耗牛,獨具特色.屬(shu)寒(han)溫(wen)帶季風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候,夏季氣(qi)候涼爽,最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)一般(ban)不(bu)超過25°C。紅(hong)松洼面積110萬畝,草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)面積20萬畝,森林覆蓋(gai)率高(gao)達78%,是北方較大的草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)風(feng)(feng)景區.這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)動植(zhi)物種類繁(fan)多,水草(cao)(cao)豐美,是一處新興的旅游勝地。
這里位(wei)于(yu)內蒙(meng)古高原(yuan)與(yu)冀北山地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)匯地(di)帶(dai),地(di)形(xing)結(jie)構和(he)植(zhi)被復(fu)雜。山地(di)高原(yuan)交(jiao)相呼應;丘陵曼(man)甸連(lian)綿起伏;河流湖泊星羅棋(qi)布;森林(lin)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)交(jiao)錯(cuo)相連(lian)。尤其是浩(hao)瀚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)林(lin)海與(yu)大面積天(tian)然草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)渾(hun)然一體,優美壯觀。滿、蒙(meng)、漢三民族(zu)人民聚居(ju)在一起,文化相互交(jiao)融,民族(zu)風(feng)(feng)情濃(nong)厚。可以品嘗滿蒙(meng)風(feng)(feng)味的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食(shi),參與(yu)滿蒙(meng)民族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民俗活動,開(kai)展民族(zu)風(feng)(feng)情旅游。建(jian)立保護區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旨在對紅(hong)松(song)(song)洼草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)自然生態(tai)系統中植(zhi)物(wu)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣(yang)性(xing)、動物(wu)源、多種類型植(zhi)被和(he)“皇家獵(lie)苑(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然景觀進行(xing)(xing)保護,實(shi)行(xing)(xing)合理開(kai)發(fa)與(yu)科學管理;維持(chi)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)生物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺傳多樣(yang)性(xing);保護草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)生態(tai)系統正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)保護紅(hong)松(song)(song)洼草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)生物(wu)群落中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動植(zhi)物(wu)物(wu)種資源,質(zhi)循環和(he)能量流動,保持(chi)生態(tai)平(ping)衡。同(tong)時進行(xing)(xing)基礎性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學研(yan)究。
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)洼草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)地處河北(bei)省(sheng)最北(bei)部蒙古高原(yuan)的(de)東(dong)南緣,是大興安(an)嶺南部余脈與燕(yan)山山脈北(bei)端匯合結節處棗(zao)塞罕壩東(dong)段(duan),屬(shu)于不(bu)同自(zi)然(ran)(ran)地理(li)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)過(guo)渡地帶,草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)具(ju)有(you)(you)不(bu)同自(zi)然(ran)(ran)氣候地帶的(de)典型(xing)代表性(xing)。通過(guo)有(you)(you)關方面的(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)和(he)學者進行實(shi)地考察論(lun)證,認為紅(hong)(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)洼草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)屬(shu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)生態系統(tong)類(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu),具(ju)有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物物種(zhong)的(de)多樣(yang)性(xing)、生境(jing)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)多樣(yang)性(xing)和(he)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)特征的(de)代表性(xing)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內有(you)(you)種(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物595種(zhong),其中(zhong)飼用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物428種(zhong),藥用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物81種(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)野(ye)生藥材(cai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物8種(zhong)(三(san)級(ji)),觀(guan)(guan)賞(shang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物60多種(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)覆蓋率高,野(ye)生動植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物資源豐富,草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物和(he)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)地貌景觀(guan)(guan)壯麗。不(bu)僅具(ju)有(you)(you)很(hen)高的(de)觀(guan)(guan)賞(shang)價值,而且還具(ju)有(you)(you)很(hen)高的(de)經濟價值和(he)科(ke)研價值,是不(bu)可多得的(de)旅游觀(guan)(guan)賞(shang)和(he)科(ke)研教學基地。把紅(hong)(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)洼草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)管理(li)和(he)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)好,使這座天然(ran)(ran)的(de)“植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物園”不(bu)被(bei)破壞,建議(yi)將紅(hong)(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)洼草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)由省(sheng)級(ji)升為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)洼草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)已具(ju)備(bei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)基本(ben)條件,符(fu)合建立國(guo)(guo)家(jia)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)要求。
自然環境
地(di)(di)處蒙古高(gao)(gao)原東南沿,地(di)(di)貌屬高(gao)(gao)原臺地(di)(di),平均(jun)海拔1750米(mi),區(qu)內(nei)有大小(xiao)1個,水域面積8公頃,植(zhi) 被以(yi)(yi)(yi)亞高(gao)(gao)山草(cao)甸為(wei)(wei)主,建(jian)群種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主要為(wei)(wei)莎(sha)草(cao)科,禾本(ben)(ben)(ben)科、豆科、菊科等次之。植(zhi)被覆蓋(gai)率(lv)在90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),為(wei)(wei)華北亞高(gao)(gao)山草(cao)甸保(bao)存最好的(de)區(qu)域之一(yi)。由于本(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)位于東北、華北、內(nei)蒙古三大植(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)(xi)交匯地(di)(di)帶(dai),生物多樣(yang)性比較豐(feng)富,每 平方米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物達25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),區(qu)內(nei)分(fen)布有國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護的(de)藥用(yong)植(zhi)物8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及白鶴、黑(hei)鶴、大鴇、大天(tian)鵝等國(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護野生動物20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),為(wei)(wei)我(wo)國(guo)中溫(wen)型森林草(cao)原地(di)(di)帶(dai)的(de)生物物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基因庫,具有重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)保(bao)護價值和(he)科研價值。另(ling)一(yi)方面,本(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)位于西(xi)遼河(he)和(he)灤河(he)和(he)發源(yuan)地(di)(di),處于農(nong)牧交錯地(di)(di)帶(dai),生態系(xi)(xi)統脆(cui)弱敏感,穩(wen)定度(du)低,容易引起(qi)沙化退化。