保護區概況
黑龍(long)江新青白(bai)(bai)頭鶴國家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區地(di)(di)處(chu)黑龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)東北(bei)(bei)部(bu),小興(xing)安(an)嶺主脈東側北(bei)(bei)坡(po),位于“中國白(bai)(bai)頭鶴之鄉”黑龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)伊春市(shi)豐林縣(局(ju)(ju)(ju))境(jing)內(nei)。保(bao)護(hu)區東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與(yu)嘉蔭縣接(jie)壤,東南部(bu)與(yu)鶴北(bei)(bei)林業(ye)局(ju)(ju)(ju)毗鄰(lin),西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)是湯旺河(he)林業(ye)局(ju)(ju)(ju)施業(ye)區,西(xi)南部(bu)、南部(bu)是新青林業(ye)局(ju)(ju)(ju)施業(ye)區。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標為東經(jing)129°58′29″--130°23′07″,北(bei)(bei)緯48°19′21″--48°40′20″。距離黑龍(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)會哈爾濱470公里,交通便利(li)。保(bao)護(hu)區始建(jian)于2004年(nian),2011年(nian)晉升為國家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區,面積62567公頃,是伊春市(shi)青少年(nian)科普教育(yu)基地(di)(di)。在2009年(nian)被評為省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)先進集體,在2010年(nian)榮獲(huo)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)森(sen)林資源監(jian)督管理(li)先進單位。
保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)位于《全(quan)國林業系(xi)統(tong)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)體系(xi)規劃研究》所列16個中國生物多樣性熱(re)點地區(qu)(qu)之一的(de)吉林長白山地區(qu)(qu)內,處于我國東北泥炭沼澤集中分布區(qu)(qu),擁有小興安嶺山脈(mo)保(bao)存最(zui)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)多種典型濕地組(zu)合(he)(he),被聯合(he)(he)國教科文組(zu)織考察認定(ding)為大(da)面積(ji)群(qun)落清(qing)晰、保(bao)存完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)典型泥碳(tan)沼澤濕地。
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)以保(bao)護(hu)(hu)白頭鶴(he)資(zi)源與(yu)其他珍(zhen)(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)資(zi)源、北溫(wen)帶森林生(sheng)態系統和濕(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態系統及生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性、黑(hei)龍江流域上游的(de)水源涵養地(di)為保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象,是集珍(zhen)(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、濕(shi)地(di)資(zi)源保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、科學研究、宣傳(chuan)教育、生(sheng)態旅游與(yu)森林可持續利用等(deng)多項功能于一(yi)體的(de)“野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)類型”自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。
黑龍江新青白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區以“中國(guo)(guo)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)鄉”響譽國(guo)(guo)內外,有(you)著(zhu)豐(feng)富的(de)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)資(zi)源。區內分布著(zhu)近90只白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)(he),約占全球(qiu)總量的(de)1%。區內共(gong)有(you)生(sheng)物(wu)2,354種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)174科(ke)1,011種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括地(di)衣12科(ke)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)53科(ke)169種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)14科(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)2科(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)93科(ke)706種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)81科(ke)331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中魚類13科(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)棲(qi)類4科(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行類3科(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類46科(ke)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),獸類15科(ke)51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);昆(kun)蟲101科(ke)465種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);土壤(rang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)42科(ke)67種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);真(zhen)菌59科(ke)480種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)紅松(song)、浮葉(xie)慈菇(gu)、紫椴、野大(da)豆、黃(huang)檗(bo)、水曲柳等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)紫貂、原麝、白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)(he)、丹(dan)頂鶴(he)(he)(he)、東方白(bai)鸛(guan)、金(jin)雕6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)駝鹿、黑熊(xiong)、馬鹿、烏林(lin)鸮(xiao)、蒼(cang)鷹、普通鵟(kuang)、花尾(wei)榛(zhen)雞、白(bai)枕鶴(he)(he)(he)等42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),省級(ji)(ji)一(yi)般(ban)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
保護區(qu)(qu)內群(qun)巒起伏、林海蒼(cang)茫,河流交錯,風光(guang)旖旎。春(chun)來山花(hua)似火(huo),盛夏河水(shui)如(ru)藍,金秋(qiu)五(wu)彩繽紛,隆冬(dong)銀裝素裹,鮮明的四(si)季展示出北(bei)國獨(du)(du)具的魅(mei)力。區(qu)(qu)內山青(qing)、水(shui)秀(xiu)、石奇、林幽,特(te)殊的地(di)理位置、地(di)形地(di)貌和森林資源形成了獨(du)(du)特(te)的自然景觀(guan),具有豐(feng)富的生物(wu)多樣性。在(zai)物(wu)種組成、區(qu)(qu)系特(te)征、群(qun)落結(jie)構(gou)或生態(tai)系統水(shui)平上,均反(fan)映(ying)了小(xiao)興(xing)(xing)安嶺特(te)色,是小(xiao)興(xing)(xing)安嶺地(di)區(qu)(qu)的典型(xing)代表(biao)。
幾年來,黑龍江新青(qing)白(bai)頭鶴(he)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)以建(jian)設國家級保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)為目標,堅(jian)持(chi)“生(sheng)(sheng)態優先、合理利用、持(chi)續發展”的(de)原則,積(ji)(ji)極開(kai)展資源保護(hu)(hu)、宣傳教(jiao)育(yu)、科(ke)學研究(jiu)(jiu)、社區(qu)共管等(deng)工作(zuo),使以白(bai)頭鶴(he)為主的(de)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動植物資源和(he)森林(lin)(lin)、濕地生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統得到了有效保護(hu)(hu)。積(ji)(ji)極開(kai)展科(ke)學研究(jiu)(jiu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)國內首(shou)次取得了在(zai)(zai)(zai)非繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)地已經停止(zhi)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)白(bai)頭鶴(he)到繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)地后恢復繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)力(li)和(he)模(mo)擬野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)白(bai)頭鶴(he)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)環境白(bai)頭鶴(he)親鳥孵卵育(yu)雛的(de)科(ke)研成果(guo),這項科(ke)研成果(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2011年北京(jing)林(lin)(lin)業大學召開(kai)的(de)“中國首(shou)屆自然保護(hu)(hu)論壇(tan)”上作(zuo)為參(can)會論文進行交流(liu)。
目(mu)前(qian),保護區(qu)成(cheng)立了(le)管理局—管理站—管理點三級管理機構(gou),制定和(he)完(wan)善了(le)相應的規章制度及保護條例,為保護區(qu)的依(yi)法保護和(he)管理提供了(le)依(yi)據。保護區(qu)的建設和(he)發(fa)展走上了(le)科學發(fa)展的軌道。
黑龍江新青白頭鶴自然保護區氣候條件
黑龍江新青白頭(tou)鶴自然(ran)保(bao)護區屬寒(han)溫(wen)(wen)帶大(da)(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,區內四季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候差(cha)異(yi)大(da)(da)。同時(shi),由于常(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)受外高加索、貝加爾湖冷空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)影響(xiang),致使該區氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候變化異(yi)常(chang)(chang)復雜。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特點為(wei)(wei)(wei)冬季(ji)(ji)漫長(chang),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候干燥(zao)而寒(han)冷;夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)較短(duan),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)多(duo)雨(yu);春季(ji)(ji)前期冷,后期暖,春風大(da)(da),春霜(終霜)晚;秋季(ji)(ji)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)迅(xun)速,秋霜(早(zao)霜)早(zao),常(chang)(chang)有(you)凍害發生。據(ju)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象資料統計(ji),保(bao)護區年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-0.5℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)一般(ban)在70℃以上(shang),無霜期110-125天(tian)。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥0.0℃積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2500.6℃,全年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥5.0℃的(de)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2387.7℃,全年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10.0℃的(de)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1993.8℃。該地區光照(zhao)具有(you)明顯的(de)季(ji)(ji)節變化,冬短(duan)夏(xia)長(chang),輻射強度冬弱夏(xia)強。保(bao)護區全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)總時(shi)數平均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2268.5小時(shi)。保(bao)護區多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)650.7毫(hao)米,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)多(duo)集中(zhong)在6、7、8月(yue)份,占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)總降(jiang)水(shui)量的(de)60%。冬季(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)出現大(da)(da)雪天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。保(bao)護區全年(nian)(nian)(nian)以西(xi)南風為(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)多(duo)。風向的(de)季(ji)(ji)節變化明顯,春季(ji)(ji)多(duo)西(xi)南風,冬季(ji)(ji)多(duo)西(xi)北風。
豐林縣交通
豐林縣(局)的(de)交通,包括鐵路和公(gong)路兩部分。湯林線鐵路由本(ben)區通過,南為(wei)紅星、五營(ying),北(bei)是湯旺河。隨著(zhu)林區經濟的(de)發展,車站的(de)機構日趨(qu)健全,設施逐年完備。
豐林(lin)(lin)縣公路網密布,包括(kuo)湯北公路和新青(qing)至結源(yuan)、北溝、柳樹河、南(nan)溝、水(shui)源(yuan)、笑山林(lin)(lin)場的公路,省道伊春--嘉蔭國防公路由(you)本區北部通過。
保(bao)護區距離豐林縣約50千米,通達公路(lu)為林III級公路(lu)。
新青林區地處黑龍(long)江省伊春市五(wu)營國(guo)家森林公(gong)園(yuan)至(zhi)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)旺(wang)河國(guo)家地質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)、嘉(jia)蔭茅蘭(lan)溝(gou)、龍(long)骨山黃金旅游線上,距豐(feng)林縣(xian)35千米(mi),距湯(tang)(tang)(tang)旺(wang)縣(xian)21千米(mi)。豐(feng)林縣(xian)(局(ju))有湯(tang)(tang)(tang)林線鐵路(lu)從(cong)此(ci)通(tong)過(guo),公(gong)路(lu)網密布,包括湯(tang)(tang)(tang)北(bei)(bei)公(gong)路(lu)和新青至(zhi)結源(yuan)、北(bei)(bei)溝(gou)、柳樹河、南溝(gou)、水源(yuan)、笑山林場的(de)公(gong)路(lu),并(bing)且(qie)伊春——嘉(jia)蔭國(guo)防公(gong)路(lu)由北(bei)(bei)部通(tong)過(guo),交通(tong)條件極為(wei)便利。
目(mu)前豐林縣已建設(she)有基(ji)本的旅(lv)游接待(dai)設(she)施,保護區(qu)旅(lv)游設(she)施建設(she)尚處于(yu)起(qi)步階段。
豐林縣正在開發的旅游項目
豐林縣旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)資(zi)源十分豐富,擁有抗聯密營(ying)遺址、老佛山縣遺址、老金(jin)(jin)(jin)溝遺址、日偽時(shi)期修筑的(de)(de)(de)警備路(lu)遺址、大(da)面積的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)、國(guo)家(jia)一級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)動物白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)(he)、并有保(bao)存完(wan)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)片2,858公(gong)頃的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)紅松母樹林等(deng),可開(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)潛(qian)力(li)巨大(da)。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來,豐林縣本著生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)優先、整(zheng)體(ti)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)、突(tu)出重(zhong)點(dian)、循(xun)序漸進的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze),加大(da)了(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)資(zi)源的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)力(li)度,專門聘請國(guo)內旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)規劃設(she)(she)計專家(jia),對新(xin)青(qing)國(guo)家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)遠發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)進行了(le)(le)總體(ti)規劃,著力(li)打造旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)品牌,已取(qu)得初(chu)步成(cheng)(cheng)效。先后(hou)在濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)野生(sheng)(sheng)植物園(yuan)、觀(guan)(guan)鳥亭(ting)、觀(guan)(guan)景(jing)(jing)平臺和(he)(he)(he)1360延長(chang)(chang)米的(de)(de)(de)木棧道。2009年(nian)(nian),為保(bao)護(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)水源安全和(he)(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)水量,建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)湖(hu)。同時(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)行社和(he)(he)(he)熱氣(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)俱樂部(bu),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)觀(guan)(guan)鶴(he)(he)(he)、熱氣(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)等(deng)特(te)色(se)(se)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)項目已全面啟動,填(tian)補(bu)了(le)(le)林區(qu)空中(zhong)(zhong)觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)。目前,新(xin)青(qing)森林生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)正(zheng)在全力(li)依托國(guo)家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)鄉”的(de)(de)(de)稱譽,深入開(kai)發(fa)(fa)森林避暑、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)觀(guan)(guan)鶴(he)(he)(he)、湖(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)泛舟(zhou)、熱氣(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)項目,突(tu)出紅色(se)(se)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)、觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)沙金(jin)(jin)(jin)采(cai)掘流(liu)程和(he)(he)(he)鄂倫春(chun)少數(shu)民族風情游(you)等(deng)新(xin)青(qing)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)特(te)色(se)(se),打造新(xin)青(qing)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)品牌,提(ti)升旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)檔(dang)次和(he)(he)(he)品位(wei)。力(li)爭經過三(san)年(nian)(nian)左右的(de)(de)(de)努力(li),全面建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)好(hao)國(guo)家(jia)級新(xin)青(qing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)、新(xin)鶴(he)(he)(he)公(gong)路(lu)沿線觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)沙金(jin)(jin)(jin)采(cai)掘流(liu)程景(jing)(jing)點(dian)、抗美河(he)水上(shang)游(you)樂園(yuan)等(deng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)景(jing)(jing)點(dian)景(jing)(jing)區(qu),叫響(xiang)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)鄉”這個(ge)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)品牌,使新(xin)青(qing)成(cheng)(cheng)為伊春(chun)市湯旺河(he)流(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)黃金(jin)(jin)(jin)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)線上(shang)又一個(ge)獨(du)具特(te)色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)。并通過加強“吃、住、行、游(you)、購、娛”六項旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)服務(wu)基礎建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),提(ti)升旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)服務(wu)檔(dang)次,拉動商貿(mao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、物流(liu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)飲(yin)服娛樂業(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),進而把新(xin)青(qing)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)商貿(mao)服務(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)心。