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保護區概況

黑龍(long)江(jiang)新(xin)青白頭鶴(he)國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)地處黑龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)，小(xiao)興(xing)安嶺主脈東側(ce)北(bei)(bei)坡，位(wei)于“中(zhong)國(guo)白頭鶴(he)之鄉”黑龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)伊(yi)春市豐林(lin)(lin)縣(xian)（局）境內(nei)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與嘉(jia)蔭(yin)縣(xian)接(jie)壤，東南部(bu)與鶴(he)北(bei)(bei)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)局毗鄰，西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)是(shi)湯(tang)旺河林(lin)(lin)業(ye)局施(shi)業(ye)區(qu)，西南部(bu)、南部(bu)是(shi)新(xin)青林(lin)(lin)業(ye)局施(shi)業(ye)區(qu)。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)東經129°58′29″--130°23′07″，北(bei)(bei)緯48°19′21″--48°40′20″。距離黑龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)會哈爾濱470公(gong)里，交通便利。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)始建于2004年(nian)，2011年(nian)晉升(sheng)為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)，面積62567公(gong)頃(qing)，是(shi)伊(yi)春市青少(shao)年(nian)科普教育基(ji)地。在(zai)2009年(nian)被評為(wei)省(sheng)級先進集體，在(zai)2010年(nian)榮獲(huo)省(sheng)級森林(lin)(lin)資源監督管理先進單(dan)位(wei)。

保護區位于(yu)《全(quan)國(guo)林(lin)業(ye)系統(tong)自然保護區體系規劃研究(jiu)》所列16個中(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)熱點地(di)(di)(di)區之(zhi)一的吉林(lin)長白山地(di)(di)(di)區內，處于(yu)我國(guo)東北泥炭沼澤(ze)集中(zhong)分布區，擁(yong)有小(xiao)興安嶺山脈保存(cun)最完整的多種典型(xing)濕地(di)(di)(di)組合，被聯(lian)合國(guo)教科文組織考察認定為大面(mian)積(ji)群落清晰(xi)、保存(cun)完整的典型(xing)泥碳(tan)沼澤(ze)濕地(di)(di)(di)。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區以保(bao)(bao)(bao)護白頭鶴(he)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)與其他珍(zhen)稀瀕危野生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)、北溫帶森林生(sheng)態系統和濕地生(sheng)態系統及生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性、黑龍(long)江流域上(shang)游的(de)水源(yuan)(yuan)涵養地為保(bao)(bao)(bao)護對象，是(shi)集珍(zhen)稀瀕危野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、濕地資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、科學(xue)研究、宣傳(chuan)教育、生(sheng)態旅游與森林可持續利用(yong)等多項功能(neng)于一體的(de)“野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)類型(xing)”自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區。

黑(hei)龍江新青白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)以“中國(guo)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)之(zhi)鄉”響譽國(guo)內(nei)外，有著豐富的野生動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)。區(qu)內(nei)分(fen)布著近90只白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)，約(yue)占全球總量(liang)的1%。區(qu)內(nei)共有生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2,354種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174科(ke)1,011種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括(kuo)地(di)衣(yi)12科(ke)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，苔蘚植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)53科(ke)169種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)14科(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)93科(ke)706種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科(ke)331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中魚類(lei)(lei)13科(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)(lei)4科(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)3科(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)46科(ke)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獸類(lei)(lei)15科(ke)51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲101科(ke)465種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；土壤(rang)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42科(ke)67種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；真菌59科(ke)480種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有紅松、浮葉慈菇、紫(zi)椴、野大豆、黃檗、水曲柳(liu)等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有紫(zi)貂、原麝、白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)、丹頂鶴(he)(he)、東方白(bai)鸛、金雕6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有駝鹿(lu)、黑(hei)熊、馬鹿(lu)、烏林鸮(xiao)、蒼鷹、普通鵟(kuang)、花尾榛雞(ji)、白(bai)枕鶴(he)(he)等(deng)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，省級(ji)一般保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

保(bao)護區(qu)內(nei)群(qun)巒(luan)起伏、林海(hai)蒼茫，河流(liu)交(jiao)錯，風光旖旎。春來山花似火，盛夏河水如藍，金秋(qiu)五彩繽紛，隆冬銀裝素裹，鮮明的(de)四季展(zhan)示出北(bei)國獨(du)具的(de)魅(mei)力。區(qu)內(nei)山青、水秀、石奇(qi)、林幽，特殊(shu)的(de)地(di)(di)理位置、地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao)和森(sen)林資源形成(cheng)了獨(du)特的(de)自(zi)然景觀(guan)，具有(you)豐富的(de)生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性(xing)。在(zai)物種組成(cheng)、區(qu)系特征、群(qun)落結構(gou)或生(sheng)態(tai)系統水平(ping)上，均反映了小(xiao)興安嶺特色，是小(xiao)興安嶺地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)典型代表(biao)。

幾(ji)年來，黑(hei)龍(long)江新青白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區以建設國家級保(bao)護區為目標(biao)，堅(jian)持(chi)“生態(tai)優(you)先、合理利用、持(chi)續發展(zhan)”的原則(ze)，積極(ji)開(kai)展(zhan)資源保(bao)護、宣(xuan)傳教育(yu)、科(ke)學研究、社區共(gong)管等工(gong)作，使以白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)為主的野(ye)生動植物資源和森林、濕地(di)(di)生態(tai)系統得到(dao)了(le)有(you)效保(bao)護。積極(ji)開(kai)展(zhan)科(ke)學研究，在(zai)國內首次取得了(le)在(zai)非(fei)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)地(di)(di)已經(jing)停止繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)的白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)到(dao)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)地(di)(di)后恢復繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)能力和模擬野(ye)生白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)環境(jing)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)親鳥孵卵育(yu)雛(chu)的科(ke)研成果(guo)，這項科(ke)研成果(guo)在(zai)2011年北京林業大學召開(kai)的“中國首屆自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護論(lun)壇”上作為參會論(lun)文進行交流。

目前(qian)，保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)成(cheng)立了(le)(le)管理(li)局—管理(li)站—管理(li)點三級管理(li)機構(gou)，制定(ding)和(he)完善了(le)(le)相(xiang)應的規章制度(du)及保(bao)護(hu)條例，為保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的依法保(bao)護(hu)和(he)管理(li)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)依據。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的建設和(he)發(fa)展走上了(le)(le)科學發(fa)展的軌道。

黑龍江新青白頭鶴自然保護區氣候條件

黑龍江新青(qing)白頭鶴(he)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬寒溫帶大(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)，區(qu)(qu)內四季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)差異大(da)。同(tong)時，由于常(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)受外高加(jia)索、貝加(jia)爾湖(hu)冷(leng)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)影響，致(zhi)使該區(qu)(qu)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)變化異常(chang)(chang)復雜(za)。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點為(wei)(wei)(wei)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)漫長(chang)，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)干(gan)燥而寒冷(leng)；夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)(ji)較短，氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和(he)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)雨；春季(ji)(ji)前期冷(leng)，后期暖，春風大(da)，春霜（終(zhong)霜）晚(wan)；秋季(ji)(ji)降溫迅(xun)速(su)，秋霜（早(zao)霜）早(zao)，常(chang)(chang)有凍害發生。據氣(qi)(qi)象資(zi)料統(tong)計(ji)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫-0.5℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)溫差一(yi)般在70℃以上，無霜期110-125天。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)≥0.0℃積(ji)(ji)溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)2500.6℃，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)≥5.0℃的(de)積(ji)(ji)溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)2387.7℃，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10.0℃的(de)積(ji)(ji)溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)1993.8℃。該地區(qu)(qu)光照具有明顯的(de)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)變化，冬(dong)短夏(xia)(xia)長(chang)，輻射強度冬(dong)弱(ruo)夏(xia)(xia)強。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照總時數(shu)平均為(wei)(wei)(wei)2268.5小時。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均降水量為(wei)(wei)(wei)650.7毫米(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)集中(zhong)在6、7、8月份(fen)，占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總降水量的(de)60%。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)出現(xian)大(da)雪天氣(qi)(qi)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以西(xi)南(nan)風為(wei)(wei)(wei)最多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。風向(xiang)的(de)季(ji)(ji)節(jie)變化明顯，春季(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)西(xi)南(nan)風，冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)西(xi)北(bei)風。

豐林縣交通

豐林(lin)縣（局）的(de)交通，包括鐵(tie)路和公路兩部分。湯林(lin)線鐵(tie)路由本區通過(guo)，南為紅星(xing)、五營，北是湯旺河。隨著林(lin)區經(jing)濟的(de)發展，車站的(de)機構日(ri)趨(qu)健全，設施逐(zhu)年(nian)完備。

豐(feng)林(lin)縣公(gong)(gong)路網密(mi)布，包括湯北(bei)公(gong)(gong)路和新青至結源、北(bei)溝、柳樹河、南溝、水(shui)源、笑山林(lin)場(chang)的(de)公(gong)(gong)路，省(sheng)道伊春--嘉蔭國防(fang)公(gong)(gong)路由本區北(bei)部通過。

保護區距離豐林縣(xian)約(yue)50千米(mi)，通達公路為(wei)林III級公路。

新(xin)(xin)青林(lin)(lin)(lin)區地處黑龍(long)江(jiang)省伊春(chun)市五營國(guo)家(jia)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園至湯旺(wang)河(he)國(guo)家(jia)地質公(gong)(gong)園、嘉蔭茅蘭溝(gou)、龍(long)骨山黃(huang)金旅游線上，距(ju)豐林(lin)(lin)(lin)縣(xian)35千米，距(ju)湯旺(wang)縣(xian)21千米。豐林(lin)(lin)(lin)縣(xian)（局）有湯林(lin)(lin)(lin)線鐵路從此(ci)通過(guo)，公(gong)(gong)路網(wang)密(mi)布(bu)，包括湯北公(gong)(gong)路和新(xin)(xin)青至結源、北溝(gou)、柳樹河(he)、南溝(gou)、水源、笑山林(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)的公(gong)(gong)路，并且伊春(chun)——嘉蔭國(guo)防公(gong)(gong)路由北部(bu)通過(guo)，交通條(tiao)件(jian)極為(wei)便(bian)利(li)。

目前豐林縣已(yi)建設(she)有基本(ben)的旅游接待設(she)施，保護(hu)區旅游設(she)施建設(she)尚處于起步階段。

豐林縣正在開發的旅游項目

豐林縣旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資源十分豐富，擁(yong)有(you)抗聯密(mi)營遺址、老佛山縣遺址、老金溝遺址、日偽時期(qi)修(xiu)筑的(de)(de)(de)警(jing)備路遺址、大面積的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)一級重點(dian)保護(hu)野生(sheng)動物白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)、并(bing)有(you)保存完(wan)好的(de)(de)(de)三片2，858公(gong)(gong)頃的(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)紅松母樹林等(deng)，可(ke)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)潛力(li)巨大。近年來，豐林縣本著生(sheng)態優先、整體開(kai)發(fa)(fa)、突出(chu)重點(dian)、循(xun)序漸進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)原則，加大了(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資源的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)力(li)度，專門聘請國(guo)(guo)內(nei)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)規(gui)劃設計(ji)專家(jia)，對新(xin)(xin)青(qing)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設和(he)(he)長遠發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)進(jin)行了(le)(le)總體規(gui)劃，著力(li)打(da)造旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品牌(pai)(pai)，已(yi)取得初步成(cheng)效。先后在濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)野生(sheng)植(zhi)物園、觀鳥亭、觀景(jing)平(ping)臺(tai)和(he)(he)1360延長米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)木棧道。2009年，為保護(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水(shui)源安全(quan)和(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水(shui)量，建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)湖。同時成(cheng)立了(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行社和(he)(he)熱(re)氣球(qiu)俱樂部(bu)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)觀鶴(he)、熱(re)氣球(qiu)觀光(guang)等(deng)特(te)色旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)項目已(yi)全(quan)面啟(qi)動，填補(bu)了(le)(le)林區空中觀光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)。目前，新(xin)(xin)青(qing)森林生(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產業(ye)正(zheng)在全(quan)力(li)依托國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園和(he)(he)“中國(guo)(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)之(zhi)鄉”的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)譽，深入開(kai)發(fa)(fa)森林避暑(shu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)觀鶴(he)、湖中泛舟、熱(re)氣球(qiu)觀光(guang)等(deng)生(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)項目，突出(chu)紅色旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、觀光(guang)原始(shi)沙金采掘(jue)(jue)流(liu)(liu)程和(he)(he)鄂倫春少數民族風情游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等(deng)新(xin)(xin)青(qing)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)色，打(da)造新(xin)(xin)青(qing)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品牌(pai)(pai)，提升旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)檔次和(he)(he)品位。力(li)爭經過(guo)三年左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)努力(li)，全(quan)面建(jian)設好國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級新(xin)(xin)青(qing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園、新(xin)(xin)鶴(he)公(gong)(gong)路沿線觀光(guang)原始(shi)沙金采掘(jue)(jue)流(liu)(liu)程景(jing)點(dian)、抗美河水(shui)上(shang)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樂園等(deng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)景(jing)點(dian)景(jing)區，叫響“中國(guo)(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)之(zhi)鄉”這(zhe)個旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品牌(pai)(pai)，使新(xin)(xin)青(qing)成(cheng)為伊(yi)春市湯旺河流(liu)(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)金旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線上(shang)又一個獨具(ju)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)景(jing)區。并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)加強(qiang)“吃、住、行、游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、購、娛(yu)(yu)”六項旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)服(fu)(fu)務基礎建(jian)設，提升旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)服(fu)(fu)務檔次，拉動商(shang)貿業(ye)、物流(liu)(liu)業(ye)和(he)(he)飲服(fu)(fu)娛(yu)(yu)樂業(ye)大發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，進(jin)而把新(xin)(xin)青(qing)建(jian)成(cheng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)商(shang)貿服(fu)(fu)務中心。