保護區概況
黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)青白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級自然保護區(qu)地處黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)東北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu),小興安嶺(ling)主脈東側北(bei)坡(po),位(wei)(wei)于“中國(guo)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)之鄉”黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)伊春市豐林縣(局)境內。保護區(qu)東北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)(yu)嘉蔭縣接(jie)壤,東南部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)(yu)鶴(he)北(bei)林業(ye)局毗鄰,西北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)湯旺河林業(ye)局施業(ye)區(qu),西南部(bu)(bu)(bu)、南部(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)青林業(ye)局施業(ye)區(qu)。地理坐標為東經(jing)129°58′29″--130°23′07″,北(bei)緯48°19′21″--48°40′20″。距離黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)會(hui)哈爾濱470公(gong)里(li),交(jiao)通便利。保護區(qu)始建于2004年(nian),2011年(nian)晉(jin)升為國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級自然保護區(qu),面(mian)積(ji)62567公(gong)頃(qing),是(shi)(shi)伊春市青少年(nian)科普教育基地。在(zai)2009年(nian)被(bei)評為省(sheng)級先進集體,在(zai)2010年(nian)榮(rong)獲省(sheng)級森(sen)林資源監(jian)督管(guan)理先進單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。
保(bao)護(hu)區位于《全國林業(ye)系統自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區體系規劃研(yan)究》所(suo)列16個中國生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性熱點地區之一的(de)吉林長白山地區內(nei),處于我(wo)國東北(bei)泥炭沼(zhao)澤(ze)集中分布區,擁有(you)小(xiao)興安(an)嶺山脈保(bao)存(cun)最完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)多(duo)(duo)種典型(xing)濕(shi)(shi)地組(zu)合(he),被聯合(he)國教科文組(zu)織考察(cha)認(ren)定為大面(mian)積群落清晰、保(bao)存(cun)完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)典型(xing)泥碳(tan)沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地。
保(bao)護(hu)區以保(bao)護(hu)白(bai)頭鶴資(zi)源(yuan)與其他珍稀瀕(bin)危(wei)野生(sheng)動(dong)植物資(zi)源(yuan)、北溫帶森(sen)(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統和濕地生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統及生(sheng)物多樣性、黑龍江流域上游的(de)水源(yuan)涵養地為保(bao)護(hu)對象,是(shi)集珍稀瀕(bin)危(wei)野生(sheng)動(dong)物保(bao)護(hu)、生(sheng)物多樣性保(bao)護(hu)、濕地資(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)、科學(xue)研究、宣傳教育、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)旅游與森(sen)(sen)林(lin)可持續利用等多項(xiang)功能于一體(ti)的(de)“野生(sheng)動(dong)物類(lei)型”自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區。
黑(hei)龍江新(xin)青白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)以“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)之鄉(xiang)”響譽國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)外,有著豐(feng)富的野生(sheng)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源。區(qu)內(nei)(nei)分布(bu)著近90只白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he),約占全(quan)球總量的1%。區(qu)內(nei)(nei)共(gong)有生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2,354種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174科(ke)(ke)1,011種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括地衣12科(ke)(ke)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)53科(ke)(ke)169種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)14科(ke)(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被(bei)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)93科(ke)(ke)706種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科(ke)(ke)331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)魚類13科(ke)(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩棲類4科(ke)(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行類3科(ke)(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類46科(ke)(ke)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),獸類15科(ke)(ke)51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);昆蟲101科(ke)(ke)465種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);土壤動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42科(ke)(ke)67種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);真菌59科(ke)(ke)480種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有紅(hong)松、浮葉慈菇、紫(zi)椴、野大豆、黃檗、水曲柳等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有紫(zi)貂、原(yuan)麝、白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)、丹頂鶴(he)、東方白(bai)鸛、金雕(diao)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有駝鹿、黑(hei)熊(xiong)、馬鹿、烏林鸮、蒼鷹、普通鵟(kuang)、花尾榛雞(ji)、白(bai)枕鶴(he)等42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),省級(ji)一般保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
保護(hu)區內(nei)群巒起伏(fu)、林(lin)海蒼茫,河流交錯(cuo),風光旖旎(ni)。春來(lai)山花似火,盛(sheng)夏(xia)河水如藍,金(jin)秋五彩(cai)繽紛,隆冬銀裝素裹,鮮明的(de)四(si)季展(zhan)示出(chu)北(bei)國(guo)獨具的(de)魅力。區內(nei)山青、水秀、石奇、林(lin)幽,特(te)殊的(de)地(di)理位置、地(di)形地(di)貌和森林(lin)資(zi)源(yuan)形成了(le)獨特(te)的(de)自(zi)然(ran)景觀,具有豐富的(de)生物(wu)多樣性。在物(wu)種(zhong)組成、區系(xi)特(te)征、群落(luo)結構或生態(tai)系(xi)統水平上(shang),均反映了(le)小興(xing)安(an)嶺(ling)特(te)色,是(shi)小興(xing)安(an)嶺(ling)地(di)區的(de)典型代表。
幾年來,黑龍江(jiang)新(xin)青(qing)白頭(tou)鶴自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區以(yi)建設國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區為目標,堅持“生態優先(xian)、合理利(li)用、持續發展”的原則,積(ji)極開展資源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、宣傳教育(yu)、科(ke)(ke)學(xue)研(yan)究、社區共管等工作,使(shi)以(yi)白頭(tou)鶴為主的野生動植物資源(yuan)和森林、濕地生態系(xi)統得到了有效保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。積(ji)極開展科(ke)(ke)學(xue)研(yan)究,在國(guo)(guo)(guo)內首次取得了在非(fei)繁(fan)殖地已(yi)經停止繁(fan)殖的白頭(tou)鶴到繁(fan)殖地后恢復繁(fan)殖能力和模擬野生白頭(tou)鶴繁(fan)殖環境白頭(tou)鶴親鳥孵卵育(yu)雛的科(ke)(ke)研(yan)成果(guo),這項科(ke)(ke)研(yan)成果(guo)在2011年北京林業大(da)學(xue)召開的“中國(guo)(guo)(guo)首屆自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)論壇(tan)”上作為參(can)會論文(wen)進行交流。
目前(qian),保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)成立了(le)(le)管(guan)理(li)(li)局—管(guan)理(li)(li)站—管(guan)理(li)(li)點三(san)級(ji)管(guan)理(li)(li)機構,制定和完善了(le)(le)相應的規(gui)章制度及保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)條例,為(wei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的依法保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和管(guan)理(li)(li)提供了(le)(le)依據。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的建(jian)設和發(fa)展走上了(le)(le)科學發(fa)展的軌道。
黑龍江新青白頭鶴自然保護區氣候條件
黑龍(long)江新青白頭鶴(he)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)屬寒溫(wen)帶大(da)陸(lu)性季風(feng)氣(qi)候,區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內四季氣(qi)候差異(yi)大(da)。同(tong)時,由于常(chang)(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)受(shou)外高加索、貝(bei)加爾(er)湖冷(leng)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)影響,致使該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)氣(qi)候變化異(yi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)復雜。氣(qi)候特點為(wei)冬(dong)季漫(man)長(chang),氣(qi)候干(gan)燥而寒冷(leng);夏季較(jiao)短,氣(qi)候溫(wen)和多(duo)(duo)雨;春季前(qian)期冷(leng),后期暖,春風(feng)大(da),春霜(shuang)(shuang)(終霜(shuang)(shuang))晚;秋(qiu)季降溫(wen)迅速,秋(qiu)霜(shuang)(shuang)(早霜(shuang)(shuang))早,常(chang)(chang)(chang)有凍害(hai)發生。據氣(qi)象(xiang)資(zi)料統計(ji),保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)-0.5℃,年(nian)(nian)溫(wen)差一般在(zai)70℃以上,無霜(shuang)(shuang)期110-125天(tian)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)≥0.0℃積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)2500.6℃,全(quan)年(nian)(nian)≥5.0℃的(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)2387.7℃,全(quan)年(nian)(nian)≥10.0℃的(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)1993.8℃。該地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)光照(zhao)具(ju)有明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)季節(jie)變化,冬(dong)短夏長(chang),輻射強度冬(dong)弱夏強。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)總時數平均為(wei)2268.5小時。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均降水量為(wei)650.7毫米,年(nian)(nian)降水多(duo)(duo)集中在(zai)6、7、8月份,占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)總降水量的(de)(de)60%。冬(dong)季常(chang)(chang)(chang)出現大(da)雪天(tian)氣(qi)。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)以西(xi)南(nan)風(feng)為(wei)最多(duo)(duo)。風(feng)向的(de)(de)季節(jie)變化明(ming)顯(xian)(xian),春季多(duo)(duo)西(xi)南(nan)風(feng),冬(dong)季多(duo)(duo)西(xi)北風(feng)。
豐林縣交通
豐林(lin)縣(xian)(局)的交通,包括鐵(tie)路(lu)和(he)公路(lu)兩(liang)部分。湯林(lin)線鐵(tie)路(lu)由(you)本區(qu)通過,南為(wei)紅星、五營,北是湯旺河。隨著林(lin)區(qu)經濟的發展,車站(zhan)的機(ji)構日(ri)趨健全,設施(shi)逐年完(wan)備。
豐林縣公路(lu)網密布,包括湯北(bei)公路(lu)和新青至(zhi)結源、北(bei)溝、柳樹河、南溝、水源、笑山(shan)林場的公路(lu),省道(dao)伊春--嘉蔭國(guo)防公路(lu)由本區北(bei)部通(tong)過。
保(bao)護區距離豐(feng)林縣約50千(qian)米,通(tong)達公(gong)(gong)路為林III級(ji)公(gong)(gong)路。
新青林(lin)(lin)區(qu)地(di)處(chu)黑龍(long)江(jiang)省伊(yi)春(chun)市(shi)五(wu)營國(guo)家森林(lin)(lin)公(gong)園至(zhi)湯(tang)(tang)旺河(he)國(guo)家地(di)質公(gong)園、嘉(jia)蔭茅(mao)蘭(lan)溝、龍(long)骨山黃金旅游線上,距(ju)豐(feng)林(lin)(lin)縣35千米,距(ju)湯(tang)(tang)旺縣21千米。豐(feng)林(lin)(lin)縣(局)有湯(tang)(tang)林(lin)(lin)線鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)從此(ci)通過,公(gong)路(lu)(lu)網密布,包括湯(tang)(tang)北公(gong)路(lu)(lu)和新青至(zhi)結源、北溝、柳樹河(he)、南溝、水(shui)源、笑山林(lin)(lin)場的(de)公(gong)路(lu)(lu),并且(qie)伊(yi)春(chun)——嘉(jia)蔭國(guo)防(fang)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)由北部通過,交通條件極為便(bian)利。
目前豐林(lin)縣已(yi)建設(she)有基(ji)本的旅游接待設(she)施,保護(hu)區旅游設(she)施建設(she)尚(shang)處(chu)于起步階段。
豐林縣正在開發的旅游項目
豐林縣旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)源十(shi)分豐富,擁有抗聯密營遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、老佛(fo)山縣遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、老金(jin)(jin)(jin)溝遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、日偽時(shi)期修筑的(de)(de)警(jing)備路遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、大(da)面(mian)積的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、國(guo)家(jia)一(yi)級重點保護(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)(he)、并有保存完好的(de)(de)三(san)片2,858公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃的(de)(de)原(yuan)始紅松母樹(shu)林等(deng),可開(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)潛力(li)巨大(da)。近年(nian)來,豐林縣本著生(sheng)(sheng)態優先、整體(ti)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)、突出重點、循序漸(jian)進(jin)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則,加(jia)大(da)了(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)力(li)度,專門聘請國(guo)內旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)規(gui)劃設計專家(jia),對新(xin)青國(guo)家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)建(jian)設和(he)(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)遠(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)總體(ti)規(gui)劃,著力(li)打(da)造(zao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)品(pin)牌,已取得初步成(cheng)效。先后在濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)野生(sheng)(sheng)植物園(yuan)、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)鳥(niao)亭、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)平臺(tai)和(he)(he)(he)1360延長(chang)(chang)米的(de)(de)木棧道。2009年(nian),為(wei)保護(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水(shui)源安(an)全和(he)(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水(shui)量(liang),建(jian)成(cheng)了(le)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)湖(hu)(hu)。同時(shi)成(cheng)立了(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)社和(he)(he)(he)熱(re)氣(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)俱樂(le)部,濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)鶴(he)(he)(he)、熱(re)氣(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)等(deng)特(te)色(se)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)項(xiang)目(mu)已全面(mian)啟動(dong),填補了(le)林區空(kong)中觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)的(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)。目(mu)前,新(xin)青森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)產業正在全力(li)依托國(guo)家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)“中國(guo)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”的(de)(de)稱譽,深入(ru)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)森(sen)林避(bi)暑、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)鶴(he)(he)(he)、湖(hu)(hu)中泛舟、熱(re)氣(qi)球(qiu)(qiu)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)項(xiang)目(mu),突出紅色(se)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)原(yuan)始沙(sha)金(jin)(jin)(jin)采掘流(liu)程(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)鄂倫(lun)春少(shao)數民族風情游(you)(you)等(deng)新(xin)青旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)特(te)色(se),打(da)造(zao)新(xin)青旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)品(pin)牌,提升旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)檔次(ci)和(he)(he)(he)品(pin)位。力(li)爭經過(guo)三(san)年(nian)左右的(de)(de)努(nu)力(li),全面(mian)建(jian)設好國(guo)家(jia)級新(xin)青濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)、新(xin)鶴(he)(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路沿(yan)線觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)原(yuan)始沙(sha)金(jin)(jin)(jin)采掘流(liu)程(cheng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點、抗美河水(shui)上游(you)(you)樂(le)園(yuan)等(deng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點景(jing)(jing)(jing)區,叫響“中國(guo)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”這(zhe)個旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)品(pin)牌,使新(xin)青成(cheng)為(wei)伊春市湯旺河流(liu)域的(de)(de)黃金(jin)(jin)(jin)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)線上又一(yi)個獨具特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區。并通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)強“吃、住、行(xing)(xing)、游(you)(you)、購、娛”六項(xiang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)服(fu)務(wu)基礎建(jian)設,提升旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)服(fu)務(wu)檔次(ci),拉動(dong)商(shang)貿(mao)業、物流(liu)業和(he)(he)(he)飲服(fu)娛樂(le)業大(da)發(fa)(fa)展、快發(fa)(fa)展,進(jin)而把(ba)新(xin)青建(jian)成(cheng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)商(shang)貿(mao)服(fu)務(wu)中心。