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保護區概況

黑(hei)龍江(jiang)新青(qing)白頭鶴國家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區地(di)處黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)，小興安嶺主(zhu)脈東(dong)(dong)(dong)側北(bei)(bei)坡，位(wei)于“中國白頭鶴之鄉(xiang)”黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)伊(yi)(yi)春(chun)市豐林(lin)縣(xian)（局）境(jing)內。保(bao)(bao)護區東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與嘉蔭縣(xian)接壤，東(dong)(dong)(dong)南部(bu)與鶴北(bei)(bei)林(lin)業(ye)局毗鄰，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)是湯(tang)旺河林(lin)業(ye)局施業(ye)區，西(xi)南部(bu)、南部(bu)是新青(qing)林(lin)業(ye)局施業(ye)區。地(di)理(li)坐標為東(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)129°58′29″--130°23′07″，北(bei)(bei)緯48°19′21″--48°40′20″。距離黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)會哈(ha)爾濱470公(gong)里，交(jiao)通(tong)便利。保(bao)(bao)護區始建(jian)于2004年(nian)，2011年(nian)晉(jin)升(sheng)為國家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區，面(mian)積62567公(gong)頃(qing)，是伊(yi)(yi)春(chun)市青(qing)少年(nian)科普教育基地(di)。在2009年(nian)被評為省(sheng)(sheng)級先進集體，在2010年(nian)榮獲省(sheng)(sheng)級森林(lin)資(zi)源監督管理(li)先進單位(wei)。

保(bao)護區位于(yu)《全國(guo)林業系(xi)統自然保(bao)護區體系(xi)規劃研究》所列16個中(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性熱點地區之一的(de)吉林長(chang)白山地區內，處于(yu)我國(guo)東北泥炭沼澤(ze)集中(zhong)分布區，擁有小興安嶺山脈保(bao)存最(zui)完整(zheng)的(de)多(duo)種典(dian)型濕(shi)地組(zu)合，被(bei)聯(lian)合國(guo)教科文組(zu)織考察認定為大面積群落清晰(xi)、保(bao)存完整(zheng)的(de)典(dian)型泥碳沼澤(ze)濕(shi)地。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)以保(bao)(bao)(bao)護白(bai)頭鶴資(zi)源與(yu)其他珍稀(xi)瀕危野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)資(zi)源、北溫帶(dai)森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)和(he)濕地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性、黑龍江流(liu)域(yu)上游的水源涵養地為保(bao)(bao)(bao)護對象，是(shi)集珍稀(xi)瀕危野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、濕地資(zi)源保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、科(ke)學研究、宣傳教育、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態旅游與(yu)森(sen)林可持續利(li)用等多項功能于(yu)一體的“野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)類型”自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)。

黑龍(long)江新青白(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)國家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)“中國白(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)之鄉”響譽國內(nei)外，有(you)著豐富的野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)資(zi)源。區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)分布著近90只白(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)，約占(zhan)全球總量的1%。區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)共有(you)生(sheng)物(wu)2,354種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中植物(wu)174科(ke)(ke)(ke)1,011種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括(kuo)地(di)衣12科(ke)(ke)(ke)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，苔(tai)蘚植物(wu)53科(ke)(ke)(ke)169種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)(lei)植物(wu)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸(luo)子植物(wu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子植物(wu)93科(ke)(ke)(ke)706種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)81科(ke)(ke)(ke)331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中魚類(lei)(lei)13科(ke)(ke)(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)(lei)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)(lei)46科(ke)(ke)(ke)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獸類(lei)(lei)15科(ke)(ke)(ke)51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲101科(ke)(ke)(ke)465種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；土(tu)壤(rang)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)42科(ke)(ke)(ke)67種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；真菌(jun)59科(ke)(ke)(ke)480種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)國家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)有(you)紅(hong)松、浮葉慈菇(gu)、紫(zi)椴、野大豆(dou)、黃檗、水(shui)曲(qu)柳等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)紫(zi)貂(diao)、原麝、白(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)、丹頂鶴(he)(he)、東方白(bai)鸛、金雕6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)駝鹿、黑熊、馬鹿、烏林鸮、蒼(cang)鷹、普通鵟(kuang)、花尾榛(zhen)雞、白(bai)枕鶴(he)(he)等42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，省(sheng)級(ji)一般保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

保護區(qu)內(nei)群(qun)(qun)巒起(qi)伏、林(lin)海蒼茫，河流交錯，風光(guang)旖旎。春來山(shan)花似火，盛夏河水如(ru)藍，金秋五彩繽紛，隆(long)冬銀(yin)裝素裹，鮮明(ming)的(de)四(si)季展示出北國獨(du)具的(de)魅力。區(qu)內(nei)山(shan)青(qing)、水秀、石(shi)奇、林(lin)幽，特(te)殊的(de)地(di)理(li)位置、地(di)形地(di)貌和森林(lin)資源(yuan)形成了(le)獨(du)特(te)的(de)自然景觀，具有豐富(fu)的(de)生物(wu)多樣性。在物(wu)種組成、區(qu)系(xi)特(te)征、群(qun)(qun)落結(jie)構或生態系(xi)統(tong)水平上，均反映了(le)小興(xing)(xing)安(an)嶺特(te)色，是(shi)小興(xing)(xing)安(an)嶺地(di)區(qu)的(de)典型代表。

幾年來，黑龍江(jiang)新青白頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區以(yi)建設國(guo)(guo)家級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區為目標，堅持“生態(tai)優先、合理利用、持續發展”的原則，積極開(kai)(kai)展資源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、宣傳教育、科(ke)學研究、社區共管等工作，使以(yi)白頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)為主的野(ye)生動植物資源(yuan)和森(sen)林(lin)、濕地(di)生態(tai)系(xi)統得到了(le)有效保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。積極開(kai)(kai)展科(ke)學研究，在國(guo)(guo)內首次(ci)取得了(le)在非繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)地(di)已(yi)經(jing)停止繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)的白頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)到繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)地(di)后恢復繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)能力和模擬野(ye)生白頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)環境白頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)親鳥(niao)孵卵育雛的科(ke)研成(cheng)(cheng)果，這項(xiang)科(ke)研成(cheng)(cheng)果在2011年北(bei)京林(lin)業大學召開(kai)(kai)的“中國(guo)(guo)首屆自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)論(lun)壇”上作為參會論(lun)文進行交流。

目前，保(bao)護(hu)區成(cheng)立了(le)管(guan)理局—管(guan)理站—管(guan)理點三級管(guan)理機構，制定和(he)(he)完善了(le)相應的(de)(de)(de)規章制度及保(bao)護(hu)條(tiao)例(li)，為保(bao)護(hu)區的(de)(de)(de)依法保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)管(guan)理提供(gong)了(le)依據。保(bao)護(hu)區的(de)(de)(de)建設和(he)(he)發(fa)展(zhan)走上了(le)科學發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)軌(gui)道。

黑龍江新青白頭鶴自然保護區氣候條件

黑龍江新青白頭鶴自然保護區(qu)(qu)屬寒溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，區(qu)(qu)內四季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)差異大(da)。同(tong)時(shi)，由于常(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)受外(wai)高加索、貝加爾(er)湖冷空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)影響，致使該(gai)區(qu)(qu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)變化異常(chang)(chang)復雜(za)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點(dian)為(wei)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)漫長，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)干燥而寒冷；夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)較短(duan)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫和多(duo)雨；春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)前期(qi)冷，后期(qi)暖，春(chun)(chun)風(feng)(feng)大(da)，春(chun)(chun)霜（終霜）晚；秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)降溫迅速，秋(qiu)霜（早霜）早，常(chang)(chang)有凍害發(fa)生。據(ju)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)資料統(tong)計，保護區(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫-0.5℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)溫差一般在(zai)70℃以上，無霜期(qi)110-125天(tian)(tian)。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥0.0℃積(ji)溫為(wei)2500.6℃，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥5.0℃的(de)(de)積(ji)溫為(wei)2387.7℃，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10.0℃的(de)(de)積(ji)溫為(wei)1993.8℃。該(gai)地區(qu)(qu)光照具(ju)有明顯(xian)的(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化，冬(dong)短(duan)夏(xia)長，輻射強度冬(dong)弱夏(xia)強。保護區(qu)(qu)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照總時(shi)數平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)2268.5小時(shi)。保護區(qu)(qu)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量為(wei)650.7毫(hao)米(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)多(duo)集中在(zai)6、7、8月份，占全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)總降水(shui)量的(de)(de)60%。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)(chang)出現(xian)大(da)雪(xue)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。保護區(qu)(qu)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)以西南風(feng)(feng)為(wei)最多(duo)。風(feng)(feng)向的(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化明顯(xian)，春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)西南風(feng)(feng)，冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)西北風(feng)(feng)。

豐林縣交通

豐林縣（局(ju)）的交通，包括鐵路(lu)和公(gong)路(lu)兩部(bu)分。湯林線鐵路(lu)由(you)本區通過，南為紅星、五營(ying)，北是湯旺河。隨著(zhu)林區經濟的發展，車站的機構日趨健全(quan)，設施逐年完(wan)備。

豐林縣公路(lu)(lu)網密布，包括湯(tang)北公路(lu)(lu)和新青至(zhi)結(jie)源(yuan)、北溝、柳樹河、南(nan)溝、水(shui)源(yuan)、笑山林場(chang)的公路(lu)(lu)，省道伊(yi)春--嘉蔭(yin)國防公路(lu)(lu)由本區北部(bu)通過。

保護區距離豐林(lin)縣約50千米，通(tong)達公路(lu)(lu)為林(lin)III級公路(lu)(lu)。

新青林區地處(chu)黑龍(long)江省伊春(chun)市五(wu)營(ying)國家森林公園至湯(tang)(tang)旺河國家地質公園、嘉(jia)蔭茅蘭溝、龍(long)骨山黃金(jin)旅游線上，距豐林縣35千米，距湯(tang)(tang)旺縣21千米。豐林縣（局）有湯(tang)(tang)林線鐵路(lu)從此通過，公路(lu)網密布，包(bao)括(kuo)湯(tang)(tang)北(bei)公路(lu)和新青至結源、北(bei)溝、柳樹河、南溝、水源、笑山林場的公路(lu)，并且(qie)伊春(chun)——嘉(jia)蔭國防公路(lu)由北(bei)部通過，交通條件極為便(bian)利。

目(mu)前豐(feng)林縣(xian)已建設(she)(she)有(you)基本的旅(lv)游接待(dai)設(she)(she)施，保護區旅(lv)游設(she)(she)施建設(she)(she)尚處于起步階段。

豐林縣正在開發的旅游項目

豐林(lin)(lin)縣旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資源十分豐富(fu)，擁有抗聯密營(ying)遺址、老(lao)佛(fo)山縣遺址、老(lao)金溝(gou)遺址、日偽時期修筑的(de)(de)(de)警備(bei)路遺址、大(da)(da)面積的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級重點保護野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)(he)、并有保存完好的(de)(de)(de)三片2，858公(gong)頃(qing)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始(shi)紅松母樹林(lin)(lin)等(deng)(deng)，可開(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)潛力(li)巨大(da)(da)。近(jin)年(nian)來，豐林(lin)(lin)縣本(ben)著生(sheng)(sheng)態優先、整體(ti)開(kai)發(fa)、突(tu)出(chu)重點、循序漸(jian)進的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，加大(da)(da)了(le)(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資源的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)力(li)度，專門聘請國(guo)內(nei)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)規劃設(she)計專家(jia)(jia)，對新(xin)(xin)(xin)青(qing)(qing)(qing)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)和(he)長(chang)遠發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)進行了(le)(le)(le)總體(ti)規劃，著力(li)打造旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)牌(pai)，已(yi)取(qu)得初步成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效。先后在濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)野生(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)(wu)園(yuan)、觀鳥亭、觀景(jing)(jing)(jing)平臺和(he)1360延(yan)長(chang)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)木棧道。2009年(nian)，為保護濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水源安全(quan)和(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)水量，建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)湖(hu)(hu)。同(tong)時成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)行社和(he)熱氣球(qiu)俱樂部(bu)，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)觀鶴(he)(he)(he)、熱氣球(qiu)觀光(guang)等(deng)(deng)特色旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)已(yi)全(quan)面啟動，填補了(le)(le)(le)林(lin)(lin)區(qu)空中觀光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)。目(mu)前，新(xin)(xin)(xin)青(qing)(qing)(qing)森林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產業(ye)正在全(quan)力(li)依托(tuo)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)和(he)“中國(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)(he)之鄉(xiang)(xiang)”的(de)(de)(de)稱譽，深入開(kai)發(fa)森林(lin)(lin)避暑、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)觀鶴(he)(he)(he)、湖(hu)(hu)中泛舟、熱氣球(qiu)觀光(guang)等(deng)(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，突(tu)出(chu)紅色旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、觀光(guang)原(yuan)始(shi)沙金采掘(jue)流(liu)程(cheng)和(he)鄂(e)倫春少數(shu)民(min)族風(feng)情游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)青(qing)(qing)(qing)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特色，打造新(xin)(xin)(xin)青(qing)(qing)(qing)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)牌(pai)，提升(sheng)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)檔(dang)(dang)次(ci)和(he)品(pin)位。力(li)爭經過三年(nian)左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)努力(li)，全(quan)面建(jian)設(she)好國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級新(xin)(xin)(xin)青(qing)(qing)(qing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)鶴(he)(he)(he)公(gong)路沿線觀光(guang)原(yuan)始(shi)沙金采掘(jue)流(liu)程(cheng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點、抗美河(he)(he)水上游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樂園(yuan)等(deng)(deng)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)，叫響“中國(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)(he)之鄉(xiang)(xiang)”這(zhe)個旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)牌(pai)，使新(xin)(xin)(xin)青(qing)(qing)(qing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為伊春市(shi)湯旺河(he)(he)流(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)黃金旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線上又一(yi)個獨具(ju)特色的(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)。并通過加強“吃、住、行、游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、購、娛”六項(xiang)(xiang)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)服務基礎建(jian)設(she)，提升(sheng)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)服務檔(dang)(dang)次(ci)，拉動商貿業(ye)、物(wu)(wu)流(liu)業(ye)和(he)飲服娛樂業(ye)大(da)(da)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、快發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，進而把新(xin)(xin)(xin)青(qing)(qing)(qing)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)商貿服務中心。