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保護區概況

黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江新青白頭鶴(he)國家級(ji)(ji)(ji)自然保護區(qu)(qu)地(di)處黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)，小興安(an)嶺主脈東(dong)(dong)側北(bei)坡，位于(yu)“中(zhong)國白頭鶴(he)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)伊春市豐林(lin)(lin)縣（局(ju)）境內。保護區(qu)(qu)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)與嘉蔭縣接(jie)壤(rang)，東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)與鶴(he)北(bei)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)局(ju)毗鄰，西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)是(shi)湯(tang)旺河林(lin)(lin)業(ye)局(ju)施業(ye)區(qu)(qu)，西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)、南(nan)部(bu)是(shi)新青林(lin)(lin)業(ye)局(ju)施業(ye)區(qu)(qu)。地(di)理(li)坐標為東(dong)(dong)經129°58′29″--130°23′07″，北(bei)緯48°19′21″--48°40′20″。距離(li)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)江省(sheng)(sheng)會哈爾濱470公(gong)里，交通便利。保護區(qu)(qu)始建于(yu)2004年(nian)，2011年(nian)晉升為國家級(ji)(ji)(ji)自然保護區(qu)(qu)，面積62567公(gong)頃，是(shi)伊春市青少(shao)年(nian)科普教育基地(di)。在2009年(nian)被評為省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)先進(jin)集體，在2010年(nian)榮獲省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)資(zi)源監督管理(li)先進(jin)單位。

保(bao)(bao)護區位于(yu)(yu)《全國林業(ye)系(xi)統自然保(bao)(bao)護區體(ti)系(xi)規劃研究》所(suo)列16個中國生物多樣性熱點(dian)地(di)區之一(yi)的(de)(de)吉(ji)林長白山地(di)區內，處于(yu)(yu)我國東北泥炭沼澤(ze)集中分布區，擁有小興安(an)嶺山脈保(bao)(bao)存最完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)多種典(dian)(dian)型濕(shi)地(di)組合(he)，被聯合(he)國教科文組織考察認定為(wei)大面積群落清晰、保(bao)(bao)存完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)典(dian)(dian)型泥碳沼澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)。

保護(hu)區以保護(hu)白頭鶴資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)與(yu)其他珍(zhen)稀瀕危野生(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、北溫帶森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統和濕地生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統及生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)(yang)性、黑龍江流域上游(you)的(de)水源(yuan)涵養(yang)地為保護(hu)對象，是集珍(zhen)稀瀕危野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)保護(hu)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)(yang)性保護(hu)、濕地資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保護(hu)、科學研究(jiu)、宣傳教育、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游(you)與(yu)森(sen)林(lin)可持(chi)續利(li)用等多項功能于(yu)一體的(de)“野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)類型”自然保護(hu)區。

黑龍江(jiang)新青白頭鶴國(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區以“中國(guo)白頭鶴之鄉(xiang)”響譽(yu)國(guo)內(nei)外，有(you)(you)著(zhu)豐富的(de)野生動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源。區內(nei)分布(bu)著(zhu)近90只白頭鶴，約占全球總量的(de)1%。區內(nei)共有(you)(you)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2,354種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174科(ke)(ke)1,011種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括地衣12科(ke)(ke)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)53科(ke)(ke)169種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)14科(ke)(ke)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)93科(ke)(ke)706種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科(ke)(ke)331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)13科(ke)(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)4科(ke)(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)(lei)3科(ke)(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)46科(ke)(ke)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)(lei)15科(ke)(ke)51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲101科(ke)(ke)465種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；土(tu)壤動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)42科(ke)(ke)67種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；真菌(jun)59科(ke)(ke)480種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區內(nei)國(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)紅松、浮(fu)葉慈菇(gu)、紫椴、野大豆、黃(huang)檗、水曲柳等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅰ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)紫貂、原(yuan)麝、白頭鶴、丹(dan)頂鶴、東方白鸛(guan)、金雕6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)駝鹿(lu)、黑熊、馬(ma)鹿(lu)、烏林鸮、蒼鷹、普(pu)通鵟(kuang)、花尾榛雞、白枕鶴等(deng)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，省級一般保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

保護區內群(qun)巒起伏、林(lin)海蒼茫，河流交(jiao)錯，風光(guang)旖旎。春來(lai)山花似(si)火，盛夏河水(shui)如(ru)藍，金秋五彩(cai)繽紛，隆冬銀裝素裹(guo)，鮮明的(de)(de)四(si)季展示(shi)出北(bei)國(guo)獨具的(de)(de)魅(mei)力。區內山青(qing)、水(shui)秀(xiu)、石奇(qi)、林(lin)幽，特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)地(di)理位置、地(di)形地(di)貌和(he)森林(lin)資源形成了獨特(te)的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)景觀，具有豐富的(de)(de)生物多(duo)樣性。在物種組成、區系特(te)征、群(qun)落結(jie)構或生態(tai)系統水(shui)平上，均(jun)反映了小興(xing)(xing)安(an)嶺特(te)色，是小興(xing)(xing)安(an)嶺地(di)區的(de)(de)典型(xing)代(dai)表。

幾(ji)年來(lai)，黑(hei)龍(long)江新青白頭(tou)鶴自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)以建設國(guo)家級保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)為目標，堅(jian)持“生(sheng)態優先、合理利(li)用(yong)、持續發展”的原則，積極開(kai)展資(zi)源保(bao)(bao)護、宣傳教育、科學研究、社區(qu)共管等工作，使以白頭(tou)鶴為主的野(ye)生(sheng)動植(zhi)物資(zi)源和森林、濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系統得到(dao)了(le)有效(xiao)保(bao)(bao)護。積極開(kai)展科學研究，在(zai)國(guo)內首次取(qu)得了(le)在(zai)非繁(fan)殖地(di)(di)已經停(ting)止(zhi)繁(fan)殖的白頭(tou)鶴到(dao)繁(fan)殖地(di)(di)后恢復(fu)繁(fan)殖能力(li)和模擬(ni)野(ye)生(sheng)白頭(tou)鶴繁(fan)殖環境白頭(tou)鶴親(qin)鳥孵(fu)卵育雛的科研成果(guo)，這項科研成果(guo)在(zai)2011年北京林業大學召(zhao)開(kai)的“中國(guo)首屆(jie)自然保(bao)(bao)護論壇”上作為參會論文進行交流。

目(mu)前，保(bao)護區(qu)成立(li)了(le)管(guan)(guan)理局—管(guan)(guan)理站(zhan)—管(guan)(guan)理點(dian)三級管(guan)(guan)理機(ji)構，制(zhi)定和完(wan)善了(le)相應的規章制(zhi)度(du)及保(bao)護條例，為保(bao)護區(qu)的依法保(bao)護和管(guan)(guan)理提供了(le)依據。保(bao)護區(qu)的建設和發展走(zou)上了(le)科(ke)學發展的軌道。

黑龍江新青白頭鶴自然保護區氣候條件

黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)新青白頭鶴自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)屬寒溫(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)風氣候，區(qu)內四季(ji)氣候差異大。同時，由于(yu)常(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)受外高加索、貝加爾湖(hu)冷空氣的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，致(zhi)使該(gai)區(qu)氣候變化(hua)異常(chang)(chang)復雜。氣候特點(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)漫長，氣候干燥(zao)而寒冷；夏(xia)季(ji)較短(duan)(duan)，氣候溫(wen)和多(duo)(duo)(duo)雨；春季(ji)前期(qi)冷，后期(qi)暖，春風大，春霜（終霜）晚；秋(qiu)季(ji)降溫(wen)迅速(su)，秋(qiu)霜（早霜）早，常(chang)(chang)有凍害發生(sheng)。據氣象資料統計，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣溫(wen)-0.5℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)差一(yi)般在70℃以(yi)上，無霜期(qi)110-125天。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥0.0℃積溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2500.6℃，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥5.0℃的(de)積溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2387.7℃，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10.0℃的(de)積溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1993.8℃。該(gai)地區(qu)光照具有明(ming)顯的(de)季(ji)節變化(hua)，冬(dong)(dong)(dong)短(duan)(duan)夏(xia)長，輻射強度冬(dong)(dong)(dong)弱夏(xia)強。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照總時數平均為(wei)(wei)(wei)2268.5小時。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均降水量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)650.7毫米，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水多(duo)(duo)(duo)集中在6、7、8月份(fen)，占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)總降水量(liang)的(de)60%。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)常(chang)(chang)出(chu)現大雪(xue)天氣。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)西南風為(wei)(wei)(wei)最多(duo)(duo)(duo)。風向的(de)季(ji)節變化(hua)明(ming)顯，春季(ji)多(duo)(duo)(duo)西南風，冬(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)多(duo)(duo)(duo)西北風。

豐林縣交通

豐林縣（局）的(de)交通，包括鐵路(lu)和公(gong)路(lu)兩部分。湯林線鐵路(lu)由本區通過，南為紅星(xing)、五營，北是湯旺河。隨著林區經濟的(de)發展，車(che)站的(de)機構日(ri)趨健全，設施逐(zhu)年(nian)完備(bei)。

豐林縣(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路網密布(bu)，包括湯北(bei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路和新青至結源、北(bei)溝(gou)、柳樹河、南(nan)溝(gou)、水(shui)源、笑山(shan)林場的公(gong)(gong)(gong)路，省道伊春--嘉蔭國防(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路由本(ben)區(qu)北(bei)部通過。

保(bao)護區距離豐林縣約(yue)50千米(mi)，通(tong)達公(gong)路為林III級公(gong)路。

新(xin)青(qing)林區地(di)處黑龍(long)江省(sheng)伊(yi)春(chun)市五(wu)營國家森林公園至(zhi)湯旺河國家地(di)質公園、嘉蔭(yin)茅蘭(lan)溝(gou)、龍(long)骨山黃金旅游(you)線(xian)上，距(ju)豐林縣35千米，距(ju)湯旺縣21千米。豐林縣（局(ju)）有湯林線(xian)鐵路(lu)從此(ci)通過，公路(lu)網密布，包(bao)括湯北(bei)(bei)公路(lu)和新(xin)青(qing)至(zhi)結(jie)源、北(bei)(bei)溝(gou)、柳樹河、南溝(gou)、水源、笑(xiao)山林場的公路(lu)，并且(qie)伊(yi)春(chun)——嘉蔭(yin)國防公路(lu)由北(bei)(bei)部通過，交(jiao)通條(tiao)件極為便利。

目前(qian)豐林縣已建設(she)有基本的旅游(you)接待設(she)施，保護區旅游(you)設(she)施建設(she)尚處于起(qi)步階段。

豐林縣正在開發的旅游項目

豐林(lin)縣(xian)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資源(yuan)(yuan)十分豐富，擁有抗聯密營遺址、老(lao)佛山縣(xian)遺址、老(lao)金溝遺址、日偽時(shi)期修(xiu)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)警備路遺址、大面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護野生(sheng)動(dong)物白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)、并有保(bao)(bao)存完好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)片2，858公(gong)頃(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始(shi)紅松母樹(shu)林(lin)等(deng)，可開發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力(li)巨大。近年(nian)來(lai)，豐林(lin)縣(xian)本(ben)著(zhu)生(sheng)態(tai)優先、整體開發(fa)(fa)、突(tu)出重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)、循序漸進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則，加大了(le)(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)力(li)度，專門聘(pin)請國(guo)內旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)規劃設(she)計專家(jia)(jia)，對新(xin)青(qing)(qing)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)和長遠發(fa)(fa)展進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)總(zong)體規劃，著(zhu)力(li)打造(zao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品牌，已(yi)取得初步成效。先后在濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內建(jian)(jian)成了(le)(le)(le)野生(sheng)植物園(yuan)、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)鳥亭、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)景平臺和1360延長米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木棧道。2009年(nian)，為保(bao)(bao)護濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)和濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水量，建(jian)(jian)成了(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)湖。同時(shi)成立了(le)(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)社和熱氣球俱樂部，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)鶴(he)(he)、熱氣球觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)等(deng)特(te)色(se)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)已(yi)全(quan)(quan)面啟動(dong)，填補了(le)(le)(le)林(lin)區空(kong)中(zhong)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白(bai)(bai)。目(mu)(mu)前，新(xin)青(qing)(qing)森林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產(chan)業正(zheng)在全(quan)(quan)力(li)依托國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)和“中(zhong)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)譽，深入開發(fa)(fa)森林(lin)避暑、濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)鶴(he)(he)、湖中(zhong)泛(fan)舟、熱氣球觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)等(deng)生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)，突(tu)出紅色(se)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)原(yuan)始(shi)沙金采掘流(liu)程和鄂倫春(chun)少數民族風情(qing)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等(deng)新(xin)青(qing)(qing)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)特(te)色(se)，打造(zao)新(xin)青(qing)(qing)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品牌，提升(sheng)(sheng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)檔次和品位。力(li)爭(zheng)經過三(san)(san)年(nian)左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力(li)，全(quan)(quan)面建(jian)(jian)設(she)好(hao)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)新(xin)青(qing)(qing)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)、新(xin)鶴(he)(he)公(gong)路沿線(xian)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)原(yuan)始(shi)沙金采掘流(liu)程景點(dian)(dian)、抗美河(he)水上游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)樂園(yuan)等(deng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)景點(dian)(dian)景區，叫(jiao)響“中(zhong)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭鶴(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”這個(ge)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品牌，使新(xin)青(qing)(qing)成為伊春(chun)市湯旺河(he)流(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃金旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)線(xian)上又一個(ge)獨(du)具特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)景區。并通(tong)過加強“吃、住(zhu)、行(xing)、游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、購、娛”六項(xiang)(xiang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)服務基礎(chu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，提升(sheng)(sheng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)服務檔次，拉動(dong)商(shang)貿業、物流(liu)業和飲服娛樂業大發(fa)(fa)展、快發(fa)(fa)展，進(jin)而把新(xin)青(qing)(qing)建(jian)(jian)成旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)商(shang)貿服務中(zhong)心。