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保護區概況

黑龍江新青白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)地(di)處黑龍江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)，小興安嶺主脈東(dong)側北(bei)(bei)坡，位于(yu)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)之鄉”黑龍江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)伊春市豐林縣（局）境(jing)內。保(bao)護區(qu)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)與嘉(jia)蔭(yin)縣接壤，東(dong)南部(bu)與鶴(he)北(bei)(bei)林業局毗鄰，西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)是湯旺河林業局施(shi)業區(qu)，西南部(bu)、南部(bu)是新青林業局施(shi)業區(qu)。地(di)理(li)坐標為東(dong)經129°58′29″--130°23′07″，北(bei)(bei)緯48°19′21″--48°40′20″。距離黑龍江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)會哈爾濱470公里，交(jiao)通便利。保(bao)護區(qu)始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)2004年，2011年晉升(sheng)為國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)，面(mian)積62567公頃，是伊春市青少(shao)年科普教育基地(di)。在2009年被評為省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)先進集體，在2010年榮(rong)獲省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)森林資源監督管(guan)理(li)先進單位。

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)位于《全國(guo)(guo)林業系(xi)(xi)統(tong)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)規劃研究》所列16個(ge)中國(guo)(guo)生物多樣(yang)性熱點地區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)吉林長白山地區(qu)(qu)內，處于我(wo)國(guo)(guo)東北泥(ni)炭沼澤集(ji)中分布區(qu)(qu)，擁有小興(xing)安嶺山脈保(bao)(bao)存最完(wan)整的(de)多種(zhong)典型濕(shi)(shi)地組合(he)，被聯合(he)國(guo)(guo)教科文組織考察認定(ding)為大面積群落清晰(xi)、保(bao)(bao)存完(wan)整的(de)典型泥(ni)碳沼澤濕(shi)(shi)地。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)以保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)白頭(tou)鶴資源與其他(ta)珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)資源、北溫(wen)帶(dai)森林(lin)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)和濕(shi)地生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)及生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性、黑龍江流(liu)域上游的水源涵養地為保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象，是集珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣(yang)性保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、濕(shi)地資源保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、科學研究、宣傳教育、生(sheng)態旅游與森林(lin)可持續(xu)利用等多項功能于(yu)一體(ti)的“野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)類型”自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。

黑龍(long)江新青白(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴國家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)以(yi)“中國白(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴之鄉”響譽國內(nei)外，有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)豐(feng)富的野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)資(zi)源。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)分(fen)布(bu)著(zhu)近90只(zhi)白(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴，約(yue)占全(quan)球總量的1%。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)共有(you)(you)(you)生物(wu)2,354種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)174科1,011種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括地(di)衣12科80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，苔(tai)蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)53科169種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)14科49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)2科7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)93科706種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)81科331種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中魚(yu)類(lei)13科39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)4科8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行(xing)類(lei)3科10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)46科223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獸(shou)類(lei)15科51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲101科465種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；土壤動(dong)(dong)物(wu)42科67種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；真菌59科480種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)國家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)紅松、浮葉慈菇、紫(zi)椴(duan)、野(ye)大豆、黃檗、水曲柳等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)紫(zi)貂、原麝(she)、白(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴、丹頂鶴、東方白(bai)鸛、金雕6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)駝鹿、黑熊、馬(ma)鹿、烏林鸮(xiao)、蒼鷹(ying)、普通(tong)鵟、花尾(wei)榛雞、白(bai)枕(zhen)鶴等42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，省(sheng)級(ji)一般保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

保護區內群巒起伏、林(lin)海蒼茫，河流(liu)交錯，風(feng)光旖(yi)旎(ni)。春來山花似火，盛夏河水如藍，金秋五彩繽(bin)紛，隆(long)冬銀裝(zhuang)素裹，鮮(xian)明的四季展示出北國獨(du)具(ju)的魅力。區內山青(qing)、水秀、石奇、林(lin)幽，特殊的地理位置、地形地貌(mao)和森(sen)林(lin)資(zi)源(yuan)形成了獨(du)特的自然景觀，具(ju)有(you)豐富的生物(wu)多樣(yang)性。在物(wu)種組(zu)成、區系(xi)特征、群落結構或生態系(xi)統水平上(shang)，均反(fan)映了小興安(an)嶺特色，是小興安(an)嶺地區的典型代表(biao)。

幾年(nian)(nian)來，黑龍(long)江新青(qing)白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)以建設國家(jia)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)為目標(biao)，堅(jian)持“生態優先、合(he)理(li)利用、持續(xu)發展(zhan)”的原則，積極開展(zhan)資源保(bao)(bao)(bao)護、宣傳(chuan)教育(yu)、科學(xue)(xue)研究、社區(qu)共管等工(gong)作(zuo)，使(shi)以白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)為主的野生動植物(wu)資源和(he)(he)森林(lin)、濕地(di)生態系統得到了有效(xiao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。積極開展(zhan)科學(xue)(xue)研究，在國內(nei)首次取(qu)得了在非繁殖(zhi)地(di)已經(jing)停止繁殖(zhi)的白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)到繁殖(zhi)地(di)后恢復繁殖(zhi)能(neng)力(li)和(he)(he)模擬野生白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)繁殖(zhi)環境白(bai)頭(tou)鶴(he)親鳥孵卵育(yu)雛(chu)的科研成(cheng)果，這(zhe)項(xiang)科研成(cheng)果在2011年(nian)(nian)北京林(lin)業(ye)大學(xue)(xue)召開的“中國首屆(jie)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護論壇”上作(zuo)為參會論文(wen)進行(xing)交流。

目前，保護(hu)區成立了(le)管(guan)(guan)理局—管(guan)(guan)理站—管(guan)(guan)理點三(san)級管(guan)(guan)理機構，制(zhi)定(ding)和(he)完(wan)善了(le)相應的(de)規章(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)及保護(hu)條例，為保護(hu)區的(de)依法保護(hu)和(he)管(guan)(guan)理提供了(le)依據。保護(hu)區的(de)建(jian)設和(he)發展走上了(le)科學發展的(de)軌道。

黑龍江新青白頭鶴自然保護區氣候條件

黑龍(long)江(jiang)新青白(bai)頭鶴(he)自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬寒溫(wen)帶大(da)(da)(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)，區(qu)(qu)內(nei)四(si)季(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)差(cha)異大(da)(da)(da)。同時，由于(yu)常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)受外(wai)高加索、貝加爾湖(hu)冷(leng)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，致使該區(qu)(qu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)異常(chang)復(fu)雜(za)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點(dian)為冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)漫長，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)干燥而寒冷(leng)；夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)較(jiao)短(duan)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和多(duo)雨(yu)；春季(ji)(ji)(ji)前期冷(leng)，后期暖，春風大(da)(da)(da)，春霜(shuang)(shuang)（終霜(shuang)(shuang)）晚；秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)降(jiang)溫(wen)迅速，秋霜(shuang)(shuang)（早霜(shuang)(shuang)）早，常(chang)有(you)凍害發生。據氣(qi)(qi)(qi)象(xiang)資料(liao)統計，保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-0.5℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)差(cha)一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)70℃以上(shang)，無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期110-125天(tian)。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥0.0℃積溫(wen)為2500.6℃，全年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥5.0℃的(de)(de)(de)積溫(wen)為2387.7℃，全年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10.0℃的(de)(de)(de)積溫(wen)為1993.8℃。該地(di)區(qu)(qu)光照具有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)節變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，冬短(duan)夏(xia)長，輻射強度冬弱夏(xia)強。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照總(zong)時數平均(jun)為2268.5小(xiao)時。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)為650.7毫米，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水多(duo)集中在(zai)(zai)6、7、8月份，占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)降(jiang)水量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)60%。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)常(chang)出現大(da)(da)(da)雪(xue)天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)以西南(nan)風為最(zui)多(duo)。風向的(de)(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)節變(bian)化(hua)(hua)明顯，春季(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)西南(nan)風，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)西北(bei)風。

豐林縣交通

豐林縣（局）的交通，包括鐵路和公路兩(liang)部(bu)分。湯(tang)林線(xian)鐵路由本區通過，南為紅星、五營(ying)，北是(shi)湯(tang)旺河。隨著林區經濟(ji)的發展，車(che)站的機構日趨(qu)健全(quan)，設(she)施逐年完備。

豐林縣公(gong)路(lu)網(wang)密布，包括(kuo)湯北公(gong)路(lu)和新青至結源(yuan)、北溝(gou)、柳樹(shu)河(he)、南(nan)溝(gou)、水源(yuan)、笑(xiao)山林場(chang)的(de)公(gong)路(lu)，省道伊春--嘉蔭國(guo)防公(gong)路(lu)由本(ben)區北部通(tong)過。

保(bao)護區距離豐林縣(xian)約50千米(mi)，通(tong)達公(gong)路(lu)為林III級(ji)公(gong)路(lu)。

新(xin)青林(lin)(lin)區(qu)地處黑龍江省伊春(chun)市五營(ying)國家森林(lin)(lin)公園至(zhi)湯(tang)旺河國家地質公園、嘉(jia)蔭茅蘭(lan)溝、龍骨山黃金旅(lv)游線上(shang)，距豐林(lin)(lin)縣35千(qian)米(mi)，距湯(tang)旺縣21千(qian)米(mi)。豐林(lin)(lin)縣（局）有湯(tang)林(lin)(lin)線鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)從此通(tong)過(guo)，公路(lu)(lu)網密布，包括湯(tang)北(bei)(bei)公路(lu)(lu)和(he)新(xin)青至(zhi)結源(yuan)、北(bei)(bei)溝、柳(liu)樹河、南(nan)溝、水源(yuan)、笑山林(lin)(lin)場(chang)的公路(lu)(lu)，并且伊春(chun)——嘉(jia)蔭國防公路(lu)(lu)由北(bei)(bei)部通(tong)過(guo)，交通(tong)條件極為便(bian)利。

目前豐(feng)林縣已建(jian)設(she)有基本的旅游(you)接待設(she)施，保(bao)護區旅游(you)設(she)施建(jian)設(she)尚處于(yu)起(qi)步階段。

豐林縣正在開發的旅游項目

豐林縣(xian)(xian)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)資源(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)分豐富，擁有抗聯密營遺址、老(lao)佛山縣(xian)(xian)遺址、老(lao)金溝遺址、日偽時期修筑的(de)(de)警備(bei)路遺址、大(da)面(mian)積的(de)(de)濕(shi)地、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)護(hu)野生動物(wu)(wu)白(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)、并有保(bao)存完好的(de)(de)三片2，858公(gong)頃的(de)(de)原始紅松(song)母樹(shu)林等(deng)，可開(kai)(kai)發的(de)(de)潛力(li)(li)巨大(da)。近年來(lai)，豐林縣(xian)(xian)本(ben)著生態(tai)優先、整體開(kai)(kai)發、突出(chu)重點、循序(xu)漸進(jin)的(de)(de)原則，加大(da)了(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發力(li)(li)度，專門聘請國(guo)(guo)內旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)規(gui)劃設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)專家(jia)(jia)，對新(xin)(xin)青國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)濕(shi)地公(gong)園的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)長(chang)遠發展進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)總(zong)體規(gui)劃，著力(li)(li)打造(zao)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)品(pin)牌(pai)，已取(qu)得(de)初步成(cheng)效。先后在濕(shi)地公(gong)園內建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)野生植物(wu)(wu)園、觀(guan)(guan)鳥亭、觀(guan)(guan)景(jing)平臺和(he)(he)(he)1360延(yan)長(chang)米的(de)(de)木棧道(dao)。2009年，為(wei)保(bao)護(hu)濕(shi)地水(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)(he)濕(shi)地水(shui)量，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)了(le)(le)濕(shi)地湖。同時成(cheng)立了(le)(le)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)社和(he)(he)(he)熱氣球俱樂部，濕(shi)地觀(guan)(guan)鶴(he)、熱氣球觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)等(deng)特(te)(te)色旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)項(xiang)目已全(quan)(quan)面(mian)啟動，填(tian)補了(le)(le)林區(qu)(qu)空中觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)的(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)。目前，新(xin)(xin)青森林生態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)產(chan)業正在全(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)依托國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)濕(shi)地公(gong)園和(he)(he)(he)“中國(guo)(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)之(zhi)鄉”的(de)(de)稱譽(yu)，深入開(kai)(kai)發森林避暑、濕(shi)地觀(guan)(guan)鶴(he)、湖中泛舟、熱氣球觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)等(deng)生態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)項(xiang)目，突出(chu)紅色旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)、觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)原始沙金采(cai)掘(jue)流程和(he)(he)(he)鄂倫春(chun)少數(shu)民族風情(qing)游(you)(you)等(deng)新(xin)(xin)青旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)特(te)(te)色，打造(zao)新(xin)(xin)青旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)品(pin)牌(pai)，提升(sheng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)檔(dang)次和(he)(he)(he)品(pin)位。力(li)(li)爭經過三年左(zuo)右的(de)(de)努力(li)(li)，全(quan)(quan)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)好國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)新(xin)(xin)青濕(shi)地公(gong)園、新(xin)(xin)鶴(he)公(gong)路沿線觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)原始沙金采(cai)掘(jue)流程景(jing)點、抗美河水(shui)上游(you)(you)樂園等(deng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)景(jing)點景(jing)區(qu)(qu)，叫響“中國(guo)(guo)白(bai)(bai)頭(tou)(tou)鶴(he)之(zhi)鄉”這個旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)品(pin)牌(pai)，使(shi)新(xin)(xin)青成(cheng)為(wei)伊春(chun)市(shi)湯旺(wang)河流域的(de)(de)黃金旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)線上又一個獨具特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)。并通過加強“吃、住、行(xing)、游(you)(you)、購(gou)、娛”六項(xiang)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)服(fu)務(wu)基礎(chu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，提升(sheng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)服(fu)務(wu)檔(dang)次，拉動商(shang)貿業、物(wu)(wu)流業和(he)(he)(he)飲(yin)服(fu)娛樂業大(da)發展、快發展，進(jin)而(er)把(ba)新(xin)(xin)青建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)商(shang)貿服(fu)務(wu)中心。