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歷史沿革

1982年(nian)，經湖南(nan)省人民政(zheng)府(fu)批準建立八(ba)大公山自然保護區。

1986年，經國務院批準(zhun)為中(zhong)國首批“國家級自然保護區(qu)”。

1990年，經張家(jia)界市人民政(zheng)府批準成立“湖南(nan)八大公(gong)(gong)山(shan)國家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)管理(li)處”。下設一室(shi)四科(ke)六站(zhan)(zhan)兩所，即辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)、財(cai)務科(ke)、資(zi)源保護科(ke)、公(gong)(gong)安(an)消防科(ke)、社(she)區(qu)(qu)共(gong)管科(ke)、杉木(mu)(mu)界管理(li)站(zhan)(zhan)、斗篷山(shan)管理(li)站(zhan)(zhan)、天(tian)平山(shan)管理(li)站(zhan)(zhan)、楠木(mu)(mu)坪檢查站(zhan)(zhan)、病蟲(chong)害防治檢疫(yi)站(zhan)(zhan)、天(tian)平山(shan)原始森林接(jie)待站(zhan)(zhan)、科(ke)研所和派出所。

地理環境

位置

八(ba)大(da)公山國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)位于湖南省桑植縣的(de)北(bei)部(bu)邊(bian)陲，地(di)處(chu)云(yun)貴高(gao)原古陸(lu)塊東北(bei)邊(bian)緣的(de)武陵(ling)山脈的(de)北(bei)端(duan)，地(di)理坐標為東經(jing)109°41'45"-110°09'50"，北(bei)緯29°39 '18"—29°49'48"。

土壤

保(bao)護區(qu)露出地層主要(yao)為古生(sheng)代的(de)寒武(wu)紀(ji)、志留紀(ji)、泥盆(pen)紀(ji)和(he)二迭紀(ji)的(de)地層，基巖(yan)主要(yao)為石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、板巖(yan)和(he)頁巖(yan)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型主要(yao)有山地黃(huang)棕壤(rang)、石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)和(he)山地沼(zhao)澤土(tu)(tu)。其(qi)中山地黃(huang)棕壤(rang)成土(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)板頁巖(yan)、細砂巖(yan)、粉(fen)砂巖(yan)；石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)成土(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)深灰(hui)(hui)色灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、泥質(zhi)灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、豹皮(pi)狀和(he)泥質(zhi)條(tiao)帶灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、瘤狀灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、白(bai)云質(zhi)灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)等。海(hai)拔1000米(mi)以上為山地黃(huang)棕壤(rang)，是(shi)(shi)自然保(bao)護區(qu)分(fen)布面積廣泛的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型。海(hai)拔1000米(mi)以下(xia)為山地黃(huang)壤(rang)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)深厚、肥沃(wo)，但缺磷，呈酸性，pH值5～6之間。

氣候

保護區屬于(yu)亞熱(re)帶山(shan)地濕潤季(ji)風氣(qi)候。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)11.5℃；最(zui)(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)（1月(yue)）平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)0.1℃, 最(zui)(zui)熱(re)月(yue)（7月(yue)）平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫為(wei)(wei)攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)22.8℃，極端最(zui)(zui)低溫度在攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)-10℃～-15℃。無霜期190天(tian)左右；全年積溫攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)3621.6℃。其積溫、最(zui)(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)氣(qi)溫和極端最(zui)(zui)低溫等氣(qi)象(xiang)因子具(ju)有北亞熱(re)帶向(xiang)暖溫帶過渡(du)的氣(qi)候特色。

年平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量為2105.4毫米，最高達(da)2840.1毫米，雨(yu)日(ri)176天(tian)，海(hai)拔每(mei)升(sheng)高100米，平均(jun)增(zeng)加(jia)水(shui)量79.3毫米。是湖(hu)南(nan)三大暴雨(yu)中心(xin)之一，年蒸(zheng)發量400毫米左右，為年降(jiang)水(shui)量的20%，按技術(shu)規(gui)程計算，全年流出的水(shui)量約4.5億立(li)方米。全年相對濕度在90%以上，屬于濕潤地區。全年霧日(ri)數達(da)145天(tian)，年輻射(she)量較低。

地形

八大公山西(xi)(xi)北有(you)鄂(e)西(xi)(xi)山地，再往北有(you)秦(qin)巴山地層(ceng)迭屏障(zhang)，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)為(wei)黔東(dong)高原，東(dong)南(nan)有(you)武(wu)陵、雪(xue)峰山地相(xiang)間突起，東(dong)端(duan)則向洞庭湖區(qu)逐漸(jian)降低，處于一個半輻合狀的(de)(de)群山之間。偏南(nan)濕潤(run)空(kong)氣易進入滯留，凝云致雨的(de)(de)機會(hui)較多，使區(qu)內動(dong)植物在生境上(shang)具有(you)得(de)天獨厚的(de)(de)條件(jian)和優(you)越的(de)(de)地理背景。

面積范圍

八(ba)大公山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保護區東(dong)西長45千米(mi)，南北(bei)寬16千米(mi)。東(dong)與桑植(zhi)縣的(de)龍(long)潭坪鎮接壤，南與芭(ba)茅溪鄉、五(wu)道水鎮、八(ba)大公山(shan)鄉毗(pi)鄰，西與湖南省龍(long)山(shan)縣相(xiang)連，北(bei)與湖北(bei)省宣恩、來鳳、鶴峰毗(pi)鄰。總面積(ji)2萬公頃(qing)。

保護對象

八(ba)大公山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區屬于森林(lin)生(sheng)態類型(xing)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區，是以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶常綠落葉闊(kuo)葉林(lin)和野生(sheng)動物為主的森林(lin)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)類型(xing)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區  八(ba)大公山(shan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區管(guan)轄的重點生(sheng)態公益林(lin)有23468公頃，分天平(ping)山(shan)、杉木界、斗篷山(shan)三大林(lin)區，木材(cai)蓄積量(liang)為110萬立方米(mi)，森林(lin)覆(fu)蓋率達93.4%，是亞(ya)熱(re)帶地區保(bao)(bao)存完(wan)整、面積大的天然(ran)常綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)，并具有獨特的亞(ya)熱(re)帶山(shan)地森林(lin)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)特點。

植物

八大(da)公山國(guo)(guo)家級自然保護(hu)區區內植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類豐富，據調(diao)查(cha)統計，有(you)高等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)216科2408種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級保護(hu)野生植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)珙(gong)桐(tong)(tong)、光葉(xie)珙(gong)桐(tong)(tong)、南方紅(hong)豆杉、紅(hong)豆杉、鐘萼(e)木、銀杏(xing)等(deng)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；屬(shu)(shu)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級保護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；瀕危植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；漸危植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；稀有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；模式標本(ben)產地物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。上述屬(shu)(shu)科植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)，有(you)藥用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1000余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)，有(you)被譽為“四(si)大(da)藥王”的(de)烏(wu)金七、金盤七，還(huan)有(you)竹節人(ren)參、天麻、黃蓮、七葉(xie)一枝花等(deng)一大(da)批(pi)珍貴藥材。還(huan)是(shi)桑(sang)(sang)植(zhi)椴、桑(sang)(sang)植(zhi)吊石(shi)巨苔、桑(sang)(sang)植(zhi)大(da)節竹、修葉(xie)啼蓋蕨(jue)、邊生鱗毛蕨(jue)等(deng)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)模式標本(ben)產地。

八大公山屬(shu)于泛北(bei)(bei)(bei)極(ji)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)，中(zhong)(zhong)國—日(ri)本森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)亞(ya)(ya)區(qu)(qu)的華中(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)組(zu)成以(yi)(yi)(yi)熱帶(dai)亞(ya)(ya)洲植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)溫帶(dai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)、東南(nan)亞(ya)(ya)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及東亞(ya)(ya)——北(bei)(bei)(bei)美植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要成分(fen)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)不僅具(ju)有北(bei)(bei)(bei)亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai)的典型(xing)(xing)特(te)點，而且，還明(ming)顯(xian)反映出亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai)向暖溫帶(dai)過渡的特(te)征。是東亞(ya)(ya)兩大植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)重(zhong)要交匯區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，具(ju)有極(ji)為(wei)重(zhong)要的植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)地(di)(di)(di)理學研(yan)究(jiu)價值。分(fen)布(bu)有中(zhong)(zhong)國種子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)屬(shu)15個地(di)(di)(di)理分(fen)布(bu)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)的14個，含5個植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing)(xing)組(zu)、9個植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing)(xing)、13個植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)亞(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)、19個群(qun)系(xi)(xi)組(zu)，26個群(qun)系(xi)(xi)、36個群(qun)叢 。由于地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)復雜 ，山勢高差(cha)大，生態環(huan)境在(zai)空間形(xing)成多個梯(ti)度，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)具(ju)有明(ming)顯(xian)的植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)分(fen)布(bu)帶(dai)。通過30塊標準(zhun)地(di)(di)(di)27325平方米樣地(di)(di)(di)調查結果表明(ming)：基帶(dai)典型(xing)(xing)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)屬(shu)于中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai)山地(di)(di)(di)常(chang)綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)(lin)；海拔1000米以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)則為(wei)常(chang)綠(lv)、落葉闊葉混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)；山脊部為(wei)山頂(ding)矮(ai)林(lin)(lin)、喬木(mu)樹(shu)種普遍矮(ai)化。據(ju)樣地(di)(di)(di)調查，其主(zhu)(zhu)要類(lei)型(xing)(xing)有：以(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)杉屬(shu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的針闊葉混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)（海拔1500米左(zuo)右）；以(yi)(yi)(yi)原生型(xing)(xing)杉木(mu)林(lin)(lin)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的暖性針葉林(lin)(lin)（海拔1220米）；以(yi)(yi)(yi)亮(liang)葉水(shui)青岡(gang)林(lin)(lin)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的落葉闊葉林(lin)(lin)（海拔1400-1890米）；常(chang)綠(lv)、落葉闊葉林(lin)(lin)(海拔1000-1400米左(zuo)右)如：地(di)(di)(di)錦槭（多脈(mo)青岡(gang)是這個地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)的頂(ding)極(ji)群(qun)落的主(zhu)(zhu)要群(qun)種）；常(chang)綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)(lin)（1000米以(yi)(yi)(yi)下）。

動物

八大公山國家級自然保護區有陸地脊椎動(dong)物21目(mu)64科(ke)(ke)237種(zhong)(zhong)，其中獸類(lei)8目(mu)20科(ke)(ke)45種(zhong)(zhong)、鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)9目(mu)27科(ke)(ke)135種(zhong)(zhong)（留鳥(niao)(niao)97種(zhong)(zhong)、夏候鳥(niao)(niao)20種(zhong)(zhong)、冬候鳥(niao)(niao)18種(zhong)(zhong)）、爬行類(lei)2目(mu)10科(ke)(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)（毒蛇3種(zhong)(zhong)）、兩棲(qi)類(lei)2目(mu)7科(ke)(ke)18種(zhong)(zhong)；有昆蟲22目(mu)177科(ke)(ke)4175種(zhong)(zhong)（其中新種(zhong)(zhong)34個、天敵昆蟲12目(mu)58科(ke)(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)）。

區內(nei)(nei)有國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)點(dian)保護和珍貴瀕危動(dong)物15目28科86種(zhong)，屬國(guo)(guo)家一級保護的(de)有金(jin)錢豹、云豹、林麝、白(bai)冠(guan)長尾雉(zhi)、金(jin)雕等5種(zhong)，二級保護的(de)有獼猴(hou)、毛冠(guan)鹿、蘇(su)門羚(ling)、水鹿、大鯢、紅腹角(jiao)雉(zhi)等51種(zhong)，省重(zhong)點(dian)保護的(de)20種(zhong)、八大公山保護區特有種(zhong)12種(zhong)。1991年(nian)聯合國(guo)(guo)野生動(dong)物基金(jin)會(hui)專家從糞便、足跡上判斷，認定保護區內(nei)(nei)有華南虎。

管理措施

1990年，自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)管(guan)(guan)理處成立后(hou)，不僅物(wu)種種群穩定，自然(ran)演替和更(geng)新狀態良好，且(qie)生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)程度(du)明顯提高。這充(chong)分(fen)說明了(le)建(jian)立保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)并(bing)開展保(bao)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)理之后(hou)，實(shi)現了(le)由“荒山到植被恢復”和“不穩定生(sheng)境(jing)(jing)類型”向“穩定性(xing)生(sheng)境(jing)(jing)類型”轉變(bian)的過(guo)程，從而提高了(le)生(sheng)物(wu)物(wu)種生(sheng)境(jing)(jing)質量，維持了(le)整(zheng)個森林生(sheng)態系統的良性(xing)循環。

基礎設施

管理(li)處成立(li)以來，先后實施了八大公(gong)(gong)山自然保護(hu)區一、二期(qi)基本建設工程。共完成固(gu)定資產(chan)投資1046萬元，修(xiu)(xiu)建3個管理(li)站，1棟(dong)辦公(gong)(gong)樓和1棟(dong)接(jie)待(dai)站，房(fang)屋建筑面積達6700㎡；架設輸(shu)電線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)60公(gong)(gong)里；修(xiu)(xiu)筑林區公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)50公(gong)(gong)里；購置(zhi)車輛、對講機、滅(mie)火(huo)器(qi)具(ju)等巡護(hu)和防火(huo)設備；修(xiu)(xiu)建防火(huo)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)80公(gong)(gong)里，護(hu)林便道(dao)85公(gong)(gong)里；改造低(di)壓線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)56公(gong)(gong)里；修(xiu)(xiu)建防火(huo)了望臺4座；埋設保護(hu)區界樁、界牌187個。

基礎科研

八大公山自然(ran)保護區管理處(chu)成立以來，物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄所記載的物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比1981年調查時增加(jia)了2320種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)593種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，昆蟲(chong)668種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)507種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、真(zhen)菌386種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄更新(xin)(xin)(xin)方(fang)面，植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)增加(jia)湖南新(xin)(xin)(xin)記錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲(chong)發現(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發現(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)屬(shu)1，新(xin)(xin)(xin)增中國(guo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)記錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，真(zhen)菌新(xin)(xin)(xin)增湖南省新(xin)(xin)(xin)記錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。已基本弄清了八大公山國(guo)家自然(ran)保護區國(guo)家重點(dian)(dian)保護物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共有153種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中國(guo)家重點(dian)(dian)保護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家重點(dian)(dian)保護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家一級保護動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分別(bie)為5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

項目建設

實施林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)持(chi)續(xu)(xu)發展、公益(yi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、標(biao)本制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)等(deng)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)持(chi)續(xu)(xu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)不僅為自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)提供了大量(liang)資(zi)金支援(yuan)，還在培養專業(ye)人才(cai)、提高保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管理能力和(he)改善(shan)社(she)區(qu)關(guan)系方面產生了積極影(ying)響，對加速(su)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)的建設進(jin)程(cheng)有著十分重要的現實和(he)歷史意義。公益(yi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)實施后，林(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)農收入得到增加，森林(lin)(lin)(lin)得到有效保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，生態環境明顯(xian)改善(shan)。標(biao)本制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的實施，進(jin)一步提高我區(qu)標(biao)本制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)水平和(he)科(ke)研(yan)能力，為我區(qu)今后科(ke)研(yan)監測(ce)工作(zuo)奠定了堅實的基礎。

宣傳教育

建區(qu)之初，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)邊界糾紛不斷(duan)，亂采(cai)濫(lan)挖，亂捕濫(lan)獵，亂砍濫(lan)伐現象十(shi)分嚴重。管理處借助林(lin)業持續發展，大力開展社(she)區(qu)項目(mu)活動，使周邊社(she)區(qu)的居民在(zai)獲(huo)取(qu)一(yi)定(ding)利益的同時，接受到(dao)了生物多樣(yang)性保(bao)(bao)護(hu)知識(shi)的教育。通過廣(guang)泛宣(xuan)傳(chuan)，還(huan)得到(dao)了縣(xian)委縣(xian)政府對保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)建設工作的極大支持和重視。2007年，建立了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)網站，為擴大知名(ming)度，宣(xuan)傳(chuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)發揮了重要作用。

開發利用

地貌景觀

八大峰(feng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)聳，層巒疊嶂，幽谷深澈，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)千米(mi)以(yi)上的高(gao)(gao)(gao)峰(feng)多達351座(zuo)(zuo)，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1890.4米(mi)，最(zui)低(di)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)395米(mi)，相對高(gao)(gao)(gao)差之大，足見山(shan)(shan)體(ti)之雄偉。從山(shan)(shan)腳向上眺望，一座(zuo)(zuo)座(zuo)(zuo)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)聳云端(duan)，參差迭宕(dang)，如(ru)(ru)黛似煙。漫步林中，鬼斧神(shen)鑿的“一線(xian)天”和“獅子巖”、造型逼真(zhen)的“棋(qi)盤巖”等叫人(ren)凝(ning)神(shen)駐足，流連(lian)忘返(fan)。區內群山(shan)(shan)起伏，奇(qi)峰(feng)突起，40多條山(shan)(shan)脈縱橫(heng)交錯，599座(zuo)(zuo)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)星(xing)羅棋(qi)布(bu)，山(shan)(shan)體(ti)切割強烈，神(shen)奇(qi)的造山(shan)(shan)運(yun)動使有的山(shan)(shan)頭尖(jian)如(ru)(ru)利刃，有的彎如(ru)(ru)牛角，有的直如(ru)(ru)筆桿，有的形如(ru)(ru)牛鞭(bian)。還(huan)有地下溶洞的巖景雄偉壯觀，擬人(ren)擬物，形態逼真(zhen)，天工(gong)巧奪，鬼斧神(shen)工(gong)令(ling)人(ren)稱奇(qi)。

水文景觀

八(ba)大公(gong)山自然保護區(qu)是(shi)澧(li)水(shui)、婁水(shui)和以及湖北清江水(shui)系的(de)(de)發(fa)源地(di)(di)，區(qu)內(nei)溪(xi)溝(gou)縱橫，有大小溪(xi)溝(gou)352條(tiao)，多樣的(de)(de)地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌使區(qu)內(nei)水(shui)域景(jing)觀豐富多姿。瀑(pu)布是(shi)八(ba)大公(gong)山一道亮麗(li)的(de)(de)風景(jing)線，情人瀑(pu)、彩虹瀑(pu)、烏(wu)龍瀑(pu)等521個瀑(pu)布點綴在萬綠叢中，使八(ba)大公(gong)山迷人的(de)(de)景(jing)色更(geng)是(shi)增輝添彩。

八大(da)(da)公山保護區人文旅(lv)游資源(yuan)，主要分(fen)布在(zai)土家(jia)族、白族、苗(miao)族、回族、壯族等少數民(min)(min)(min)(min)族聚居區內。此區域內的(de)(de)各民(min)(min)(min)(min)族原住民(min)(min)(min)(min)和睦相處(chu)，耕耘勞作，在(zai)長期的(de)(de)生(sheng)息繁(fan)衍中形成了各自獨具特色的(de)(de)生(sheng)活方式和民(min)(min)(min)(min)族風情，至(zhi)今還保留了一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)傳統文化和民(min)(min)(min)(min)族風情，如哭嫁、跳(tiao)喪舞、擺手舞、對山歌(ge)、三棒鼓、月辦(ban)節(jie)(jie)、打溜子(zi)、九節(jie)(jie)鞭，還有以吊(diao)腳樓為典型代表的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族建筑，這(zhe)些足以構成一部(bu)(bu)嶄新的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族風情寶典。大(da)(da)革(ge)命時期，這(zhe)里(li)曾是(shi)老一輩無產(chan)階(jie)級革(ge)命家(jia)賀(he)龍、肖(xiao)克、王(wang)震、廖漢生(sheng)、賀(he)錦齋等革(ge)命先(xian)輩浴血奮戰的(de)(de)地方。賀(he)龍元(yuan)帥兩把(ba)菜(cai)刀(dao)鬧革(ge)命，毛埡城堡，江(jiang)西坎剿匪等紀念地舊址(zhi)尚存。

地位價值

八(ba)大(da)公(gong)(gong)山保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)被(bei)國內外專家學(xue)者譽(yu)為(wei)“天然(ran)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館”和(he)“物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)因庫(ku)”，是(shi)目前亞熱帶地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)存完(wan)整(zheng)、面積大(da)常(chang)綠(lv)落葉闊葉混交林原生(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)林區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內有(you)(you)國家保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)153種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家一(yi)(yi)、二(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)珙桐、鐘萼(e)木等(deng)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)特(te)有(you)(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30科，朱蘭(lan)(lan)、石蔸蘭(lan)(lan)等(deng)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)列入(ru)《瀕(bin)危野生(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際(ji)貿易公(gong)(gong)約》，是(shi)桑(sang)植(zhi)椴、桑(sang)植(zhi)大(da)節竹等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)模式標本產地(di)；有(you)(you)國家一(yi)(yi)、二(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)云豹、黑熊等(deng)40余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)特(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尾突角(jiao)蟾、桑(sang)植(zhi)角(jiao)蟾、桑(sang)植(zhi)蛙、華(hua)西雨蛙武陵亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。八(ba)大(da)公(gong)(gong)山保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)1993年被(bei)納(na)入(ru)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國人與生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)圈網絡”；被(bei)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)行動計(ji)劃》列為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)優(you)先保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統名(ming)錄；由聯合國環境規劃署資(zi)助(zhu)完(wan)成的(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)國情(qing)研(yan)究報告(gao)》將其(qi)列為(wei)我國具(ju)有(you)(you)全球(qiu)意義的(de)(de)17個生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)關(guan)鍵地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)；被(bei)世界自(zi)然(ran)基(ji)金會列為(wei)全球(qiu)200個重(zhong)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)；在《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)現狀及其(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)對策》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列為(wei)“具(ju)有(you)(you)國際(ji)意義的(de)(de)陸地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)關(guan)鍵地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”；是(shi)國家級(ji)科技攻關(guan)課(ke)題“我國亞熱帶森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)技術研(yan)究”基(ji)地(di)；還(huan)是(shi)芬蘭(lan)(lan)赫爾辛基(ji)大(da)學(xue)的(de)(de)教學(xue)實習基(ji)地(di)和(he)全球(qiu)環境基(ji)金贈款實施的(de)(de)“林業持續發(fa)展項(xiang)目”區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。

1986年經(jing)國務院批準(zhun)為我國首批“國家級自然保(bao)護區”，也(ye)是(shi)湖南省第一(yi)個(ge)、張家界市一(yi)個(ge)國家級自然保(bao)護區。保(bao)護區的建立，對研究亞熱帶森林發(fa)生(sheng)發(fa)展(zhan)規律和保(bao)護珍稀瀕危(wei)動(dong)植(zhi)物具重要的科(ke)學(xue)價值(zhi)。