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歷史沿革

1982年，經湖(hu)南省人民政府批準建立(li)八大(da)公(gong)山自然保護區。

1986年(nian)，經國(guo)務院批準為(wei)中國(guo)首批“國(guo)家級自然保護區”。

1990年，經張家(jia)界市人民政府(fu)批準(zhun)成立“湖南八大(da)公(gong)(gong)山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保護(hu)區(qu)管(guan)理(li)處”。下設一室四科六站(zhan)兩所(suo)，即辦公(gong)(gong)室、財務(wu)科、資源保護(hu)科、公(gong)(gong)安(an)消防(fang)科、社區(qu)共管(guan)科、杉(shan)木界管(guan)理(li)站(zhan)、斗(dou)篷山(shan)管(guan)理(li)站(zhan)、天(tian)平(ping)山(shan)管(guan)理(li)站(zhan)、楠木坪檢查站(zhan)、病(bing)蟲害防(fang)治檢疫站(zhan)、天(tian)平(ping)山(shan)原始森林接待站(zhan)、科研所(suo)和派出所(suo)。

地理環境

位置

八(ba)大公山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區位于湖南省(sheng)桑植縣的(de)北部邊(bian)陲，地處云貴高原古陸(lu)塊東北邊(bian)緣(yuan)的(de)武陵山(shan)脈的(de)北端(duan)，地理坐(zuo)標為東經109°41'45"-110°09'50"，北緯(wei)29°39 '18"—29°49'48"。

土壤

保(bao)護(hu)區露出地(di)層主要(yao)(yao)(yao)為古生代的(de)寒(han)武紀(ji)(ji)、志留紀(ji)(ji)、泥(ni)盆紀(ji)(ji)和二迭(die)紀(ji)(ji)的(de)地(di)層，基(ji)巖(yan)(yan)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)為石灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)、板巖(yan)(yan)和頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型主要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)山地(di)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)、石灰(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)和山地(di)沼澤土(tu)(tu)。其(qi)中山地(di)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)板頁(ye)巖(yan)(yan)、細砂巖(yan)(yan)、粉砂巖(yan)(yan)；石灰(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)深灰(hui)(hui)色灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)、泥(ni)質灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)、豹皮狀(zhuang)和泥(ni)質條帶灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)、瘤(liu)狀(zhuang)灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)、白云(yun)質灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)等。海(hai)拔1000米以上為山地(di)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)，是(shi)自然保(bao)護(hu)區分布面積廣泛的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型。海(hai)拔1000米以下為山地(di)黃(huang)壤(rang)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)深厚、肥(fei)沃，但缺(que)磷，呈酸性，pH值5～6之間。

氣候

保護區屬于亞(ya)熱(re)帶山地濕潤季風氣候。年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為攝(she)氏11.5℃；最(zui)冷(leng)(leng)月（1月）平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)攝(she)氏0.1℃, 最(zui)熱(re)月（7月）平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為攝(she)氏22.8℃，極(ji)端最(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度在(zai)攝(she)氏-10℃～-15℃。無霜期190天(tian)左右；全年積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)攝(she)氏3621.6℃。其積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、最(zui)冷(leng)(leng)月氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和極(ji)端最(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)等氣象(xiang)因子具有北亞(ya)熱(re)帶向暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶過(guo)渡的(de)氣候特色(se)。

年(nian)平均降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)2105.4毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)，最高達2840.1毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)，雨日(ri)176天，海(hai)拔每升高100米(mi)(mi)(mi)，平均增(zeng)加水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)79.3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)。是湖南三(san)大暴雨中(zhong)心(xin)之一，年(nian)蒸發量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)400毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)，為(wei)年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的20%，按技術規(gui)程計算，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)流出的水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約4.5億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)相對濕度在90%以上(shang)，屬(shu)于濕潤地區。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)霧(wu)日(ri)數達145天，年(nian)輻射量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較低。

地形

八大公山(shan)西北(bei)有鄂西山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)，再往北(bei)有秦(qin)巴(ba)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)迭屏障(zhang)，西南(nan)為(wei)黔東高原(yuan)，東南(nan)有武陵、雪峰山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)相間突起，東端(duan)則向(xiang)洞庭湖(hu)區逐漸降低，處于一個半輻合狀的群山(shan)之間。偏南(nan)濕潤(run)空(kong)氣易進入滯留，凝云(yun)致雨(yu)的機會較多(duo)，使區內(nei)動植(zhi)物在(zai)生境(jing)上(shang)具有得天獨厚的條件和(he)優越的地(di)(di)(di)理(li)背景。

面積范圍

八大公(gong)山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保護區東西(xi)長45千米，南北寬16千米。東與桑植縣的龍(long)潭坪(ping)鎮接壤，南與芭茅溪鄉(xiang)、五道水鎮、八大公(gong)山(shan)鄉(xiang)毗(pi)鄰，西(xi)與湖(hu)南省龍(long)山(shan)縣相連(lian)，北與湖(hu)北省宣(xuan)恩、來鳳、鶴峰(feng)毗(pi)鄰。總(zong)面積2萬公(gong)頃。

保護對象

八大(da)(da)公(gong)山(shan)國家級自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區屬于森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)類型自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區，是以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)亞熱(re)帶常綠落葉闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)和野生(sheng)動物為主的(de)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)類型自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區  八大(da)(da)公(gong)山(shan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區管轄(xia)的(de)重點(dian)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)公(gong)益(yi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)有23468公(gong)頃，分天平山(shan)、杉木(mu)界(jie)、斗篷山(shan)三大(da)(da)林(lin)(lin)(lin)區，木(mu)材蓄積量為110萬(wan)立方(fang)米，森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達(da)93.4%，是亞熱(re)帶地區保(bao)(bao)存(cun)完整(zheng)、面(mian)積大(da)(da)的(de)天然(ran)(ran)常綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)，并具有獨特(te)的(de)亞熱(re)帶山(shan)地森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)特(te)點(dian)。

植物

八大(da)公山(shan)國(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區區內植物(wu)種(zhong)類豐富，據調查統計，有(you)高(gao)等植物(wu)216科2408種(zhong)。其(qi)中，屬國(guo)家Ⅰ級保(bao)護(hu)野生植物(wu)有(you)珙桐、光(guang)葉珙桐、南方紅(hong)豆杉、紅(hong)豆杉、鐘(zhong)萼木(mu)、銀杏等6種(zhong)；屬國(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)護(hu)植物(wu)29種(zhong)；瀕(bin)危(wei)植物(wu)2種(zhong)；漸危(wei)植物(wu)21種(zhong)；稀有(you)植物(wu)16種(zhong)；模式標本產(chan)地(di)物(wu)種(zhong)5種(zhong)。上述屬科植物(wu)中，有(you)藥(yao)用植物(wu)1000余種(zhong)，其(qi)中，有(you)被譽為“四大(da)藥(yao)王(wang)”的烏金(jin)七、金(jin)盤七，還(huan)有(you)竹(zhu)節人(ren)參、天麻、黃蓮、七葉一(yi)枝(zhi)花(hua)等一(yi)大(da)批珍貴藥(yao)材(cai)。還(huan)是(shi)桑植椴(duan)、桑植吊石巨(ju)苔、桑植大(da)節竹(zhu)、修葉啼(ti)蓋蕨、邊生鱗毛蕨等5種(zhong)植物(wu)新(xin)種(zhong)的模式標本產(chan)地(di)。

八大(da)公山(shan)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)泛北極(ji)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)，中國—日(ri)本森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)區(qu)的(de)華中區(qu)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)組(zu)成以(yi)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)洲植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)、北溫帶(dai)(dai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)、東南(nan)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)，以(yi)及東亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)——北美(mei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)為(wei)主要成分(fen)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)不僅具有(you)北亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)典型(xing)(xing)特點，而且，還明顯反(fan)映出(chu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)向暖溫帶(dai)(dai)過(guo)渡的(de)特征。是(shi)(shi)東亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)兩(liang)大(da)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)區(qu)系(xi)重(zhong)要交匯區(qu)域，具有(you)極(ji)為(wei)重(zhong)要的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物地理(li)學研究價值。分(fen)布(bu)有(you)中國種子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物屬(shu)15個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)地理(li)分(fen)布(bu)類型(xing)(xing)中的(de)14個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)，含5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing)組(zu)、9個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing)、13個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)、19個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)群(qun)系(xi)組(zu)，26個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)群(qun)系(xi)、36個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)群(qun)叢 。由于(yu)(yu)地形復雜 ，山(shan)勢(shi)高(gao)差大(da)，生(sheng)態(tai)環境在空間形成多個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)梯度，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)具有(you)明顯的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物分(fen)布(bu)帶(dai)(dai)。通過(guo)30塊標(biao)準地27325平方(fang)米(mi)樣地調查結果表(biao)明：基帶(dai)(dai)典型(xing)(xing)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)中亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)山(shan)地常(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林(lin)；海拔(ba)(ba)1000米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)則為(wei)常(chang)綠(lv)、落葉闊(kuo)(kuo)葉混交林(lin)；山(shan)脊部為(wei)山(shan)頂矮(ai)林(lin)、喬木樹種普遍矮(ai)化。據樣地調查，其主要類型(xing)(xing)有(you)：以(yi)鐵杉(shan)屬(shu)為(wei)主的(de)針闊(kuo)(kuo)葉混交林(lin)（海拔(ba)(ba)1500米(mi)左右(you)）；以(yi)原生(sheng)型(xing)(xing)杉(shan)木林(lin)為(wei)主的(de)暖性(xing)針葉林(lin)（海拔(ba)(ba)1220米(mi)）；以(yi)亮葉水(shui)青岡林(lin)為(wei)主的(de)落葉闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林(lin)（海拔(ba)(ba)1400-1890米(mi)）；常(chang)綠(lv)、落葉闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林(lin)(海拔(ba)(ba)1000-1400米(mi)左右(you))如：地錦槭(qi)（多脈青岡是(shi)(shi)這個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)地帶(dai)(dai)的(de)頂極(ji)群(qun)落的(de)主要群(qun)種）；常(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉林(lin)（1000米(mi)以(yi)下）。

動物

八大公山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區有陸地(di)脊椎動物21目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)64科(ke)(ke)237種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中獸類8目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)20科(ke)(ke)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥(niao)類9目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)27科(ke)(ke)135種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（留鳥(niao)97種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、夏候鳥(niao)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、冬候鳥(niao)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、爬行(xing)類2目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)10科(ke)(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（毒(du)蛇3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）、兩棲類2目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)7科(ke)(ke)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有昆蟲22目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)177科(ke)(ke)4175種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（其中新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)34個、天敵昆蟲12目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)58科(ke)(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。

區(qu)(qu)內有(you)國家重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和珍貴瀕危動物(wu)15目28科86種(zhong)，屬國家一級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)有(you)金(jin)錢豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、林麝(she)、白冠長尾雉、金(jin)雕等5種(zhong)，二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)有(you)獼猴、毛冠鹿、蘇門羚(ling)、水鹿、大鯢、紅腹角雉等51種(zhong)，省重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)20種(zhong)、八(ba)大公山保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)特有(you)種(zhong)12種(zhong)。1991年(nian)聯(lian)合國野生動物(wu)基金(jin)會專家從糞便、足跡上判斷(duan)，認(ren)定保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內有(you)華南虎(hu)。

管理措施

1990年，自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)管理處(chu)成立(li)后，不(bu)僅物種種群穩定(ding)，自然(ran)演替和更(geng)新狀態(tai)(tai)良好，且生物多樣性程度明顯(xian)提(ti)高(gao)。這充分說明了建立(li)保護(hu)區(qu)并開展保護(hu)管理之后，實現了由“荒山到(dao)植被恢復”和“不(bu)穩定(ding)生境類(lei)型(xing)”向“穩定(ding)性生境類(lei)型(xing)”轉(zhuan)變的(de)過程，從而提(ti)高(gao)了生物物種生境質量(liang)，維持了整個森(sen)林生態(tai)(tai)系統的(de)良性循環。

基礎設施

管理(li)處成(cheng)立(li)以(yi)來(lai)，先后實施了八大公山自然(ran)保護(hu)區一、二期基本建設(she)工程。共完成(cheng)固定資(zi)產投資(zi)1046萬元，修(xiu)(xiu)建3個管理(li)站(zhan)，1棟辦公樓(lou)和1棟接(jie)待站(zhan)，房屋建筑面積達6700㎡；架設(she)輸(shu)電線(xian)路60公里(li)；修(xiu)(xiu)筑林區公路50公里(li)；購置車輛、對(dui)講機(ji)、滅火(huo)器具(ju)等巡護(hu)和防火(huo)設(she)備；修(xiu)(xiu)建防火(huo)線(xian)路80公里(li)，護(hu)林便道(dao)85公里(li)；改(gai)造低壓線(xian)路56公里(li)；修(xiu)(xiu)建防火(huo)了望臺4座；埋設(she)保護(hu)區界(jie)樁、界(jie)牌187個。

基礎科研

八大公山自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區管(guan)理(li)處成立以來，物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄所記載的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)1981年調(diao)查(cha)時增(zeng)(zeng)加了2320種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)593種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),脊(ji)椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，昆蟲(chong)668種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨(jue)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)507種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、真(zhen)菌386種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄更新(xin)方(fang)面，植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)加湖南(nan)新(xin)記錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲(chong)發(fa)現新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發(fa)現新(xin)屬1，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)中國(guo)新(xin)記錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，真(zhen)菌新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)湖南(nan)省新(xin)記錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。已基本弄(nong)清了八大公山國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共有153種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)一級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)別為(wei)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

項目建設

實(shi)(shi)施林業持(chi)續發展(zhan)、公(gong)益(yi)林保護(hu)、標(biao)本(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)作等項(xiang)目。林業持(chi)續項(xiang)目不僅為自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)提(ti)供了大量資金支援，還在培養專業人才、提(ti)高(gao)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)保護(hu)管理(li)能(neng)力和改善社區(qu)(qu)關系(xi)方面產生了積極影響，對加速保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)建設(she)進程(cheng)有著十分重(zhong)要的(de)現實(shi)(shi)和歷史意義。公(gong)益(yi)林保護(hu)項(xiang)目實(shi)(shi)施后(hou)，林區(qu)(qu)林農收入得到增加，森(sen)林得到有效保護(hu)，生態環(huan)境明顯改善。標(biao)本(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)作項(xiang)目的(de)實(shi)(shi)施，進一步提(ti)高(gao)我(wo)(wo)區(qu)(qu)標(biao)本(ben)制(zhi)(zhi)作水平和科研能(neng)力，為我(wo)(wo)區(qu)(qu)今后(hou)科研監(jian)測工作奠定了堅實(shi)(shi)的(de)基礎。

宣傳教育

建區(qu)(qu)(qu)之初(chu)，保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)邊界糾(jiu)紛不斷，亂采濫(lan)挖，亂捕濫(lan)獵，亂砍濫(lan)伐現(xian)象(xiang)十分嚴重。管(guan)理處借助(zhu)林業持續發(fa)展，大力開展社(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)項目活動，使周邊社(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的居民在獲取一定利益的同時(shi)，接受到了(le)生物多樣(yang)性保護(hu)(hu)知識的教育。通過廣(guang)泛宣傳(chuan)，還(huan)得到了(le)縣委縣政府對(dui)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建設工作(zuo)的極大支持和重視。2007年，建立了(le)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)網站，為擴(kuo)大知名度(du)，宣傳(chuan)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)發(fa)揮(hui)了(le)重要作(zuo)用。

開發利用

地貌景觀

八大峰(feng)(feng)(feng)高(gao)(gao)聳，層巒疊嶂(zhang)，幽谷(gu)深澈(che)，海(hai)拔(ba)千米(mi)以上的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)多達351座(zuo)，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)1890.4米(mi)，最(zui)低海(hai)拔(ba)395米(mi)，相對高(gao)(gao)差(cha)之大，足見(jian)山(shan)體之雄偉(wei)。從山(shan)腳向上眺望，一(yi)座(zuo)座(zuo)山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)高(gao)(gao)聳云(yun)端，參差(cha)迭(die)宕(dang)，如(ru)黛(dai)似煙。漫步林中，鬼斧(fu)神(shen)(shen)鑿的(de)(de)“一(yi)線天”和“獅子(zi)巖”、造(zao)型逼真的(de)(de)“棋盤(pan)巖”等叫(jiao)人凝神(shen)(shen)駐足，流連忘返。區(qu)內群山(shan)起(qi)伏，奇(qi)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)突起(qi)，40多條山(shan)脈縱(zong)橫交錯，599座(zuo)山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)星羅棋布，山(shan)體切(qie)割強烈，神(shen)(shen)奇(qi)的(de)(de)造(zao)山(shan)運動使(shi)有的(de)(de)山(shan)頭尖如(ru)利刃，有的(de)(de)彎如(ru)牛(niu)(niu)角，有的(de)(de)直如(ru)筆桿，有的(de)(de)形(xing)如(ru)牛(niu)(niu)鞭。還有地下溶洞的(de)(de)巖景雄偉(wei)壯(zhuang)觀，擬(ni)人擬(ni)物，形(xing)態(tai)逼真，天工巧奪，鬼斧(fu)神(shen)(shen)工令人稱(cheng)奇(qi)。

水文景觀

八大(da)公山(shan)自然保護區(qu)是澧水(shui)、婁水(shui)和以(yi)及湖北清江水(shui)系的發源地(di)，區(qu)內(nei)溪(xi)溝(gou)縱橫，有大(da)小(xiao)溪(xi)溝(gou)352條，多(duo)(duo)樣的地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)使(shi)區(qu)內(nei)水(shui)域景觀豐富多(duo)(duo)姿。瀑(pu)布是八大(da)公山(shan)一道亮(liang)麗的風景線，情人(ren)瀑(pu)、彩(cai)虹瀑(pu)、烏龍瀑(pu)等521個(ge)瀑(pu)布點(dian)綴(zhui)在萬綠(lv)叢中(zhong)，使(shi)八大(da)公山(shan)迷人(ren)的景色(se)更(geng)是增(zeng)輝添彩(cai)。

八大(da)(da)公山保護區(qu)人(ren)文旅游(you)資源，主要(yao)分(fen)布在土家族(zu)(zu)(zu)、白族(zu)(zu)(zu)、苗族(zu)(zu)(zu)、回(hui)族(zu)(zu)(zu)、壯(zhuang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)等少數民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)聚居區(qu)內。此(ci)區(qu)域(yu)內的各民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)原住民(min)(min)和睦相處，耕耘勞作，在長期(qi)的生(sheng)息繁衍中(zhong)形成了(le)各自獨具特(te)色的生(sheng)活方式和民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)風情，至今還(huan)保留了(le)一部(bu)分(fen)傳統(tong)文化和民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)風情，如哭嫁、跳喪舞、擺(bai)手舞、對(dui)山歌、三棒鼓、月辦節(jie)、打溜子、九節(jie)鞭，還(huan)有以吊(diao)腳樓(lou)為典(dian)型代表的民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)建筑，這些(xie)足以構成一部(bu)嶄新的民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)風情寶典(dian)。大(da)(da)革(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)時期(qi)，這里曾是老(lao)一輩無產階級革(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)家賀龍、肖克、王震(zhen)、廖漢生(sheng)、賀錦齋等革(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)先輩浴(yu)血奮戰(zhan)的地方。賀龍元帥兩把菜刀鬧革(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)，毛埡城堡，江西坎剿匪等紀念(nian)地舊址尚存(cun)。

地位價值

八大公(gong)山保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)國(guo)內外專家(jia)學者(zhe)譽為“天然(ran)博物(wu)(wu)館”和“物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)因庫”，是(shi)目前亞(ya)熱帶地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存完整、面積大常綠落葉闊葉混交林(lin)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)林(lin)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。區(qu)(qu)內有(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)153種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)一(yi)、二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)珙桐、鐘萼木等23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)特(te)有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30科，朱蘭(lan)、石蔸蘭(lan)等45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)(bei)(bei)列(lie)入(ru)《瀕危野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際(ji)貿易公(gong)約(yue)》，是(shi)桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)椴、桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)大節竹等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)模式標(biao)本產地(di)(di)(di)；有(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)一(yi)、二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)云豹、黑熊等40余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)特(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尾突(tu)角(jiao)蟾、桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)蟾、桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)蛙、華(hua)西雨蛙武陵亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。八大公(gong)山保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)1993年被(bei)(bei)(bei)納入(ru)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)圈網(wang)絡”；被(bei)(bei)(bei)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護行(xing)動(dong)計劃》列(lie)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)優先(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)名錄；由聯合國(guo)環(huan)境規(gui)劃署(shu)資助完成的(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)國(guo)情研究(jiu)報告》將(jiang)其列(lie)為我國(guo)具(ju)有(you)(you)全(quan)球意義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)17個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)關鍵(jian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)；被(bei)(bei)(bei)世界(jie)自然(ran)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)會(hui)列(lie)為全(quan)球200個重要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)；在《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)現狀及其保(bao)(bao)(bao)護對策》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列(lie)為“具(ju)有(you)(you)國(guo)際(ji)意義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)陸(lu)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)關鍵(jian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)”；是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)科技攻關課題“我國(guo)亞(ya)熱帶森林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護技術研究(jiu)”基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)；還是(shi)芬蘭(lan)赫爾辛基(ji)(ji)大學的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學實習基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)和全(quan)球環(huan)境基(ji)(ji)金(jin)(jin)贈款(kuan)實施的(de)(de)(de)“林(lin)業持續發展項(xiang)目”區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。

1986年經國(guo)務(wu)院批準為我國(guo)首批“國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)”，也是湖南省第一個(ge)、張(zhang)家(jia)界市一個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的建(jian)立，對研究亞熱帶森林(lin)發生(sheng)發展(zhan)規律和保(bao)護(hu)珍稀瀕危(wei)動植物具(ju)重要的科學價(jia)值。