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歷史沿革

1982年，經湖南省人(ren)民政府批準(zhun)建立八大公(gong)山自然(ran)保護區。

1986年，經(jing)國(guo)務(wu)院批準為中國(guo)首(shou)批“國(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區”。

1990年，經張(zhang)家界市人民政府批準成立“湖南八大公山國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區管(guan)理(li)(li)處”。下(xia)設一室四科(ke)(ke)六站(zhan)兩所(suo)，即辦(ban)公室、財(cai)務科(ke)(ke)、資源保護科(ke)(ke)、公安消防(fang)科(ke)(ke)、社區共(gong)管(guan)科(ke)(ke)、杉木界管(guan)理(li)(li)站(zhan)、斗篷山管(guan)理(li)(li)站(zhan)、天平山管(guan)理(li)(li)站(zhan)、楠木坪檢查站(zhan)、病蟲害(hai)防(fang)治檢疫站(zhan)、天平山原始森林接待站(zhan)、科(ke)(ke)研所(suo)和派(pai)出所(suo)。

地理環境

位置

八大(da)公山(shan)國家級自然保護區位(wei)于湖南省桑植(zhi)縣的(de)(de)北(bei)部(bu)邊(bian)陲，地(di)處云貴高原古(gu)陸塊(kuai)東北(bei)邊(bian)緣的(de)(de)武陵山(shan)脈的(de)(de)北(bei)端，地(di)理坐標為(wei)東經(jing)109°41'45"-110°09'50"，北(bei)緯(wei)29°39 '18"—29°49'48"。

土壤

保(bao)護區露出(chu)地層(ceng)(ceng)主要(yao)為(wei)古生代(dai)的寒武紀、志(zhi)留紀、泥(ni)盆紀和二迭紀的地層(ceng)(ceng)，基巖(yan)(yan)(yan)主要(yao)為(wei)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、板(ban)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型主要(yao)有山(shan)地黃(huang)棕壤(rang)、石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和山(shan)地沼澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)。其中山(shan)地黃(huang)棕壤(rang)成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)(yan)主要(yao)是(shi)板(ban)頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、細砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、粉砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)；石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)(yan)主要(yao)是(shi)深灰(hui)(hui)色灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、泥(ni)質灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、豹(bao)皮狀和泥(ni)質條帶灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、瘤狀灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、白云(yun)質灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)等。海拔1000米(mi)以上為(wei)山(shan)地黃(huang)棕壤(rang)，是(shi)自然保(bao)護區分布面(mian)積廣泛(fan)的土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型。海拔1000米(mi)以下(xia)為(wei)山(shan)地黃(huang)壤(rang)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)深厚(hou)、肥沃，但缺磷，呈酸(suan)性，pH值5～6之(zhi)間(jian)。

氣候

保護區屬于亞(ya)熱帶(dai)山(shan)地濕潤季風氣候。年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)攝(she)氏(shi)11.5℃；最(zui)冷(leng)(leng)月(yue)（1月(yue)）平均氣溫(wen)(wen)攝(she)氏(shi)0.1℃, 最(zui)熱月(yue)（7月(yue)）平均氣溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)攝(she)氏(shi)22.8℃，極(ji)端最(zui)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)度在攝(she)氏(shi)-10℃～-15℃。無霜(shuang)期(qi)190天(tian)左右；全年(nian)積溫(wen)(wen)攝(she)氏(shi)3621.6℃。其積溫(wen)(wen)、最(zui)冷(leng)(leng)月(yue)氣溫(wen)(wen)和(he)極(ji)端最(zui)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)等氣象因子具有(you)北亞(ya)熱帶(dai)向暖溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)過渡的氣候特色。

年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)2105.4毫(hao)米(mi)，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)達(da)2840.1毫(hao)米(mi)，雨(yu)日176天(tian)，海拔每升高(gao)(gao)100米(mi)，平(ping)均(jun)增(zeng)加水(shui)量(liang)79.3毫(hao)米(mi)。是湖南三大暴雨(yu)中(zhong)心之一，年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)400毫(hao)米(mi)左(zuo)右，為(wei)年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)的20%，按技(ji)術規程計算，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)流出的水(shui)量(liang)約4.5億立(li)方米(mi)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)相對濕(shi)度在90%以上(shang)，屬于濕(shi)潤地(di)區。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)霧日數達(da)145天(tian)，年(nian)(nian)輻(fu)射(she)量(liang)較低。

地形

八大公山西(xi)北有(you)鄂西(xi)山地(di)，再往北有(you)秦(qin)巴山地(di)層(ceng)迭屏障(zhang)，西(xi)南為黔東高原，東南有(you)武陵、雪峰山地(di)相間突(tu)起，東端則向洞庭湖區逐漸降(jiang)低，處于一(yi)個半輻合狀(zhuang)的(de)群山之間。偏南濕潤(run)空氣易進入滯留，凝(ning)云致雨的(de)機會較多，使區內動植物在生境(jing)上具有(you)得天獨厚(hou)的(de)條件(jian)和優越的(de)地(di)理背景。

面積范圍

八(ba)大(da)公山(shan)國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區東西(xi)(xi)長45千米，南(nan)北寬16千米。東與桑植縣的龍潭坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)接(jie)壤，南(nan)與芭茅溪鄉(xiang)、五道(dao)水鎮(zhen)(zhen)、八(ba)大(da)公山(shan)鄉(xiang)毗鄰，西(xi)(xi)與湖南(nan)省(sheng)龍山(shan)縣相(xiang)連，北與湖北省(sheng)宣恩、來鳳(feng)、鶴(he)峰毗鄰。總面積2萬公頃。

保護對象

八(ba)大公山(shan)(shan)國家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬于森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生態類型自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)，是(shi)以保護(hu)亞熱帶(dai)常(chang)綠(lv)落葉(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)和(he)野生動物為主的(de)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生態系統類型自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)  八(ba)大公山(shan)(shan)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)管轄的(de)重點(dian)生態公益(yi)林(lin)(lin)有23468公頃，分天(tian)平山(shan)(shan)、杉(shan)木(mu)界、斗篷(peng)山(shan)(shan)三大林(lin)(lin)區(qu)(qu)，木(mu)材蓄積量為110萬立(li)方米(mi)，森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達93.4%，是(shi)亞熱帶(dai)地區(qu)(qu)保存(cun)完(wan)整(zheng)、面積大的(de)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)常(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)，并具有獨特的(de)亞熱帶(dai)山(shan)(shan)地森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生態系統特點(dian)。

植物

八大公山國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保護(hu)區區內植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)豐富(fu)，據調查統(tong)計，有(you)高等(deng)(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)216科2408種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)，屬(shu)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保護(hu)野生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)珙桐、光葉(xie)(xie)珙桐、南方紅豆杉、紅豆杉、鐘萼木、銀杏等(deng)(deng)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；屬(shu)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；瀕危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；漸危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；稀(xi)有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；模式(shi)標(biao)本產(chan)地(di)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。上(shang)述屬(shu)科植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)，有(you)藥用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1000余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)，有(you)被譽為(wei)“四(si)大藥王”的烏金七(qi)(qi)、金盤七(qi)(qi)，還有(you)竹(zhu)節(jie)人參(can)、天麻、黃蓮、七(qi)(qi)葉(xie)(xie)一(yi)枝花等(deng)(deng)一(yi)大批珍貴藥材。還是桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)椴、桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吊石巨(ju)苔(tai)、桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大節(jie)竹(zhu)、修葉(xie)(xie)啼(ti)蓋蕨、邊(bian)生鱗毛(mao)蕨等(deng)(deng)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的模式(shi)標(biao)本產(chan)地(di)。

八(ba)大公山(shan)屬(shu)(shu)于泛北極(ji)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，中(zhong)國—日本森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)亞(ya)(ya)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)華中(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)組(zu)成(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)亞(ya)(ya)洲(zhou)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)、北溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)、東(dong)南亞(ya)(ya)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)——北美植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要成(cheng)分。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)不僅具有(you)(you)北亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)特點，而且，還(huan)明顯反映出(chu)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)向(xiang)暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)過(guo)渡(du)的(de)(de)(de)特征。是(shi)(shi)東(dong)亞(ya)(ya)兩大植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)重要交匯區(qu)(qu)(qu)域，具有(you)(you)極(ji)為重要的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)地(di)理學研究價值。分布有(you)(you)中(zhong)國種子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)屬(shu)(shu)15個(ge)地(di)理分布類型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)14個(ge)，含5個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing)組(zu)、9個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)(xing)、13個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)亞(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)、19個(ge)群系(xi)(xi)組(zu)，26個(ge)群系(xi)(xi)、36個(ge)群叢 。由于地(di)形復雜 ，山(shan)勢高差大，生態環境在空間形成(cheng)多(duo)個(ge)梯度，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)具有(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)分布帶(dai)(dai)(dai)。通過(guo)30塊標準地(di)27325平方米樣地(di)調查結(jie)果表(biao)明：基帶(dai)(dai)(dai)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)屬(shu)(shu)于中(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)山(shan)地(di)常(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)；海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1000米以(yi)(yi)(yi)上則(ze)為常(chang)綠(lv)、落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)混交林(lin)；山(shan)脊(ji)部為山(shan)頂矮林(lin)、喬木樹種普遍(bian)矮化。據樣地(di)調查，其(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要類型(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)：以(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵杉屬(shu)(shu)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)針(zhen)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)混交林(lin)（海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1500米左右）；以(yi)(yi)(yi)原生型(xing)(xing)杉木林(lin)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)暖(nuan)性針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)（海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1220米）；以(yi)(yi)(yi)亮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)水青岡(gang)林(lin)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)（海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1400-1890米）；常(chang)綠(lv)、落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1000-1400米左右)如：地(di)錦槭（多(duo)脈青岡(gang)是(shi)(shi)這個(ge)地(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)頂極(ji)群落的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要群種）；常(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)（1000米以(yi)(yi)(yi)下）。

動物

八大公(gong)山國家級自然保護區有陸地(di)脊椎動物21目(mu)64科(ke)237種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)獸類8目(mu)20科(ke)45種(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類9目(mu)27科(ke)135種(zhong)(zhong)（留鳥97種(zhong)(zhong)、夏候鳥20種(zhong)(zhong)、冬候鳥18種(zhong)(zhong)）、爬行類2目(mu)10科(ke)39種(zhong)(zhong)（毒蛇3種(zhong)(zhong)）、兩棲類2目(mu)7科(ke)18種(zhong)(zhong)；有昆蟲(chong)22目(mu)177科(ke)4175種(zhong)(zhong)（其中(zhong)新種(zhong)(zhong)34個、天敵昆蟲(chong)12目(mu)58科(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)）。

區內有國家重點保護(hu)(hu)和珍貴瀕危動物15目28科(ke)86種(zhong)，屬(shu)國家一(yi)級保護(hu)(hu)的有金(jin)錢豹、云豹、林麝(she)、白冠長尾(wei)雉(zhi)、金(jin)雕等(deng)5種(zhong)，二(er)級保護(hu)(hu)的有獼猴(hou)、毛(mao)冠鹿、蘇(su)門羚(ling)、水鹿、大鯢、紅腹角雉(zhi)等(deng)51種(zhong)，省重點保護(hu)(hu)的20種(zhong)、八大公山(shan)保護(hu)(hu)區特有種(zhong)12種(zhong)。1991年聯合國野生動物基金(jin)會(hui)專家從糞便、足跡上判斷，認定保護(hu)(hu)區內有華南虎(hu)。

管理措施

1990年，自然(ran)保護區管理(li)處成立后(hou)，不僅物(wu)種種群穩定(ding)，自然(ran)演替和更新狀態良好(hao)，且生(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性(xing)程(cheng)度明(ming)顯提高。這充分說(shuo)明(ming)了建立保護區并開展保護管理(li)之后(hou)，實現了由“荒山到植被(bei)恢(hui)復”和“不穩定(ding)生(sheng)境類型”向“穩定(ding)性(xing)生(sheng)境類型”轉變的過(guo)程(cheng)，從(cong)而提高了生(sheng)物(wu)物(wu)種生(sheng)境質量(liang)，維(wei)持(chi)了整個森林生(sheng)態系統的良性(xing)循環。

基礎設施

管理(li)處成(cheng)立以(yi)來，先后實施了八大(da)公山自然保(bao)護區一、二期(qi)基(ji)本建(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)。共完成(cheng)固(gu)定資產(chan)投資1046萬元，修(xiu)建(jian)3個(ge)管理(li)站，1棟辦(ban)公樓(lou)和(he)1棟接待站，房屋(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)面積達6700㎡；架設(she)輸電(dian)線路(lu)60公里(li)；修(xiu)筑(zhu)林區公路(lu)50公里(li)；購置(zhi)車輛、對講機、滅火器具等巡護和(he)防(fang)火設(she)備；修(xiu)建(jian)防(fang)火線路(lu)80公里(li)，護林便道85公里(li)；改造低壓線路(lu)56公里(li)；修(xiu)建(jian)防(fang)火了望臺4座；埋設(she)保(bao)護區界樁、界牌187個(ge)。

基礎科研

八(ba)大公山自然保護(hu)區管(guan)理處(chu)成立以來(lai)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄所記(ji)載(zai)的物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比1981年調查時增(zeng)加了2320種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)593種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，昆蟲(chong)668種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)507種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)386種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄更新方面，植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)新增(zeng)加湖南新記(ji)錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆蟲(chong)發(fa)現(xian)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發(fa)現(xian)新屬1，新增(zeng)中(zhong)國(guo)新記(ji)錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)新增(zeng)湖南省新記(ji)錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。已基本弄清了八(ba)大公山國(guo)家(jia)自然保護(hu)區國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共有153種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家(jia)一級保護(hu)動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分別為5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

項目建設

實(shi)施(shi)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)持(chi)續(xu)發展、公益林(lin)(lin)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、標本(ben)制作等項(xiang)目。林(lin)(lin)業(ye)持(chi)續(xu)項(xiang)目不僅為自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)提(ti)供了大量資金(jin)支援(yuan)，還在培養專業(ye)人才、提(ti)高保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)管理能力(li)和(he)改善(shan)社(she)區(qu)(qu)關系方面產生了積極影響，對(dui)加(jia)速(su)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)建設進程有著十(shi)分重要的(de)現實(shi)和(he)歷史意義。公益林(lin)(lin)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)項(xiang)目實(shi)施(shi)后，林(lin)(lin)區(qu)(qu)林(lin)(lin)農(nong)收入得到增加(jia)，森林(lin)(lin)得到有效(xiao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，生態環境明顯改善(shan)。標本(ben)制作項(xiang)目的(de)實(shi)施(shi)，進一(yi)步提(ti)高我(wo)(wo)區(qu)(qu)標本(ben)制作水平和(he)科(ke)研能力(li)，為我(wo)(wo)區(qu)(qu)今后科(ke)研監測(ce)工作奠(dian)定了堅(jian)實(shi)的(de)基礎。

宣傳教育

建區之初，保護區邊(bian)界糾紛不(bu)斷，亂(luan)采(cai)濫(lan)挖，亂(luan)捕濫(lan)獵，亂(luan)砍濫(lan)伐現象十分嚴重(zhong)。管理(li)處借助林(lin)業持續發展(zhan)，大力開展(zhan)社區項目活動，使周(zhou)邊(bian)社區的(de)居民在(zai)獲取一定利益(yi)的(de)同時，接(jie)受到(dao)了生物多樣性(xing)保護知識的(de)教育。通過(guo)廣泛宣(xuan)傳，還得到(dao)了縣(xian)委縣(xian)政府(fu)對(dui)保護區建設工作的(de)極大支持和重(zhong)視(shi)。2007年(nian)，建立了保護區網站，為(wei)擴大知名度，宣(xuan)傳保護區發揮(hui)了重(zhong)要作用。

開發利用

地貌景觀

八大(da)峰高(gao)(gao)聳，層(ceng)巒疊(die)嶂(zhang)，幽谷深澈，海(hai)拔(ba)千米(mi)以上的(de)高(gao)(gao)峰多(duo)達351座(zuo)(zuo)，最高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)1890.4米(mi)，最低海(hai)拔(ba)395米(mi)，相對高(gao)(gao)差(cha)之(zhi)大(da)，足見山(shan)體(ti)之(zhi)雄偉(wei)。從山(shan)腳向上眺(tiao)望(wang)，一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)座(zuo)(zuo)山(shan)峰高(gao)(gao)聳云(yun)端，參差(cha)迭(die)宕，如(ru)(ru)(ru)黛似煙。漫步(bu)林中，鬼斧(fu)神鑿的(de)“一(yi)線天(tian)”和“獅子巖(yan)”、造型逼真(zhen)的(de)“棋盤巖(yan)”等叫人凝神駐足，流(liu)連忘返(fan)。區內群山(shan)起伏(fu)，奇峰突起，40多(duo)條山(shan)脈縱(zong)橫交錯，599座(zuo)(zuo)山(shan)峰星羅(luo)棋布，山(shan)體(ti)切割強烈(lie)，神奇的(de)造山(shan)運動使(shi)有(you)的(de)山(shan)頭尖如(ru)(ru)(ru)利刃，有(you)的(de)彎如(ru)(ru)(ru)牛角，有(you)的(de)直如(ru)(ru)(ru)筆桿(gan)，有(you)的(de)形(xing)如(ru)(ru)(ru)牛鞭(bian)。還有(you)地下溶洞的(de)巖(yan)景(jing)雄偉(wei)壯觀，擬人擬物，形(xing)態逼真(zhen)，天(tian)工(gong)巧(qiao)奪(duo)，鬼斧(fu)神工(gong)令(ling)人稱奇。

水文景觀

八大(da)公山(shan)自然保護區是(shi)澧(li)水、婁水和以(yi)及湖(hu)北清江水系的發源地(di)，區內(nei)溪溝(gou)縱橫，有大(da)小溪溝(gou)352條，多(duo)樣(yang)的地(di)形地(di)貌使(shi)區內(nei)水域景觀(guan)豐(feng)富多(duo)姿。瀑(pu)布是(shi)八大(da)公山(shan)一道亮(liang)麗的風景線(xian)，情人(ren)(ren)瀑(pu)、彩(cai)(cai)虹(hong)瀑(pu)、烏龍(long)瀑(pu)等521個瀑(pu)布點(dian)綴在(zai)萬綠叢中(zhong)，使(shi)八大(da)公山(shan)迷人(ren)(ren)的景色更是(shi)增(zeng)輝添彩(cai)(cai)。

八大公山(shan)保(bao)護區人文旅游資源，主要分布在土家族(zu)、白族(zu)、苗(miao)族(zu)、回(hui)族(zu)、壯族(zu)等(deng)少(shao)數民族(zu)聚居(ju)區內(nei)(nei)。此區域內(nei)(nei)的(de)各民族(zu)原(yuan)住民和(he)睦相處，耕耘勞作，在長期的(de)生息繁衍中形成了(le)各自獨具特色的(de)生活方(fang)式和(he)民族(zu)風情，至今還(huan)保(bao)留(liu)了(le)一部(bu)分傳統文化和(he)民族(zu)風情，如(ru)哭嫁、跳喪舞、擺手(shou)舞、對山(shan)歌、三棒鼓、月辦節(jie)、打溜子、九節(jie)鞭，還(huan)有以(yi)吊腳樓為典型代(dai)表(biao)的(de)民族(zu)建筑，這些(xie)足以(yi)構成一部(bu)嶄新的(de)民族(zu)風情寶典。大革(ge)命時期，這里曾是老一輩(bei)無產階級革(ge)命家賀(he)龍、肖克、王震、廖漢生、賀(he)錦齋(zhai)等(deng)革(ge)命先輩(bei)浴血奮戰的(de)地方(fang)。賀(he)龍元帥(shuai)兩把菜刀鬧革(ge)命，毛埡(wu)城堡，江西坎(kan)剿匪等(deng)紀念地舊(jiu)址(zhi)尚存。

地位價值

八大(da)(da)公山保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)被(bei)(bei)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)外專家(jia)(jia)學者譽為“天然(ran)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館”和“物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基因(yin)庫”，是目(mu)前(qian)亞熱帶(dai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)保存完(wan)整、面積大(da)(da)常(chang)綠落葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)混(hun)交(jiao)林原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)林區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)有(you)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)保護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)153種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)、二(er)級保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)珙(gong)桐、鐘萼木等(deng)(deng)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)特有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30科(ke)，朱蘭(lan)、石蔸蘭(lan)等(deng)(deng)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)(bei)列(lie)入《瀕危野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿易公約》，是桑植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)椴(duan)、桑植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)節竹等(deng)(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)模式標本產地(di)(di)(di)；有(you)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)、二(er)級保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)云(yun)豹、黑熊等(deng)(deng)40余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尾突角(jiao)蟾、桑植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)蟾、桑植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛙、華西雨(yu)蛙武陵亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。八大(da)(da)公山保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)1993年被(bei)(bei)納入“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)圈網(wang)絡(luo)”；被(bei)(bei)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)保護(hu)(hu)行動(dong)計劃(hua)》列(lie)為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)優先保護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統名錄；由聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)(guo)環境規劃(hua)署資助完(wan)成(cheng)的(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)國(guo)(guo)情(qing)研究(jiu)報告》將其列(lie)為我國(guo)(guo)具有(you)全(quan)球意(yi)義(yi)的(de)(de)17個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)關鍵(jian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)；被(bei)(bei)世界自然(ran)基金(jin)會列(lie)為全(quan)球200個重要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)；在《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)現(xian)狀及其保護(hu)(hu)對策(ce)》中(zhong)(zhong)列(lie)為“具有(you)國(guo)(guo)際意(yi)義(yi)的(de)(de)陸(lu)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)關鍵(jian)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)”；是國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級科(ke)技攻關課題“我國(guo)(guo)亞熱帶(dai)森林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)保護(hu)(hu)技術(shu)研究(jiu)”基地(di)(di)(di)；還是芬蘭(lan)赫爾辛基大(da)(da)學的(de)(de)教學實習基地(di)(di)(di)和全(quan)球環境基金(jin)贈款實施的(de)(de)“林業持(chi)續發展項目(mu)”區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。

1986年(nian)經國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院批準為(wei)我國(guo)(guo)首批“國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區”，也是湖(hu)南省第(di)一(yi)個、張家界市一(yi)個國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區。保護區的建立，對研(yan)究亞熱帶森林發生發展規(gui)律和保護珍稀瀕危(wei)動植物具(ju)重要的科學價值。