湖南(nan)省桂(gui)(gui)東(dong)(dong)(dong)八面(mian)山(shan)自然保護區(qu)地處羅霄山(shan)脈的(de)中南(nan)段, 東(dong)(dong)(dong)連湘贛邊界和萬(wan)(wan)洋(yang)山(shan)和諸(zhu)廣山(shan),南(nan)抵洪水山(shan),地理(li)坐標為東(dong)(dong)(dong)經113度(du)48分(fen) -113度(du)51分(fen) ,北緯25度(du)57分(fen) -26度(du)03分(fen) 。總面(mian)積(ji)為六(liu)萬(wan)(wan)多畝(mu),位于(yu)湖南(nan)省桂(gui)(gui)東(dong)(dong)(dong)縣境內的(de)西(xi)北部(bu),西(xi)與資(zi)興交界,東(dong)(dong)(dong)與四都鄉(xiang)毗連,南(nan)與青山(shan)鄉(xiang)接(jie)壤(rang)。有(you)林面(mian)積(ji)四萬(wan)(wan)多畝(mu)。距桂(gui)(gui)東(dong)(dong)(dong)縣城76公里(li)。
八(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)山國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積10974公(gong)頃(qing),其中核心(xin)區面(mian)(mian)(mian)積3137公(gong)頃(qing),緩沖區面(mian)(mian)(mian)積2141公(gong)頃(qing),實驗區面(mian)(mian)(mian)積5696公(gong)頃(qing)。保(bao)護區位于湖南(nan)(nan)省桂東縣境(jing)內,范圍(wei)在東經(jing)113°37′39″—113°50′08″,北緯25°54′02″—26°06′59″之間。東以(yi)海拔1724米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)為起(qi)點向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)沿(yan)山脊線經(jing)1666.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1617米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)至流源鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)芳村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),向(xiang)東南(nan)(nan)至四(si)都(dou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)新龍村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、雙(shuang)溪村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),經(jing)1034.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1530.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1734.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1206米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1077.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1084.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、906米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1403.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)至四(si)都(dou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東水村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、文閣村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)宋坪(ping)國有(you)林(lin)(lin)場(chang)八(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)山分場(chang)、青山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上游村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)羅(luo)家村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、青山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)青峰(feng)(feng)(feng)林(lin)(lin)場(chang);南(nan)(nan)界(jie)經(jing)1299米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)山峰(feng)(feng)(feng)沿(yan)江至青山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)彩(cai)洞村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);西界(jie)經(jing)1435.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1666.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)至資興(xing)市(shi)連坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)成康(kang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),再(zai)經(jing)1669.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1674.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、2046.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、1714.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)至資興(xing)市(shi)連坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)金塘(tang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、資興(xing)市(shi)天(tian)鵝山國有(you)林(lin)(lin)場(chang)、青市(shi)紅(hong)星村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、資興(xing)市(shi)煙(yan)坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)頂寮村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun);北界(jie)沿(yan)山脊線經(jing)1651米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、齊云亭、1679米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)山峰(feng)(feng)(feng)至株洲(zhou)市(shi)炎陵(ling)縣龍渣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)雙(shuang)奎村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),再(zai)向(xiang)東至株洲(zhou)市(shi)炎陵(ling)縣平樂(le)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)平樂(le)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)止。
八面(mian)山(shan)是以縱谷脊嶺(ling)為(wei)主的(de)中(zhong)山(shan)地貌, 低(di)海拔860米,高(gao)主峰(feng)為(wei)2043米。高(gao)山(shan)聳峙(zhi),氣(qi)勢雄偉,層巒(luan)疊嶂,林海蒼茫,以“離天(tian)(tian)三尺三,人(ren)過要低(di)頭(tou),馬過要下鞍”而聞名。 清代桂東(dong)知(zhi)縣(xian)洪鐘(zhong)的(de)詩《過八面(mian)山(shan)》描(miao):“峭壁(bi)萬仞鬼(gui)斧劈(pi),鳥道飛懸不盈尺。驅(qu)走(zou)怪(guai)石開鴻蒙,奇(qi)幼天(tian)(tian)生倚(yi)空碧。一(yi)(yi)峰(feng)未過一(yi)(yi)峰(feng)橫(heng),上天(tian)(tian)入(ru)淵(yuan)心(xin)擔驚。饑(ji)鷹掠人(ren)晝厲吻(wen),哀猿嘯(xiao)侶夜(ye)深鳴。平生游歷(li)境(jing)不到,疑(yi)汝(ru)鑿開混沌竅。胸中(zhong)五岳森(sen)崢(zheng)嶸,對(dui)此何能夸奇(qi)奧。百里雷封萬笏山(shan),青驄黃(huang)綬白云間。但(dan)愿五都厚(hou)風俗,人(ren)心(xin)人(ren)面(mian)莫與此山(shan)竟孱顏。”八面(mian)山(shan)的(de)驚、險、奇(qi)可見一(yi)(yi)斑。
八(ba)面(mian)山自然保護區(qu)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)格(ge)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)是在(zai)內外營(ying)力共同作用下,經歷了(le)漫長地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)歷史過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。深(shen)受其所(suo)處(chu)(chu)區(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)殼運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)、巖石性(xing)質(zhi)和外力作用控制(zhi)和支(zhi)(zhi)配。在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)時期中,正處(chu)(chu)于南嶺東(dong)西構(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)帶(dai)和羅霄(xiao)山脈南北構(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)帶(dai)相互干擾(rao)、相互交叉和重(zhong)疊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu);它主要里(li)東(dong)、印支(zhi)(zhi)、燕(yan)山新(xin)(xin)構(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)等歷史運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這里(li)從震旦系至志留系長達四系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)史時期曾(ceng)是片海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋,位于湘(xiang)中、湘(xiang)東(dong)南“華夏(xia)古陸”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣(yuan)古海(hai)(hai)(hai)槽沉(chen)積區(qu),志留紀末,加里(li)東(dong)造(zao)山運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),海(hai)(hai)(hai)水退卻,隆起為(wei)(wei)陸。表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)大(da)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)升(sheng)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。中三迭紀末的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)印支(zhi)(zhi)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擠壓,產生(sheng)長約45公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水口――八(ba)面(mian)山一帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)S狀(zhuang)旋卷(juan)構(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)。中侏羅紀末發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燕(yan)山運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)塊運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)近南北向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)褶皺山。燕(yan)山運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后,構(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)以(yi)間歇(xie)性(xing)抬(tai)升(sheng)剝(bo)蝕(shi)夷平,造(zao)成(cheng)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)所(suo)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔1000米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)五(wu)級剝(bo)夷面(mian),形(xing)成(cheng)八(ba)面(mian)山“H”形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)輪廓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛型。晚(wan)第三紀開始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)構(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)繼承了(le)燕(yan)山運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征,繼續斷(duan)塊上(shang)升(sheng),且明(ming)顯地(di)(di)(di)表現(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)間歇(xie)性(xing)和差異性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點,使境內海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔1000米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)級剝(bo)夷面(mian)上(shang)升(sheng)到現(xian)(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度,而(er)呈現(xian)(xian)出現(xian)(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本輪廓。由于地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)流水、風化和重(zhong)力作用等外部營(ying)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)現(xian)(xian)代八(ba)面(mian)山嶺谷(gu)縱(zong)橫相間,切割甚深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“U”、“H”型峽谷(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)特征。
八面山(shan)自(zi)然保護區(qu)屬于南亞(ya)熱(re)帶山(shan)地濕(shi)潤氣候(hou),冬(dong)無嚴寒,夏無酷暑,秋溫(wen)(wen)高于春溫(wen)(wen),區(qu)內年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)15.8℃,無霜期(qi)240—280天,光照(zhao)充(chong)足,小氣候(hou)變化多(duo)樣(yang),素(su)有“天然空調(diao)”之稱。
八面山(shan)自(zi)然保(bao)護區內海拔(ba)800—2042米, 高(gao)(gao)山(shan)聳(song)峙,氣勢雄(xiong)偉,層巒疊嶂(zhang),林(lin)海蒼茫(mang),系典型(xing)的(de)中亞熱帶濕潤(run)地區,原始森林(lin)植被保(bao)存完好,珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危(wei)物(wu)種資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,生物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)水(shui)平(ping)高(gao)(gao),溝谷(gu)地生長的(de)常綠闊葉林(lin)為南嶺溝谷(gu)雨林(lin),區內山(shan)中有種子植物(wu)146科,584屬,1182種,有很多(duo)屬國家一級保(bao)護的(de)珍稀(xi)樹(shu)種,如銀(yin)杉、伯樂樹(shu)等。大(da)銀(yin)杉樹(shu)徑(jing)達1.34米,高(gao)(gao)32米;密的(de)銀(yin)杉群落(luo),五(wu)畝內達112株。另有國家二、三級保(bao)護植物(wu)是29種。
八面山自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)136種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)稀有(you)珍貴野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu),數(shu)量為湖南(nan)第一(yi)(yi),有(you)屬于國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)華南(nan)虎、金貓、云豹等,屬于國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)獼(mi)猴(hou)等,共15種(zhong)(zhong),動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)渾然天成,至今仍處(chu)于原始(shi)狀態(tai),沒(mei)有(you)人(ren)為改(gai)造痕跡(ji)。地貌類型(xing)是以縱谷脊(ji)嶺為主的中(zhong)山地貌,低(di)海拔860米,高(gao)主峰2043米, 山上,千年(nian)鐵杉(shan)有(you)黃山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秀,千年(nian)古道有(you)華山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)險。石筍(sun)千姿(zi)百(bai)態(tai),有(you)張家(jia)(jia)界之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景;草原在云霧(wu)中(zhong)時隱時現(xian),與仙境(jing)無(wu)異(yi)。還有(you)杜鵑花漫(man)山遍(bian)野,相思鳥情滿其(qi)(qi)間。 幸存(cun)享(xiang)有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)“熊貓”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)的“國(guo)寶”一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)銀杉(shan)和中(zhong)國(guo)三大名虎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的華南(nan)虎,是中(zhong)國(guo)大的生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)基因(yin)庫,也是中(zhong)國(guo)第一(yi)(yi)個以華南(nan)虎為重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象而設立的自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區,有(you)“動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)王國(guo)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)。
八(ba)面山自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)前身是桂東縣宋(song)坪林(lin)場八(ba)面山分(fen)場, 1984年建自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu),實(shi)行一套人(ren)(ren)(ren)馬兩(liang)塊牌子(zi)(場所(suo))的(de)(de)管理辦法,并代管區(qu)(qu)內(nei)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)農(nong)隊(dui),總(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)260人(ren)(ren)(ren)。現有管理干部(bu)4名(ming),護林(lin)員(yuan)20名(ming),林(lin)場工人(ren)(ren)(ren)28名(ming),兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)農(nong)隊(dui)216人(ren)(ren)(ren),其中(zhong)桃寮隊(dui)99人(ren)(ren)(ren),金(jin)銀鋪117人(ren)(ren)(ren),為(wei)漢(han)族。人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)密度為(wei)5.68人(ren)(ren)(ren)/平方公(gong)里。主要集中(zhong)在管理所(suo)附(fu)近。兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)農(nong)隊(dui)有水(shui)田173.5畝,占(zhan)自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積的(de)(de)0.27%,居住區(qu)(qu)和(he)水(shui)田、旱田分(fen)布在海拔1000米左右的(de)(de)山谷(gu)中(zhong)。目前糧(liang)食產量低,不(bu)能自給,每年返銷8.5萬(wan)斤糧(liang)食。1981-1984年人(ren)(ren)(ren)均年收(shou)入216元。過(guo)去為(wei)增(zeng)加糧(liang)食產量和(he)經濟收(shou)入,當地農(nong)民毀林(lin)開荒、伐木、挖筍(sun)、種香菇等,造(zao)成森林(lin)面積減少;水(shui)土流失;動植物資源(yuan)隨之減少。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)與外界只(zhi)有一條相通的(de)(de)公(gong)路,距縣城(cheng)80公(gong)里。
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)按(an)功能分區(qu)(qu),劃為核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)、緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)實驗區(qu)(qu)三個區(qu)(qu)域(yu),核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)為保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的精(jing)華(hua),包(bao)含了主(zhu)要(yao)的森林群落類型和(he)(he)珍(zhen)稀野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)棲息環(huan)境等(deng)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象(xiang)。核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)禁止人為活動(dong),以使受(shou)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的珍(zhen)稀瀕危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)有一個不受(shou)人為干擾(rao)的自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)活環(huan)境,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)保(bao)存完(wan)整的自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統;緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)四周,是(shi)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)實驗區(qu)(qu)這之間的緩(huan)沖地帶,對核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)起(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)緩(huan)沖作用,以擴大(da)和(he)(he)延伸被保(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)種的生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)和(he)(he)活動(dong)區(qu)(qu)域(yu);實驗區(qu)(qu)處于(yu)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)、緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)外圍,為保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的經(jing)營(ying)區(qu)(qu),是(shi)提供科研(yan)教學,生(sheng)(sheng)態旅游、經(jing)營(ying)管理的地方。
保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)是新建(jian)(jian)(jian)的國家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu),自(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)以來,投入(ru)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設經費300多(duo)萬元,改(gai)造修建(jian)(jian)(jian)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)護管(guan)理分(fen)站5個,在臨近村莊和交通(tong)要道共設立固定宣傳牌(pai)、指(zhi)示牌(pai)36座,在核(he)心區(qu)(qu)(qu)界線上埋(mai)設界樁近500個,維修公路35km;投入(ru)補償(chang)償(chang)資金100多(duo)萬元,對核(he)心區(qu)(qu)(qu)進(jin)行了補償(chang),使保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)的道路等(deng)基礎建(jian)(jian)(jian)設得(de)到有效(xiao)改(gai)善,林農(nong)利益(yi)得(de)到基本保(bao)(bao)障,有力地促進(jin)了保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)的健康發展。
在(zai)加(jia)強基礎設施(shi)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時,保(bao)護(hu)區加(jia)強了科(ke)研監測(ce)工作,與有(you)關科(ke)研單(dan)位合作,開(kai)展了一(yi)系列科(ke)研監測(ce)活(huo)動。1999年,邀請湖(hu)南省(sheng)林業(ye)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、湖(hu)南師(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、湖(hu)南省(sheng)地質研究(jiu)所的(de)(de)(de)10多名專家(jia)、教(jiao)授和林業(ye)局組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)察(cha)隊(dui)對自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區進行(xing)(xing)了綜合考(kao)察(cha);2003年又邀請湖(hu)南省(sheng)林業(ye)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)研究(jiu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、湖(hu)南師(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關專家(jia)、教(jiao)授和保(bao)護(hu)區管理站的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術人員一(yi)道進入保(bao)護(hu)區進行(xing)(xing)了補充調查,增補了大(da)(da)型(xing)真菌和昆蟲等考(kao)察(cha)內容。同(tong)時組(zu)織(zhi)技(ji)術人員對保(bao)護(hu)區內的(de)(de)(de)珍稀樹種和重點保(bao)護(hu)對象進行(xing)(xing)清查、建(jian)檔。與中國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)同(tong)生態定位研究(jiu)站、湖(hu)南林業(ye)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等單(dan)位一(yi)起完(wan)成了多個課題的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),并(bing)取(qu)得(de)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)成果。配合中國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)武(wu)漢植物研究(jiu)所、華東師(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)進行(xing)(xing)了植物資(zi)源調查。開(kai)展了珍稀保(bao)護(hu)樹種的(de)(de)(de)就地保(bao)存與遷地保(bao)存技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)。通過考(kao)察(cha),基本掌握(wo)了保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)環境和自然(ran)資(zi)源情(qing)況(kuang),為進一(yi)步保(bao)護(hu)、建(jian)設和利(li)用(yong)好保(bao)護(hu)區提供了科(ke)學(xue)(xue)依據。
健(jian)全(quan)了(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)理(li)機構。設(she)立(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)理(li)局,下設(she)管(guan)理(li)站,具體負責(ze)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、建設(she)和科研(yan)及開發,編制(zhi)(zhi)13人(ren),同時(shi)(shi)聘(pin)用28名當地居民為保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)巡護(hu)(hu)(hu)員。二(er)是(shi)加大宣傳(chuan)力度(du)(du)。建立(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)后,區(qu)(qu)內實行禁(jin)伐(fa),對(dui)區(qu)(qu)內群(qun)眾的(de)(de)(de)生產生活(huo)構成了(le)(le)一定的(de)(de)(de)影響。為爭取農民群(qun)眾的(de)(de)(de)理(li)解、支持(chi),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)利(li)用大小(xiao)會議(yi)、廣播電(dian)視、發放宣傳(chuan)單等方式進(jin)行了(le)(le)廣泛深入的(de)(de)(de)宣傳(chuan),在(zai)主(zhu)要路(lu)口制(zhi)(zhi)作固(gu)定標語標牌,同時(shi)(shi)舉辦各種學(xue)習培訓班,在(zai)提高農民認識的(de)(de)(de)基礎上,讓農民掌握一兩門實用技術,促(cu)進(jin)了(le)(le)社區(qu)(qu)共建,收到了(le)(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)宣傳(chuan)效果。三是(shi)健(jian)全(quan)了(le)(le)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。出臺了(le)(le)《保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)森(sen)林(lin)防火管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)》,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)建立(li)(li)完(wan)善了(le)(le)崗位(wei)責(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)日趨制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)化(hua)(hua)、規范化(hua)(hua)。四(si)是(shi)加強綜合治理(li)。縣委、縣政府對(dui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)十(shi)分重視,多次組織工作隊,對(dui)區(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工作進(jin)行綜合整(zheng)治,打(da)擊區(qu)(qu)內各類林(lin)業犯(fan)罪。
多年來,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)把森(sen)(sen)林(lin)防火工(gong)作(zuo)當(dang)作(zuo)頭等大(da)事(shi)來抓。廣泛開展(zhan)(zhan)森(sen)(sen)防宣(xuan)傳,貫徹“森(sen)(sen)林(lin)防火責(ze)任(ren)(ren)重于泰山”的意識,做(zuo)到家(jia)喻戶(hu)曉;認(ren)真落實森(sen)(sen)防工(gong)作(zuo)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制,縣、鄉、村層層簽訂(ding)森(sen)(sen)防工(gong)作(zuo)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)狀(zhuang);局、鄉、村各級都成立(li)了(le)(le)(le)義(yi)務撲火隊(dui),全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共成立(li)撲火隊(dui)24支(zhi)500余人。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)成立(li)至今,未發(fa)(fa)生過(guo)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)火警、火災。五是社(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共管(guan)有(you)新路。從1998年起,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不斷(duan)引進項目、資金(jin)(jin)和技術,一手(shou)抓保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理(li),一手(shou)抓社(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。累(lei)計投(tou)入(ru)各項資金(jin)(jin)200余萬元(yuan),初步改善(shan)了(le)(le)(le)社(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)群(qun)(qun)眾的交(jiao)通、通訊和生產、生活等條(tiao)件,扶持發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)沼氣(qi)用戶(hu)80余戶(hu),發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)“農家(jia)樂”旅游接待點(dian)11處(chu),并(bing)引導當(dang)地群(qun)(qun)眾積極參與(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理(li)與(yu)建設項目實施,增加區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)群(qun)(qun)眾的收入(ru),融洽(qia)了(le)(le)(le)社(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)群(qun)(qun)眾的關(guan)系。
在嚴格(ge)保(bao)(bao)護自然(ran)資源(yuan)和(he)生態環境的基礎(chu)上(shang),充分發(fa)揮保(bao)(bao)護區自然(ran)資源(yuan)優勢,合理規劃(hua),適(shi)度開發(fa)生態旅游,是搞好資源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護和(he)開發(fa)利用并舉的有(you)效途徑。近年(nian)來,保(bao)(bao)護區逐步規劃(hua)開發(fa)了一些旅游景點和(he)線(xian)路。每年(nian)游客人(ren)數達5000人(ren)次以上(shang)。
由于(yu)強烈的地(di)質運動(dong), 八面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)主峰八面(mian)(mian)懸崖峭(qiao)壁,危石聳立,溝谷縱橫,形成了雞心石、金雞叫天門、天宮神印、仙牛騰云、銅鑼圈(quan)、小石林等極具(ju)觀賞價值的自然(ran)景觀,區內(nei)氣候(hou)宜人,生(sheng)態環境(jing)清閑(xian)幽(you)雅,動(dong)植物(wu)資源(yuan)豐富,各(ge)種(zhong)古樹名(ming)木、異獸(shou)珍(zhen)禽、琪花瑤草充斥(chi)其間。春季(ji),杜鵑花漫山(shan)(shan)(shan)遍野,相(xiang)(xiang)思鳥(niao)情滿其間;夏(xia)季(ji),山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂的柳(liu)葉箬草翠(cui)綠(lv)如茵,軟如綠(lv)毯;秋(qiu)季(ji),紅葉似火焰,盡顯“層林盡染”的秀麗景象;冬季(ji),玉樹瓊枝,猶如千樹萬樹梨花開,呈現一派粉妝玉砌的世界。穿(chuan)行在峰巒幽(you)谷之(zhi)中(zhong),汪(wang)汪(wang)碧波與(yu)涓涓細流相(xiang)(xiang)通(tong),溪依山(shan)(shan)(shan)流,山(shan)(shan)(shan)依溪轉,地(di)形各(ge)異,泉水不(bu)同,如瑤琴(qin)低訴,似鼓瑟齊(qi)鳴,若(ruo)玉帶(dai)飄(piao)蕩(dang)。“山(shan)(shan)(shan)得水而(er)活,水因山(shan)(shan)(shan)更幽(you)”,多姿的水流給八面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)以生(sheng)命與(yu)活力。漫步其中(zhong),有“無山(shan)(shan)(shan)不(bu)綠(lv),有水皆(jie)清,四(si)時噴香,萬壑鳥(niao)鳴”的美(mei)妙意境(jing)。
八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)的古跡(ji)有(you)(you)(you)南天古廟(miao)舊址、八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)碑刻、傳(chuan)說(shuo)中郭(guo)法主(zhu)鎮(zhen)妖的火燒(shao)山(shan)(shan)、百合神仙耕種地(di)(di)等,令(ling)人油然而生思古之(zhi)幽情(qing)。1934—1949年八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)(西(xi)邊山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)斗(dou)爭(zheng)連綿不斷,此處還有(you)(you)(you)紅(hong)軍三五九旅南征北(bei)返宿營地(di)(di)遺址。八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)境內桃寮(liao)村(cun)有(you)(you)(you)“紅(hong)軍村(cun)”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。1928年,該村(cun)17戶60多人中,就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)17名青年參(can)加紅(hong)軍,村(cun)內先后(hou)有(you)(you)(you)46人為革(ge)(ge)命(ming)犧牲。1934年在(zai)此建立了紅(hong)軍長征后(hou)湖南第(di)一(yi)個蘇(su)維(wei)埃政權,毛澤東、朱德(de)、彭(peng)德(de)懷、陳毅、劉伯承等老一(yi)輩(bei)無產(chan)階(jie)級革(ge)(ge)命(ming)家(jia)也曾在(zai)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)開展革(ge)(ge)命(ming)活動。抗日(ri)戰爭(zheng)時(shi)期,美國空軍飛虎隊飛機(ji)在(zai)與敵機(ji)戰斗(dou)中墜毀在(zai)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)桃寮(liao),使八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)披上了一(yi)層(ceng)傳(chuan)奇(qi)的色彩(cai),更是進行愛國主(zhu)義(yi)傳(chuan)統(tong)教育(yu)的基地(di)(di)。
八面山(shan)的(de)(de)主峰石牛(niu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian),高2043米(mi)。石牛(niu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)石牛(niu)、仙(xian)(xian)(xian)牛(niu)騰云等景(jing)點在(zai)(zai)桂(gui)東(dong)流傳(chuan)著許(xu)多美(mei)麗的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo),流傳(chuan)廣(guang)的(de)(de)就是(shi)桂(gui)東(dong)牛(niu)郎織女(nv)(nv)與石牛(niu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)。傳(chuan)說(shuo)天(tian)上因(yin)觸犯了天(tian)規被貶下(xia)天(tian)來的(de)(de)灰牛(niu)大仙(xian)(xian)(xian)被降伏于(yu)此。石牛(niu)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)就是(shi)傳(chuan)說(shuo)中牛(niu)郎所找(zhao)到(dao)的(de)(de)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)牛(niu)。八面山(shan),由(you)于(yu)離天(tian)只(zhi)有三(san)尺(chi)三(san),故而氣候涼(liang)爽,傳(chuan)說(shuo)當(dang)天(tian)上的(de)(de)神仙(xian)(xian)(xian)酷暑南耐時,是(shi)神仙(xian)(xian)(xian)每年夏(xia)天(tian)下(xia)凡避暑納涼(liang)的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang),他們于(yu)漚江(jiang)河邊(bian)洗澡(zao)(zao)降溫(wen),或游水嘻戲(xi)。 神仙(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)山(shan)頂上下(xia)棋(qi),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女(nv)(nv)在(zai)(zai)那河里洗澡(zao)(zao),乃人間仙(xian)(xian)(xian)境。在(zai)(zai)天(tian)上酷暑難(nan)耐之(zhi)時,織女(nv)(nv)和諸仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女(nv)(nv)也一起下(xia)凡納涼(liang),于(yu)是(shi)有了牛(niu)郎在(zai)(zai)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)牛(niu)的(de)(de)幫助下(xia)終于(yu)與織女(nv)(nv)相(xiang)會(hui),結下(xia)了美(mei)滿姻緣(yuan)。流下(xia)了千古(gu)愛情的(de)(de)佳(jia)話。
石牛仙(xian)同(tong)時(shi)也是(shi)桂東和資興兩縣著名的佛教仙(xian)場,解放(fang)前香火旺盛(sheng),是(shi)一個有一定規(gui)模的寺(si)廟。文革中(zhong)被毀(hui),另一小(xiao)廟里至今(jin)仍供奉著兩尊(zun)被毀(hui)去頭顱(lu)的佛像。此外,八面山(shan)上仍存有南(nan)天(tian)舊(jiu)庫舊(jiu)址(zhi)、八面山(shan)碑刻等(deng)古(gu)跡,并還有“郭法主鎮妖(yao)火燒山(shan)、百合神仙(xian)耕種”等(deng)美麗傳說。
八(ba)面山自(zi)然保護(hu)區內有(you)上、中、下(xia)三條(tiao)(tiao)千年(nian)(nian)(nian)古(gu)道(dao),自(zi)四都經(jing)金銀鋪、小屋溪、江腦里(li)(li)可至(zhi)資(zi)興(xing)赤(chi)竹園、青(qing)市(shi)(shi),全長40公里(li)(li),在(zai)桂(gui)(gui)東(dong)(dong)沒(mei)有(you)通(tong)公路之前,是桂(gui)(gui)東(dong)(dong)通(tong)往(wang)(wang)郴州的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)官道(dao)。路邊古(gu)木參天,怪石嶙峋(xun),崎嶇險峻,行人視為險途。相(xiang)傳古(gu)時有(you)幾位秀才打這條(tiao)(tiao)路往(wang)(wang)省府趕考(kao),為了緩解旅(lv)途的(de)疲乏(fa),相(xiang)約(yue)每隔(ge)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)吟詩(shi)一(yi)句:“一(yi)十(shi)(shi)高(gao)龍仙,二十(shi)(shi)牛市(shi)(shi)冒青(qing)煙;三十(shi)(shi)槽里(li)(li)穿(chuan)山谷,四十(shi)(shi)青(qing)岡(gang)不見天;五十(shi)(shi)龍渣水淼淼,六十(shi)(shi)苗公走上天……”詩(shi)中所描(miao)敘的(de)就(jiu)是當年(nian)(nian)(nian)這條(tiao)(tiao)古(gu)道(dao)上的(de)情景。文者(zhe)早已(yi)仙逝(shi),而(er)詩(shi)謠至(zhi)今仍在(zai)民間(jian)(jian)口(kou)口(kou)相(xiang)傳。1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)106國道(dao)竣通(tong)之后,這條(tiao)(tiao)路多湮沒(mei)于(yu)草(cao)蔓荒野之間(jian)(jian),漸漸在(zai)人們的(de)記憶中淡忘,現已(yi)難于(yu)考(kao)證。桂(gui)(gui)東(dong)(dong)八(ba)面山風景優(you)美,林海茫茫,是科學考(kao)察、旅(lv)游、夏令營活動的(de)極好場(chang)所。
八面山(shan),坐(zuo)落在湖南省桂東縣西部(bu),屬(shu)省級自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)。當你走(zou)進這座(zuo)巍峨(e)大山(shan),你就(jiu)(jiu)走(zou)進了原始、古(gu)樸(pu)、自(zi)然(ran)的(de)美(mei)(mei)麗畫卷。隨意按下(xia)相機快門(men),就(jiu)(jiu)會攝下(xia)一幅(fu)幅(fu)精美(mei)(mei)的(de)瞬間。
八(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)是以縱谷脊(ji)嶺為主的(de)中山(shan)(shan)地貌,低海(hai)拔860米,高主峰為2043米。高山(shan)(shan)聳(song)峙,氣勢雄偉,層巒疊(die)嶂,林海(hai)蒼茫,以“離天(tian)三尺(chi)(chi)三,人(ren)過要低頭,馬過要下鞍”而聞名。正如清代(dai)桂東知縣(xian)洪鐘的(de)詩《過八(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)》描述的(de)那樣:“峭(qiao)壁萬(wan)仞鬼斧劈,鳥(niao)道(dao)飛懸不(bu)盈尺(chi)(chi)。驅走怪石開(kai)鴻(hong)蒙,奇幼天(tian)生倚空(kong)碧。一(yi)峰未過一(yi)峰橫(heng),上(shang)天(tian)入淵心(xin)(xin)擔驚(jing)。饑鷹掠人(ren)晝厲吻,哀(ai)猿嘯侶夜深鳴(ming)。平(ping)生游歷境不(bu)到,疑汝(ru)鑿開(kai)混沌竅。胸(xiong)中五岳森(sen)崢嶸,對(dui)此(ci)何能夸奇奧。百里雷封萬(wan)笏(hu)山(shan)(shan),青馬總黃綬白云間。但愿五都厚風(feng)俗,人(ren)心(xin)(xin)人(ren)面(mian)(mian)莫與(yu)此(ci)山(shan)(shan)竟孱顏。”八(ba)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)的(de)驚(jing)、險、奇由此(ci)可(ke)見一(yi)斑。
八面山(shan)除(chu)了千年古道有(you)(you)(you)華山(shan)之(zhi)險外,千年鐵杉亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)黃(huang)山(shan)之(zhi)秀(xiu),石筍千姿百態(tai),更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)張(zhang)家(jia)界之(zhi)奇。山(shan)頂草(cao)場在(zai)云(yun)霧中時隱(yin)時現(xian),宛若(ruo)仙(xian)境。山(shan)谷中,許多(duo)灘流和疊(die)瀑漸次由高處奔流而下,水汽蒸騰,令(ling)人(ren)神清氣爽。春季(ji),杜(du)鵑花(hua)漫山(shan)遍野,競相(xiang)綻放。綿延數里杜(du)鵑長廊,讓人(ren)目不(bu)暇(xia)接、驚嘆(tan)不(bu)已。相(xiang)思鳥啁啾其間,唱不(bu)完(wan)的(de)相(xiang)思情深;夏(xia)季(ji),山(shan)頂的(de)柳(liu)葉箸草(cao)叢(cong)翠(cui)綠如(ru)茵(yin),柔(rou)軟如(ru)毯;秋季(ji),絢爛濃艷的(de)紅(hong)葉在(zai)山(shan)谷中洶涌(yong)彌(mi)漫,綠葉似碧(bi)玉(yu)鑲嵌其間,隨處可(ke)(ke)見的(de)荔枝、草(cao)莓等(deng)各種野果,伸手可(ke)(ke)及,令(ling)人(ren)垂涎;冬季(ji),玉(yu)樹(shu)瓊枝,猶如(ru)千樹(shu)萬樹(shu)梨花(hua)開,呈現(xian)一(yi)派冰雕玉(yu)砌的(de)景(jing)象。
八面山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)總面積為10974公頃,森林覆蓋率85.2%。山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)有(you)種子植(zhi)物178科,834屬,2031種。國(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護的(de)(de)珍稀(xi)樹(shu)種有(you)銀(yin)杉、伯樂樹(shu)等。大銀(yin)杉樹(shu)徑達1.38米(mi),高24米(mi)。密的(de)(de)銀(yin)杉群落,5畝(mu)內達112株。另有(you)國(guo)家(jia)重點保(bao)護一、二(er)級(ji)(ji)野(ye)(ye)生植(zhi)物21種。區內野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)物240種,其中(zhong)稀(xi)有(you)珍貴野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)物數(shu)量為湖南第一。有(you)國(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)物華南虎、金(jin)貓(mao)、云豹以及國(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)物獼猴等,共43種。這(zhe)里的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)草木、飛禽走(zou)獸(shou)無(wu)不保(bao)持著原始(shi)質樸的(de)(de)風貌,鮮(xian)見(jian)一絲人工痕跡。
八(ba)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)的(de)古(gu)(gu)跡(ji)有(you)(you)南(nan)(nan)天古(gu)(gu)廟舊址、八(ba)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)碑刻、傳(chuan)說中(zhong)郭法(fa)主(zhu)鎮妖(yao)的(de)火燒山(shan)(shan)、百合(he)神(shen)仙耕種地等(deng),令人(ren)油然而生思古(gu)(gu)之幽情。1934—1949年八(ba)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)(西邊(bian)山(shan)(shan)地區)革命(ming)斗(dou)爭(zheng)(zheng)連綿不斷,此(ci)處(chu)還(huan)有(you)(you)紅(hong)軍三五九(jiu)旅南(nan)(nan)征(zheng)北返宿營(ying)地遺址。八(ba)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)境內(nei)桃(tao)(tao)寮(liao)村(cun)有(you)(you)“紅(hong)軍村(cun)”之稱。1928年,該村(cun)17戶60多人(ren)中(zhong),就有(you)(you)17名(ming)青年參加紅(hong)軍,村(cun)內(nei)先后(hou)有(you)(you)46人(ren)為革命(ming)獻出了生命(ming)。1934年在此(ci)建(jian)立了紅(hong)軍長征(zheng)后(hou)湖南(nan)(nan)第一個蘇維(wei)埃政(zheng)權,毛(mao)澤東、朱德、彭(peng)德懷(huai)、陳毅、劉伯承等(deng)老一輩無產階級革命(ming)家也曾在八(ba)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)開展革命(ming)活動。抗日戰爭(zheng)(zheng)時期,美國(guo)空軍飛虎隊飛機在與敵機戰斗(dou)中(zhong)墜毀在八(ba)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)桃(tao)(tao)寮(liao),使八(ba)面(mian)山(shan)(shan)披(pi)上了一層傳(chuan)奇的(de)色彩,更(geng)是進行愛國(guo)主(zhu)義傳(chuan)統教育的(de)基地。