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歷史沿革

高(gao)格斯臺罕烏拉(la)自然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區1997年經(jing)阿旗人民(min)政府批(pi)(pi)準(zhun)成立；1999年，晉升為市級(ji)保護(hu)區；2001年晉升為自治區級(ji)保護(hu)區。2011年4月16日國務院辦公廳正式批(pi)(pi)準(zhun)保護(hu)區晉升為國家級(ji)自然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區。

區域范圍

高格斯臺(tai)罕(han)烏(wu)拉自然保護區位于內蒙(meng)古赤峰市阿魯科爾沁旗(qi)(qi)北(bei)部，地理坐標為東經119度03分(fen)(fen)(fen)至(zhi)119度39分(fen)(fen)(fen)；北(bei)緯44度41分(fen)(fen)(fen)至(zhi)45度08分(fen)(fen)(fen)，總面積106284公頃。保護區以阿魯科爾沁旗(qi)(qi)罕(han)山林(lin)場為主(zhu)體，北(bei)與本旗(qi)(qi)的(de)罕(han)蘇(su)木蘇(su)木毗鄰(lin)；南與巴林(lin)左旗(qi)(qi)和本旗(qi)(qi)的(de)罕(han)蘇(su)木蘇(su)木接壤(rang)，東與內蒙(meng)古通遼市扎魯特旗(qi)(qi)相(xiang)連，西(xi)(xi)鄰(lin)錫(xi)林(lin)郭勒盟的(de)西(xi)(xi)烏(wu)珠(zhu)穆沁旗(qi)(qi)。

保護區地處大興(xing)安嶺南段(duan)山地中(zhong)部，是蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)高原(yuan)(yuan)與東北(bei)(bei)平原(yuan)(yuan)、森(sen)(sen)林與草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)、華北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)物區系與東北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)物區系過渡的典型地段(duan)，有森(sen)(sen)林、灌(guan)叢、草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)、濕地等多樣的生態(tai)系統(tong)。森(sen)(sen)林茂密(mi)、草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)廣袤、溪(xi)流縱(zong)橫、物種豐(feng)富。對阻擋蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)高原(yuan)(yuan)風沙(sha)向南侵(qin)襲具(ju)有重要(yao)的生態(tai)屏障(zhang)作(zuo)用(yong)。

保護目標

保(bao)護(hu)區的(de)(de)主要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)對象為：保(bao)護(hu)大(da)興(xing)安(an)嶺南麓山地(di)典(dian)型的(de)(de)過渡帶森林—草原生態系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)完整性；保(bao)護(hu)西(xi)遼河(he)源頭的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)濕地(di)生態系(xi)統(tong)；保(bao)護(hu)棲息于(yu)該(gai)生態系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)野生馬鹿(lu)（東北亞種）種群；保(bao)護(hu)國(guo)家重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)鳥類大(da)鴇、黑鸛及(ji)其它珍(zhen)稀瀕危鳥類的(de)(de)繁殖地(di)。

這(zhe)里(li)不僅有多(duo)樣(yang)的生(sheng)物資源(yuan)和自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態系(xi)統，還有第四紀冰川(chuan)期(qi)遺留的豐富(fu)地質(zhi)景觀(guan)。步入高格斯臺，冰川(chuan)切割形(xing)成的三(san)角面、冰坎地貌(mao)、心形(xing)山(shan)、冰川(chuan)漂礫等地質(zhi)景觀(guan)隨處(chu)可見，是學習(xi)地質(zhi)知識(shi)的天然(ran)教科書(shu)。

動植物資源

高格斯臺特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然地(di)理條件(jian)得以保(bao)存(cun)了眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生物物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。初(chu)步科(ke)學考察證實，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)7個植被型、33個群系；有(you)(you)(you)(you)苔鮮植物132種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、蕨類(lei)(lei)植物10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植物700種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。發(fa)現(xian)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)苔蘚(xian)新記錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、內蒙古新記錄9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、列入《珍稀瀕危(wei)野(ye)生動(dong)植物國(guo)(guo)際貿易公約》保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)植物5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)內蒙古珍稀瀕危(wei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)野(ye)生大(da)型真菌160種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物241種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、爬行類(lei)(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)182種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)37種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)鴇、大(da)天鵝、蓑羽(yu)鶴(he)、白枕(zhen)鶴(he)、黑琴雞(ji)、雕鸮(xiao)、烏雕、紅(hong)腳隼等國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)馬(ma)鹿(lu)、猞猁等國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)昆蟲1293種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)昆蟲新記錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)境內發(fa)現(xian)半翅目昆蟲新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，定名為巴氏直(zhi)緣長(chang)蝽(chun),保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)是(shi)該種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)昆蟲模式(shi)標本采集地(di)。高格斯臺是(shi)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)殖地(di)和野(ye)生馬(ma)鹿(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)園(yuan)。大(da)鴇、黑鸛、蓑羽(yu)鶴(he)、黑琴雞(ji)等珍稀瀕危(wei)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)均在此筑巢繁(fan)殖；這里保(bao)存(cun)了我國(guo)(guo)馬(ma)鹿(lu)（東北亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）十分重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群，無論春夏(xia)秋冬，都隨(sui)處(chu)可見馬(ma)鹿(lu)活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蹤(zong)影(ying)。

旅游資源

罕(han)山(shan)位于內蒙古(gu)自治區阿魯科爾(er)沁(qin)旗巴彥溫(wen)都蘇木(mu)北部，是屬于大(da)(da)興安嶺的(de)支(zhi)脈。由眾多(duo)高(gao)大(da)(da)的(de)山(shan)峰(feng)組(zu)成(cheng)，其中高(gao)格斯臺罕(han)山(shan)海拔1531米，因(yin)山(shan)勢高(gao)大(da)(da)雄偉，頂部平坦，植物低矮，故名高(gao)大(da)(da)平頂山(shan)。它與東南方(fang)的(de)巴岱山(shan)和西南方(fang)的(de)烏蘭山(shan)，構成(cheng)了綠樹(shu)如屏，繁花(hua)如云的(de)“美三角”。山(shan)上云霧繚繞(rao)，泉水叮咚可(ke)見，山(shan)下百花(hua)爭艷(yan)，四周(zhou)群峰(feng)疊(die)翠(cui)。這里樹(shu)木(mu)成(cheng)蔭，鳥語花(hua)香，更(geng)因(yin)盛產(chan)的(de)“罕(han)山(shan)四寶(bao)”--鹿(lu)群、蕨菜、黃花(hua)、木(mu)耳而(er)聞名遐邇。

旅(lv)游區內(nei)山(shan)(shan)路平緩，游人可乘車一直到山(shan)(shan)頂，這里谷(gu)深峰高、氣(qi)候溫和濕潤。春季(ji)柳舒花(hua)放、萬紫千紅。夏季(ji)草原碧綠、鳥語花(hua)香(xiang)、林海莽(mang)莽(mang)、綠樹(shu)如(ru)屏、高山(shan)(shan)流水(shui)、云霧(wu)繚繞(rao)。秋季(ji)，金風(feng)送爽、楓葉如(ru)火、天高云淡、奶酒飄香(xiang)。冬季(ji)，千里冰封、銀裝(zhuang)素裹、原野空曠、禽獸(shou)出沒。旅(lv)游者還可以走(zou)進蒙古包，喝上飄香(xiang)的奶茶，吃上可口的手(shou)抓肉，盡情(qing)(qing)領略蒙古族(zu)民情(qing)(qing)。

生態價值

保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)對(dui)保(bao)護我國重要(yao)的生物資源(yuan)基(ji)因庫，同時(shi)對(dui)阻擋蒙古高原(yuan)風沙向南侵襲(xi)具(ju)有重要(yao)的生態(tai)屏(ping)障(zhang)作用。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)主要(yao)保(bao)護對(dui)象的典(dian)型性(xing)(xing)(xing)、稀有性(xing)(xing)(xing)、瀕危性(xing)(xing)(xing)和代表性(xing)(xing)(xing)較強，在保(bao)護生物多樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)資源(yuan)、維持生態(tai)系統(tong)良性(xing)(xing)(xing)循環等方面(mian)具(ju)有重要(yao)作用。