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云霧山(shan)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)（Yunwushan Nature Re-Serve） 中(zhong)國(guo)第(di)2個草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)。屬黃土(tu)高原(yuan)(yuan)長(chang)芒草(cao)(cao)群系(xi)保(bao)留較好的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型地區(qu)，對開(kai)展草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)研究，探索草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)、畜牧(mu)、水(shui)土(tu)保(bao)持間的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)科(ke)研價(jia)值。位(wei)于寧夏固原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)東北(bei)，為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)溫帶半干旱(han)黃土(tu)丘陵低山(shan)區(qu)。已劃定自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)面積1300公頃。海拔(ba)多在(zai)1800～1900米，頂峰(feng)2148米。年均溫6℃，年降水(shui)量約350～400毫米，土(tu)壤主要(yao)為(wei)(wei)淡(dan)黑(hei)壚土(tu)。有(you)種子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)181種，其(qi)中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)140多種，包括(kuo)飼用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)110種，藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)41種；脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)80種。共(gong)有(you)典(dian)型草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)、草(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)、荒漠草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)生(sheng)落(luo)葉闊葉灌叢和耐旱(han)落(luo)葉灌叢等5個植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)亞型，11個重(zhong)要(yao)群系(xi)。其(qi)中(zhong)以典(dian)型草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)芒草(cao)(cao)群系(xi)占優勢，為(wei)(wei)黃土(tu)高原(yuan)(yuan)叢生(sheng)禾草(cao)(cao)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)代表類型。其(qi)次為(wei)(wei)百里香、鐵桿蒿、茭蒿、委(wei)陵菜等。經幾年來的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)，草(cao)(cao)場生(sheng)產力已由畝(mu)產鮮草(cao)(cao)100～150千(qian)克提高到400～600千(qian)克，是良好的(de)(de)(de)常年牧(mu)場。

歷史

1982年，固原(yuan)縣在云霧山建(jian)立了面(mian)積達4000公(gong)頃的草原(yuan)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)，1995年被列為(wei)省(區(qu)(qu))級自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)，這也是我(wo)國(guo)黃土高(gao)原(yuan)建(jian)立的第一個草地(di)類(lei)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)。

地理環境

云霧山主

云霧(wu)山(shan)草原(yuan)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)峰海(hai)拔(ba)2128米，山(shan)基由白云巖、紅(hong)色砂(sha)礫組成，土(tu)壤(rang)為地(di)灰褐(he)土(tu)和(he)淡黑(hei)壚土(tu)，生長草甸植被。

自然資源

保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內有(you)植(zhi)物51科131屬182種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，動物40科74屬80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，益蟲(chong)14科28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蜘蛛5科7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)所保(bao)(bao)護的對象就(jiu)是這(zhe)些草原植(zhi)被及其生(sheng)態系統(tong)，包(bao)括氣(qi)候、土(tu)壤、昆蟲(chong)、野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物、微生(sheng)物等。

生態保護

自(zi)80年云(yun)霧山草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護區自(zi)然(ran)(ran)風光代中期于(yu)日本、美國、德(de)國等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態學(xue)(xue)、土(tu)壤學(xue)(xue)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性等(deng)方面的科(ke)學(xue)(xue)家開展(zhan)了合作研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，目前已(yi)成(cheng)為中國科(ke)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)水利(li)部(bu)水土(tu)保(bao)持研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)、西北農林(lin)科(ke)技大學(xue)(xue)、蘭(lan)州大學(xue)(xue)、寧(ning)夏(xia)大學(xue)(xue)草(cao)業(ye)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)培(pei)養(yang)、農業(ye)部(bu)狐貍野性化(hua)馴養(yang)和國家林(lin)業(ye)局退(tui)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統定(ding)位(wei)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)基(ji)地(di)及全(quan)球氣候變化(hua)定(ding)位(wei)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)點，經過近(jin)30年的封禁(jin)和草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統定(ding)位(wei)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態經濟社(she)會效(xiao)益顯著，已(yi)成(cheng)為我國西部(bu)草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)植被(bei)恢復(fu)與草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)修復(fu)的一個成(cheng)功典范，為國家退(tui)耕還林(lin)草(cao)與地(di)方封山禁(jin)牧工程的實(shi)施提供了重要科(ke)學(xue)(xue)依據。

天然草地自然修復成效顯著

20世紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代初期，在區域考察的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，我們提(ti)出(chu)并在我國(guo)西部寧夏固(gu)原(yuan)(yuan)云(yun)霧(wu)山(shan)建(jian)立了(le)最早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區，封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)面(mian)積由0.23萬(wan)hm已(yi)擴大(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1 萬(wan)hm。通過近(jin)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)定(ding)位(wei)試(shi)驗，根據草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)退(tui)(tui)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)采(cai)取封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)、改良、補播等草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)技術途徑，使退(tui)(tui)化(hua)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類成(cheng)分(fen)、牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育和(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)條件得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)全面(mian)改善，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)產力有(you)了(le)很大(da)提(ti)高，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)群(qun)(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類成(cheng)分(fen)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)顯(xian)著變(bian)化(hua)。封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)初期，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)僅為(wei)53種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中灌木(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)半(ban)(ban)灌木(mu)(mu)(mu)占8%，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)占92%，多數(shu)以旱生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)組成(cheng)，物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)/m。隨封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)期延(yan)長(chang)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)逐(zhu)漸增加(jia)(jia)，封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第15年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1996年(nian)(nian)(nian))，物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)峰值，平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)/m，是未(wei)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.1倍，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)186種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，是未(wei)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3.5倍，其中灌木(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)半(ban)(ban)灌木(mu)(mu)(mu)占12%，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)占88%，多數(shu)以中生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)中旱生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)組成(cheng)，并出(chu)現(xian)大(da)量森林草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌木(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)覆蓋度(du)由35%提(ti)高到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)95%，生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)量由750提(ti)高到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)7560kg/hm。特別是在1986和(he)1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)降雨量274.8mm和(he)259.7mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)旱年(nian)(nian)(nian)份，寧夏固(gu)原(yuan)(yuan)2/3的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方由于(yu)干旱缺草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)造成(cheng)60%~70%牲畜死亡(wang)，但封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和(he)改良草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鄉村5.0~6.0萬(wan)頭(tou)牲畜得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)挽(wan)救(jiu)，直接減少(shao)(shao)經濟損失500萬(wan)元，充分(fen)發(fa)揮了(le)"自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區"和(he)改良草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯(xian)著作(zuo)用，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區生(sheng)(sheng)態、經濟、社(she)會效益顯(xian)著，受(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)各(ge)級政府及(ji)群(qun)(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致贊揚，得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)地(di)(di)(di)方政府表彰和(he)獎勵。但封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)15年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)隨封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延(yan)長(chang)，物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)趨于(yu)下降，第24-28年(nian)(nian)(nian)(2008年(nian)(nian)(nian))物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)僅為(wei)19.1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)/m。封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)期過長(chang)因枯草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)層加(jia)(jia)厚而影響(xiang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)更(geng)新與物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)性(xing)增加(jia)(jia)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)土壤種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)庫研究表明，云(yun)霧(wu)山(shan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)土壤種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)庫在空間分(fen)布上(shang)呈現(xian)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)律性(xing)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)密度(du)在垂直分(fen)布上(shang)呈現(xian)出(chu)由表層土壤向深層逐(zhu)層減少(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)規(gui)律，水平(ping)分(fen)布上(shang)變(bian)化(hua)規(gui)律為(wei):封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)>放(fang)牧;陰坡>陽坡;下坡>中坡>上(shang)坡，這些均(jun)是影響(xiang)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)性(xing)增加(jia)(jia)和(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)繁殖(zhi)更(geng)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵問題。

通過(guo)近30年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)自然(ran)封(feng)(feng)禁(jin)試(shi)驗(yan)，明確提出草(cao)地恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)適宜(yi)封(feng)(feng)禁(jin)期:在(zai)(zai)半(ban)干旱區(qu)森林草(cao)原(yuan)地帶(dai)，草(cao)甸植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)適宜(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)期為3~5年(nian)(nian)(nian)，方(fang)(fang)可進行合(he)理的(de)(de)放牧或刈(yi)(yi)割(ge)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，對(dui)利(li)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)度退(tui)(tui)化嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)草(cao)甸植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)平水年(nian)(nian)(nian)需要封(feng)(feng)禁(jin)8~12年(nian)(nian)(nian);在(zai)(zai)典型(xing)草(cao)原(yuan)地帶(dai)，草(cao)地植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)適宜(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)期為5~8年(nian)(nian)(nian)，方(fang)(fang)可進行合(he)理刈(yi)(yi)割(ge)和放牧利(li)用(yong)(yong)，退(tui)(tui)化嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)草(cao)地植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)平水年(nian)(nian)(nian)約需封(feng)(feng)禁(jin)10~15年(nian)(nian)(nian);在(zai)(zai)荒漠草(cao)原(yuan)地帶(dai)，草(cao)地植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)適宜(yi)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)期為10~12年(nian)(nian)(nian)，方(fang)(fang)可進行合(he)理的(de)(de)刈(yi)(yi)割(ge)和放牧利(li)用(yong)(yong)，退(tui)(tui)化嚴重(zhong)草(cao)地在(zai)(zai)平水年(nian)(nian)(nian)約需封(feng)(feng)禁(jin)15~20年(nian)(nian)(nian)。這一(yi)結論通過(guo)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)驗(yan)證，已建立了示范樣板，為同(tong)類型(xing)區(qu)天然(ran)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)提供了重(zhong)要科學依(yi)據。

封禁草地自然演替過程與規律

通過(guo)近30年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封禁(jin)(jin)試驗，首(shou)次劃分(fen)了(le)草(cao)地植被恢復(fu)(fu)與(yu)時序演替(ti)過(guo)程，分(fen)為(wei)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan):第一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)持(chi)續增長(chang)聚集階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，即在(zai)封禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1~3年(nian)內(nei)以本氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)鄉土種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)群(qun)(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)其它優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、伴(ban)生種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)偶見種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不斷(duan)適應新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生境，各(ge)項生長(chang)指標穩定(ding)增長(chang);第二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)激烈(lie)競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，也是封禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第4~9年(nian)，植物數(shu)量(liang)大幅(fu)度(du)(du)增長(chang)，并(bing)適應了(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生境，且相互展開了(le)激烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)與(yu)自然選擇;第三階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)建(jian)群(qun)(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)速恢復(fu)(fu)演替(ti)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，即封禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10~15年(nian)，植物在(zai)激烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)競(jing)(jing)爭(zheng)中"物競(jing)(jing)天擇、適者生存"，本氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)形(xing)成(cheng)明顯建(jian)群(qun)(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，并(bing)不斷(duan)加(jia)速種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恢復(fu)(fu)與(yu)擴展, 且已(yi)達到(dao)(dao)"亞頂極(ji)";第四(si)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)建(jian)群(qun)(qun)(qun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)居(ju)生長(chang)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，封禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)16~21年(nian)本氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化基本穩定(ding)在(zai)19株/m，占群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)總數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90.5%，已(yi)達到(dao)(dao)"亞頂極(ji)";第五(wu)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)22~28年(nian)本氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)繁殖(zhi)受(shou)枯草(cao)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，個(ge)(ge)體(ti)數(shu)量(liang)急劇下(xia)降，優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大針(zhen)(zhen)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)巨增，密度(du)(du)為(wei)16~26株/m，有(you)替(ti)代本氏(shi)針(zhen)(zhen)茅(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。同(tong)時在(zai)草(cao)原(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)生長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)道還(huan)出現大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中生灌木(mu)，多為(wei)森林草(cao)原(yuan)區成(cheng)分(fen)，已(yi)由草(cao)原(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)坡(po)下(xia)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陰坡(po)或(huo)半陰坡(po)以片狀(zhuang)(zhuang)分(fen)布，逐漸向草(cao)原(yuan)腹地呈零(ling)星狀(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)侵，使草(cao)原(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演替(ti)進入(ru)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拐點，直到(dao)(dao)封禁(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第28年(nian)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐富度(du)(du)仍保持(chi)在(zai)148種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，具(ju)有(you)典型草(cao)原(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)向森林草(cao)原(yuan)群(qun)(qun)(qun)落(luo)類型演替(ti)發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢。

封禁草地適度刈割利用技術

在黃土高(gao)(gao)原典型草(cao)原地(di)帶(dai)，通過(guo)不同(tong)刈割強度(du)(du)試驗，表明適度(du)(du)刈割可使草(cao)地(di)保持較高(gao)(gao)的物種多樣性和(he)生產力，并能促進草(cao)地(di)物質(zhi)平衡及良性循(xun)環，為封禁草(cao)地(di)的合理刈割利用(yong)提供(gong)了重(zhong)要依(yi)據。