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地理

在秦嶺中(zhong)段南坡(po)腹地(di)座(zuo)落著一(yi)處(chu)以保護大(da)熊貓(mao)、羚牛(niu)、金絲猴、林麝等珍稀野生(sheng)動物及其棲息環(huan)境的自(zi)然保護區，這就是新興的陜西摩天嶺自(zi)然保護區。

摩天(tian)嶺(ling)(ling)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)位于陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)的(de)留(liu)(liu)壩(ba)縣(xian)(xian)上南(nan)(nan)河境內，距(ju)留(liu)(liu)壩(ba)縣(xian)(xian)城33公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，連(lian)(lian)接316國(guo)道和(he)210省(sheng)道。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)東與(yu)城固縣(xian)(xian)盤龍鄉接壤，北(bei)與(yu)留(liu)(liu)壩(ba)桑(sang)園(yuan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)毗鄰，西(xi)(xi)(xi)與(yu)留(liu)(liu)壩(ba)縣(xian)(xian)桑(sang)園(yuan)壩(ba)鄉小川子村、江(jiang)口鎮鐵觀溝村相連(lian)(lian)，南(nan)(nan)和(he)留(liu)(liu)壩(ba)縣(xian)(xian)武關(guan)驛鎮上南(nan)(nan)河村及松(song)樹壩(ba)村交界。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)獨立溝系(xi)，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬約18.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，東西(xi)(xi)(xi)長約50公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，面積(ji)為(wei)8520公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。其(qi)中(zhong)，核(he)心區(qu)(qu)面積(ji)2804公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)面積(ji)2510公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，實驗區(qu)(qu)面積(ji)3206公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶濕(shi)(shi)潤季(ji)風山(shan)地氣(qi)候(hou)，氣(qi)候(hou)季(ji)節性(xing)變化和(he)垂直梯度變化差(cha)異明(ming)顯，構成(cheng)了(le)氣(qi)候(hou)的(de)多樣性(xing)，具有“夏(xia)無(wu)(wu)酷暑，冬(dong)無(wu)(wu)嚴寒(han)，冬(dong)長夏(xia)短，春(chun)秋近半(ban)”的(de)特點.年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.5℃,最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)35.8℃，最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-4.4℃，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水量886.3毫米，屬(shu)亞熱帶北(bei)緣山(shan)地暖溫(wen)(wen)帶濕(shi)(shi)潤季(ji)風性(xing)氣(qi)候(hou)類型。摩天(tian)嶺(ling)(ling)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)地處秦(qin)嶺(ling)(ling)南(nan)(nan)坡中(zhong)段，秦(qin)嶺(ling)(ling)主脊太白(bai)山(shan)矗立在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)北(bei)部(bu)，成(cheng)為(wei)冬(dong)季(ji)阻擋(dang)北(bei)方寒(han)流(liu)的(de)天(tian)然屏(ping)障，夏(xia)秋東南(nan)(nan)季(ji)風沿漢江(jiang)谷地到達本(ben)區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)高山(shan)地帶，形成(cheng)環(huan)流(liu)，使本(ben)區(qu)(qu)具有充沛的(de)降(jiang)雨(yu)及濕(shi)(shi)潤性(xing)氣(qi)候(hou)，有利于森林(lin)植被(bei)的(de)生長。

在海拔(ba)1100米以(yi)下為亞熱帶常(chang)綠(lv)落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林帶；海拔(ba)1100米以(yi)上(shang)為含常(chang)綠(lv)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林帶；在海拔(ba)1500米以(yi)上(shang)，大(da)(da)面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)箭竹、木竹與落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)混生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，是(shi)(shi)構成(cheng)(cheng)竹林的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)，為大(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存提供了穩(wen)定而(er)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食物(wu)(wu)(wu)來(lai)源。據調查(cha)，區內(nei)共有(you)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)471屬(shu)，1146種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。列為國家珍稀瀕(bin)危(wei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中I級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，銀杏、紅(hong)豆杉；II級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，連香樹、鵝(e)掌揪(jiu)、山毛櫸、小青樹、蘭科(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)等。陜西省重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。秦嶺(ling)(ling)在動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地理上(shang)是(shi)(shi)東洋界和古北界的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)界線，兩大(da)(da)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區系種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類在南北坡(po)相(xiang)互滲(shen)透及過渡(du)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)摩天(tian)嶺(ling)(ling)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區系，組成(cheng)(cheng)具有(you)復雜(za)、原(yuan)始及孑遺性和多態(tai)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征。區內(nei)有(you)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)78科(ke)，261種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中屬(shu)國家一(yi)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)、羚(ling)牛、金絲(si)猴、豹、林麝、金雕6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；屬(shu)國家二(er)級(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)紅(hong)腹錦雞、白冠長尾雉、豹貓(mao)、蘇門羚(ling)、斑羚(ling)、金雞、黑熊(xiong)等29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境條件，完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)山地森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統，豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性，是(shi)(shi)進(jin)行生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源、森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、自然地理、水文、氣象(xiang)、森(sen)林土壤等多學科(ke)研究和教學實(shi)習的(de)(de)(de)(de)基地，也是(shi)(shi)普及自然科(ke)學知(zhi)識，進(jin)行環(huan)境教育的(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)堂和天(tian)然實(shi)驗室(shi)。

2007年(nian)初，中(zhong)科(ke)院(yuan)動物(wu)(wu)研(yan)究(jiu)所，中(zhong)科(ke)院(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態研(yan)究(jiu)所及(ji)美國密歇(xie)根(gen)洲立大(da)(da)學生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)心相(xiang)(xiang)繼對(dui)摩(mo)天(tian)嶺(ling)(ling)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境及(ji)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)伴生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)進行了科(ke)學考察，專(zhuan)家(jia)們一致認為(wei)，同(tong)我省(sheng)新(xin)建(jian)的幾(ji)(ji)家(jia)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，摩(mo)天(tian)嶺(ling)(ling)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的植被恢復、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境是好的，適(shi)宜大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)處秦(qin)嶺(ling)(ling)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)群(qun)的西部邊緣地(di)帶，區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位優勢(shi)為(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)棲(qi)息(xi)地(di)創造了條件，大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)伴生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)竹子資(zi)源(yuan)十分豐富，分布有秦(qin)嶺(ling)(ling)箭竹、巴山木竹等(deng)占保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面積的45%。近幾(ji)(ji)年(nian)來得到了省(sheng)林業廳(ting)和省(sheng)森林資(zi)源(yuan)管理局以及(ji)世(shi)界(jie)自然基金(jin)會（WWF）的大(da)(da)力支持，各項建(jian)設工作進展有序，使區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域內大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)、羚牛等(deng)珍(zhen)稀(xi)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)的棲(qi)息(xi)地(di)面積不斷增(zeng)加，野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)棲(qi)息(xi)環境得到改善，區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)的數(shu)量穩中(zhong)有升(sheng)，活動范圍逐漸擴(kuo)大(da)(da)。

摩(mo)天(tian)(tian)嶺自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)所在(zai)的(de)(de)周邊社區(qu)(qu)總人口(kou)為(wei)5354人。其中留壩(ba)縣武關驛鎮的(de)(de)上南河村(cun)、松(song)樹壩(ba)村(cun)農(nong)業人口(kou)1224人，小川子村(cun)、鐵觀溝村(cun)農(nong)業人口(kou)1400人，城固(gu)縣盤龍鄉農(nong)業人口(kou)2730人。天(tian)(tian)保(bao)(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)實施前，農(nong)民的(de)(de)經濟收入(ru)主要靠木材采(cai)伐(fa)、加工(gong)和運(yun)輸等產業，為(wei)了(le)切(qie)實加強對這一區(qu)(qu)域野生動(dong)、植物(wu)資(zi)源的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，2002年8月，經陜西(xi)(xi)省人民政(zheng)府批準，建立(li)了(le)陜西(xi)(xi)摩(mo)天(tian)(tian)嶺自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)理局(為(wei)獨立(li)機構)。成立(li)了(le)摩(mo)天(tian)(tian)嶺自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)管(guan)理局綜合辦(ban)公(gong)室，下達人員編制95人，下設漆(qi)樹溝、東(dong)溝、文川河三個保(bao)(bao)護(hu)站(zhan)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)自(zi)(zi)成立(li)之日(ri)起，就(jiu)一直(zhi)致力于發揮其連接太白山(shan)大(da)熊貓(mao)居(ju)群棲息(xi)(xi)地(di)秦嶺南坡西(xi)(xi)部邊緣地(di)帶(dai)的(de)(de)重要作(zuo)用。積(ji)極與世(shi)界自(zi)(zi)然基(ji)金會進行了(le)野外巡護(hu)監測等多方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)合作(zuo)。通(tong)過幾年來(lai)的(de)(de)不(bu)懈努力，扎(zha)實的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，使得區(qu)(qu)域內大(da)熊貓(mao)等珍稀(xi)野生動(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)棲息(xi)(xi)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不(bu)斷增(zeng)加，野生動(dong)物(wu)棲息(xi)(xi)環境(jing)得到(dao)更好改善，區(qu)(qu)內大(da)熊貓(mao)的(de)(de)數量(liang)穩中有升(sheng)，活動(dong)范圍不(bu)斷擴大(da)。同時加強保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)宣傳力度(du)，強化保(bao)(bao)護(hu)意識，提高(gao)了(le)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)影響力。

影響

摩天嶺自然保護區(qu)作為(wei)秦嶺自然保護區(qu)網絡中的(de)一個，其原始(shi)的(de)自然景觀(guan)，豐富的(de)生物多(duo)樣(yang)性、完整的(de)森林生態系統和重(zhong)要的(de)生物地(di)理位置(zhi)，以及周邊諸多(duo)的(de)三國古文化遺跡與人文景觀(guan)，正向人們展示著它的(de)神奇與美(mei)麗(li)！