2000年(nian)4月,國(guo)(guo)務院文件(jian)批準建(jian)立長江上游(you)合江至雷波(bo)段珍稀魚類國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)。
2005年4月,國(guo)務院對保(bao)護區范圍作了調整,并更名為“長江(jiang)上(shang)游珍稀(xi)特有魚類國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區”。
保(bao)護區江(jiang)段(duan)總長度為(wei)1162.61公(gong)里,總面(mian)積為(wei)33174.213公(gong)頃,涉(she)及云南、貴州(zhou)、重慶(qing)、四川四省一(yi)市。主要包括(kuo)金沙江(jiang)向家壩(ba)壩(ba)軸線下1.8km至重慶(qing)馬桑溪長江(jiang)江(jiang)段(duan)353.16km,岷江(jiang)月波至岷江(jiang)河(he)(he)口90.1km,赤水河(he)(he)源至赤水河(he)(he)河(he)(he)口628.23km。其中,核心區10803.5公(gong)頃,緩沖區15804.6公(gong)頃,實驗區6566.1公(gong)頃。
保護區(qu)(qu)范圍涉(she)及(ji)流經包(bao)括(kuo)貴州、云南、四川和重慶(qing)四省、市在(zai)內的長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游(you)(you)流域(yu)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游(you)(you)珍稀、特有魚(yu)類國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)(qu)面積33174.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)10803.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),緩沖區(qu)(qu)15804.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),實驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)6566.1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),主要保護對象仍(reng)然為白鱘、達氏鱘、胭脂魚(yu)等長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游(you)(you)珍稀特有魚(yu)類及(ji)其產卵場。范圍在(zai)東經104°9′至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)106°30′,北(bei)緯27°29′至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)29°4′之間,包(bao)括(kuo)建(jian)成后(hou)的金沙江(jiang)(jiang)向(xiang)家壩(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站壩(ba)軸線下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)1.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里處至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重慶(qing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)馬(ma)桑(sang)溪(xi)(xi)江(jiang)(jiang)段,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)353.16公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里;赤(chi)(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)源至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)628.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里;岷江(jiang)(jiang)月波至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岷江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)90.1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里;越溪(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)碼頭上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謝(xie)家巖,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)32.1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里;長(chang)(chang)(chang)寧河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)古河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)鎮至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江(jiang)(jiang)安縣,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)13.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,南廣河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)落角星至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南廣鎮,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)6.18公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里;永寧河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)渠壩(ba)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永寧河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)20.63公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里;沱江(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)胡(hu)市鎮至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沱江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口,長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)17.01公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里。調整(zheng)后(hou)的保護區(qu)(qu)設核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)5處,分(fen)別是:金沙江(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)三塊石以上(shang)500米至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游(you)(you)南溪(xi)(xi)鎮,長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游(you)(you)彌陀鎮至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)松既(ji)鎮,赤(chi)(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)干(gan)流上(shang)游(you)(you)魚(yu)洞至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白車村,赤(chi)(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)干(gan)流中游(you)(you)五馬(ma)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大同河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口,赤(chi)(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)干(gan)流習(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)口。
截至2009年(nian),保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區水域分布(bu)有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)189種(zhong)(zhong),屬(shu)9目21科99屬(shu),浮游(you)植物6門53屬(shu),浮游(you)動物51屬(shu)87種(zhong)(zhong),維(wei)管束植物24屬(shu)33種(zhong)(zhong),底棲動物40屬(shu)50種(zhong)(zhong)。長江上游(you)珍(zhen)稀(xi)特有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區主要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象(xiang)是珍(zhen)稀(xi)特有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)及其(qi)生境(jing)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內屬(shu)于國家一級(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)2種(zhong)(zhong),即(ji)白鱘、達氏鱘、二級(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)1種(zhong)(zhong),為胭脂魚(yu)。此外(wai)還有(you)長江上游(you)特有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)66種(zhong)(zhong)。
為(wei)維護長江(jiang)上游(you)魚(yu)類種群(qun)多樣性和長江(jiang)上游(you)自然(ran)生態環境,合理(li)持(chi)續利用漁業資源,補救因(yin)水(shui)電工程建(jian)設和經濟(ji)建(jian)設等人為(wei)因(yin)素對自然(ran)生態系統造成(cheng)的影響,及時拯救長江(jiang)上游(you)瀕(bin)危魚(yu)類。
四川省(sheng)、貴(gui)州省(sheng)、云南省(sheng)、重慶市及有(you)關市、縣都已設立了保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)管(guan)理(li)局(處、站(zhan)),在農業部統一領導協調下開展了大量的保(bao)護管(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)。法律法規(gui)制定(ding)、管(guan)護設施建(jian)設、漁民(min)轉(zhuan)產專業、珍稀特有(you)魚(yu)類增殖放流、保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)資源環境監測、社會經濟調查(cha)、科學研究等工作(zuo)正有(you)效開展。
宜賓市在保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)范圍的區(qu)(qu)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有二(er)區(qu)(qu)四縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),分(fen)別是翠屏區(qu)(qu)、南溪(xi)區(qu)(qu)、屏山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、宜賓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、江安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、長寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),宜賓市水產漁政(zheng)局同時(shi)增(zeng)掛國家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)管理處,管理轄區(qu)(qu)內(nei)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)工作。
重(zhong)(zhong)慶段保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)機構設(she)(she)(she)“一(yi)局、三處(chu)、兩站(zhan)”。重(zhong)(zhong)慶保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)管(guan)理局依托重(zhong)(zhong)慶市漁(yu)政漁(yu)港監督管(guan)理處(chu)建立。在長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)巴南(nan)區(qu)漁(yu)洞江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段設(she)(she)(she)置“巴南(nan)管(guan)理處(chu)”,在長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)津市幾江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段設(she)(she)(she)置“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)津管(guan)理處(chu)”,并分別(bie)在朱揚鎮(zhen)、白沙鎮(zhen)設(she)(she)(she)置保(bao)護(hu)(hu)站(zhan),在長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)永川(chuan)(chuan)市松既鎮(zhen)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段設(she)(she)(she)置“永川(chuan)(chuan)管(guan)理處(chu)”。管(guan)理機構人員(yuan)編制共(gong)計32人。采用和(he)當地漁(yu)政部門合署管(guan)理方(fang)式(shi),實行“一(yi)套人馬(ma),兩塊牌子”。