西藏芒康(kang)滇金絲猴(hou)國家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區原(yuan)名(ming)西藏紅拉山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區，1985年(nian)被(bei)芒康(kang)縣列(lie)為縣級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區；
1987年至1988年經(jing)西(xi)藏自治區珍(zhen)惜(xi)野生動(dong)物考察隊考察，確(que)認(ren)為(wei)當地百姓(xing)稱(cheng)之為(wei)“準察”的滇金絲猴是(shi)世界瀕臨滅絕長(chang)類(lei)；
1992年被西(xi)藏列為自治區級自然保護區；
2002年11月晉升為(wei)國家級自然保護區。
西(xi)藏(zang)芒(mang)康滇金絲(si)猴國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)位于西(xi)藏(zang)東部昌都地(di)區(qu)芒(mang)康縣(xian)境(jing)內。地(di)理坐標為東經98°20′～98°59′，北緯28°48′～29°40′之間。
西藏芒康滇金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區地(di)形特(te)征(zheng)是相對高(gao)差大、緯(wei)度較低、強烈深切、地(di)形破碎。山(shan)高(gao)、谷狹、坡(po)陡，裸露巖石(shi)與山(shan)底(di)原始森(sen)林交叉鑲嵌是保護區最為典型的地(di)貌特(te)點(dian)。
西藏芒康滇金絲猴國家(jia)級自(zi)然保護(hu)區海拔3500～4500米，受西南(nan)(nan)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)影響，冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)候溫暖、晴朗和(he)干燥；夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)，來(lai)自(zi)印度洋孟加拉灣(wan)的西南(nan)(nan)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)暖濕氣(qi)流和(he)來(lai)自(zi)太平洋的東南(nan)(nan)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)暖濕氣(qi)流相遇，在此形成(cheng)降(jiang)水。年降(jiang)水和(he)溫度的分布極不均勻，具有典(dian)型的山地氣(qi)候特點。
西藏(zang)芒康滇(dian)金絲(si)猴(hou)國家級自然保護區主要河(he)流(liu)有金沙江、瀾滄江及(ji)兩江支流(liu)。
西(xi)藏芒康滇(dian)金絲猴國家級(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)以紅拉(la)山為主，東西(xi)寬約30公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，南北長96公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)185300公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，共分為2個核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、4個緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)及2個實驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為87090公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)（其(qi)中(zhong)朋波拉(la)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)50740公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，與(yu)云南白馬雪山國家級(ji)(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)相(xiang)連；美德核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)36350公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)）占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)47%，主要是(shi)滇(dian)金絲猴棲息地及原始針葉林分布區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)；緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為45770公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)（其(qi)中(zhong)日根(gen)緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)18690公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)；麻吉緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)6460公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)；門巴緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)8220公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)；小昌(chang)都-亞中(zhong)緩(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)12400公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)），占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)24.7%；試驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為52440公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)（其(qi)中(zhong)鹽井實驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)9620公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)；徐中(zhong)-普拉(la)實驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)42820公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)），占(zhan)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)28.3%。
西(xi)藏芒康滇金絲猴(hou)國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護區主(zhu)要保護對象為國(guo)家一級(ji)保護動物滇金絲猴(hou)、斑尾榛雞、馬來熊(xiong)、綠(lv)尾虹雉等珍惜瀕危動物及其生態系(xi)統。
①保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)緯度高，山(shan)(shan)高谷深(shen)，山(shan)(shan)高谷深(shen)的(de)(de)地(di)形使區(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)原始森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)比較(jiao)完好。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)立體氣(qi)候明顯，森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)植被保(bao)(bao)存(cun)較(jiao)好，森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率70%～80%，森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)類(lei)型有闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)、針闊(kuo)混成林(lin)(lin)、高山(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)等(deng)(deng)，分布著云(yun)南(nan)紅豆杉、油(you)麥(mai)吊云(yun)杉、云(yun)杉、冷杉、紅松(song)、雪松(song)、高山(shan)(shan)松(song)、高山(shan)(shan)棟(dong)、高山(shan)(shan)柳(liu)、紅柳(liu)、白柳(liu)、山(shan)(shan)楊(yang)、云(yun)松(song)、高山(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)等(deng)(deng)珍貴(gui)林(lin)(lin)木。
保護區(qu)(qu)有維(wei)管束植(zhi)物(wu)79科(ke)(ke)235屬447種(zhong)，其(qi)中蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)4科(ke)(ke)4屬4種(zhong)；還有種(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)231屬，其(qi)中裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)4科(ke)(ke)7屬14種(zhong)，被子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)71科(ke)(ke)224屬429種(zhong)。按資源用途分，區(qu)(qu)內有經濟植(zhi)物(wu)69科(ke)(ke)130屬157種(zhong)，其(qi)中藥用植(zhi)物(wu)52科(ke)(ke)107屬132種(zhong)。
名貴的(de)藥(yao)材主要有冬蟲夏草、知母、貝母、大黃、胡黃連、紅景天(tian)、當歸、黨(dang)參、三七(qi)等(deng)。名藏藥(yao)珍珠七(qi)十丸、二十丸、常覺(jue)等(deng)飲譽藏東，馳名區(qu)內外。
②代表植物：紅松(song)
紅松（PinuskoraiensisSieb．etZucc．）又名(ming)果松、海松，是(shi)松科松屬的常綠喬木，為中國重要的珍貴用(yong)材樹種。
云南紅豆杉
其它俗名：紫杉、神木，紅(hong)(hong)豆杉屬(shu)紅(hong)(hong)豆杉科。云南(nan)紅(hong)(hong)豆杉是中(zhong)國(guo)4種(zhong)紅(hong)(hong)豆杉之(zhi)一，是以云南(nan)為(wei)中(zhong)心分布(bu)區(qu)的地(di)方特有(you)種(zhong)。
①自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)位于橫斷山(shan)脈中(zhong)部。南(nan)北走向的(de)(de)山(shan)脈，由于地(di)形、地(di)貌的(de)(de)特殊(shu)性(xing)，造成氣候、土壤和森林(lin)植(zhi)被類(lei)型的(de)(de)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)，為(wei)野(ye)生動物(wu)擴展提供了通道，使保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)蘊育了眾多(duo)的(de)(de)野(ye)生動植(zhi)物(wu)資(zi)源，包(bao)括珍(zhen)稀瀕危物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)滇金絲(si)猴等。區(qu)內(nei)(nei)有脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)19目(mu)39科(ke)158種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)兩棲爬行類(lei)2目(mu)4科(ke)6種(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)11目(mu)21科(ke)95種(zhong)(zhong)；哺(bu)乳動物(wu)6目(mu)14科(ke)57種(zhong)(zhong)。
②保(bao)護區內(nei)除世界上瀕臨(lin)滅絕的同大(da)熊貓一(yi)樣(yang)的珍(zhen)貴的靈長(chang)目類動(dong)物滇金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)外，已(yi)發現(xian)(xian)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護動(dong)物60種(zhong)，其(qi)中有(you)(you)云豹(bao)、雪(xue)豹(bao)、斑尾榛(zhen)雞、綠(lv)尾虹(hong)雉等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)類重(zhong)點保(bao)護動(dong)物12種(zhong)；及(ji)小(xiao)熊貓、猞猁、馬(ma)來熊、藏馬(ma)雞、鸚鵡、禿鷹等(deng)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二類保(bao)護動(dong)物48種(zhong)。區內(nei)其(qi)它珍(zhen)貴動(dong)物還有(you)(you)蘇門羚、林麝(she)、巖羊、白腹(fu)錦雞等(deng)。野生動(dong)物藥材有(you)(you)麝(she)香(xiang)、鹿茸、牛黃、雪(xue)蛙等(deng)。芒康境內(nei)現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)滇金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)700余只，每群在100只左右。?
③代表動物：滇金絲猴
保護區內有三個家族的滇金絲猴。滇金絲猴與大熊貓幾乎同樣珍貴，是堪稱第二國寶的中國一級重點保護動物。金絲猴屬共有4個亞種：越南金絲猴、川金絲猴、黔金絲猴和滇金絲猴，均被列為世界瀕危動物的紅色名單中。滇(dian)金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)(hou)，又稱(cheng)(cheng)黑(hei)抑鼻猴(hou)(hou)，也因(yin)背部黑(hei)褐色，腹(fu)部白色，于(yu)是有人(ren)又稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為黑(hei)猴(hou)(hou)或花猴(hou)(hou)。僅分(fen)布南北長約200公里(li)，東西(xi)不到40公里(li)的云南德(de)欽縣(xian)、芒縣(xian)非常狹窄的區域內。
綠尾虹雉別(bie)名貝母雞，屬于(yu)雞形目雉科，國家一級保護(hu)動物。
斑尾榛雞別(bie)名花尾飛龍、飛龍，屬于雞形(xing)目松雞科，國家一級保護動物。
昌都2014年(nian)開展第二次野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)資源(yuan)調(diao)查取得重(zhong)大發(fa)現：新發(fa)現雪豹、鶚、棕尾鵟、灰(hui)背隼、云(yun)雀(que)和喜馬拉雅斑(ban)羚等多個野(ye)生(sheng)物(wu)種，芒康紅拉山自然(ran)保護區(qu)內國家一級保護動物(wu)滇金絲(si)猴數量從500多只上升到700多只。
西藏(zang)芒(mang)康滇金絲(si)猴(hou)國家級自然(ran)(ran)保護區原名紅拉(la)山(shan)自然(ran)(ran)保護區，紅拉(la)山(shan)生態旅游(you)區距芒(mang)康縣城60公里，海拔2300～4400米，棲息著世界瀕(bin)臨(lin)滅絕的(de)珍稀靈長類動物金絲(si)猴(hou)200多只(zhi)。生態景象壯(zhuang)觀，有雪山(shan)、森林、峽(xia)谷、高山(shan)和深谷等自然(ran)(ran)風(feng)光。保護區內地勢(shi)險峻，但因滇藏(zang)公路貫穿于內，故而是西藏(zang)境內交通相對(dui)便(bian)利的(de)一(yi)個保護區。
西藏芒康(kang)滇金絲(si)猴國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區植物垂直帶與自(zi)然(ran)垂直景觀明顯，生(sheng)態系統獨(du)特，它(ta)是中國(guo)(guo)罕見的低緯(wei)度，高(gao)海拔(ba)的保(bao)護區之一，是中國(guo)(guo)高(gao)原(yuan)林區寶(bao)貴(gui)的生(sheng)物多樣(yang)性的物種(zhong)基因(yin)庫。具(ju)有(you)很高(gao)的自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護和科研(yan)旅(lv)游價值。
青青子衿 
