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歷史沿革

1983年云南省人民政(zheng)府批準建立白馬(ma)雪山省級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區，同時設立保(bao)(bao)護區管理所。

1988年經國(guo)務院批準，將白(bai)馬雪(xue)山列為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)，面積為190144公頃(qing)，成立(li)白(bai)馬雪(xue)山國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)管理(li)局。

2000年經(jing)國務院批準，保(bao)護區進(jin)行了擴建(jian)。

2003年，經(jing)迪慶州委、州人(ren)民政府批(pi)準(zhun)，在(zai)州府所(suo)在(zai)地(di)設立(li)了云南白馬雪山國家(jia)級自然保護區管理局。

2018年(nian)2月8日(ri)，國(guo)務院同意調整白馬雪山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)的范圍，調整后(hou)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)的面(mian)積、范圍和(he)功能分區(qu)(qu)等由環境保(bao)(bao)護部予以(yi)公布。

地理環境

位置

云南白馬雪山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區（以下(xia)(xia)(xia)簡稱保(bao)護(hu)區）保(bao)護(hu)區地(di)(di)跨九個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（鎮），即：德(de)欽縣的升平鎮，奔子欄鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、霞若鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，維西(xi)縣的巴(ba)迪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、葉(xie)枝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、康普鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、白濟汛鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、攀(pan)天閣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和塔城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，地(di)(di)理坐標界于北(bei)緯27°24′-28°36′，東(dong)(dong)經98°57′-99°25′之間。西(xi)北(bei)起(qi)昂吾(wu)丫(ya)口，經赫馬埡卡(ka)、巴(ba)雜(za)埡卡(ka)至(zhi)斯(si)木達江(jiang)邊(bian)；東(dong)(dong)以金沙(sha)江(jiang)為界下(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)奔子欄，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)2838高地(di)(di)山脊(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)至(zhi)資蓋松(song)亞，過格里丫(ya)口，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)山脊(ji)(ji)至(zhi)曾家薄，過珠巴(ba)洛河(he)(he)(he)到霞若村公所(suo)，再(zai)(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)布養坪(ping)后(hou)山上(shang)(shang)至(zhi)4083高地(di)(di)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)落帕米沿(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)有林(lin)界至(zhi)維西(xi)、德(de)欽縣界，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)山脊(ji)(ji)下(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)糯擁3370高地(di)(di)。南沿(yan)(yan)(yan)許貢箐、汝河(he)(he)(he)后(hou)山林(lin)班線(xian)至(zhi)習(xi)究臘普河(he)(he)(he)邊(bian)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)河(he)(he)(he)至(zhi)使垮(kua)底上(shang)(shang)山，過阿茶、日沙(sha)勒、背母座梁子至(zhi)收朵，再(zai)(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)南山后(hou)山至(zhi)馬斯(si)達里河(he)(he)(he)邊(bian)。北(bei)上(shang)(shang)仙(xian)人洞(dong)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)有林(lin)界過小(xiao)羊場、老樓房、石門關、葉(xie)枝后(hou)箐、塞美堵、乍尼那、尼色隴鼓至(zhi)4504高地(di)(di)丫(ya)口，再(zai)(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)白馬雪山山脊(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)至(zhi)昂吾(wu)丫(ya)口。

地貌

白馬雪山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)從白馬雪山(shan)的(de)整個山(shan)體(ti)來看，地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)類型(xing)或(huo)稱一級(ji)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)形態比(bi)較單一， 是一組高(gao)大(da)雄偉的(de)高(gao)山(shan)和極高(gao)山(shan)。其二級(ji)或(huo)三級(ji)微地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)較為(wei)復雜，細(xi)分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)地(di)、峽谷(gu)、寬(kuan)谷(gu)或(huo)河(he)谷(gu)、小平原、冰川凍(dong)土地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)及重力(li)風(feng)化地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)等類型(xing)。

水文

白馬雪山國(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護區內(nei)的(de)河(he)流(liu)數量(liang)眾(zhong)多，除了金沙(sha)江干流(liu)外，還(huan)有(you)一、二級(ji)支流(liu)50余(yu)條。這些河(he)流(liu)除了珠(zhu)巴洛(luo)河(he)為(wei)(wei)較大一級(ji)支流(liu)外（長約(yue)114km），其它(ta)均短小，僅有(you)20km或(huo)更短。從流(liu)域(yu)面積來看，珠(zhu)巴洛(luo)河(he)大，流(liu)域(yu)面積為(wei)(wei)1835平(ping)方公里(li)，其它(ta)河(he)流(liu)的(de)流(liu)域(yu)面積均在(zai)300平(ping)方公里(li)以下。

氣候

白馬雪(xue)山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)全年(nian)盛(sheng)行西(xi)偏南風(feng)，但(dan)冬夏氣流的源地截然不同，仍(reng)屬亞熱帶季風(feng)氣候。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)所在地因處于低緯高(gao)原，氣溫年(nian)較差(cha)小，一般為14－18℃，而近緯度中國(guo)東部(bu)地區(qu)均在23℃以上。

土壤

保護區內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤的垂直分帶很明顯(xian)，由(you)低海拔到高(gao)海拔，有(you)下列(lie)幾種土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤：燥紅土(tu)(tu)(tu)、褐色土(tu)(tu)(tu)、山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)棕壤，山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)暗棕壤，山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)棕色針(zhen)葉林(lin)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，亞高(gao)山(shan)(shan)草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)，高(gao)山(shan)(shan)寒(han)漠(mo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。另外局(ju)部地(di)(di)區有(you)紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)和石(shi)灰(hui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，在人類(lei)耕(geng)作活(huo)動區為水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)等。

自然資源

植物資源

白馬(ma)雪山(shan)國家(jia)級自(zi)然保護(hu)區屬(shu)于寒溫性森(sen)林(lin)生態系(xi)統類型，是(shi)中(zhong)國低緯度高(gao)海(hai)拔地(di)區生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源保存比較完(wan)整而(er)原始的(de)高(gao)山(shan)針(zhen)葉林(lin)區。按中(zhong)國植被(bei)(bei)區系(xi)的(de)分區，屬(shu)中(zhong)國———東喜(xi)馬(ma)拉(la)雅森(sen)林(lin)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亞區、橫(heng)斷山(shan)脈地(di)區， 是(shi)世界上高(gao)山(shan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)豐富(fu)的(de)區域(yu)。 保護(hu)區已(yi)發(fa)現的(de)種子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有142科，587屬(shu)，1747種（含亞種、變(bian)型和(he)變(bian)種）。其(qi)中(zhong)：裸子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)6科14屬(shu)29種，被(bei)(bei)子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)136科573屬(shu)1718種。

保護區內有國家重點保護珍(zhen)稀植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)24種(zhong)，其(qi)中：一級(ji)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)，二級(ji)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)9種(zhong)，三級(ji)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)；有省(sheng)級(ji)重點保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)6種(zhong)。其(qi)中：二級(ji)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)，三級(ji)保護植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)。

保護(hu)區(qu)植(zhi)物區(qu)系的科、屬、種(zhong)(zhong)繁多，并幾乎包(bao)含(han)了世界溫帶分布(bu)的所(suo)有(you)(you)木本屬，如冷杉(shan)(shan)、云杉(shan)(shan)、松、槭、樺、櫟(li)、杜鵑等。其中冷杉(shan)(shan)屬有(you)(you)長(chang)苞(bao)冷杉(shan)(shan)、急尖(jian)長(chang)苞(bao)冷杉(shan)(shan)、蒼山冷杉(shan)(shan)、川滇冷杉(shan)(shan)、云南(nan)黃果冷杉(shan)(shan)和中甸(dian)冷杉(shan)(shan)6個種(zhong)(zhong)（含(han)變種(zhong)(zhong)）， 同時薈(hui)萃于一(yi)個保護(hu)區(qu)內，實為難(nan)得。杜鵑花屬已(yi)知(zhi)有(you)(you)47種(zhong)(zhong)分布(bu)于保護(hu)區(qu)內，其中有(you)(you)36種(zhong)(zhong)為橫(heng)斷山特有(you)(you)成分，15種(zhong)(zhong)的模式產地(di)在保護(hu)區(qu)及其附近。

保(bao)護區有國家及省級保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分屬(shu)(shu)于20科(ke)(ke)(ke)。其中：蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)， 裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)16科(ke)(ke)(ke)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 有觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)81科(ke)(ke)(ke)223屬(shu)(shu)724種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中：蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)(shu)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)69科(ke)(ke)(ke)154屬(shu)(shu)568種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有藥用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)110科(ke)(ke)(ke)242屬(shu)(shu)386種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中：菌類(lei)(lei)(lei)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)6屬(shu)(shu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，地衣類(lei)(lei)(lei)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)95科(ke)(ke)(ke)224屬(shu)(shu)367種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其它還有油(you)料植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、淀粉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、用(yong)材樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、香料植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、纖維(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、鞣料植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)等與人類(lei)(lei)(lei)生活(huo)密切相關的各類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源。

動物資源

根據(ju)中(zhong)國動物(wu)地理區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)，保護區(qu)(qu)動物(wu)屬(shu)東洋界、西南(nan)區(qu)(qu)、三江縱谷亞區(qu)(qu)（橫斷山(shan)亞區(qu)(qu)）。

哺乳動物

保(bao)護區(qu)共(gong)錄得哺(bu)乳(ru)類(lei)(lei)9目23科(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。占中(zhong)國哺(bu)乳(ru)類(lei)(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)16.8%，云(yun)南(nan)的(de)(de)33.3%。主(zhu)要的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)滇金(jin)絲猴、雪(xue)豹(bao)(bao)、金(jin)錢(qian)(qian)豹(bao)(bao)、云(yun)豹(bao)(bao)、熊猴、獼(mi)猴、穿(chuan)山甲、黑(hei)熊、棕熊、小熊貓(mao)(mao)、石(shi)貂、水獺、猞猁(li)、高山麝(she)(she)(she)、林麝(she)(she)(she)、鬣(lie)羚(ling)(ling)、巖羊(yang)、長(chang)吻鼩鼴、白(bai)尾鼴、蹼足鼩中(zhong)緬樹鼩等(deng)。在(zai)100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺(bu)乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)，本區(qu)及鄰近(jin)地區(qu)的(de)(de)特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)達43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占全區(qu)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)43.0%。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)：橫(heng)斷山型特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫(heng)斷山——東喜馬拉雅山型特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫(heng)斷山—青藏高原型特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 本區(qu)尚擁有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)特有(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)和(he)一些(xie)特有(you)(you)(you)科(ke)（或亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)）如：黑(hei)鼩鼱屬(shu)(shu)、缺齒(chi)鼩鼱屬(shu)(shu)、蹼足鼩屬(shu)(shu)、長(chang)吻鼩鼴屬(shu)(shu)、針尾鼴屬(shu)(shu)、白(bai)尾鼴屬(shu)(shu)、仰鼻猴屬(shu)(shu)、小熊貓(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)、斑(ban)靈貓(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)、雪(xue)豹(bao)(bao)屬(shu)(shu)、毛冠鹿屬(shu)(shu)、巖羊(yang)屬(shu)(shu)、 白(bai)喉巖松鼠(shu)(shu)屬(shu)(shu)、 復齒(chi)鼯鼠(shu)(shu)屬(shu)(shu)、林跳鼠(shu)(shu)屬(shu)(shu)以(yi)及小熊貓(mao)(mao)科(ke)、鼴亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)、毛尾鼴亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)、林跳鼠(shu)(shu)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)、蹶(jue)鼠(shu)(shu)亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)等(deng)。保(bao)護區(qu)有(you)(you)(you)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍稀保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)：國家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)滇金(jin)絲猴、雪(xue)豹(bao)(bao)、金(jin)錢(qian)(qian)豹(bao)(bao)、云(yun)豹(bao)(bao)等(deng)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)獼(mi)猴、 穿(chuan)山甲、黑(hei)熊、藏馬熊、豺、小熊貓(mao)(mao)、石(shi)貂、水獺、斑(ban)靈貍(li)、大靈貓(mao)(mao)、小靈貓(mao)(mao)、金(jin)貓(mao)(mao)、猞猁(li)、高山麝(she)(she)(she)、林麝(she)(she)(she)、黑(hei)麝(she)(she)(she)、鬣(lie)羚(ling)(ling)、斑(ban)羚(ling)(ling)、矮巖羊(yang)、巖羊(yang)等(deng)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；云(yun)南(nan)省Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)狼、毛冠鹿等(deng)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)豹(bao)(bao)貓(mao)(mao)雖沒有(you)(you)(you)列入我國保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)單(dan)，但為瀕危野(ye)生動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公(gong)約（CITES）規定的(de)(de)Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)限量貿易保(bao)護物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

鳥類

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)迄(qi)今為(wei)(wei)止共(gong)(gong)記(ji)錄鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)17目43科另4亞科，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)云南省記(ji)錄鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)30.7%。其中：留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)170種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)69.1%，旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和冬候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)11.0%，夏候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和繁(fan)殖鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)19.9%。所錄的(de)(de)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)中，在(zai)該地區(qu)(qu)繁(fan)殖的(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)（含留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、夏候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和繁(fan)殖鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)）219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，按其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)分布(bu)和區(qu)(qu)系(xi)歸(gui)屬(shu)，大致可劃分為(wei)(wei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型：繁(fan)殖區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)要在(zai)東洋(yang)界的(de)(de)東洋(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和夏候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)29.2%；繁(fan)殖區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)要在(zai)古(gu)北(bei)界的(de)(de)古(gu)北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)15.1%； 繁(fan)殖區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)廣布(bu)于東洋(yang)界和古(gu)北(bei)界的(de)(de)廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)26.9%； 分布(bu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)要在(zai)四(si)(si)川(chuan)西部(bu)、西藏(zang)昌都地區(qu)(qu)東部(bu)、青海(hai)、甘肅南緣，南抵(di)云南西北(bei)部(bu)的(de)(de)橫斷山區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)西南山地特有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)28.8%。根據國(guo)(guo)務院1988年11月頒(ban)布(bu)的(de)(de)《中華人民共(gong)(gong)和國(guo)(guo)野生(sheng)動物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)法》和1989年1月公布(bu)的(de)(de)《國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)動物(wu)名(ming)錄》所列的(de)(de)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)，在(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)所記(ji)錄的(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)中，屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia) I 級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)：黑(hei)鸛、黑(hei)頸鶴、金雕(diao)、胡兀鷲、擬兀鷲、斑(ban)尾(wei)榛雞、四(si)(si)川(chuan)雉(zhi)鶉、黑(hei)頸長尾(wei)雉(zhi)等8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)II級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)黑(hei)鳶、蒼鷹(ying)(ying)、松雀鷹(ying)(ying)、雀鷹(ying)(ying)、高山鷹(ying)(ying)雕(diao)、普通(tong)鵟(kuang)、禿鷲、高山禿鷲、游隼(sun)(sun)、燕隼(sun)(sun)、灰背隼(sun)(sun)、紅隼(sun)(sun)、淡腹(fu)雪雞、血雉(zhi)、紅腹(fu)角雉(zhi)、白馬雞、勺雞、白腹(fu)錦(jin)雞、灰鶴、楔尾(wei)綠鳩、大緋胸鸚(ying)鵡、灰林(lin)鸮、雕(diao)鸮、白腹(fu)黑(hei)啄木鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)等24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ?

昆蟲

根據所采到的標本經鑒定已知(zhi)有13目，80科(ke)，447種(zhong)。它們的區系組(zu)成(cheng)極其(qi)復雜，主要由東(dong)洋種(zhong)、古北(bei)種(zhong)、廣布種(zhong)、高(gao)山特有種(zhong)和地區特有種(zhong)組(zu)成(cheng)。 保護區主要的珍(zhen)稀高(gao)山昆蟲有： 蝙蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)科(ke)的德欽蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、白(bai)(bai)馬蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、人(ren)支蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、草地蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、白(bai)(bai)紋蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、金沙蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、葉日蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、中支蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)以(yi)及絹(juan)(juan)蝶科(ke)的愛珂絹(juan)(juan)蝶、巴裔絹(juan)(juan)蝶、珍(zhen)珠(zhu)絹(juan)(juan)蝶、元首絹(juan)(juan)蝶、君(jun)主絹(juan)(juan)蝶、黑緣小(xiao)絹(juan)(juan)蝶、白(bai)(bai)馬小(xiao)絹(juan)(juan)蝶、四川絹(juan)(juan)蝶等。

保護對象

白馬(ma)雪山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區主要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)象為高山(shan)針(zhen)葉林、山(shan)地植被垂直帶自然(ran)(ran)景觀和滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)(hou)。滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)(hou)是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)特有的一級(ji)珍(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動物，與大熊貓一樣被稱(cheng)為“國(guo)(guo)寶”。云南省迪慶藏族自治州的白馬(ma)雪山(shan)自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)現有面積大的滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)(hou)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區。隨著生態(tai)環(huan)境不斷改善、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作有效(xiao)推進(jin)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區內(nei)的滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)(hou)數量不斷增多，從2000年的1000只上升到1500只左右，約占世(shi)界(jie)種群數量的70%。

價值地位

白馬(ma)(ma)雪(xue)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)地處橫斷山(shan)(shan)脈中段(duan)，巍峨的云嶺自北(bei)向南縱貫全區(qu)，5000米以(yi)上的山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)有(you)20座(zuo)，主峰(feng)白馬(ma)(ma)雪(xue)山(shan)(shan)海拔5430米，相對高差超(chao)過3000米。區(qu)內(nei)植被垂直(zhi)分布明顯，在(zai)水平距離不足(zu)40公里(li)(li)內(nei)，有(you)7-16個(ge)植物(wu)(wu)分布帶譜，相當于中國(guo)(guo)(guo)從南到北(bei)幾千公里(li)(li)的植物(wu)(wu)分布帶，蔚(yu)為奇觀。白馬(ma)(ma)雪(xue)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保護植物(wu)(wu)有(you)星葉草(cao)、瀾滄黃杉等十多種，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保護動物(wu)(wu)有(you)滇金(jin)絲猴、云豹(bao)、小(xiao)熊(xiong)貓等30多種，有(you)“寒溫帶高山(shan)(shan)動植物(wu)(wu)王國(guo)(guo)(guo)”之稱，具很高的科學價(jia)值。