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歷史沿革

1983年云南省(sheng)人(ren)民政府批準建立(li)白馬雪山省(sheng)級自然保護區，同時設立(li)保護區管理所。

1988年經國(guo)務院批準，將(jiang)白馬雪山列為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護區，面積(ji)為190144公頃，成立(li)白馬雪山國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護區管理局。

2000年(nian)經(jing)國務院批準，保護區進行(xing)了(le)擴(kuo)建。

2003年(nian)，經(jing)迪慶(qing)州(zhou)委、州(zhou)人(ren)民政府批準(zhun)，在州(zhou)府所在地(di)設立了云南白馬雪山國家級(ji)自然保護區管理局。

2018年2月8日，國(guo)務院同(tong)意調整(zheng)白馬雪山國(guo)家級自然保護區的(de)范(fan)圍(wei)，調整(zheng)后保護區的(de)面積、范(fan)圍(wei)和功能分區等(deng)由環境(jing)保護部予以公布。

地理環境

位置

云南(nan)(nan)白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)國家級自然保護區（以下(xia)簡稱保護區）保護區地(di)(di)(di)跨九個鄉(xiang)（鎮(zhen)），即：德(de)欽縣(xian)的(de)升平鎮(zhen)，奔(ben)(ben)子欄(lan)鄉(xiang)、霞若鄉(xiang)，維西(xi)縣(xian)的(de)巴(ba)迪(di)鄉(xiang)、葉枝鄉(xiang)、康普(pu)鄉(xiang)、白(bai)濟汛鄉(xiang)、攀(pan)天閣鄉(xiang)和塔城(cheng)鄉(xiang)，地(di)(di)(di)理坐標界于北緯(wei)27°24′-28°36′，東(dong)經98°57′-99°25′之間。西(xi)北起昂吾(wu)丫(ya)口，經赫馬(ma)(ma)埡卡、巴(ba)雜埡卡至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯木達江邊；東(dong)以金沙(sha)江為界下(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奔(ben)(ben)子欄(lan)，沿(yan)2838高地(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資蓋松亞，過格里(li)丫(ya)口，沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)家薄(bo)，過珠(zhu)巴(ba)洛河到(dao)霞若村公所，再(zai)沿(yan)布養坪(ping)后(hou)(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4083高地(di)(di)(di)、下(xia)落(luo)帕米沿(yan)國有林(lin)界至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)維西(xi)、德(de)欽縣(xian)界，沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊下(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)糯擁3370高地(di)(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)沿(yan)許(xu)貢(gong)箐、汝(ru)河后(hou)(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)班線至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)習究臘普(pu)河邊，沿(yan)河至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使垮(kua)底上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，過阿茶、日(ri)沙(sha)勒、背母座梁子至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)收朵，再(zai)沿(yan)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)斯達里(li)河邊。北上(shang)仙人洞(dong)沿(yan)國有林(lin)界過小羊場、老樓房、石門(men)關、葉枝后(hou)(hou)箐、塞美堵、乍尼(ni)那、尼(ni)色隴鼓至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4504高地(di)(di)(di)丫(ya)口，再(zai)沿(yan)白(bai)馬(ma)(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昂吾(wu)丫(ya)口。

地貌

白馬雪山(shan)(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區從白馬雪山(shan)(shan)的整個山(shan)(shan)體來看，地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)型(xing)或(huo)(huo)稱(cheng)一(yi)(yi)級地(di)貌(mao)(mao)形(xing)態比較(jiao)單一(yi)(yi)， 是一(yi)(yi)組高大(da)雄偉的高山(shan)(shan)和極(ji)高山(shan)(shan)。其二(er)級或(huo)(huo)三級微地(di)貌(mao)(mao)較(jiao)為(wei)復雜，細分為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)、峽谷(gu)、寬(kuan)谷(gu)或(huo)(huo)河(he)谷(gu)、小平原、冰川(chuan)凍土地(di)貌(mao)(mao)及重(zhong)力風(feng)化地(di)貌(mao)(mao)等類(lei)型(xing)。

水文

白(bai)馬雪山國家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區內(nei)的河(he)流(liu)數(shu)量(liang)眾多，除(chu)了金沙(sha)江干(gan)流(liu)外，還有一(yi)、二級(ji)支流(liu)50余(yu)條。這些河(he)流(liu)除(chu)了珠(zhu)巴洛河(he)為(wei)較大(da)一(yi)級(ji)支流(liu)外（長約114km），其(qi)它均短小(xiao)，僅有20km或更短。從流(liu)域(yu)面積來看(kan)，珠(zhu)巴洛河(he)大(da)，流(liu)域(yu)面積為(wei)1835平方公里，其(qi)它河(he)流(liu)的流(liu)域(yu)面積均在(zai)300平方公里以(yi)下。

氣候

白馬(ma)雪山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區(qu)全年(nian)(nian)盛行西偏(pian)南風(feng)，但冬(dong)夏(xia)氣流的源地(di)截然(ran)不(bu)同，仍屬(shu)亞(ya)熱帶季風(feng)氣候。保護區(qu)所在(zai)地(di)因處(chu)于低緯高原(yuan)，氣溫年(nian)(nian)較差小，一般為14－18℃，而近緯度中國(guo)東部地(di)區(qu)均在(zai)23℃以(yi)上。

土壤

保護區內(nei)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的垂直(zhi)分帶很(hen)明顯，由低海拔(ba)到高(gao)海拔(ba)，有下(xia)列幾種土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)：燥紅土(tu)(tu)、褐色土(tu)(tu)、山(shan)地棕(zong)壤(rang)，山(shan)地暗(an)棕(zong)壤(rang)，山(shan)地棕(zong)色針葉(xie)林土(tu)(tu)，亞高(gao)山(shan)草甸土(tu)(tu)，高(gao)山(shan)寒漠土(tu)(tu)。另外局部地區有紫色土(tu)(tu)和石灰土(tu)(tu)，在人類耕作(zuo)活動區為水稻土(tu)(tu)等。

自然資源

植物資源

白馬雪(xue)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)(shu)于寒溫(wen)性森林(lin)生態系統類(lei)型(xing)，是中國(guo)(guo)低緯度(du)高海拔地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生物資源保存(cun)比較完整而原始的高山(shan)(shan)針葉林(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。按中國(guo)(guo)植被區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系的分區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，屬(shu)(shu)中國(guo)(guo)———東喜馬拉雅森林(lin)植物亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、橫(heng)斷山(shan)(shan)脈地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)， 是世界上高山(shan)(shan)植物豐富的區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域。 保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)已發現的種(zhong)子植物有142科，587屬(shu)(shu)，1747種(zhong)（含(han)亞種(zhong)、變型(xing)和變種(zhong)）。其中：裸(luo)子植物6科14屬(shu)(shu)29種(zhong)，被子植物136科573屬(shu)(shu)1718種(zhong)。

保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區內(nei)有(you)國家重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)珍稀植(zhi)物(wu)24種，其(qi)中(zhong)：一(yi)級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)4種，二級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)9種，三級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)11種；有(you)省級重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)6種。其(qi)中(zhong)：二級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)2種，三級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)4種。

保護區(qu)(qu)植物區(qu)(qu)系的科、屬(shu)(shu)、種(zhong)繁多，并幾(ji)乎包含(han)了世界溫帶分布(bu)的所有(you)木本屬(shu)(shu)，如冷(leng)杉(shan)、云杉(shan)、松、槭、樺、櫟、杜(du)鵑等。其(qi)(qi)中冷(leng)杉(shan)屬(shu)(shu)有(you)長(chang)苞(bao)(bao)冷(leng)杉(shan)、急尖長(chang)苞(bao)(bao)冷(leng)杉(shan)、蒼(cang)山冷(leng)杉(shan)、川(chuan)滇冷(leng)杉(shan)、云南黃果冷(leng)杉(shan)和中甸(dian)冷(leng)杉(shan)6個種(zhong)（含(han)變種(zhong)）， 同時薈萃于一個保護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)，實(shi)為(wei)難得。杜(du)鵑花(hua)屬(shu)(shu)已知(zhi)有(you)47種(zhong)分布(bu)于保護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)，其(qi)(qi)中有(you)36種(zhong)為(wei)橫斷山特有(you)成(cheng)分，15種(zhong)的模式產地(di)在(zai)保護區(qu)(qu)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)附近。

保護(hu)區(qu)有(you)(you)國家及省級保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分屬(shu)于(yu)20科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)：蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)， 裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 有(you)(you)觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)223屬(shu)724種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)：蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)69科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)154屬(shu)568種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)藥用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)110科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)242屬(shu)386種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)：菌(jun)類(lei)(lei)(lei)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)6屬(shu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，地衣類(lei)(lei)(lei)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)95科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)224屬(shu)367種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)(qi)它還有(you)(you)油料(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、淀粉(fen)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、用材樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、香料(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、纖維植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鞣料(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等與人類(lei)(lei)(lei)生活(huo)密(mi)切相(xiang)關(guan)的各類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源。

動物資源

根據中國動物地理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃，保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)動物屬東洋界、西南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、三(san)江縱(zong)谷亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)（橫(heng)斷山亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)）。

哺乳動物

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區共錄得哺乳(ru)類9目23科(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。占中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)哺乳(ru)類總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)16.8%，云(yun)南的(de)33.3%。主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)(you)(you)滇(dian)金(jin)絲猴、雪豹(bao)、金(jin)錢(qian)豹(bao)、云(yun)豹(bao)、熊猴、獼猴、穿山(shan)甲、黑(hei)熊、棕熊、小(xiao)熊貓(mao)、石(shi)貂、水獺、猞猁(li)、高(gao)山(shan)麝、林(lin)(lin)(lin)麝、鬣(lie)羚(ling)(ling)、巖羊(yang)、長吻鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)鼴(yan)、白尾(wei)鼴(yan)、蹼(pu)足鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)緬樹鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)等。在100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺乳(ru)動物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)，本區及(ji)鄰近(jin)地區的(de)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多達43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占全區總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)43.0%。其中(zhong)(zhong)：橫斷(duan)山(shan)型(xing)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫斷(duan)山(shan)——東喜馬拉雅山(shan)型(xing)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫斷(duan)山(shan)—青藏高(gao)原型(xing)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 本區尚擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)許多特有(you)(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和一(yi)些特有(you)(you)(you)(you)科(ke)（或亞(ya)科(ke)）如：黑(hei)鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、缺齒鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、蹼(pu)足鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、長吻鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、針尾(wei)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、白尾(wei)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、仰鼻猴屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、小(xiao)熊貓(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、斑(ban)(ban)靈(ling)貓(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、雪豹(bao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、毛(mao)冠鹿屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、巖羊(yang)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 白喉巖松鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 復齒鼯鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)跳(tiao)鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以及(ji)小(xiao)熊貓(mao)科(ke)、鼴(yan)亞(ya)科(ke)、毛(mao)尾(wei)鼴(yan)亞(ya)科(ke)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)跳(tiao)鼠(shu)亞(ya)科(ke)、蹶(jue)鼠(shu)亞(ya)科(ke)等。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區有(you)(you)(you)(you)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍稀保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)。其中(zhong)(zhong)：國(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)滇(dian)金(jin)絲猴、雪豹(bao)、金(jin)錢(qian)豹(bao)、云(yun)豹(bao)等4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)獼猴、 穿山(shan)甲、黑(hei)熊、藏馬熊、豺、小(xiao)熊貓(mao)、石(shi)貂、水獺、斑(ban)(ban)靈(ling)貍、大(da)靈(ling)貓(mao)、小(xiao)靈(ling)貓(mao)、金(jin)貓(mao)、猞猁(li)、高(gao)山(shan)麝、林(lin)(lin)(lin)麝、黑(hei)麝、鬣(lie)羚(ling)(ling)、斑(ban)(ban)羚(ling)(ling)、矮巖羊(yang)、巖羊(yang)等20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；云(yun)南省Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)狼、毛(mao)冠鹿等2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)(you)豹(bao)貓(mao)雖沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)列入我國(guo)(guo)(guo)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)名(ming)單，但(dan)為瀕危野(ye)生動植物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際貿易公約（CITES）規定的(de)Ⅱ類限量貿易保(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

鳥類

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)迄今為止共記(ji)錄鳥(niao)(niao)類246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬17目(mu)43科(ke)另4亞科(ke)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)約占云南(nan)省記(ji)錄鳥(niao)(niao)類種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)30.7%。其中(zhong)：留鳥(niao)(niao)170種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占69.1%，旅鳥(niao)(niao)和(he)冬(dong)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占11.0%，夏(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)和(he)繁(fan)殖(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占19.9%。所(suo)錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)類中(zhong)，在(zai)該(gai)地區(qu)繁(fan)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)類（含留鳥(niao)(niao)、夏(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)和(he)繁(fan)殖(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)）219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，按其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布和(he)區(qu)系(xi)歸屬，大(da)致可(ke)劃分為4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型：繁(fan)殖(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)主要在(zai)東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)留鳥(niao)(niao)和(he)夏(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)29.2%；繁(fan)殖(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)主要在(zai)古北(bei)(bei)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)古北(bei)(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占15.1%； 繁(fan)殖(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)廣布于(yu)東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)界和(he)古北(bei)(bei)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占26.9%； 分布區(qu)域(yu)主要在(zai)四(si)川(chuan)西(xi)部、西(xi)藏昌都地區(qu)東(dong)(dong)部、青海、甘肅南(nan)緣(yuan)，南(nan)抵(di)云南(nan)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地特(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占28.8%。根據國(guo)務院1988年(nian)11月頒布的(de)(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)華人民共和(he)國(guo)野生(sheng)動物(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)法》和(he)1989年(nian)1月公布的(de)(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)動物(wu)名錄》所(suo)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類，在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)所(suo)記(ji)錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)類中(zhong)，屬國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia) I 級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)：黑(hei)鸛、黑(hei)頸鶴、金雕(diao)、胡(hu)兀(wu)鷲(jiu)、擬兀(wu)鷲(jiu)、斑尾(wei)榛雞(ji)、四(si)川(chuan)雉(zhi)(zhi)鶉、黑(hei)頸長尾(wei)雉(zhi)(zhi)等8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 屬國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)II級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)黑(hei)鳶、蒼鷹(ying)(ying)、松雀(que)鷹(ying)(ying)、雀(que)鷹(ying)(ying)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鷹(ying)(ying)雕(diao)、普(pu)通鵟、禿(tu)鷲(jiu)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)禿(tu)鷲(jiu)、游(you)隼、燕隼、灰背(bei)隼、紅(hong)隼、淡腹(fu)雪雞(ji)、血雉(zhi)(zhi)、紅(hong)腹(fu)角雉(zhi)(zhi)、白(bai)馬雞(ji)、勺雞(ji)、白(bai)腹(fu)錦雞(ji)、灰鶴、楔尾(wei)綠鳩、大(da)緋胸鸚(ying)鵡(wu)、灰林鸮、雕(diao)鸮、白(bai)腹(fu)黑(hei)啄木鳥(niao)(niao)等24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ?

昆蟲

根(gen)據(ju)所采到的(de)標本經鑒定(ding)已知(zhi)有(you)13目(mu)，80科(ke)，447種。它們的(de)區(qu)系組(zu)成(cheng)極(ji)其復雜，主要由東洋種、古北種、廣布種、高山特(te)有(you)種和地區(qu)特(te)有(you)種組(zu)成(cheng)。 保(bao)護區(qu)主要的(de)珍稀高山昆(kun)蟲(chong)有(you)： 蝙(bian)蝠(fu)(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)科(ke)的(de)德欽(qin)蝠(fu)(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、白馬(ma)蝠(fu)(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、人支(zhi)蝠(fu)(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、草地蝠(fu)(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、白紋蝠(fu)(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、金沙蝠(fu)(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、葉日(ri)蝠(fu)(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、中支(zhi)蝠(fu)(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)以及絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)科(ke)的(de)愛(ai)珂絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)、巴裔絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)、珍珠絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)、元首絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)、君主絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)、黑緣小(xiao)絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)、白馬(ma)小(xiao)絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)、四川(chuan)絹(juan)蝶(die)(die)等。

保護對象

白(bai)馬雪(xue)山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)主(zhu)要保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護對象為(wei)(wei)高山(shan)針葉林、山(shan)地(di)植(zhi)被垂直帶自然景觀和滇(dian)金(jin)(jin)絲猴(hou)。滇(dian)金(jin)(jin)絲猴(hou)是中(zhong)國特有(you)(you)的(de)一級珍稀瀕危保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護動物，與大熊貓(mao)一樣被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“國寶”。云南(nan)省迪(di)慶藏族自治州的(de)白(bai)馬雪(xue)山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)是中(zhong)國現(xian)有(you)(you)面積大的(de)滇(dian)金(jin)(jin)絲猴(hou)國家級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)。隨著生態(tai)環境不(bu)斷改善(shan)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護工作有(you)(you)效推進，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)滇(dian)金(jin)(jin)絲猴(hou)數(shu)量不(bu)斷增多(duo)，從2000年(nian)的(de)1000只上升到1500只左右，約(yue)占世界種群(qun)數(shu)量的(de)70%。

價值地位

白(bai)馬(ma)雪山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)地處橫斷山(shan)脈中段，巍峨的(de)(de)云嶺自(zi)(zi)北向南縱貫全區(qu)，5000米以上的(de)(de)山(shan)峰有20座，主峰白(bai)馬(ma)雪山(shan)海拔5430米，相對高差超過3000米。區(qu)內植被垂直分布明(ming)顯(xian)，在水平距離不足40公(gong)里(li)內，有7-16個(ge)植物分布帶(dai)譜，相當于中國(guo)從南到(dao)北幾千公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)植物分布帶(dai)，蔚(yu)為奇(qi)觀。白(bai)馬(ma)雪山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)重點保護植物有星葉草、瀾滄(cang)黃杉等十(shi)多(duo)種，國(guo)家(jia)重點保護動物有滇金絲猴、云豹(bao)、小熊貓(mao)等30多(duo)種，有“寒溫帶(dai)高山(shan)動植物王(wang)國(guo)”之稱，具(ju)很高的(de)(de)科(ke)學價(jia)值。