芒果视频下载

歷史沿革

1983年云南省(sheng)(sheng)人民政府批準(zhun)建立白馬(ma)雪山省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區，同時設立保(bao)護(hu)區管理所。

1988年(nian)經國(guo)務院批準，將白(bai)馬雪山列為(wei)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區，面積為(wei)190144公頃，成立白(bai)馬雪山國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區管(guan)理(li)局。

2000年經國務院批(pi)準，保護區進行了擴建。

2003年(nian)，經迪(di)慶州(zhou)委、州(zhou)人民政府(fu)批(pi)準，在州(zhou)府(fu)所(suo)在地設立(li)了云南(nan)白馬雪山國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區管理局。

2018年(nian)2月8日，國(guo)務院同意(yi)調整白馬雪山國(guo)家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區的(de)范圍，調整后(hou)保(bao)護區的(de)面積、范圍和功能分區等由環境保(bao)護部予以公(gong)布(bu)。

地理環境

位置

云南白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)雪(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家級自然保護區（以(yi)下(xia)(xia)簡稱保護區）保護區地(di)跨九個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（鎮），即(ji)：德(de)欽縣(xian)的升(sheng)平鎮，奔子欄鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、霞若(ruo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，維西(xi)縣(xian)的巴(ba)迪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、葉枝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、康普鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、白(bai)(bai)濟汛(xun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、攀天(tian)閣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和塔城(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，地(di)理(li)坐標界于北(bei)緯27°24′-28°36′，東經98°57′-99°25′之間。西(xi)北(bei)起(qi)昂吾丫(ya)口，經赫馬(ma)埡卡、巴(ba)雜埡卡至(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)木達(da)江邊；東以(yi)金(jin)沙(sha)江為界下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)奔子欄，沿(yan)2838高(gao)地(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)資(zi)蓋松亞，過格里(li)丫(ya)口，沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊至(zhi)(zhi)曾家薄，過珠巴(ba)洛河(he)(he)到霞若(ruo)村公所，再沿(yan)布養坪后山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)4083高(gao)地(di)、下(xia)(xia)落帕米沿(yan)國(guo)(guo)有(you)林(lin)(lin)界至(zhi)(zhi)維西(xi)、德(de)欽縣(xian)界，沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)糯擁3370高(gao)地(di)。南沿(yan)許貢箐、汝河(he)(he)后山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)班線(xian)至(zhi)(zhi)習究(jiu)臘(la)普河(he)(he)邊，沿(yan)河(he)(he)至(zhi)(zhi)使垮底上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，過阿茶、日沙(sha)勒、背(bei)母座梁子至(zhi)(zhi)收朵，再沿(yan)南山(shan)(shan)(shan)后山(shan)(shan)(shan)至(zhi)(zhi)馬(ma)斯(si)達(da)里(li)河(he)(he)邊。北(bei)上(shang)仙人(ren)洞沿(yan)國(guo)(guo)有(you)林(lin)(lin)界過小羊場、老(lao)樓房、石門關、葉枝后箐、塞美堵、乍(zha)尼(ni)那、尼(ni)色隴(long)鼓至(zhi)(zhi)4504高(gao)地(di)丫(ya)口，再沿(yan)白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)雪(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)昂吾丫(ya)口。

地貌

白(bai)馬(ma)雪(xue)山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區從(cong)白(bai)馬(ma)雪(xue)山(shan)的整個山(shan)體來看，地貌類型(xing)或(huo)(huo)稱一(yi)級(ji)地貌形(xing)態比較單一(yi)， 是一(yi)組高(gao)大雄偉的高(gao)山(shan)和(he)極高(gao)山(shan)。其二級(ji)或(huo)(huo)三(san)級(ji)微地貌較為復雜(za)，細分為山(shan)地、峽谷(gu)、寬谷(gu)或(huo)(huo)河谷(gu)、小平原、冰川(chuan)凍土地貌及重力風化地貌等(deng)類型(xing)。

水文

白馬雪(xue)山國家級自然保護區內的河(he)流(liu)(liu)數量眾多(duo)，除了金沙江干流(liu)(liu)外，還有一(yi)、二級支流(liu)(liu)50余(yu)條。這些河(he)流(liu)(liu)除了珠(zhu)巴(ba)(ba)洛河(he)為(wei)較大一(yi)級支流(liu)(liu)外（長約114km），其它均短(duan)小，僅有20km或更短(duan)。從流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積來看，珠(zhu)巴(ba)(ba)洛河(he)大，流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積為(wei)1835平方公里，其它河(he)流(liu)(liu)的流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積均在300平方公里以下(xia)。

氣候

白馬雪(xue)山國家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區全(quan)年(nian)盛(sheng)行西偏南(nan)風(feng)，但冬夏氣流(liu)的源地(di)截(jie)然不同，仍屬亞熱帶季風(feng)氣候。保(bao)護(hu)區所在(zai)地(di)因處于低(di)緯高原，氣溫年(nian)較差(cha)小，一般(ban)為14－18℃，而(er)近(jin)緯度(du)中國東部地(di)區均在(zai)23℃以(yi)上(shang)。

土壤

保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內土(tu)(tu)壤的垂(chui)直分帶(dai)很(hen)明(ming)顯(xian)，由低海(hai)拔到高海(hai)拔，有下(xia)列(lie)幾種(zhong)土(tu)(tu)壤：燥紅土(tu)(tu)、褐色(se)(se)土(tu)(tu)、山地(di)(di)棕壤，山地(di)(di)暗棕壤，山地(di)(di)棕色(se)(se)針葉林土(tu)(tu)，亞高山草甸土(tu)(tu)，高山寒漠土(tu)(tu)。另外局部地(di)(di)區(qu)有紫色(se)(se)土(tu)(tu)和石灰(hui)土(tu)(tu)，在人(ren)類耕作(zuo)活(huo)動(dong)區(qu)為水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)等。

自然資源

植物資源

白馬(ma)(ma)雪(xue)山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)屬(shu)于寒溫性森林(lin)生態系統類型，是中國(guo)低緯度(du)高(gao)海拔(ba)地區(qu)生物(wu)(wu)資源保(bao)(bao)存比(bi)較(jiao)完整而原始的高(gao)山(shan)針葉林(lin)區(qu)。按中國(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)被區(qu)系的分區(qu)，屬(shu)中國(guo)———東喜馬(ma)(ma)拉雅森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)亞區(qu)、橫斷山(shan)脈地區(qu)， 是世界(jie)上(shang)高(gao)山(shan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)豐富的區(qu)域(yu)。 保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)已發現的種子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有142科，587屬(shu)，1747種（含亞種、變型和(he)變種）。其中：裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6科14屬(shu)29種，被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)136科573屬(shu)1718種。

保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內有(you)國家重點保(bao)(bao)護珍稀植物24種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)：一級保(bao)(bao)護植物4種(zhong)(zhong)，二級保(bao)(bao)護植物9種(zhong)(zhong)，三級保(bao)(bao)護植物11種(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)省級重點保(bao)(bao)護植物6種(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)：二級保(bao)(bao)護植物2種(zhong)(zhong)，三級保(bao)(bao)護植物4種(zhong)(zhong)。

保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)植物區(qu)系(xi)的科、屬、種(zhong)繁多，并幾乎(hu)包含了(le)世界溫(wen)帶分布的所有(you)木(mu)本屬，如冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉、云杉、松、槭(qi)、樺、櫟(li)、杜(du)(du)鵑等。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉屬有(you)長苞冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉、急尖長苞冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉、蒼山冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉、川滇(dian)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉、云南黃果冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)甸冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉6個種(zhong)（含變(bian)種(zhong)）， 同時(shi)薈萃于一個保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內，實為難得。杜(du)(du)鵑花屬已知有(you)47種(zhong)分布于保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)36種(zhong)為橫斷山特有(you)成分，15種(zhong)的模式產地在保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)及其(qi)附近。

保護區有(you)國家及省級保護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)30種(zhong)(zhong)，分屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于20科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。其(qi)中(zhong)：蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1種(zhong)(zhong)， 裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)6種(zhong)(zhong)，被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)23種(zhong)(zhong)。 有(you)觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)223屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)724種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)：蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)20種(zhong)(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)28種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)69科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)154屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)568種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)藥用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)110科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)242屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)386種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)：菌類(lei)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)6屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)7種(zhong)(zhong)，地衣類(lei)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)95科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)224屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)367種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)它還有(you)油料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、淀(dian)粉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、用(yong)材(cai)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)、香料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、纖維植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鞣料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等與人類(lei)生活(huo)密(mi)切相關的各類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)。

動物資源

根據中國(guo)動物(wu)地理(li)區劃，保(bao)護區動物(wu)屬東洋(yang)界、西南區、三(san)江縱谷亞區（橫斷(duan)山亞區）。

哺乳動物

保(bao)護(hu)區共(gong)錄得哺(bu)乳(ru)類9目(mu)23科(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)(shu)100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。占(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)哺(bu)乳(ru)類總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)16.8%，云南的(de)33.3%。主要的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)滇金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)、雪豹(bao)(bao)、金(jin)錢豹(bao)(bao)、云豹(bao)(bao)、熊猴(hou)(hou)、獼猴(hou)(hou)、穿山(shan)(shan)(shan)甲、黑(hei)熊、棕(zong)熊、小(xiao)熊貓、石貂、水獺、猞猁、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)麝(she)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)麝(she)、鬣羚(ling)(ling)、巖(yan)羊、長(chang)吻鼩(qu)鼴(yan)、白(bai)(bai)尾(wei)鼴(yan)、蹼足(zu)鼩(qu)中(zhong)緬樹鼩(qu)等(deng)。在(zai)100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺(bu)乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)中(zhong)，本區及鄰近(jin)地(di)區的(de)特(te)(te)(te)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)達43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)全區總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)43.0%。其中(zhong)：橫斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)型特(te)(te)(te)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)——東(dong)喜馬拉雅山(shan)(shan)(shan)型特(te)(te)(te)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)—青(qing)藏高(gao)原(yuan)型特(te)(te)(te)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 本區尚擁有(you)許多(duo)特(te)(te)(te)有(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)和一(yi)些特(te)(te)(te)有(you)科(ke)（或亞(ya)科(ke)）如(ru)：黑(hei)鼩(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、缺(que)齒(chi)鼩(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、蹼足(zu)鼩(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、長(chang)吻鼩(qu)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、針尾(wei)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、白(bai)(bai)尾(wei)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、仰鼻猴(hou)(hou)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、小(xiao)熊貓屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、斑(ban)靈(ling)貓屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、雪豹(bao)(bao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、毛冠鹿(lu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、巖(yan)羊屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、 白(bai)(bai)喉(hou)巖(yan)松鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、 復齒(chi)鼯(wu)鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)跳(tiao)鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)以及小(xiao)熊貓科(ke)、鼴(yan)亞(ya)科(ke)、毛尾(wei)鼴(yan)亞(ya)科(ke)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)跳(tiao)鼠(shu)亞(ya)科(ke)、蹶(jue)鼠(shu)亞(ya)科(ke)等(deng)。保(bao)護(hu)區有(you)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍稀保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)。其中(zhong)：國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)滇金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)、雪豹(bao)(bao)、金(jin)錢豹(bao)(bao)、云豹(bao)(bao)等(deng)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)獼猴(hou)(hou)、 穿山(shan)(shan)(shan)甲、黑(hei)熊、藏馬熊、豺、小(xiao)熊貓、石貂、水獺、斑(ban)靈(ling)貍(li)、大靈(ling)貓、小(xiao)靈(ling)貓、金(jin)貓、猞猁、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)麝(she)、林(lin)(lin)(lin)麝(she)、黑(hei)麝(she)、鬣羚(ling)(ling)、斑(ban)羚(ling)(ling)、矮巖(yan)羊、巖(yan)羊等(deng)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；云南省Ⅱ級保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)有(you)狼、毛冠鹿(lu)等(deng)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 另有(you)豹(bao)(bao)貓雖沒有(you)列入(ru)我國(guo)(guo)保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)名單，但為瀕危野生動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際貿(mao)易公約（CITES）規定(ding)的(de)Ⅱ類限量(liang)貿(mao)易保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

鳥類

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)迄今為(wei)止(zhi)共記錄(lu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)17目43科另4亞(ya)科，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數約占(zhan)(zhan)云南(nan)省記錄(lu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)30.7%。其中：留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)170種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)69.1%，旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)11.0%，夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)繁(fan)殖鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)19.9%。所錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)中，在該地區(qu)繁(fan)殖的(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)（含(han)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)繁(fan)殖鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)）219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，按其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布和(he)(he)區(qu)系(xi)歸(gui)屬(shu)，大致可劃分(fen)為(wei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)型：繁(fan)殖區(qu)域(yu)主(zhu)要在東(dong)洋界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)29.2%；繁(fan)殖區(qu)域(yu)主(zhu)要在古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)15.1%； 繁(fan)殖區(qu)域(yu)廣布于(yu)東(dong)洋界(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)26.9%； 分(fen)布區(qu)域(yu)主(zhu)要在四川(chuan)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)、西(xi)藏昌都地區(qu)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)、青海、甘肅南(nan)緣，南(nan)抵云南(nan)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)橫斷山(shan)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)南(nan)山(shan)地特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)28.8%。根據國務(wu)院1988年(nian)11月(yue)頒(ban)布的(de)(de)(de)《中華人民共和(he)(he)國野(ye)生動物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)法》和(he)(he)1989年(nian)1月(yue)公(gong)布的(de)(de)(de)《國家(jia)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生動物名(ming)錄(lu)》所列的(de)(de)(de)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)，在保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)所記錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)中，屬(shu)國家(jia) I 級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)：黑(hei)鸛、黑(hei)頸鶴、金雕(diao)、胡兀(wu)(wu)鷲(jiu)、擬兀(wu)(wu)鷲(jiu)、斑尾(wei)榛雞(ji)(ji)、四川(chuan)雉(zhi)鶉、黑(hei)頸長尾(wei)雉(zhi)等8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 屬(shu)國家(jia)II級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)黑(hei)鳶、蒼鷹(ying)(ying)、松(song)雀(que)鷹(ying)(ying)、雀(que)鷹(ying)(ying)、高山(shan)鷹(ying)(ying)雕(diao)、普通(tong)鵟、禿鷲(jiu)、高山(shan)禿鷲(jiu)、游(you)隼、燕隼、灰背隼、紅隼、淡腹(fu)雪雞(ji)(ji)、血雉(zhi)、紅腹(fu)角雉(zhi)、白馬雞(ji)(ji)、勺雞(ji)(ji)、白腹(fu)錦(jin)雞(ji)(ji)、灰鶴、楔尾(wei)綠鳩、大緋(fei)胸(xiong)鸚(ying)鵡、灰林鸮、雕(diao)鸮、白腹(fu)黑(hei)啄木鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)等24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ?

昆蟲

根據所采(cai)到的標本經鑒定已知有(you)13目(mu)，80科(ke)，447種。它們的區(qu)(qu)系組成極其復雜，主要由(you)東(dong)洋種、古北種、廣(guang)布種、高(gao)山(shan)特(te)有(you)種和地(di)區(qu)(qu)特(te)有(you)種組成。 保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)主要的珍稀高(gao)山(shan)昆蟲有(you)： 蝙蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)科(ke)的德欽蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、白馬蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、人支蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、草地(di)蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、白紋蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、金沙蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、葉日(ri)蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)、中(zhong)支蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)以(yi)及絹蝶科(ke)的愛(ai)珂絹蝶、巴裔(yi)絹蝶、珍珠(zhu)絹蝶、元首絹蝶、君(jun)主絹蝶、黑緣小絹蝶、白馬小絹蝶、四川絹蝶等。

保護對象

白(bai)馬(ma)雪山國家(jia)(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區主要保護(hu)對象為高山針葉林(lin)、山地植被(bei)垂直帶(dai)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)觀和(he)滇(dian)金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)。滇(dian)金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)是中(zhong)國特有的一級珍稀瀕(bin)危保護(hu)動(dong)物，與大熊貓一樣被(bei)稱為“國寶”。云南(nan)省迪(di)慶藏族自(zi)治州的白(bai)馬(ma)雪山自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區是中(zhong)國現(xian)有面積大的滇(dian)金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)國家(jia)(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區。隨(sui)著生態環境不斷(duan)改善、保護(hu)工作有效推進，保護(hu)區內的滇(dian)金(jin)絲(si)猴(hou)數量不斷(duan)增多，從(cong)2000年的1000只(zhi)上升到1500只(zhi)左右，約占(zhan)世(shi)界種群數量的70%。

價值地位

白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)地處橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈中段(duan)，巍峨的(de)云嶺(ling)自(zi)(zi)北(bei)向(xiang)南縱貫(guan)全區(qu)，5000米以上的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)有(you)(you)20座(zuo)，主峰(feng)白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)海拔5430米，相對高(gao)差超過3000米。區(qu)內植(zhi)(zhi)被垂(chui)直(zhi)分(fen)布明顯，在水平距離不足(zu)40公里內，有(you)(you)7-16個植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)布帶譜，相當于中國(guo)從南到北(bei)幾(ji)千(qian)公里的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)布帶，蔚為(wei)奇觀。白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)星葉草、瀾(lan)滄黃杉等(deng)十多種，國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護動物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)滇金絲猴、云豹、小熊貓(mao)等(deng)30多種，有(you)(you)“寒溫帶高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)國(guo)”之稱(cheng)，具很高(gao)的(de)科(ke)學價(jia)值。