芒果视频下载

歷史沿革

2012年2月29日，云南(nan)省人民政府正(zheng)式批準成立“云南(nan)烏蒙山省級自(zi)然保護區”。

2013年(nian)12月，國務(wu)院(yuan)辦(ban)公廳(ting)批(pi)準成立云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)(hu)區，主要由原來的(de)三(san)個省(sheng)級自然保護(hu)(hu)區（三(san)江口、海子坪、朝(chao)天馬）和二個市級自然保護(hu)(hu)區（大關縣羅漢壩、永(yong)善縣小巖方）合(he)并而成。

2014年12月，昭通市機構編(bian)制委員會(hui)批準成立(li)了“云南烏蒙(meng)山國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區管理局”，屬(shu)昭通市林業局下屬(shu)正科級(ji)財(cai)政全額撥款事業單(dan)位。

2015年12月，《云南省(sheng)機構編制委員會關于昭通市設(she)置國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區管護(hu)局的(de)批復》批準成立(li)了“云南烏蒙山國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區管護(hu)局”，屬(shu)昭通市林業(ye)局下屬(shu)正處(chu)級(ji)(ji)事業(ye)單(dan)位。?

2016年10月12日，《云南烏蒙山(shan)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區總體規劃》編制(zhi)工作正式啟動。?

地理環境

位置

云南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu)位于云南省東北部的昭通市境內(nei)，東部連接著(zhu)貴州巖(yan)溶山(shan)原(yuan)，北面與(yu)四川(chuan)盆地相(xiang)望，南邊向滇中高(gao)原(yuan)過渡，西處橫斷山(shan)脈的邊緣，地處四個自(zi)然區(qu)域(yu)特色逥(hui)然不同的結合過渡地帶。?

地質情況

地層

滇東北(bei)是揚子地(di)(di)(di)(di)臺蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)發(fa)育(yu)完全(quan)(quan)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區之(zhi)一，由于受到各種地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)運動(dong)的(de)影響，全(quan)(quan)區有多個地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)年代的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)露(lu)。云南(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)(hu)區正好位于滇東北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)臺沉積帶內(nei)，因此(ci)該保護(hu)(hu)區也(ye)出(chu)(chu)(chu)露(lu)有多個地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)年代的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)。根據考察(cha)的(de)結果(guo)，烏蒙山(shan)自然保護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)主要(yao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)露(lu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)有寒武系(xi)(xi)、奧陶系(xi)(xi)、泥盆系(xi)(xi)、二疊系(xi)(xi)、三(san)疊系(xi)(xi)、侏羅系(xi)(xi)等地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)年代的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)。其(qi)中(zhong)以二疊系(xi)(xi)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)露(lu)最為(wei)廣泛，其(qi)次為(wei)泥盆系(xi)(xi)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)。?

巖石

云南烏蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)因分(fen)(fen)(fen)布范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)較(jiao)大，所以境內(nei)及其附(fu)近地區(qu)所出(chu)露的巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)種(zhong)類較(jiao)多。根據考察發現，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、變質(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和沉(chen)積(ji)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)均有(you)出(chu)現，并(bing)且(qie)都有(you)一定的分(fen)(fen)(fen)布范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)。在三大類巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)中(zhong)，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和變質(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的分(fen)(fen)(fen)布范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)較(jiao)小，沉(chen)積(ji)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的分(fen)(fen)(fen)布面積(ji)較(jiao)大，幾(ji)乎(hu)遍布保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)所有(you)片區(qu)。?

構造

云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙(meng)山國家(jia)(jia)級自(zi)然保護區屬于揚子準地臺，滇黔川鄂臺坳中的褶(zhe)皺斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)地帶，經歷了(le)三次大(da)(da)的地殼運動，即晉寧運動、加里東運動和(he)喜馬拉雅(ya)運動，因(yin)而形成了(le)復(fu)雜的地形和(he)地貌(mao)。全區的構造以斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)和(he)褶(zhe)皺最為發(fa)育(yu)，如斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)有鹽津——永善——巧家(jia)(jia)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)、大(da)(da)關——昭(zhao)(zhao)通(tong)——巧家(jia)(jia)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)和(he)彝(yi)良——昭(zhao)(zhao)通(tong)——巧家(jia)(jia)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)等(deng)，褶(zhe)皺發(fa)育(yu)如木桿新街向斜、羅漢壩背斜和(he)彝(yi)良復(fu)向斜等(deng)。受“小江斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)”的影(ying)響，整個昭(zhao)(zhao)通(tong)地區褶(zhe)皺和(he)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)均呈大(da)(da)致平行的北(bei)東方(fang)向，由此(ci)導(dao)致地貌(mao)結構復(fu)雜類型多樣化。?

地貌概況

地貌特征

（1）地勢(shi)向(xiang)北傾斜(xie)，并具有雙層(ceng)結構

云南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)恰處于(yu)云南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)高原的(de)(de)(de)北部(bu)(bu)，處于(yu)向(xiang)(xiang)四川盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)和貴州高原的(de)(de)(de)邊緣(yuan)(yuan)過(guo)(guo)渡(du)地(di)(di)帶，高原斜(xie)坡受金(jin)沙江及其支流的(de)(de)(de)深切，形成梁(liang)狀(zhuang)山(shan)地(di)(di)與狹長河谷(gu)相間的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)貌(mao)格局(ju)，地(di)(di)表十分(fen)(fen)崎嶇(qu)，地(di)(di)勢(shi)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)較(jiao)為(wei)特(te)殊(shu)，從上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)山(shan)峰(feng)線由西南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)北傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)，谷(gu)底線分(fen)(fen)兩(liang)(liang)個方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)，一為(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)北或(huo)東(dong)北向(xiang)(xiang)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)，一為(wei)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)或(huo)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)，使該區(qu)出現上(shang)、下兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)一致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，具有雙層(ceng)(ceng)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。在(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)面(mian)屬(shu)于(yu)四處盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)邊緣(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)地(di)(di)，整個地(di)(di)勢(shi)由西南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)北面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)沙江河谷(gu)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)，并向(xiang)(xiang)四川盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)過(guo)(guo)渡(du)，而與云南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)全省北高南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)低的(de)(de)(de)大地(di)(di)勢(shi)相反，以(yi)致(zhi)對植被(bei)和物(wu)種的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)產(chan)生了(le)顯著的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，如(ru)一些云南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)偏熱性物(wu)種能夠出現在(zai)本區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)北部(bu)(bu)。?

（2）高原(yuan)邊緣(yuan)型山原(yuan)地貌

云南烏蒙(meng)山國家級自然保護(hu)區正好處在云南高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)北緣，是一(yi)片高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)大型盆地過渡的斜坡地帶(dai)，大部分地面均(jun)被(bei)各級河流(liu)切開，形(xing)成長形(xing)山地與峽谷相間(jian)的地表形(xing)態。這種地貌結構，因在高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)邊(bian)緣地帶(dai)出(chu)現，故稱(cheng)為原(yuan)(yuan)邊(bian)型山原(yuan)(yuan)地貌。?

（3）深切割的中(zhong)山山地

云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護區所在(zai)地屬于(yu)五蓮峰(feng)和烏蒙山(shan)的(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)山(shan)地，平均高度在(zai)2000－2500米(mi)之間(jian)，東片僅在(zai)1500米(mi)左右(you)，屬于(yu)中山(shan)范疇。但從相對高度情況看，它切(qie)割(ge)較深，不少山(shan)地相對高度在(zai)1000米(mi)以上(shang)，部(bu)分(fen)在(zai)500－1000米(mi)之間(jian)，屬于(yu)中等切(qie)割(ge)到深切(qie)割(ge)的(de)(de)中山(shan)。山(shan)地組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)巖(yan)石以碎屑巖(yan)為主(zhu)，間(jian)有部(bu)分(fen)巖(yan)漿巖(yan)和碳(tan)酸巖(yan)，是一片組(zu)成(cheng)巖(yan)石種類較多的(de)(de)中山(shan)山(shan)地。?

（4）河谷以峽谷為主，缺少大型盆地

眾多支流(liu)流(liu)經(jing)保護區或其邊(bian)緣地(di)帶(dai)，其原邊(bian)地(di)帶(dai)又加上(shang)河(he)流(liu)深切(qie)，使得地(di)面異常崎嶇，除(chu)了深至中切(qie)割山地(di)外(wai)，基本上(shang)被縱橫的峽谷所連接，除(chu)了在一些支流(liu)河(he)流(liu)上(shang)源保留有原高原面上(shang)的古河(he)谷屬寬(kuan)谷形(xing)平坦(tan)地(di)貌形(xing)態外(wai)，很少有壩子。?

地貌類型

云南(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)所處地(di)勢高(gao)聳，區(qu)內(nei)有高(gao)大山(shan)脈(mo)分布，河流水(shui)系(xi)發達切割(ge)(ge)頗(po)深，地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)復雜多樣，是云貴(gui)高(gao)原(yuan)的(de)典型(xing)(xing)區(qu)域。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)范圍跨度較(jiao)大，從(cong)大地(di)貌(mao)(mao)形(xing)態看(kan)，是屬高(gao)原(yuan)邊緣(yuan)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)與(yu)峽谷區(qu)，但次(ci)一級(ji)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)形(xing)態的(de)種類(lei)(lei)(lei)仍然較(jiao)多，主(zhu)要的(de)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)有山(shan)地(di)、河谷與(yu)盆(pen)地(di)和(he)卡(ka)斯特地(di)貌(mao)(mao)等(deng)三種類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)。其中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)地(di)是保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)的(de)的(de)主(zhu)要地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，該類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)除深切割(ge)(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)之外(wai)，還包(bao)括有相對升降所殘(can)存的(de)部(bu)分高(gao)原(yuan)面殘(can)片(pian)及原(yuan)面上(shang)(shang)和(he)部(bu)分寬谷邊緣(yuan)上(shang)(shang)散(san)布的(de)丘陵地(di)貌(mao)(mao)。這一帶山(shan)地(di)海拔(ba)高(gao)度均在(zai)1000米以上(shang)(shang)，屬于低山(shan)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)范疇(chou)。?

氣候特點

云(yun)南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區位(wei)于云(yun)南(nan)東北(bei)部(bu)(bu)邊緣(yuan)，地(di)處云(yun)貴(gui)川(chuan)(chuan)三省結合部(bu)(bu)，地(di)勢北(bei)低南(nan)高(gao)，由(you)四川(chuan)(chuan)盆地(di)逐漸向云(yun)貴(gui)高(gao)原抬(tai)升，保(bao)護區內山巒(luan)交錯，河谷縱橫，是四川(chuan)(chuan)盆地(di)進入云(yun)南(nan)冷空氣(qi)的主要通道，易受冷空氣(qi)影響(xiang)，常在昆(kun)明準靜止鋒控制下(xia)，氣(qi)候與云(yun)南(nan)大(da)部(bu)(bu)分地(di)區不同，而與具有中國東部(bu)(bu)型季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候的特點(dian)的貴(gui)州相(xiang)似，屬亞熱帶濕潤季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候。

云南(nan)烏蒙山國家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)年平均氣(qi)溫13～17℃；年日(ri)照時數(shu)在(zai)1000小時以下，平均每天(tian)不到(dao)3小時；無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)期有9～11個月，永(yong)善無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)期320天(tian)，鹽(yan)津無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)期328天(tian)，大關無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)期310天(tian)，彝(yi)良無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)期295天(tian)；年降水(shui)量(liang)600～1300毫米之(zhi)間；西南(nan)部包括(kuo)永(yong)善和(he)彝(yi)良一部分(fen)地(di)區(qu)屬西部型(xing)季風氣(qi)候(hou)，東北部包括(kuo)鹽(yan)津、大關全部，永(yong)善和(he)彝(yi)良大部分(fen)地(di)區(qu)，具有東部型(xing)季風氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu)的特(te)征。?

水文特點

云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區大部分地區都(dou)處于(yu)中、北亞熱帶，故而降雨量豐(feng)富，境內(nei)水系比較發達(da)，各個片區內(nei)都(dou)有(you)多條河流和溪流。?

云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙山國家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)其附(fu)近地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬于金沙江水(shui)(shui)系(xi)，較(jiao)大的河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有洛澤(ze)河(he)(he)、白水(shui)(shui)江、黃水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)、大關河(he)(he)、木桿(gan)河(he)(he)和小河(he)(he)等(deng)。這(zhe)些河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)布于昭通(tong)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的中(zhong)部和北(bei)部，其支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)多發源于保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)。受高(gao)原邊緣(yuan)的地(di)(di)勢條件與區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)中(zhong)部局(ju)部隆起(qi)的影響，河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)向(xiang)較(jiao)復雜(za)，大部分(fen)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)由南(nan)向(xiang)北(bei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。其中(zhong)，白水(shui)(shui)江向(xiang)西、西北(bei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動，而紅(hong)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)向(xiang)東流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，黃水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)與高(gao)橋河(he)(he)的局(ju)部河(he)(he)段又向(xiang)南(nan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)基本上(shang)也是多向(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動。?

區域范圍

云南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于(yu)云南(nan)省東(dong)北部的昭通市(shi)境(jing)內，東(dong)連貴州巖溶山原，北與四川盆地相望，南(nan)向(xiang)滇中(zhong)高原過渡，西處橫斷山脈邊緣。地跨大關、彝良、鹽(yan)津(jin)、永善和威信等5個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、16個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)，大關縣(xian)(xian)(xian)木桿鎮(zhen)(zhen)（漂壩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、元亨村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、天(tian)星(xing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（沿河(he)(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、中(zhong)心(xin)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），永善縣(xian)(xian)(xian)細沙(sha)鄉（細沙(sha)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、三(san)堡村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、石坪(ping)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、團結鄉（東(dong)勝(sheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、蘇田村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、向(xiang)陽村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大毛村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、檜溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)（得勝(sheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），鹽(yan)津(jin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)和鄉（大浩(hao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、柿子(zi)(zi)壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)（新生村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、岔河(he)(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、廟壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)（流場(chang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、紅碧(bi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、豆沙(sha)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（銀廠村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），彝良縣(xian)(xian)(xian)小草壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)（小草壩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大橋村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、兩(liang)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（兩(liang)河(he)(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、大竹村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、白(bai)米村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、半河(he)(he)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、鐘鳴鎮(zhen)(zhen)（麻(ma)窩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、牛(niu)街鎮(zhen)(zhen)（三(san)合村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、龍海(hai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（龍海(hai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、放(fang)牛(niu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)）、洛旺(wang)鄉（中(zhong)廠村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、樹草村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），威信縣(xian)(xian)(xian)長安鎮(zhen)(zhen)（安穩村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)），地理坐標(biao)介于(yu)東(dong)經103°51′47" ～104°45′04"，北緯27°47′35"～28°17′42"之間。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由(you)(you)三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、朝(chao)天(tian)馬(ma)片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和海(hai)子(zi)(zi)坪(ping)片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)三(san)個片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組(zu)(zu)成，三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由(you)(you)原來(lai)的三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口省級(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和小巖方市(shi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組(zu)(zu)成；朝(chao)天(tian)馬(ma)片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由(you)(you)原來(lai)的朝(chao)天(tian)馬(ma)省級(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和羅漢壩市(shi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組(zu)(zu)成；而海(hai)子(zi)(zi)坪(ping)片(pian)(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是原海(hai)子(zi)(zi)坪(ping)省級(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。云南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)26186.65公頃(qing)。?

保護目標

綜述

云(yun)(yun)南烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區是保(bao)(bao)存面積較大而完(wan)整，類型結構典型，并具(ju)有云(yun)(yun)貴高原代表(biao)性(xing)的亞熱(re)帶(dai)山(shan)地濕(shi)性(xing)常(chang)(chang)綠闊葉林森林生態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)，同時以維護(hu)烏蒙(meng)山(shan)區與金(jin)沙江(jiang)—長江(jiang)流域生態(tai)安全為(wei)主要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)管理(li)目標，其(qi)(qi)主要保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對象為(wei)亞熱(re)帶(dai)濕(shi)性(xing)常(chang)(chang)綠闊葉林森林生態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)、珍(zhen)稀瀕危動植物物種資源及其(qi)(qi)棲息地。?

動物分類

哺乳類

截(jie)至(zhi)2016年，云南烏蒙山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)有哺乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)9目、28科、70屬、92種。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)分布有中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)CITES附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)Ⅰ、附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)Ⅱ保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)哺乳(ru)類23種，其中(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有金(jin)錢豹、云豹和(he)林麝3種，國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有黑(hei)熊、小(xiao)熊貓(mao)、水獺(ta)、金(jin)貓(mao)、中(zhong)華鬣(lie)羚(ling)、川西斑羚(ling)、穿山(shan)甲(jia)、水鹿、獼猴(hou)(hou)、藏酋(qiu)猴(hou)(hou)、豺、青鼬、小(xiao)爪水獺(ta)、大(da)靈(ling)貓(mao)、小(xiao)靈(ling)貓(mao)、叢林貓(mao)16種，毛冠鹿是云南省Ⅱ級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)哺乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)；CITES的(de)(de)(de)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)種更多(duo)，除(chu)3種國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)為(wei)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)種，國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)有黑(hei)熊、林麝、穿山(shan)甲(jia)、水獺(ta)、金(jin)貓(mao)、鬣(lie)羚(ling)和(he)斑羚(ling)等(deng)7種亦(yi)被(bei)列(lie)(lie)為(wei)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)種，另有中(zhong)國(guo)未列(lie)(lie)入國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)名單的(de)(de)(de)豹貓(mao)和(he)北樹鼩也被(bei)列(lie)(lie)為(wei)附(fu)錄(lu)(lu)-Ⅱ物(wu)(wu)種。重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)哺乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)較多(duo)是保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)另一大(da)特(te)色。?

鳥類

截(jie)至2016年，云南(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)共(gong)有(you)356種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于(yu)18目(mu)、66科；并且在各生境(jing)類(lei)型中都有(you)分(fen)布(bu)，以(yi)常綠(lv)闊葉林記錄的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數為(wei)最多(duo)有(you)197種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)記錄總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)55.34%，針闊混交林187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)52.53 %、干熱(re)(re)(re)河(he)谷180種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，農田耕作地(di)175種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，濕地(di)93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，松林生境(jing)類(lei)型相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較少有(you)80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)22.47%，反映(ying)了鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)生境(jing)多(duo)樣性特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)。居(ju)留(liu)情(qing)況以(yi)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)絕對(dui)(dui)優勢(shi)計195種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)記錄總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)54.78%，夏候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)50種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)19.04%， 冬候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17. 98% ，旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)13. 20%。在該(gai)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)類(lei)型也十分(fen)的(de)(de)豐富(fu)，總體上以(yi)東(dong)洋(yang)型種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)優勢(shi)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)所(suo)錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)31.18%，其(qi)中又(you)以(yi)熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)～溫帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)～北(bei)(bei)(bei)亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)和(he)熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)～中亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)繁殖鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)為(wei)多(duo)；其(qi)次是喜(xi)馬(ma)拉雅－橫(heng)斷山(shan)區(qu)型，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)16.29%，其(qi)中又(you)以(yi)橫(heng)斷山(shan)～喜(xi)馬(ma)拉雅和(he)在橫(heng)斷山(shan)區(qu)繁殖的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)為(wei)多(duo)；古北(bei)(bei)(bei)型的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)14. 04%，泛古北(bei)(bei)(bei)型種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)10.11%，東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)型占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 9.55%，全北(bei)(bei)(bei)型占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7.30%，南(nan)中國型占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7.02%，季風型占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.12%。該(gai)區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)分(fen)布(bu)類(lei)型與區(qu)系組成表(biao)現出(chu)該(gai)區(qu)處于(yu)東(dong)洋(yang)界向古北(bei)(bei)(bei)界過渡的(de)(de)區(qu)域特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)。該(gai)區(qu)保護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數較多(duo)，有(you)國家I級重點保護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)有(you)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（四川山(shan)鷓鴣、白(bai)鷴(xian)峨眉亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、黑(hei)頸鶴(he)、黑(hei)鸛），國家II級重點保護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。?

兩棲爬行類

截至2016年，云南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)已知(zhi)具有93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩棲爬行(xing)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中兩棲動物(wu)(wu)(wu)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)于2目9科19屬(shu)；爬行(xing)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)于3目（亞目）11科29屬(shu)。該(gai)流(liu)域還具有不少(shao)數量的珍(zhen)稀、瀕危和(he)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)兩棲爬行(xing)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類，其中包括2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)，大鯢和(he)貴州疣螈(yuan)；3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)云南省保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即(ji)舟山(shan)眼鏡蛇(she)(she)、孟加拉眼鏡蛇(she)(she)和(he)眼鏡王蛇(she)(she)；5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)云南省有經(jing)濟價值的物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即(ji)平胸龜(gui)、鱉、王錦(jin)蛇(she)(she)、黑眉錦(jin)蛇(she)(she)和(he)烏(wu)梢蛇(she)(she)；3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列入《瀕危野生(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿(mao)易公約》（CITES）附錄II的物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即(ji)平胸龜(gui)、眼鏡蛇(she)(she)和(he)眼鏡王蛇(she)(she)，它們屬(shu)于典型的熱帶(dai)成(cheng)分，該(gai)區(qu)是該(gai)類群(qun)分布的最北限，在生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地理上(shang)具有特(te)別重要的意義(yi)。?

魚類

云南(nan)(nan)烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內的(de)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)在金(jin)沙(sha)江魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)典型的(de)代表(biao)地(di)(di)位。截至2016年，金(jin)沙(sha)江水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)共記載(zai)土(tu)著魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)86種(zhong)，分(fen)屬(shu)(shu)6目11科57屬(shu)(shu)。保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)小流域(yu)共有(you)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)47種(zhong)，分(fen)別隸屬(shu)(shu)于3目9科39屬(shu)(shu)，而保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)僅(jin)屬(shu)(shu)金(jin)沙(sha)江下游江段的(de)支流小部分(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，并(bing)不(bu)包括昭通水(shui)富(fu)、綏江等縣干流地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，但(dan)物種(zhong)數卻占金(jin)沙(sha)江整個流域(yu)總(zong)種(zhong)數的(de)54.6%。可見，保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)雖(sui)由(you)支流組成，但(dan)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)豐富(fu)，區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)復(fu)雜(za)，是云南(nan)(nan)金(jin)沙(sha)江水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)代表(biao)性的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。?

昆蟲

截(jie)至2016年(nian)，云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護區共(gong)記載(zai)(zai)昆蟲(chong)綱9目71科302屬(shu)423種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中記載(zai)(zai)直翅(chi)目3科8屬(shu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，半(ban)翅(chi)目6科26屬(shu)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，同(tong)翅(chi)目5科7屬(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，脈翅(chi)目1科1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鞘翅(chi)目17科68屬(shu)82種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鱗翅(chi)目32科181屬(shu)242種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙翅(chi)目1科1屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，膜翅(chi)目6科30屬(shu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。?

植物分類

云南烏蒙山國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護區的自然(ran)環境條(tiao)件(jian)和植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)地理特點獨具一格，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類型可(ke)以(yi)劃分為4個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型、5個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)亞(ya)型、18個(ge)群(qun)(qun)系和44個(ge)群(qun)(qun)叢，主要森(sen)林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類型為濕性常綠(lv)闊葉(xie)林(lin)，以(yi)峨(e)眉栲林(lin)、硬斗(dou)石櫟林(lin)、華木荷林(lin)、四川新木姜子林(lin)等4個(ge)群(qun)(qun)系為主。?

截至2016年(nian)，云南(nan)烏蒙山國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共記載野(ye)生維管(guan)束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)179科(ke)，756屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，2174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括(kuo)28亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，153變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。其中，蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)33科(ke)，91屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，242種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括(kuo)2亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)，3變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；裸子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)，5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括(kuo)1變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；被(bei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)142科(ke)，660屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，1926種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括(kuo)26亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，149變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共146科(ke)，665屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，1932種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括(kuo)26亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，150變(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。 保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)146科(ke)可劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)9個(ge)類(lei)型(xing)和(he)(he)11個(ge)變(bian)(bian)型(xing)，顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)出(chu)該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)在(zai)科(ke)級(ji)水平上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)較(jiao)為(wei)復雜(za)，聯(lian)系(xi)較(jiao)為(wei)廣(guang)泛。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)653屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)15個(ge)類(lei)型(xing)和(he)(he)17個(ge)變(bian)(bian)型(xing)，基本(ben)涵(han)蓋了中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)，顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)了本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)在(zai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)級(ji)水平上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)復雜(za)性(xing)，以(yi)及(ji)同世界(jie)其它(ta)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)泛聯(lian)系(xi)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)水平上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理(li)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)十分(fen)(fen)廣(guang)泛。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)著1911種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野(ye)生種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，可劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)14個(ge)類(lei)型(xing)和(he)(he)20個(ge)變(bian)(bian)型(xing)，顯(xian)示(shi)(shi)出(chu)該保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)地(di)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)泛聯(lian)系(xi)。中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)、東亞(ya)(ya)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)熱帶亞(ya)(ya)洲成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)是構成(cheng)本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)主體成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)，反(fan)映了本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)既有(you)(you)廣(guang)泛性(xing)又有(you)(you)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)明顯(xian)特征。 在(zai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內眾多植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中，珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)極具特色(se)，按1999年(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)頒布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄(lu)(lu)（第一(yi)批）》統計(ji)，有(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)珙桐、南(nan)方紅豆(dou)杉、福(fu)建柏、連香樹、香果樹、十齒花、水青樹、金毛狗、中華桫(suo)欏(luo)、粗齒桫(suo)欏(luo)、小(xiao)黑桫(suo)欏(luo)、桫(suo)欏(luo)、禿葉黃檗、金蕎麥和(he)(he)異穎草等15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。按保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)級(ji)別劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。云南(nan)省級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)IUCN紅色(se)名錄(lu)(lu)收(shou)錄(lu)(lu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)等級(ji)在(zai)易危（VU）以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)CITES收(shou)錄(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

三(san)江口片區(qu)是昭(zhao)通市天然林保(bao)存最好的一(yi)個地(di)區(qu)，也是全省乃至全國范(fan)圍內珙桐、筇竹最集(ji)中(zhong)連(lian)片分(fen)布的地(di)區(qu)。保(bao)護區(qu)內現(xian)有國家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)物珙桐、南方紅豆杉，國家II級(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)物連(lian)香樹(shu)、福建柏、水青(qing)樹(shu)、十齒花(hua)、水青(qing)樹(shu)等，其他具有重要經濟及(ji)觀(guan)賞價值的動植(zhi)物若干。

朝天馬(ma)片區(qu)內的森林類(lei)型按照優勢種(zhong)和結構大體分為：珙桐—水青(qing)樹林、十齒花—五(wu)加(jia)林、樺—木荷—栲類(lei)林、散(san)生小徑竹林。在已公(gong)布的國家(jia)第(di)一、二批1032種(zhong)珍(zhen)稀瀕危(wei)保護植物中(zhong)，朝天馬(ma)片區(qu)分布有(you)29種(zhong)。在云南省1989年公(gong)布的215種(zhong)省級(ji)重點保護野生植物中(zhong)，朝天馬(ma)片區(qu)分布有(you)5種(zhong)。

海(hai)(hai)子坪片(pian)區是(shi)以保(bao)護毛(mao)(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)、水竹(zhu)(zhu)、羅漢竹(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)常(chang)綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)為主要對(dui)象的(de)(de)森林(lin)生(sheng)態系統類型自然(ran)保(bao)護區。該片(pian)區內有(you)國家Ⅰ級保(bao)護植物2種(zhong)，II級保(bao)護植物3種(zhong)（具憑(ping)證標本的(de)(de)）。在海(hai)(hai)子坪片(pian)區天(tian)(tian)然(ran)分布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)毛(mao)(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)面(mian)積超(chao)過(guo)200公頃(qing)，是(shi)目前國內保(bao)護好、古老(lao)的(de)(de)原(yuan)始毛(mao)(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)，也是(shi)我(wo)國毛(mao)(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)分布(bu)(bu)區的(de)(de)西部(bu)邊緣地(di)帶，這對(dui)研究野(ye)生(sheng)毛(mao)(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)的(de)(de)遺(yi)傳多樣性(xing)及分布(bu)(bu)規(gui)律有(you)重要價(jia)值。該片(pian)區還是(shi)我(wo)國野(ye)生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)的(de)(de)原(yuan)產(chan)地(di)之一，是(shi)小草壩野(ye)生(sheng)天(tian)(tian)麻(ma)原(yuan)產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)重要組成部(bu)分。?

管理措施

管理機構

2014年12月25日，昭通(tong)市(shi)機構編(bian)制(zhi)委員會批(pi)準成立云南烏蒙山國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護區管(guan)理局(ju)，為昭通(tong)市(shi)林(lin)業(ye)局(ju)下屬相當于正(zheng)科級(ji)(ji)財政全(quan)額預算事業(ye)單(dan)位(wei)，核定(ding)事業(ye)編(bian)制(zhi)15名、科級(ji)(ji)領(ling)導職數3名（1正(zheng)2副）。

2015年12月(yue)1日，云(yun)南省機構編制(zhi)委員會批準設立云(yun)南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保護區(qu)管(guan)護局(ju)，為昭通市林業局(ju)下屬正處級事業單位，核(he)定事業編制(zhi)62名(ming)，其中(zhong)：局(ju)長(chang)1名(ming)（正處級），副(fu)局(ju)長(chang)3名(ming)（副(fu)處級）。?

管理內容

2016年9月(yue)7日，云南(nan)烏蒙山國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)管護(hu)局開展集中整治破壞(huai)森林資源違法行為專項行動。?

開發利用

科學研究

2014年，為準確評(ping)(ping)價天然(ran)氣輸送管道工程建設(she)對烏(wu)蒙山國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區生物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)造成的(de)影響程度(du)及其可控(kong)性(xing)，全(quan)面調查(cha)評(ping)(ping)價區域的(de)生物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)現狀(zhuang)，并(bing)重點(dian)闡(chan)述了建設(she)項目(mu)對評(ping)(ping)價區景觀(guan)（生態系統）、生物(wu)(wu)群落（棲息地(di)）、物(wu)(wu)種（種群）、主要保護(hu)對象和(he)生物(wu)(wu)安全(quan)的(de)影響評(ping)(ping)價。?

旅游景點

扎(zha)西會(hui)議(yi)紀念館位于云(yun)南威(wei)信(xin)縣仔細鎮北，由扎(zha)西會(hui)議(yi)會(hui)址(zhi)、陳列館、紅軍烈(lie)士紀念碑三個部分(fen)組成，占地3824平方(fang)米。是云(yun)南省重點(dian)文物保護單位。1985年，中共中央書(shu)記胡耀邦視(shi)察昭通(tong)時題寫“扎(zha)西會(hui)議(yi)會(hui)址(zhi)”。

黃(huang)連河(he)(he)瀑布(bu)群，位(wei)于大關縣城(cheng)東南側5公里，緊(jin)鄰213國道，面積(ji)42平(ping)(ping)方公里，有(you)(you)“中(zhong)國瀑布(bu)之(zhi)鄉”之(zhi)稱。5平(ping)(ping)方公里的主游(you)覽區內(nei)就有(you)(you)大小瀑布(bu)40余個，山(shan)有(you)(you)水之(zhi)源(yuan)，水有(you)(you)山(shan)之(zhi)靈(ling)，山(shan)中(zhong)有(you)(you)水，水在山(shan)中(zhong)，大關黃(huang)連河(he)(he)瀑布(bu)群有(you)(you)著險(xian)峻挺(ting)拔的山(shan)，清秀靈(ling)逸(yi)的水，山(shan)水交融相得益彰(zhang)描繪(hui)了一幅美侖美奐的山(shan)水畫。此(ci)外(wai)還有(you)(you)地(di)(di)下(xia)溶洞、奇峰峭壁、密林山(shan)花、古(gu)剎名(ming)勝、苗族風(feng)情等景(jing)觀(guan)，集山(shan)、水、林、洞融為(wei)一體，以(yi)峻、秀、奇、幽(you)蔚為(wei)大觀(guan)，是開展旅(lv)游(you)觀(guan)光、休閑(xian)娛樂、度假療養的旅(lv)游(you)勝地(di)(di)。?

海(hai)子坪(ping)是1984年(nian)省人(ren)民政府批準建立的(de)以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)天然(ran)毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)、水竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)、羅漢(han)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)、小(xiao)熊貓等野(ye)生動(dong)植(zhi)物、天麻生境等為主的(de)省級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區，位(wei)于彝良縣(xian)東北部洛旺鄉中廠村(cun)，地處滇(dian)、川邊界，與四川筠連、昭通市鎮雄縣(xian)、威信(xin)縣(xian)接壤(rang)，距彝良縣(xian)城160公里，海(hai)拔(ba)1239—1709米之間，活(huo)立木(mu)總蓄積量(liang)11.50萬立方米 [13] ?，面積達4.5萬畝(mu) [14] ?。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區內有國家(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)樹珙桐，古老工藝竹(zhu)(zhu)種羅漢(han)竹(zhu)(zhu)和世界馳名的(de)觀賞竹(zhu)(zhu)種方竹(zhu)(zhu)等。其中：毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)0.7萬畝(mu)，21.44萬株，最(zui)高達15米，胸徑14～18厘米；水竹(zhu)(zhu)1.05萬畝(mu)。有國家(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物娃娃雞(ji)、紅腹(fu)(fu)錦雞(ji)、白腹(fu)(fu)錦雞(ji)、白鷴錦雞(ji)、大(da)鯢魚（娃娃魚）；國家(jia)二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物小(xiao)熊貓；國家(jia)三級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物黑熊、野(ye)牛(niu)等。

生態價值

云(yun)南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)由于獨特的(de)(de)自然(ran)地(di)(di)理(li)和氣候條件，使得(de)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)生物多樣性極為豐富，區(qu)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)亞熱帶山(shan)地(di)(di)濕(shi)性常綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)極具典(dian)型性和代(dai)表性，也是同緯度的(de)(de)華中華東(dong)地(di)(di)區(qu)天(tian)然(ran)植被的(de)(de)代(dai)表，是真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)高山(shan)水塔，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)好這一地(di)(di)區(qu)典(dian)型的(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)森林(lin)生態系統和天(tian)然(ran)的(de)(de)物種基因庫意義(yi)十分重大。?

云南(nan)(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保護區的建立，為滇東(dong)(dong)北、川(chuan)西南(nan)(nan)山(shan)地(di)特有種(zhong)(zhong)、中(zhong)國重點保護鳥類、國際珍稀瀕危物種(zhong)(zhong) —— 四川(chuan)山(shan)鷓(zhe)鴣、白鷴峨(e)眉亞種(zhong)(zhong)、黑頸(jing)鶴、黑鸛等種(zhong)(zhong)類及其對西南(nan)(nan)山(shan)地(di)亞區、川(chuan)西南(nan)(nan)滇東(dong)(dong)北山(shan)地(di)小(xiao)區的區系成分，提供了良好的棲息地(di)保護，并對長江上游水源林保護具(ju)有特殊意義。