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歷史沿革

2012年2月29日，云南(nan)省人(ren)民(min)政府(fu)正式批準成立“云南(nan)烏蒙山省級自然保護區”。

2013年12月，國務院(yuan)辦公廳批準成立云南烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區，主要由原(yuan)來的(de)三(san)個省級(ji)自(zi)然保護區（三(san)江口(kou)、海(hai)子(zi)坪、朝天(tian)馬）和二個市級(ji)自(zi)然保護區（大關縣羅漢壩、永(yong)善縣小巖方）合并而成。

2014年12月，昭通市(shi)(shi)機構編制(zhi)委員會(hui)批準(zhun)成(cheng)立了“云南烏蒙山國家級(ji)自然保(bao)護區管理局”，屬昭通市(shi)(shi)林業局下屬正科(ke)級(ji)財(cai)政全額撥款(kuan)事業單位。

2015年12月，《云南省機構編(bian)制委員會關(guan)于昭通市設置國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區管護局的批復》批準成立了(le)“云南烏蒙山國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區管護局”，屬昭通市林業(ye)局下屬正處級(ji)事業(ye)單位。?

2016年(nian)10月12日，《云南烏蒙山國家級自然保護區(qu)總體規劃》編制工作正式啟動。?

地理環境

位置

云南烏蒙山國家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區位于云南省東(dong)北(bei)部的昭(zhao)通市境內，東(dong)部連(lian)接(jie)著貴(gui)州巖(yan)溶山原，北(bei)面與四川盆地相望，南邊向(xiang)滇中高原過渡，西處(chu)橫斷山脈的邊緣，地處(chu)四個(ge)自然(ran)區域特色逥然(ran)不同的結合(he)過渡地帶。?

地質情況

地層

滇東北(bei)(bei)是揚子地(di)(di)(di)(di)臺蓋層(ceng)(ceng)發育完全的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之一，由于受到(dao)各種地(di)(di)(di)(di)質運動的(de)(de)(de)影響，全區(qu)(qu)有(you)多(duo)個地(di)(di)(di)(di)質年代的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)露。云(yun)南(nan)烏蒙山國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)正好(hao)位(wei)于滇東北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)臺沉(chen)積(ji)帶內(nei)，因此該保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)也(ye)出(chu)露有(you)多(duo)個地(di)(di)(di)(di)質年代的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)。根(gen)據考察的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果，烏蒙山自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)主要(yao)出(chu)露的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)有(you)寒武系(xi)(xi)、奧陶(tao)系(xi)(xi)、泥盆(pen)(pen)系(xi)(xi)、二疊系(xi)(xi)、三疊系(xi)(xi)、侏羅系(xi)(xi)等地(di)(di)(di)(di)質年代的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)。其中以二疊系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)露最為廣泛(fan)，其次為泥盆(pen)(pen)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)。?

巖石

云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)因分(fen)布范圍(wei)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，所(suo)以境內及(ji)其附近地(di)區(qu)所(suo)出露(lu)的(de)(de)巖石種類較(jiao)多。根(gen)據(ju)考察發現，保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內巖漿巖、變(bian)質巖和(he)沉積巖均(jun)有出現，并且都有一定(ding)的(de)(de)分(fen)布范圍(wei)。在三大(da)(da)類巖石中，巖漿巖和(he)變(bian)質巖的(de)(de)分(fen)布范圍(wei)較(jiao)小(xiao)，沉積巖的(de)(de)分(fen)布面積較(jiao)大(da)(da)，幾乎遍(bian)布保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)所(suo)有片區(qu)。?

構造

云南烏蒙山國家級自然保護區(qu)屬(shu)于(yu)揚子準地臺，滇黔(qian)川鄂臺坳中的(de)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)地帶，經(jing)歷(li)了三次大的(de)地殼運(yun)動，即晉(jin)寧(ning)運(yun)動、加里東運(yun)動和(he)(he)喜馬(ma)拉雅運(yun)動，因(yin)而形(xing)成了復雜(za)的(de)地形(xing)和(he)(he)地貌。全(quan)區(qu)的(de)構(gou)造以斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)和(he)(he)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)最(zui)為發育，如斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)有鹽津(jin)——永善——巧(qiao)家斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)、大關——昭通——巧(qiao)家斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)和(he)(he)彝良——昭通——巧(qiao)家斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)等(deng)，褶(zhe)皺(zhou)發育如木桿新街向(xiang)斜、羅漢壩背斜和(he)(he)彝良復向(xiang)斜等(deng)。受“小(xiao)江斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)”的(de)影響，整個昭通地區(qu)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)和(he)(he)斷(duan)裂(lie)(lie)均(jun)呈大致平行(xing)的(de)北東方(fang)向(xiang)，由(you)此導致地貌結(jie)構(gou)復雜(za)類型多樣(yang)化。?

地貌概況

地貌特征

（1）地勢(shi)向北傾斜，并(bing)具(ju)有雙層結構

云南(nan)(nan)烏蒙山國家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)恰處(chu)于(yu)云南(nan)(nan)高原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)部，處(chu)于(yu)向(xiang)(xiang)四川(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)貴(gui)州高原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)緣(yuan)過渡地(di)(di)(di)帶，高原(yuan)(yuan)斜(xie)(xie)坡受金(jin)沙江及其支流的(de)(de)(de)深切，形成(cheng)梁狀山地(di)(di)(di)與(yu)狹長河谷(gu)相間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)貌格局，地(di)(di)(di)表十分(fen)(fen)崎嶇，地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)較為特殊，從上(shang)層(ceng)山峰線由西南(nan)(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)北(bei)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)，谷(gu)底(di)線分(fen)(fen)兩個方向(xiang)(xiang)，一(yi)為向(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)或(huo)東(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)，一(yi)為向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)或(huo)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)，使該(gai)區(qu)出現(xian)上(shang)、下(xia)兩層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)方向(xiang)(xiang)不一(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)狀況，具有雙層(ceng)結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)特點。在保(bao)護區(qu)南(nan)(nan)面(mian)屬于(yu)四處(chu)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)緣(yuan)山地(di)(di)(di)，整個地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)由西南(nan)(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)北(bei)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)沙江河谷(gu)傾(qing)(qing)斜(xie)(xie)，并向(xiang)(xiang)四川(chuan)(chuan)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)過渡，而與(yu)云南(nan)(nan)全省北(bei)高南(nan)(nan)低的(de)(de)(de)大地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)相反，以致對植(zhi)被和(he)物種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布產(chan)生了(le)顯著的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，如一(yi)些云南(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)部的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)熱性物種(zhong)(zhong)能夠出現(xian)在本(ben)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)部。?

（2）高(gao)原邊緣型(xing)山原地貌

云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙山國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)正好處在云南(nan)高原(yuan)北緣，是一片高原(yuan)向(xiang)大型(xing)盆地(di)過渡(du)的(de)斜坡地(di)帶，大部分地(di)面均被各級河流切開，形(xing)(xing)成長(chang)形(xing)(xing)山地(di)與峽谷相間的(de)地(di)表形(xing)(xing)態。這種地(di)貌結構，因在高原(yuan)邊緣地(di)帶出現，故稱(cheng)為原(yuan)邊型(xing)山原(yuan)地(di)貌。?

（3）深切(qie)割的中山山地

云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)所在地屬(shu)于五蓮峰和(he)烏蒙山(shan)(shan)的部分山(shan)(shan)地，平均(jun)高度在2000－2500米(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間，東片(pian)僅(jin)在1500米(mi)(mi)左右(you)，屬(shu)于中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)范疇。但從(cong)相對高度情況看，它切割較(jiao)深，不(bu)少(shao)山(shan)(shan)地相對高度在1000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上，部分在500－1000米(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間，屬(shu)于中(zhong)等(deng)切割到深切割的中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)地組成的巖(yan)石以(yi)碎(sui)屑巖(yan)為主，間有部分巖(yan)漿巖(yan)和(he)碳酸巖(yan)，是(shi)一片(pian)組成巖(yan)石種(zhong)類較(jiao)多的中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地。?

（4）河谷以峽谷為主(zhu)，缺少大型盆地(di)

眾多支流(liu)流(liu)經保(bao)護(hu)區或其邊(bian)緣地(di)(di)(di)帶，其原(yuan)邊(bian)地(di)(di)(di)帶又加上河流(liu)深切，使得地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)異常崎(qi)嶇，除了深至(zhi)中切割山地(di)(di)(di)外(wai)，基本上被縱(zong)橫(heng)的峽谷(gu)(gu)(gu)所連(lian)接(jie)，除了在一(yi)些支流(liu)河流(liu)上源(yuan)保(bao)留(liu)有原(yuan)高原(yuan)面(mian)上的古河谷(gu)(gu)(gu)屬寬谷(gu)(gu)(gu)形平(ping)坦地(di)(di)(di)貌形態外(wai)，很(hen)少(shao)有壩子。?

地貌類型

云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)所處(chu)地(di)(di)勢(shi)高(gao)聳，區(qu)內有高(gao)大(da)山(shan)脈分布，河流水系(xi)發達切割(ge)頗深，地(di)(di)貌類(lei)(lei)(lei)型復雜多樣，是云貴高(gao)原的典型區(qu)域。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)范圍跨度較大(da)，從大(da)地(di)(di)貌形(xing)態(tai)看，是屬高(gao)原邊(bian)緣的中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)與峽谷(gu)區(qu)，但次一(yi)(yi)級地(di)(di)貌形(xing)態(tai)的種類(lei)(lei)(lei)仍然較多，主要的地(di)(di)貌有山(shan)地(di)(di)、河谷(gu)與盆(pen)地(di)(di)和卡斯(si)特地(di)(di)貌等(deng)三(san)種類(lei)(lei)(lei)型。其中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)地(di)(di)是保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內的的主要地(di)(di)貌類(lei)(lei)(lei)型，該(gai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型中(zhong)(zhong)除深切割(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)之外，還包括(kuo)有相(xiang)對升降所殘存(cun)的部分高(gao)原面(mian)殘片及原面(mian)上(shang)和部分寬谷(gu)邊(bian)緣上(shang)散布的丘陵(ling)地(di)(di)貌。這一(yi)(yi)帶山(shan)地(di)(di)海拔(ba)高(gao)度均在1000米以上(shang)，屬于低山(shan)和中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)范疇。?

氣候特點

云(yun)南烏(wu)蒙山國家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)位于云(yun)南東北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)邊緣，地(di)處云(yun)貴川三(san)省結合部(bu)(bu)(bu)，地(di)勢北(bei)低(di)南高，由四(si)川盆(pen)地(di)逐(zhu)漸(jian)向云(yun)貴高原(yuan)抬(tai)升(sheng)，保(bao)護區(qu)內山巒交錯(cuo)，河(he)谷(gu)縱(zong)橫，是四(si)川盆(pen)地(di)進入云(yun)南冷空氣的(de)主要通道，易受冷空氣影(ying)響，常在(zai)昆明準靜止(zhi)鋒控制(zhi)下，氣候(hou)與云(yun)南大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分地(di)區(qu)不同，而與具有中國東部(bu)(bu)(bu)型(xing)季風氣候(hou)的(de)特點的(de)貴州相似(si)，屬(shu)亞熱帶濕潤(run)季風氣候(hou)。

云南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)年(nian)平均氣溫13～17℃；年(nian)日照(zhao)時數在1000小時以下(xia)，平均每天不到(dao)3小時；無霜(shuang)期有9～11個月，永(yong)善(shan)無霜(shuang)期320天，鹽(yan)津無霜(shuang)期328天，大關(guan)無霜(shuang)期310天，彝良(liang)無霜(shuang)期295天；年(nian)降水量600～1300毫米之間；西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)包括永(yong)善(shan)和彝良(liang)一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分地(di)區(qu)屬(shu)西部(bu)(bu)(bu)型(xing)季風(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)，東北部(bu)(bu)(bu)包括鹽(yan)津、大關(guan)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)，永(yong)善(shan)和彝良(liang)大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分地(di)區(qu)，具有東部(bu)(bu)(bu)型(xing)季風(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)區(qu)的特(te)征(zheng)。?

水文特點

云南(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護區大部分地區都處于中、北(bei)亞熱(re)帶，故而降雨量豐富，境(jing)內水系比較(jiao)發達，各個片(pian)區內都有(you)多條河流(liu)和(he)溪流(liu)。?

云南(nan)烏蒙山國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)其(qi)附近地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬于金沙江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)，較(jiao)大(da)的(de)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有(you)洛澤河(he)(he)(he)、白(bai)水(shui)(shui)江(jiang)、黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、大(da)關河(he)(he)(he)、木桿(gan)河(he)(he)(he)和小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)等。這些河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)分布于昭通(tong)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)中(zhong)部和北部，其(qi)支流(liu)多發(fa)源(yuan)于保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)內。受高原邊緣的(de)地(di)(di)勢條件與(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內中(zhong)部局(ju)(ju)部隆起的(de)影響，河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)流(liu)向(xiang)較(jiao)復雜，大(da)部分河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)由南(nan)向(xiang)北流(liu)。其(qi)中(zhong)，白(bai)水(shui)(shui)江(jiang)向(xiang)西、西北流(liu)動，而紅水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)向(xiang)東流(liu)，黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)與(yu)高橋河(he)(he)(he)的(de)局(ju)(ju)部河(he)(he)(he)段又向(xiang)南(nan)流(liu)，保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)內河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)基本上也是多向(xiang)流(liu)動。?

區域范圍

云(yun)(yun)南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于云(yun)(yun)南(nan)省東(dong)北(bei)部的(de)昭通(tong)市(shi)(shi)境內，東(dong)連貴(gui)州巖(yan)溶山原，北(bei)與(yu)四川(chuan)盆地(di)相望，南(nan)向(xiang)滇中(zhong)高原過渡，西處橫斷山脈邊緣。地(di)跨大(da)關、彝良(liang)(liang)、鹽(yan)津、永(yong)善(shan)和威(wei)(wei)信(xin)等5個(ge)縣、16個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，大(da)關縣木(mu)桿鎮(zhen)(zhen)（漂壩村(cun)(cun)、元(yuan)亨村(cun)(cun)）、天(tian)星鎮(zhen)(zhen)（沿河(he)村(cun)(cun)、中(zhong)心村(cun)(cun)），永(yong)善(shan)縣細沙鄉(xiang)（細沙村(cun)(cun)、三堡村(cun)(cun)、石(shi)坪(ping)村(cun)(cun)）、團結鄉(xiang)（東(dong)勝村(cun)(cun)、蘇(su)田村(cun)(cun)、向(xiang)陽村(cun)(cun)、大(da)毛村(cun)(cun)）、檜溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)（得勝村(cun)(cun)），鹽(yan)津縣中(zhong)和鄉(xiang)（大(da)浩村(cun)(cun)）、柿子壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)（新生(sheng)村(cun)(cun)、岔河(he)村(cun)(cun)）、廟(miao)壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)（流場村(cun)(cun)、紅(hong)碧村(cun)(cun)）、豆沙鎮(zhen)(zhen)（銀廠村(cun)(cun)），彝良(liang)(liang)縣小(xiao)草壩鎮(zhen)(zhen)（小(xiao)草壩村(cun)(cun)、大(da)橋(qiao)村(cun)(cun)）、兩河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（兩河(he)村(cun)(cun)、大(da)竹村(cun)(cun)、白米村(cun)(cun)、半(ban)河(he)村(cun)(cun)）、鐘(zhong)鳴鎮(zhen)(zhen)（麻(ma)窩村(cun)(cun)）、牛(niu)街鎮(zhen)(zhen)（三合(he)村(cun)(cun)）、龍海鎮(zhen)(zhen)（龍海村(cun)(cun)、放牛(niu)村(cun)(cun)）、洛旺(wang)鄉(xiang)（中(zhong)廠村(cun)(cun)、樹草村(cun)(cun)），威(wei)(wei)信(xin)縣長安鎮(zhen)(zhen)（安穩村(cun)(cun)），地(di)理坐標介于東(dong)經(jing)103°51′47" ～104°45′04"，北(bei)緯27°47′35"～28°17′42"之間。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由三江(jiang)口片(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、朝天(tian)馬片(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和海子坪(ping)片(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)三個(ge)片(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng)，三江(jiang)口片(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由原來的(de)三江(jiang)口省級(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和小(xiao)巖(yan)方市(shi)(shi)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng)；朝天(tian)馬片(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由原來的(de)朝天(tian)馬省級(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和羅漢壩市(shi)(shi)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng)；而海子坪(ping)片(pian)(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是原海子坪(ping)省級(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。云(yun)(yun)南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總面積26186.65公(gong)頃。?

保護目標

綜述

云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區是保存面積較大而完整，類(lei)型結(jie)構(gou)典型，并(bing)具(ju)有云(yun)貴高(gao)原代表性的亞熱(re)帶山(shan)地濕(shi)性常綠闊葉林(lin)森林(lin)生態(tai)系統(tong)，同時(shi)以(yi)維護(hu)烏蒙山(shan)區與金沙江(jiang)—長江(jiang)流域(yu)生態(tai)安(an)全為主要(yao)保護(hu)管理目標，其主要(yao)保護(hu)對象為亞熱(re)帶濕(shi)性常綠闊葉林(lin)森林(lin)生態(tai)系統(tong)、珍稀瀕危動植物(wu)物(wu)種資源及其棲息地。?

動物分類

哺乳類

截至2016年，云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)有哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)9目、28科、70屬(shu)、92種(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)分布有中(zhong)國國家(jia)(jia)(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和CITES附錄(lu)(lu)Ⅰ、附錄(lu)(lu)Ⅱ保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)哺乳類23種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)，國家(jia)(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有金錢(qian)豹、云(yun)豹和林(lin)麝(she)3種(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有黑熊(xiong)、小(xiao)(xiao)熊(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)、水獺、金貓(mao)(mao)、中(zhong)華鬣(lie)羚、川西斑羚、穿山(shan)甲、水鹿(lu)、獼猴、藏酋猴、豺、青鼬、小(xiao)(xiao)爪水獺、大靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)、小(xiao)(xiao)靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)、叢林(lin)貓(mao)(mao)16種(zhong)(zhong)，毛冠鹿(lu)是云(yun)南省(sheng)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)；CITES的(de)附錄(lu)(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)更多，除3種(zhong)(zhong)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)附錄(lu)(lu)Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)有黑熊(xiong)、林(lin)麝(she)、穿山(shan)甲、水獺、金貓(mao)(mao)、鬣(lie)羚和斑羚等7種(zhong)(zhong)亦被列(lie)為(wei)附錄(lu)(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)，另(ling)有中(zhong)國未(wei)列(lie)入國家(jia)(jia)(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)單的(de)豹貓(mao)(mao)和北樹鼩(qu)也被列(lie)為(wei)附錄(lu)(lu)-Ⅱ物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)。重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)較多是保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)另(ling)一大特色。?

鳥類

截至2016年，云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)共有356種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于(yu)18目(mu)、66科；并且在各生(sheng)境(jing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)都(dou)有分(fen)布，以(yi)常綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)記(ji)錄的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)最多(duo)有197種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)記(ji)錄總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)55.34%，針闊混交林(lin)187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)52.53 %、干熱(re)(re)(re)河谷180種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，農田(tian)耕作地(di)(di)175種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，濕地(di)(di)93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，松林(lin)生(sheng)境(jing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)對(dui)較少有80種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)22.47%，反映了鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布的(de)生(sheng)境(jing)多(duo)樣性特征。居(ju)留(liu)情況以(yi)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)絕對(dui)優勢計195種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)記(ji)錄總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)54.78%，夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)50種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)19.04%， 冬(dong)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17. 98% ，旅鳥(niao)(niao)47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)13. 20%。在該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)也十(shi)分(fen)的(de)豐富，總體上以(yi)東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)型(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)優勢，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)所錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)31.18%，其(qi)中(zhong)又以(yi)熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)～溫帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)～北(bei)(bei)亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)和熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)～中(zhong)亞熱(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)繁殖鳥(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)多(duo)；其(qi)次是喜馬拉雅(ya)－橫(heng)(heng)斷(duan)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)16.29%，其(qi)中(zhong)又以(yi)橫(heng)(heng)斷(duan)山(shan)～喜馬拉雅(ya)和在橫(heng)(heng)斷(duan)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)繁殖的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)多(duo)；古北(bei)(bei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)14. 04%，泛古北(bei)(bei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)10.11%，東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 9.55%，全北(bei)(bei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7.30%，南中(zhong)國型(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7.02%，季風(feng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.12%。該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)與區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系組成(cheng)表(biao)現出該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)處于(yu)東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)界向(xiang)古北(bei)(bei)界過渡的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域特征。該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)保護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)較多(duo)，有國家I級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（四川山(shan)鷓鴣、白鷴(xian)峨眉亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、黑頸鶴、黑鸛），國家II級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。?

兩棲爬行類

截至2016年(nian)，云(yun)南烏蒙山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區已知具有93種(zhong)兩棲(qi)爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)，其(qi)中兩棲(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)39種(zhong)，隸屬(shu)于2目9科19屬(shu)；爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)，隸屬(shu)于3目（亞(ya)目）11科29屬(shu)。該(gai)(gai)流域(yu)還具有不少數量的(de)(de)珍稀、瀕危和(he)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)兩棲(qi)爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)類(lei)，其(qi)中包括2種(zhong)國(guo)家Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，大(da)鯢(ni)和(he)貴州疣(you)螈；3種(zhong)云(yun)南省保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)，即舟山眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)蛇(she)(she)、孟(meng)加(jia)拉眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)蛇(she)(she)和(he)眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)王蛇(she)(she)；5種(zhong)云(yun)南省有經濟價值的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)，即平(ping)胸(xiong)龜(gui)、鱉、王錦蛇(she)(she)、黑眉錦蛇(she)(she)和(he)烏梢蛇(she)(she)；3種(zhong)列入《瀕危野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公約》（CITES）附錄II的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)，即平(ping)胸(xiong)龜(gui)、眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)蛇(she)(she)和(he)眼(yan)(yan)鏡(jing)王蛇(she)(she)，它(ta)們屬(shu)于典型的(de)(de)熱(re)帶成(cheng)分，該(gai)(gai)區是該(gai)(gai)類(lei)群(qun)分布(bu)的(de)(de)最北限(xian)，在(zai)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地理上具有特(te)別重要的(de)(de)意(yi)義。?

魚類

云南(nan)烏蒙山國家級自然保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)(de)魚類區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)在金(jin)沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)魚類區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中具有典型的(de)(de)(de)代表地(di)位。截至2016年，金(jin)沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水系(xi)(xi)(xi)共記載土著魚類86種，分屬(shu)(shu)6目(mu)11科(ke)57屬(shu)(shu)。保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)(xiao)流域共有魚類47種，分別隸屬(shu)(shu)于3目(mu)9科(ke)39屬(shu)(shu)，而保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)僅屬(shu)(shu)金(jin)沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)游江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)流小(xiao)(xiao)部分地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，并不包括(kuo)昭通水富、綏江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等縣干流地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，但(dan)物種數卻占金(jin)沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)整個流域總種數的(de)(de)(de)54.6%。可見，保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)魚類區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)雖由(you)支(zhi)流組成，但(dan)種類豐富，區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)復雜，是云南(nan)金(jin)沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水系(xi)(xi)(xi)魚類區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)中具有代表性的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。?

昆蟲

截至2016年，云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護區共記載昆蟲綱9目71科(ke)302屬(shu)423種(zhong)(zhong)。其中記載直翅(chi)(chi)目3科(ke)8屬(shu)10種(zhong)(zhong)，半翅(chi)(chi)目6科(ke)26屬(shu)30種(zhong)(zhong)，同(tong)翅(chi)(chi)目5科(ke)7屬(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)，脈(mo)翅(chi)(chi)目1科(ke)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)，鞘翅(chi)(chi)目17科(ke)68屬(shu)82種(zhong)(zhong)，鱗翅(chi)(chi)目32科(ke)181屬(shu)242種(zhong)(zhong)，雙翅(chi)(chi)目1科(ke)1屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，膜翅(chi)(chi)目6科(ke)30屬(shu)45種(zhong)(zhong)。?

植物分類

云(yun)南烏蒙山國家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保護區的自(zi)然(ran)環(huan)境條件和(he)植(zhi)被(bei)地(di)理(li)特點(dian)獨具(ju)一格，植(zhi)被(bei)類型(xing)可以(yi)劃分(fen)為(wei)4個(ge)植(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)、5個(ge)植(zhi)被(bei)亞型(xing)、18個(ge)群系和(he)44個(ge)群叢，主要森林植(zhi)被(bei)類型(xing)為(wei)濕(shi)性常綠闊(kuo)葉林，以(yi)峨眉栲林、硬(ying)斗石(shi)櫟林、華木荷林、四川(chuan)新木姜子(zi)林等4個(ge)群系為(wei)主。?

截至2016年，云(yun)南烏蒙山國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共(gong)記載(zai)野(ye)生(sheng)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)179科(ke)(ke)，756屬(shu)(shu)，2174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括(kuo)28亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，153變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。其中(zhong)，蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)33科(ke)(ke)，91屬(shu)(shu)，242種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括(kuo)2亞科(ke)(ke)，3變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；裸(luo)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)(ke)，5屬(shu)(shu)，6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括(kuo)1變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)142科(ke)(ke)，660屬(shu)(shu)，1926種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括(kuo)26亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，149變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)146科(ke)(ke)，665屬(shu)(shu)，1932種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包括(kuo)26亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，150變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。 保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)146科(ke)(ke)可劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)9個(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)和(he)(he)11個(ge)(ge)變(bian)型(xing)，顯(xian)示(shi)出該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)在(zai)科(ke)(ke)級(ji)(ji)水平(ping)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)理(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)較(jiao)為(wei)復(fu)雜(za)，聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)較(jiao)為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)653屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)15個(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)和(he)(he)17個(ge)(ge)變(bian)型(xing)，基本涵蓋了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)，顯(xian)示(shi)了(le)(le)本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)在(zai)屬(shu)(shu)級(ji)(ji)水平(ping)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)理(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)，以(yi)及同(tong)世界其它(ta)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)(ji)水平(ping)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)理(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)著1911種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野(ye)生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，可劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)14個(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)和(he)(he)20個(ge)(ge)變(bian)型(xing)，顯(xian)示(shi)出該保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)地(di)理(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)。中(zhong)國(guo)特有成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、東亞成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)(he)熱帶亞洲(zhou)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)是構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，反映(ying)了(le)(le)本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)既有廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)性(xing)又有自(zi)(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)明顯(xian)特征。 在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內眾多(duo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)，珍稀瀕危保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)極具(ju)特色，按1999年國(guo)務(wu)院頒布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)錄（第一批）》統(tong)計，有國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)珙桐(tong)、南方紅(hong)豆杉、福建柏、連香(xiang)樹(shu)、香(xiang)果樹(shu)、十齒花(hua)、水青樹(shu)、金毛(mao)狗、中(zhong)華(hua)桫欏、粗齒桫欏、小黑桫欏、桫欏、禿葉黃檗、金蕎(qiao)麥和(he)(he)異穎草(cao)等15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。按保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)級(ji)(ji)別劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，屬(shu)(shu)于國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)于國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。云(yun)南省級(ji)(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被IUCN紅(hong)色名(ming)錄收(shou)錄保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等級(ji)(ji)在(zai)易危（VU）以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被CITES收(shou)錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

三江口片(pian)區(qu)是昭(zhao)通市天然林保(bao)存最(zui)好的(de)(de)一個地區(qu)，也(ye)是全(quan)(quan)省乃(nai)至全(quan)(quan)國范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)珙桐、筇竹最(zui)集中連(lian)片(pian)分布的(de)(de)地區(qu)。保(bao)護區(qu)內(nei)現有國家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護植物(wu)珙桐、南(nan)方(fang)紅豆杉(shan)，國家II級(ji)保(bao)護植物(wu)連(lian)香樹(shu)(shu)、福建柏、水(shui)青樹(shu)(shu)、十齒花(hua)、水(shui)青樹(shu)(shu)等，其(qi)他(ta)具有重要(yao)經濟及觀賞價值(zhi)的(de)(de)動植物(wu)若干。

朝天(tian)馬片(pian)區(qu)內(nei)的(de)森林類(lei)型按(an)照優勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和結(jie)構(gou)大體分(fen)(fen)為：珙桐—水(shui)青樹林、十齒花—五(wu)加林、樺—木荷—栲類(lei)林、散生(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)徑竹林。在(zai)已公布(bu)的(de)國家第一、二批1032種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍(zhen)稀瀕危保(bao)護植物中(zhong)(zhong)，朝天(tian)馬片(pian)區(qu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)云南省(sheng)1989年公布(bu)的(de)215種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)省(sheng)級重點保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)植物中(zhong)(zhong)，朝天(tian)馬片(pian)區(qu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

海子坪片區(qu)是(shi)以保護(hu)(hu)毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、水竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、羅漢竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等常(chang)綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)林為主要(yao)對象的(de)森林生(sheng)態系統類型(xing)自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。該片區(qu)內有國家Ⅰ級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物2種(zhong)，II級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物3種(zhong)（具憑(ping)證標本的(de)）。在海子坪片區(qu)天然(ran)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)林面(mian)積(ji)超過200公頃，是(shi)目前國內保護(hu)(hu)好、古老的(de)原(yuan)始(shi)毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)林，也是(shi)我(wo)國毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)的(de)西部邊緣地(di)帶，這對研究(jiu)野生(sheng)毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)林的(de)遺傳多(duo)樣性及(ji)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)規律(lv)有重(zhong)要(yao)價值。該片區(qu)還是(shi)我(wo)國野生(sheng)天麻的(de)原(yuan)產地(di)之(zhi)一，是(shi)小草(cao)壩野生(sheng)天麻原(yuan)產地(di)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成部分(fen)。?

管理措施

管理機構

2014年(nian)12月25日(ri)，昭通市機(ji)構編制委員會批準成立云(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護區管理局，為(wei)昭通市林業(ye)局下屬相(xiang)當于正科級財政全額預算事(shi)業(ye)單位，核(he)定(ding)事(shi)業(ye)編制15名、科級領導職數3名（1正2副）。

2015年12月1日(ri)，云(yun)南(nan)省機構編(bian)制委員(yuan)會批準設(she)立云(yun)南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)管(guan)護局(ju)(ju)，為(wei)昭通市林業(ye)局(ju)(ju)下屬正處級(ji)事(shi)業(ye)單位，核定事(shi)業(ye)編(bian)制62名，其中：局(ju)(ju)長1名（正處級(ji)），副(fu)局(ju)(ju)長3名（副(fu)處級(ji)）。?

管理內容

2016年(nian)9月7日(ri)，云(yun)南烏蒙山國(guo)家(jia)級自然(ran)保護(hu)區管護(hu)局開展集中整治破壞森(sen)林(lin)資(zi)源(yuan)違法行為(wei)專項行動(dong)。?

開發利用

科學研究

2014年，為準(zhun)確評價天然氣(qi)輸送管道工程(cheng)建(jian)設對(dui)烏蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保護區生物多樣性造成的影(ying)響程(cheng)度及(ji)其可控性，全(quan)面調(diao)查評價區域的生物多樣性現狀(zhuang)，并重點闡述了(le)建(jian)設項目對(dui)評價區景觀（生態系統）、生物群落(luo)（棲息地）、物種（種群）、主要保護對(dui)象和生物安全(quan)的影(ying)響評價。?

旅游景點

扎(zha)西會(hui)議(yi)紀念館位(wei)于云南威信縣仔細鎮北，由扎(zha)西會(hui)議(yi)會(hui)址、陳列(lie)館、紅(hong)軍烈士紀念碑三(san)個部分組成，占地3824平方米。是(shi)云南省重點文物保護單位(wei)。1985年，中共(gong)中央書記(ji)胡耀邦視察昭通時題寫(xie)“扎(zha)西會(hui)議(yi)會(hui)址”。

黃(huang)連河瀑布(bu)群(qun)，位于(yu)大(da)關縣城東南側5公(gong)里(li)，緊鄰213國(guo)(guo)道(dao)，面積42平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)，有“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)瀑布(bu)之(zhi)鄉”之(zhi)稱。5平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)主游覽區內就(jiu)有大(da)小瀑布(bu)40余個，山有水(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)源，水(shui)(shui)(shui)有山之(zhi)靈，山中(zhong)有水(shui)(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)山中(zhong)，大(da)關黃(huang)連河瀑布(bu)群(qun)有著(zhu)險峻挺拔的(de)(de)山，清(qing)秀(xiu)靈逸的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，山水(shui)(shui)(shui)交融(rong)相(xiang)得益彰描繪了(le)一幅美侖美奐的(de)(de)山水(shui)(shui)(shui)畫。此外還有地(di)下溶洞(dong)、奇(qi)峰峭(qiao)壁、密林山花、古剎名勝(sheng)、苗族風情(qing)等(deng)景觀(guan)，集山、水(shui)(shui)(shui)、林、洞(dong)融(rong)為一體，以(yi)峻、秀(xiu)、奇(qi)、幽蔚為大(da)觀(guan)，是開展旅游觀(guan)光、休(xiu)閑娛樂(le)、度假療養的(de)(de)旅游勝(sheng)地(di)。?

海子(zi)坪是1984年省人(ren)民政府批(pi)準建(jian)立(li)的(de)以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)天然毛(mao)竹林(lin)、水竹林(lin)、羅漢竹林(lin)、小(xiao)熊貓等(deng)野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)、天麻生境(jing)等(deng)為主的(de)省級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區，位于彝良縣(xian)東北部洛旺鄉中(zhong)廠(chang)村，地處滇、川(chuan)邊界，與四(si)川(chuan)筠(yun)連(lian)、昭通市(shi)鎮(zhen)雄縣(xian)、威信縣(xian)接壤，距彝良縣(xian)城160公里，海拔1239—1709米(mi)(mi)之間，活立(li)木總蓄積(ji)量11.50萬立(li)方米(mi)(mi) [13] ?，面積(ji)達(da)4.5萬畝 [14] ?。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內有國家一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)樹珙桐，古老工藝竹種羅漢竹和世界馳名的(de)觀(guan)賞竹種方竹等(deng)。其中(zhong)：毛(mao)竹0.7萬畝，21.44萬株，最(zui)高達(da)15米(mi)(mi)，胸(xiong)徑14～18厘米(mi)(mi)；水竹1.05萬畝。有國家一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)娃(wa)娃(wa)雞(ji)(ji)、紅腹錦雞(ji)(ji)、白腹錦雞(ji)(ji)、白鷴(xian)錦雞(ji)(ji)、大(da)鯢魚(yu)（娃(wa)娃(wa)魚(yu)）；國家二(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)小(xiao)熊貓；國家三(san)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)黑熊、野(ye)(ye)牛等(deng)。

生態價值

云南烏(wu)蒙山國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區(qu)由于獨特的(de)(de)自然地理和(he)氣候條件，使得區(qu)內生物多樣性極為(wei)豐富(fu)，區(qu)內的(de)(de)亞熱帶(dai)山地濕性常綠闊葉林極具(ju)典型(xing)性和(he)代表(biao)(biao)性，也是同緯(wei)度的(de)(de)華(hua)中(zhong)華(hua)東地區(qu)天然植被的(de)(de)代表(biao)(biao)，是真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)高山水塔，保護(hu)好這一(yi)地區(qu)典型(xing)的(de)(de)天然森林生態系(xi)統(tong)和(he)天然的(de)(de)物種基因庫意義十分重大(da)。?

云(yun)南(nan)(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的(de)建立，為滇東北、川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)地(di)特有種(zhong)(zhong)、中國重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)、國際珍稀瀕危物種(zhong)(zhong) —— 四川(chuan)山(shan)鷓鴣、白鷴峨眉亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、黑(hei)頸鶴(he)、黑(hei)鸛等種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)及(ji)其對(dui)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)地(di)亞(ya)區(qu)、川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)滇東北山(shan)地(di)小區(qu)的(de)區(qu)系(xi)成(cheng)分，提供了良(liang)好的(de)棲息(xi)地(di)保(bao)護(hu)，并(bing)對(dui)長江(jiang)上游水源林保(bao)護(hu)具有特殊意義。