五(wu)里(li)坡自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)位于渝東門戶、三峽(xia)腹心(xin)、長江中上游(you)結(jie)(jie)合點(dian)、東西部(bu)結(jie)(jie)合部(bu),華中區(qu)(qu)三大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈——大(da)(da)(da)巴山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、巫(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、七曜山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(又名齊岳山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))交匯處(chu),系(xi)三峽(xia)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)重點(dian)淹沒(mei)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。五(wu)里(li)坡自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)位于巫(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣東北部(bu),東北部(bu)與湖北神奇的(de)神農架林區(qu)(qu)交界,恰在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)巴山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)弧與川東褶皺(zhou)的(de)結(jie)(jie)合部(bu),大(da)(da)(da)多為(wei)低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)形(xing),海(hai)拔(ba)多在(zai)1000至(zhi)2000米(mi)之(zhi)間,中心(xin)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)距(ju)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣城120公里(li)。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)最低(di)(di)點(dian)腳步典系(xi)海(hai)拔(ba)170米(mi),已(yi)被(bei)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)淹沒(mei);最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)點(dian)系(xi)當(dang)陽鄉(xiang)太(tai)平山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)2680米(mi),也是(shi)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)點(dian)。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)典型的(de)中深切(qie)割中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)形(xing),海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)差2510米(mi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈多呈(cheng)(cheng)東西走向(xiang),形(xing)成(cheng)平行嶺谷(gu)(gu)(gu),立(li)體(ti)地(di)(di)貌景觀獨具特色,一(yi)方面(mian)總體(ti)表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)強烈(lie)切(qie)割,崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺連(lian)綿起伏(fu)(fu),懸崖(ya)峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)(gu)隨處(chu)可(ke)見;另一(yi)方面(mian)地(di)(di)形(xing)有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)成(cheng)層性(xing)。地(di)(di)貌主要呈(cheng)(cheng)四種基本類型。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原,在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)部(bu)分(fen)布大(da)(da)(da)面(mian)積起伏(fu)(fu)和(he)緩的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di),蔥坪等地(di)(di)具有(you)神奇美麗的(de)旅游(you)景點(dian);山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di),相(xiang)對高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)大(da)(da)(da)于200米(mi)的(de)起伏(fu)(fu)地(di)(di)面(mian),根據海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)又分(fen)為(wei)2000米(mi)以下(xia)低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan);丘陵(ling),相(xiang)對高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)小于200米(mi)的(de)起伏(fu)(fu)地(di)(di)面(mian),巫(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)面(mian)積相(xiang)對較小,大(da)(da)(da)多分(fen)布在(zai)槽狀谷(gu)(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)、寬闊河灘周邊(bian)(bian),175米(mi)以下(xia)地(di)(di)帶已(yi)被(bei)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)淹沒(mei);臺地(di)(di),周邊(bian)(bian)被(bei)溝谷(gu)(gu)(gu)切(qie)割,邊(bian)(bian)沿(yan)呈(cheng)(cheng)陡(dou)崖(ya)和(he)臺階狀,頂(ding)面(mian)起伏(fu)(fu)緩和(he)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di),如市級森林公園梨子坪和(he)騾(luo)坪等地(di)(di)。
五里(li)坡自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)位(wei)于三峽腹心、弛名(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)外的(de)神女峰背后(hou)長江左岸,與國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)奇特的(de)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)神農架(jia)接壤(rang),和神女之(zhi)鄉國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)公園、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)風景名(ming)勝區(qu)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)AAAA級(ji)(ji)旅游區(qu)———小(xiao)三峽“聯姻”,美(mei)譽“孿生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姊妹”,系神奇的(de)天然(ran)綠色(se)寶庫。 保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內許多(duo)地(di)方處(chu)于原(yuan)始和次生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin)狀態,是野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)“王(wang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。通過森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)資源二類調查,野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)(wu)有(you)190科796屬1900多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)一(yi)、二級(ji)(ji)珍(zhen)稀植物(wu)(wu)珙桐、光葉珙桐、銀杏、水杉和樟樹、厚(hou)樸、紅豆樹、水青樹、巴(ba)山(shan)榧、香果樹、天麻、杜仲達30余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。從2006年(nian)開始,國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)林(lin)(lin)(lin)科院組織(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)對五里(li)坡林(lin)(lin)(lin)場進(jin)行(xing)了多(duo)輪考(kao)察。2011年(nian)10月,國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)組對五里(li)坡林(lin)(lin)(lin)場進(jin)行(xing)了正式評審(shen)。經過專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)組多(duo)次細致的(de)考(kao)察,在總面積35276.6 hm2的(de)五里(li)坡林(lin)(lin)(lin)場發(fa)現陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)422種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)二級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)47種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分布(bu)(bu)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或主(zhu)要分布(bu)(bu)于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)僅分布(bu)(bu)于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)有(you)40種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主(zhu)要分布(bu)(bu)于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)有(you)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),列入中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)紅色(se)名(ming)錄瀕危等(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)評估標準(zhun)近(jin)危種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以上等(deng)(deng)級(ji)(ji)的(de)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)79種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總數(shu)的(de)18.72%,如(ru)金(jin)絲(si)猴、豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、金(jin)雕、林(lin)(lin)(lin)麝(she)和獼猴、黑(hei)熊、斑羚(ling)、大(da)靈(ling)貓、水獺、鴛鴦、蒼(cang)鷹等(deng)(deng)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)有(you)3萬畝原(yuan)始森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)人類從未涉(she)足,還在五里(li)坡國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)場四(si)面環山(shan)的(de)大(da)蔥坪(ping)發(fa)現高山(shan)罕見的(de)濕地(di),在蔥翠的(de)苔草(cao)、蒿草(cao)、狐草(cao)的(de)濕地(di)大(da)坪(ping)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)嵌鑲一(yi)個約2000平方米的(de)“袖珍(zhen)翠湖”,野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)活(huo)躍,令人驚奇。
巫(wu)山(shan)是我國華(hua)中地區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性非常(chang)豐富(fu)的(de)熱(re)點地區(qu)(qu)之一,動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)近2000種,反映巫(wu)山(shan)五里坡自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)森(sen)林生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統的(de)自(zi)然景觀、動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)、植被類型、珍稀動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種分布和種群(qun)現狀等方面(mian)內(nei)容,該森(sen)林生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統在(zai)自(zi)然環(huan)境中的(de)存在(zai)價值及(ji)保護具(ju)有極其重要的(de)意義,珍稀瀕危(wei)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種更需要保護。
五里(li)坡林場由市(shi)級自然(ran)保護區(qu)晉升為國家級自然(ran)保護區(qu),使之(zhi)成為重慶重要的(de)生(sheng)態資(zi)源(yuan)庫、三(san)峽庫區(qu)重要的(de)生(sheng)態屏障(zhang)和全(quan)國優質(zhi)水資(zi)源(yuan)戰略儲備(bei)庫。預計(ji)到2018年,五里(li)坡有(you)望(wang)在實(shi)驗區(qu)域建原(yuan)始自然(ran)旅游景觀并(bing)對外(wai)開放(fang)。
長期以來(lai),巫山縣政府和林業部門及(ji)各鄉鎮,對(dui)五里坡自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)森林資(zi)(zi)(zi)源和動(dong)植物(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源保護(hu)(hu)得很好(hao)。建立(li)國家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)后(hou),將依法(fa)更加強化保護(hu)(hu),對(dui)旅游資(zi)(zi)(zi)源進行保護(hu)(hu)性(xing)科學開發和合理利用,為保護(hu)(hu)三峽庫(ku)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境再立(li)新功。自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)是生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明建設的(de)重要(yao)載體。建立(li)自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)是保護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境、自然(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源的(de)有效(xiao)措施,是加快轉變經濟發展方(fang)式(shi)、實現可持續發展的(de)積極(ji)手(shou)段(duan)。國家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)主要(yao)保護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象的(de)典型(xing)性(xing)、稀有性(xing)、瀕危性(xing)、代表性(xing)較(jiao)強,在保護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性(xing)和生(sheng)物(wu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源、維護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統服務功能(neng)等方(fang)面具有重要(yao)作用。