重慶石柱(zhu)七(qi)曜山地質公(gong)園最典型(xing)的(de)(de)地質遺(yi)跡當(dang)屬“侏羅(luo)山式褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)”。所謂“侏羅(luo)山式褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)”,又(you)稱(cheng)過渡(du)型(xing)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou),由互(hu)相(xiang)平(ping)行的(de)(de)背斜(xie)和向斜(xie)相(xiang)間排(pai)列而(er)(er)成。侏羅(luo)山式褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)代表(biao)性構造是隔(ge)檔式與隔(ge)槽(cao)式褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)。隔(ge)檔式褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)又(you)稱(cheng)梳狀(zhuang)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou),由一系列平(ping)等褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)組成,其特征(zheng)是背斜(xie)緊(jin)閉(bi),發(fa)育(yu)完整,而(er)(er)兩個背斜(xie)之間的(de)(de)向斜(xie)平(ping)緩開闊(kuo)。隔(ge)槽(cao)式褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)與前者相(xiang)反(fan),特征(zheng)是向斜(xie)緊(jin)閉(bi)且發(fa)育(yu)完整,而(er)(er)兩個向斜(xie)之間的(de)(de)背斜(xie)平(ping)緩開闊(kuo),常呈箱狀(zhuang)。而(er)(er)重慶七(qi)曜山地質公(gong)園正(zheng)好處在隔(ge)擋式褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)向隔(ge)槽(cao)式褶(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)轉換的(de)(de)過渡(du)部(bu)位。
侏羅(luo)山(shan)式褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命名起源于歐(ou)洲的(de)(de)(de)(de)侏羅(luo)山(shan)區,這(zhe)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)地質(zhi)特點以背斜(xie)緊(jin)閉向(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)開(kai)闊(kuo)和向(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)緊(jin)閉背斜(xie)開(kai)闊(kuo)為(wei)特征。這(zhe)類褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)在形態上與褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)造山(shan)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)強烈緊(jin)閉褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)和地臺(tai)蓋層的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)其平緩開(kai)闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)明顯(xian)不同。所以本世紀(ji)初的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿爾卑斯構(gou)造研(yan)究者就注意到這(zhe)類構(gou)造,布克斯多夫(fu)(Buxtorf1916)進行了研(yan)究并(bing)提(ti)出(chu)了侏羅(luo)山(shan)式褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou),認為(wei)這(zhe)類褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)是蓋層在海西基底上剪(jian)切滑動的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。別洛馬索夫(fu)和張(zhang)文佑以區域構(gou)造為(wei)基礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)分類中,都把侏羅(luo)山(shan)式褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)與阿爾卑斯式褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(地槽型全(quan)形褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou))和日(ri)爾曼(man)式褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)(地臺(tai)型斷續褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou))并(bing)列為(wei)三大褶(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)(zhou)類型。
二、中國(guo)人眼中的(de)重慶石柱七曜山-以自然景觀命(ming)名(ming)的(de)縣
石柱土家(jia)族自(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)簡(jian)稱石柱縣(xian)(xian),位于重(zhong)慶市東(dong)部(bu)(bu)、長(chang)江(jiang)南(nan)岸、山峽庫區(qu)腹心,是集少(shao)(shao)數(shu)民族自(zi)(zi)治縣(xian)(xian)、三峽庫區(qu)淹(yan)沒(mei)縣(xian)(xian)、國家(jia)扶貧(pin)工(gong)作重(zhong)點(dian)縣(xian)(xian)于一體(ti)的(de)特殊縣(xian)(xian)份。幅員面積3012平(ping)方公里。從唐武德二年(公元619年)開(kai)始建縣(xian)(xian),縣(xian)(xian)城南(nan)賓鎮(zhen)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)萬(wan)壽山(石柱山)上有一對巨石酷似少(shao)(shao)男少(shao)(shao)女、分(fen)別(bie)稱“男女石柱”。故取石潼關(guan)、砫蒲關(guan)二名首字(zi)而得名。是中(zhong)國以獨特自(zi)(zi)然景觀命名的(de)縣(xian)(xian)級行政(zheng)區(qu)域(yu)之一。
石柱縣(xian)(xian)地,古為《禹貢》梁州之域。西周、春秋(qiu)(前(qian)1027-前(qian)476)屬巴(ba)國(guo)“南(nan)極黔(qian)(qian)涪(fu)”領地。戰(zhan)國(guo)(前(qian)475-前(qian)221)先后屬楚黔(qian)(qian)中地及秦黔(qian)(qian)中郡(jun)。秦,縣(xian)(xian)地大(da)體(ti)以七(qi)(qi)曜(yao)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)為界,大(da)部(bu)(bu)(長江(jiang)南(nan)岸至七(qi)(qi)曜(yao)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)西面(mian))屬巴(ba)郡(jun),少部(bu)(bu)(七(qi)(qi)曜(yao)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)東面(mian))屬黔(qian)(qian)中郡(jun)。兩漢,縣(xian)(xian)地仍大(da)體(ti)以七(qi)(qi)曜(yao)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)為界,大(da)部(bu)(bu)屬臨(lin)江(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(今(jin)忠(zhong)縣(xian)(xian))南(nan)境(jing),少部(bu)(bu)屬涪(fu)陵縣(xian)(xian)(今(jin)彭(peng)水)北境(jing)。
三國(guo)時(shi)期,西(xi)界沱是(shi)蜀漢(han)益州(zhou)以長江為(wei)界,分置巴(ba)、巴(ba)東、涪(fu)陵三郡(jun)(jun)之(zhi)交界地(di),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)仍屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)江南之(zhi)涪(fu)陵郡(jun)(jun)涪(fu)陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(今彭水(shui))。西(xi)晉(jin)、東晉(jin)、十六(liu)國(guo),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)均(jun)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)涪(fu)陵郡(jun)(jun)涪(fu)陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。南北(bei)朝(chao)宋時(shi),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)改(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)巴(ba)郡(jun)(jun)。齊,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)巴(ba)郡(jun)(jun)(今重慶)臨(lin)江縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(今忠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)),梁,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)臨(lin)江郡(jun)(jun)。北(bei)周,初屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)臨(lin)江郡(jun)(jun),武(wu)(wu)帝保定(ding)初(561)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)臨(lin)江地(di)分置的南都郡(jun)(jun)源陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),建德(de)四(si)年(nian)(575),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)南都郡(jun)(jun)源陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)改(gai)(gai)名的懷德(de)郡(jun)(jun)武(wu)(wu)寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(今萬縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)武(wu)(wu)陵鎮)。隋,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)均(jun)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)臨(lin)州(zhou)武(wu)(wu)寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。
唐(tang)(tang)(tang)武德(de)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(619),置(zhi)南賓(bin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(今(jin)(jin)石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)),隸(li)(li)(li)臨州(zhou)(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)忠縣(xian)(xian)(xian)),為縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)建縣(xian)(xian)(xian)之始。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)末(mo)(mo),南賓(bin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)處(chu)于多(duo)個地方軍(jun)閥的爭奪之地,政事(shi)難(nan)行。北宋至明(ming)(ming)洪(hong)(hong)武十四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1381),均循唐(tang)(tang)(tang)制(zhi)(zhi),置(zhi)南賓(bin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),隸(li)(li)(li)忠州(zhou)(zhou)。南宋建炎三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1129),置(zhi)石(shi)砫(zhu)安撫司(si)(si),節制(zhi)(zhi)九溪十八峒。元(yuan)初(chu)設石(shi)砫(zhu)軍(jun)民(min)(min)(min)府(fu),后升為石(shi)砫(zhu)軍(jun)民(min)(min)(min)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)撫司(si)(si)。元(yuan)末(mo)(mo)明(ming)(ming)初(chu)改(gai)為石(shi)砫(zhu)安撫司(si)(si)。明(ming)(ming)洪(hong)(hong)武八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1375),置(zhi)石(shi)砫(zhu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)撫司(si)(si),隸(li)(li)(li)重慶衛;明(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖四(si)(si)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1563),改(gai)隸(li)(li)(li)夔州(zhou)(zhou)衛。天(tian)啟元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1621),石(shi)砫(zhu)女(nv)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)撫使(shi)秦(qin)良玉勤王有功,升石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)慰司(si)(si),隸(li)(li)(li)川(chuan)(chuan)東道(dao)夔州(zhou)(zhou)府(fu)。乾(qian)隆(long)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1757),改(gai)置(zhi)石(shi)砫(zhu)廳,隸(li)(li)(li)夔州(zhou)(zhou)府(fu)。二(er)(er)十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1761),升為四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)砫(zhu)直(zhi)隸(li)(li)(li)廳,直(zhi)隸(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)。民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1913),改(gai)為石(shi)砫(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),屬四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)東川(chuan)(chuan)道(dao)。民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)二(er)(er)十四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1935),石(shi)砫(zhu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)改(gai)隸(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)酉陽(yang)公署。民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)三十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1948),改(gai)隸(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)萬縣(xian)(xian)(xian)公署。1950年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),正式成立縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人民(min)(min)(min)政府(fu),隸(li)(li)(li)川(chuan)(chuan)東行署區涪陵專(zhuan)區。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)成立石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)土(tu)家族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian),隸(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)黔江地區。1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)18日,隸(li)(li)(li)重慶市。
地(di)學(xue)筑起的深呼吸(xi)康養基(ji)地(di)、愛情家園 ——重慶石柱七曜山(shan)地(di)質公園
地學(xue)筑(zhu)起的深(shen)呼(hu)吸康養基(ji)地、愛(ai)情(qing)家園 ——重(zhong)慶石(shi)柱七(qi)曜山地質(zhi)公園
三、重慶(qing)人眼中的石柱七曜山-避暑休閑的處(chu)女地
重慶(qing)和(he)南京、武漢被稱為(wei)中國的(de)(de)“三大(da)火爐”,盛夏到來、烈(lie)日炎炎,尋找一處(chu)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)態的(de)(de)避(bi)(bi)暑圣地(di)(di)就成為(wei)這三大(da)城市居(ju)民(min)的(de)(de)向往(wang)。而七曜山(shan)地(di)(di)質(zhi)公園的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)態特(te)點、盧家(jia)壩子(zi)的(de)(de)天(tian)池洼地(di)(di)以及黃連產(chan)地(di)(di)和(he)莼菜基地(di)(di)的(de)(de)優勢,正是打(da)造(zao)避(bi)(bi)暑休閑勝地(di)(di)的(de)(de)理想愿景(jing)。因此,石柱(zhu)七曜山(shan)被稱為(wei)重慶(qing)人眼中的(de)(de)避(bi)(bi)暑休閑的(de)(de)處(chu)女地(di)(di)。避(bi)(bi)暑休閑的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)很多,但處(chu)于原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)態的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)比較少見。
地學筑起(qi)的深(shen)呼吸康養基地、愛情家園 ——重慶石(shi)柱七曜山地質公園
四、石柱人眼(yan)中的七曜山(shan)-地質公(gong)園
石柱七曜山地質(zhi)公園東(dong)起金鈴(ling)鄉銀杏村,西至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)龍池壩水庫,向北延伸(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沙子鎮,南至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃鶴鎮。規(gui)劃總面積(ji)為(wei)(wei)124.05k㎡。分為(wei)(wei)三個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)一(yi)個(ge)地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu),三個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)七曜山景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、金鈴(ling)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、馬盤溪景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu),一(yi)個(ge)地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)大小鍋圈地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)。
地學筑(zhu)起(qi)的深呼(hu)吸康養基(ji)地、愛(ai)情家園 ——重慶石(shi)柱(zhu)七曜山地質(zhi)公園
按照(zhao)《國家地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公園(yuan)規劃編制技術要求》的要求,公園(yuan)內地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)景觀類(lei)型(xing)有:地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剖面、地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構造、古生物、地(di)貌景觀、水體景觀等(deng)5大類(lei)、8類(lei)、9亞(ya)類(lei)共(gong)100個地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)景觀點。經(jing)評價,園(yuan)區世界(jie)級地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)1處(chu)(chu),國家級地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)6處(chu)(chu),省級地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)24處(chu)(chu),縣(區)級地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji)65處(chu)(chu)。